CN103545786B - A kind of protective device of leakage current - Google Patents
A kind of protective device of leakage current Download PDFInfo
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- CN103545786B CN103545786B CN201310492841.4A CN201310492841A CN103545786B CN 103545786 B CN103545786 B CN 103545786B CN 201310492841 A CN201310492841 A CN 201310492841A CN 103545786 B CN103545786 B CN 103545786B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of protective device of leakage current, comprise leakage current isolation sampling unit, protecting field detection of connectivity unit, full-wave rectification amplifying unit, signal output unit and relay control unit; Wherein, leakage current isolation sampling unit gathers the leakage current signal that external loading produces, and be sent to full-wave rectification amplifying unit and carry out rectification amplification, the leakage current signal after amplifying through over commutation is sent to signal output unit and relay control unit by full-wave rectification amplifying unit; Protecting field detection of connectivity unit connects relay control unit; processor in relay control unit sends initiatively leakage current enabling signal; initiatively leakage current enabling signal controls optocoupler conducting; produce initiatively leakage current; initiatively leakage current is isolated sampling unit, full-wave rectification amplifying unit and signal output unit through leakage current and is sent to processor in relay control unit; whether processor, according to active leakage current, detects protecting field and connects and exchanges and input phase sequence whether misconnection.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of power electronics, relate to a kind of protective device of leakage current, is a kind of protecting field detection of connectivity and leak current detection device concretely.
Background technology
Various electric equipment products extensively enter subscriber household, as domestic, electric water heater etc. also already be familiar with by user and accept, be just commonly used.Earth leakage protective is that user brings certain safety guarantee as the necessary functions of electric heater, refrigerator etc.; but; annual still old certain customers hinder by electric leakage; trace it to its cause; be not because creepage protection function is inoperative; but because power utilization environment unreliable, namely do not connect protectively or ground connection unreliable.If electric leakage appears in electric equipment, when there is no reliable ground, personnel's electric shock accidents can be there is.
Leakage current test is made up of zero sequence current mutual inductor, integrated leakage current test IC, relay drive circuit and electromagnetic relay usually.Leakage current is by becoming the faint isolation signal of telecommunication after zero sequence current mutual inductor, its size is directly proportional to leakage current, the signal of telecommunication of isolation is sent into integrated detection of electrical leakage IC, when electric leakage signal amplitude exceedes the threshold value of setting, integrated detection of electrical leakage IC drives electromagnetic relay coil, thus disconnects alternating current input power supplying and power consumption equipment.
Summary of the invention
Existing electric-leakage detection circuit only has hardware protection, when testing circuit breaks down, can not self diagnosis, and shielding failure.In addition, this kind of electric-leakage detection circuit does not have protecting field detection of connectivity, and also phase sequence incorrect link useless detects, and there is electric shock hidden danger.
In order to solve the problem, the embodiment of the present invention proposes a kind of protective device of leakage current, comprises leakage current isolation sampling unit, protecting field detection of connectivity unit, full-wave rectification amplifying unit, signal output unit and relay control unit, wherein, the leakage current signal that described leakage current isolation sampling unit produces for gathering external loading, and be sent to described full-wave rectification amplifying unit and carry out rectification amplification, the leakage current signal after amplifying through over commutation is sent to described signal output unit and described relay control unit by described full-wave rectification amplifying unit, described leakage current and hardware protection threshold value compare by described signal output unit, if exceed described hardware protection threshold value, then control described relay control unit output protection signal, control relay action, disconnects described external loading from alternating current input power supplying, described relay control unit comprises processor, the size of leakage current according to described leakage current calculated signals, and compare with the software protection threshold value that described processor is arranged, if exceed described software protection threshold value, then control described relay control unit output protection signal, control relay action, disconnects described external loading from alternating current input power supplying, described protecting field detection of connectivity unit connects described relay control unit, processor in described relay control unit sends initiatively leakage current enabling signal, described active leakage current enabling signal controls optocoupler conducting, thus be communicated with input AC phase line and protectiveness ground wire also generation initiatively leakage current, described active leakage current is through described leakage current isolation sampling unit, full-wave rectification amplifying unit and signal output unit are sent to the processor in described relay control unit, described processor is according to described active leakage current, detect protecting field whether to connect and exchanges and input phase sequence whether misconnection.
Further, in one embodiment, described leakage current isolation sampling unit comprises zero sequence current mutual inductor, protection diode and filter capacitor; Wherein, described leakage current signal is become the isolation signal of telecommunication be directly proportional to described leakage current by described zero sequence current mutual inductor; described protection diode is used for the large leakage current of clamper and produces too high voltages at precision operational-amplifier input port; described precision operational-amplifier is protected not damaged by too high leakage current, the high-frequency interferencing signal that described filter capacitor superposes in leakage current signal waveform described in filtering.
Further, in one embodiment, described full-wave rectification amplifying unit comprises signal rectification and amplification resistance, signal rectification and amplification diode and signal rectification and amplification operational amplifier; Described signal rectification and amplification resistance, signal rectification and amplification diode and signal rectification and amplification operational amplifier are used for carrying out rectification amplification to described leakage current signal.
Further, in one embodiment, described protecting field detection of connectivity unit comprises initiatively leakage current regulating resistance and isolation optocoupler; Wherein, described isolation optocoupler is used for isolating input ac power and control circuit, makes forceful electric power and light current separately; Described active leakage current regulating resistance is for regulating the size of described active leakage current.
Further, in one embodiment, described signal output unit comprises RC filter, hardware protection threshold value divider resistance and comparator, wherein, the high-frequency interferencing signal of described RC filter on the leakage current signal of filtering after described full-wave rectification amplifying unit rectification is amplified, described hardware protection threshold value divider resistance is used for providing hardware protection threshold level, the resistance adjusting described hardware protection threshold value divider resistance can change described hardware protection threshold level, described comparator is for comparing the leakage current signal after full-wave rectification amplifying unit rectification amplification and described hardware protection threshold level, when the leakage current signal after described full-wave rectification amplifying unit rectification is amplified exceedes described hardware protection threshold level, described comparator output level upset, export hardware protection signal, the described actuating of relay is controlled after latching.
Further, in one embodiment, described relay control unit comprises hardware protection output signal latch, relay drive circuit and described processor; Wherein, the hardware protection signal that described latch is used for described comparator to export latches, and constant to maintain hardware protection state, described relay drive circuit is for driving described relay; relay is allowed to perform protection instruction, load to be excised from AC power.
Further, in one embodiment, the processor in described relay control unit is a single-chip microcomputer.
The protective device of leakage current of the embodiment of the present invention, can realize the isolation sampling of leakage current, and by accurate full-wave rectification amplifying circuit, accurately detect the size of leakage current; By setting different software protection threshold values and hardware protection threshold value, realizing cascade protection, reaching double protection functions; Further, utilize leakage current test functional loop, by active leakage current circuit for generating, realize protecting field detection of connectivity, guarantee that protecting field reliably connects.Therefore, protective device of leakage current integrated protection of the present invention ground detection of connectivity and leakage current test function, can judge alternating current input power supplying phase sequence whether misconnection by software, and not increase hardware and cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the protective device of leakage current of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a specific embodiment of protective device of leakage current of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the oscillogram of protective device of leakage current in testing process of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The invention provides a kind of protecting field detection of connectivity and protective device of leakage current; except can accurately detect except leakage current, also there is protecting field detection of connectivity, and exchange input phase sequence misconnection function; there is software and hardware duplicate protection simultaneously, the functions such as testing circuit fault self-diagnosis.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the protective device of leakage current of the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in the figure, the protective device of leakage current of the present embodiment comprises: leakage current isolation sampling unit 101, protecting field detection of connectivity unit 102, full-wave rectification amplifying unit 103, signal output unit 104 and relay control unit 105.
Wherein, the leakage current signal that described leakage current isolation sampling unit 101 produces for gathering external loading, and be sent to described full-wave rectification amplifying unit 103 and carry out rectification amplification, the leakage current signal after amplifying through over commutation is sent to described signal output unit 104 and described relay control unit 105 by described full-wave rectification amplifying unit 103.
Described leakage current and hardware protection threshold value compare by described signal output unit 104; if exceed described hardware protection threshold value; then control described relay control unit 105 output protection signal, control relay action, disconnects described external loading from alternating current input power supplying.
Described relay control unit comprises processor; the size of leakage current according to described leakage current calculated signals; and compare with the software protection threshold value that described processor is arranged; if exceed described software protection threshold value; then control described relay control unit output protection signal; control relay action, disconnects described external loading from alternating current input power supplying.
Described protecting field detection of connectivity unit 102 connects described relay control unit 105, processor in described relay control unit sends initiatively leakage current enabling signal, described active leakage current enabling signal controls optocoupler conducting, thus be communicated with input AC phase line and protectiveness ground wire also generation initiatively leakage current, described active leakage current is through described leakage current isolation sampling unit 101, full-wave rectification amplifying unit 103 and signal output unit 104 are sent to the processor in described relay control unit 105, described processor is according to described active leakage current, detect protecting field whether to connect and exchanges and input phase sequence whether misconnection.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a specific embodiment of protective device of leakage current of the present invention.As shown in the figure, the leakage current isolation sampling unit 101 shown in Fig. 1 comprises zero sequence current mutual inductor 120, protection diode 121,123 and filter capacitor 124.Wherein, described leakage current signal is become the isolation signal of telecommunication be directly proportional to described leakage current by described zero sequence current mutual inductor 120; described protection diode 121,123 produces too high voltages for the leakage current that clamper is large at precision operational-amplifier input port; described precision operational-amplifier is protected not damaged by too high leakage current, the high-frequency interferencing signal that described filter capacitor 124 superposes in leakage current signal waveform described in filtering.
In the present embodiment, full-wave rectification amplifying unit 103 in Fig. 1 comprises signal rectification and amplification resistance 126,130,127,134, and signal rectification and amplification are with diode 132,133,135,137 and signal rectification and amplify with operational amplifier 131,136; Described signal rectification and amplification resistance 126,130,127,134, signal rectification and amplification diode 132,133,135,137 and signal rectification and amplification operational amplifier 131,136 are for carrying out rectification amplification to described leakage current signal.
In the present embodiment, the protecting field detection of connectivity unit 102 in Fig. 1 comprises initiatively leakage current regulating resistance 128 and isolation optocoupler 129; Wherein, described isolation optocoupler 129, for isolating input ac power and control circuit, makes forceful electric power and light current separately; Described active leakage current regulating resistance 128 is for regulating the size of described active leakage current.
In the present embodiment, the signal output unit 104 in Fig. 1 comprises RC filter 141,142, hardware protection threshold value divider resistance 138,139 and comparator 140.Wherein, described RC filter 141, 142 high-frequency interferencing signals on the leakage current signal of filtering after described full-wave rectification amplifying unit 103 rectification is amplified, described hardware protection threshold value divider resistance 138, 139 for providing hardware protection threshold level, the resistance adjusting described hardware protection threshold value divider resistance can change hardware protection threshold level, described comparator 140 is for comparing the leakage current signal after full-wave rectification amplifying unit 103 rectification amplification and described hardware protection threshold level, when the leakage current signal after described full-wave rectification amplifying unit 103 rectification is amplified exceedes described hardware protection threshold level, described comparator 140 output level upset, export hardware protection signal, the described actuating of relay is controlled after latching.
In the present embodiment, the relay control unit in Fig. 1 comprises hardware protection output signal latch 143, relay drive circuit 144 and described processor 145.Wherein, described latch 143 latches for the hardware protection signal exported by described comparator 140; constant to maintain hardware protection state, only have when after leakage current failture evacuation, control to re-power or hardware protection signal latch state can be removed after MCU output unlock command.Described relay drive circuit 144, for driving described relay, allows relay perform protection instruction, load to be excised from AC power.
In the present embodiment, the processor 145 in described relay control unit can be a single-chip microcomputer or is microcontroller.
Use the protective device of leakage current of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 can carry out the detection of leakage current and the detection of protecting field connectedness, and referring to Fig. 2, it is specifically implemented as follows:
1, leakage current test:
By leakage current isolation sampling unit 101, after the sinusoidal leakage current signal collected is sent into full-wave rectification amplifying unit 103, export the sine wave signal after rectification amplification.This signal divides two-way, and processor 145 is sent to by software sampling process in a road, calculates leakage current in real time, and compares to judge whether leakage current exceedes limit value with the protection threshold value of software set.Another road compared with hardware protection threshold value to judge whether to exceed hardware setting limit value.When leakage current exceedes the threshold value of the threshold value of software set or hardware setting, processor or hardware, by output protection signal, are delivered to relay drive circuit to promote the actuating of relay, thus load are disconnected from alternating current input power supplying.The detection computations of leakage current is as follows:
Initial conditions:
Actual leakage current, Ileak;
The zero sequence current mutual inductor turn ratio, 1:n;
Resistance is amplified in full-wave rectification, R1=R7=Ra, R8=Rb, R2=R7+R8=Ra+Rb;
The then leakage current Ileak_s that detects of processor:
Ileak_s=(Ileak/n)*(1+Rb/Ra)
Thus, the size of actual leakage current accurately can be detected, also can change the size of resistance value very easily to adjust multiplication factor.
2, protecting field detection of connectivity:
Protecting field detection of connectivity unit 102 is also active leakage current generation unit.When carrying out protecting field detection of connectivity, processor 145 output low level, the conducting of isolation optocoupler 129.When input AC electricity phase line L and zero line N exact connect ion, exchange input and produce initiatively leakage current by active leakage current regulating resistance 128 and isolation optocoupler 129, its size is:
The pressure drop that Ileak ≈ Uin/R11(isolates on optocoupler can be ignored), wherein, Uin is the voltage between alternating current phase line L and zero line N, namely line voltage.
Isolation optocoupler 129, for isolating input ac power and control circuit, makes forceful electric power and light current separately, can not get an electric shock when guaranteeing that people touches control circuit.Described isolation optocoupler 129 is equivalent to a bidirectional switch, can control turn-on and turn-off by processor 145.
Earth connection PE and zero line N line are equipotential, when processor 145 controls isolation optocoupler 129 conducting, if alternating current phase line L and zero line N phase sequence correct, alternating current phase line L will be communicated with isolation optocoupler U4 by active leakage current regulating resistance R11 with earth connection PE, at this moment initiatively leakage current will be produced on active leakage current regulating resistance R11, similarly, zero sequence current mutual inductor 125 flows through the electric current identical with active leakage current regulating resistance R11.
Visible, selecting different resistance values, make initiatively leakage current be less than or greater than residual current protection threshold value, usually, in order to not affect the normal detection of leakage current, if uninterruptedly carry out protecting field detection of connectivity, then active leakage current should be made much smaller than residual current protection threshold value; If discontinuity carries out protecting field detection of connectivity, according to the cycle length of discontinuity, then can select initiatively leakage current more flexibly.The active leakage current produced passes through zero sequence current mutual inductor isolated transmission to leakage current test unit such as full-wave rectification amplifying circuits.Initiatively leakage current is by delivering to processor 145 after leakage current test functional loop, is calculated thus can judge whether protecting field normally connects by sampling.This is because active leakage current equals the electric current that active leakage current regulating resistance R11 flows through, if earth connection PE does not connect, after processor sends active leakage current test signal (i.e. optocoupler conducting), then on active leakage current regulating resistance R11, no current produces.
Utilize protecting field detection of connectivity function; if protecting field is exact connect ion; when processor 145 output low level controls isolation optocoupler 129 conducting, if processor 145 can not collect the leakage current initiatively produced, then exchange input phase line L and zero line N phase sequence connection error.
3, self-diagnostic function:
By protecting field detection of connectivity and leakage current test functional unit; initiatively leakage current can not be detected; or the active leakage current wave distortion detected is abnormal, then can judge that protecting field connects fault or phase sequence mistake or testing circuit and breaks down and send alarm signal.Testing circuit herein refers to 101 leakage current isolation sampling units, 102 protecting field detection of connectivity unit, 103 accurate full-wave rectification amplifying units, 104 signal output units.By writing code to processor 145, regularly send initiatively leakage current test instruction, then the leakage current signal sampled is carried out analysiss contrast by processor 145, makes power supply connection or whether testing circuit has breakdown judge.
Fig. 3 is the oscillogram of protective device of leakage current in testing process of the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in the figure, curve 201 in Fig. 3 is leakage current test output current signal (the filtered leakage current signal of RC filter 141,142 in corresponding diagram 2), wherein curve 210 is the actual leakage current that detects and initiatively leakage current sum, the active leakage current of curve 211 for detecting, the actual leakage current of curve 213 for detecting, curve 214 indicates without actual leakage current and active leakage current; Curve 202 is the stronger output waveform of hardware (comparator 140 in corresponding diagram 1 outputs signal); when the leakage current detected (comprising actual leakage current and active leakage current) is greater than the hardware protection threshold value of hardware protection threshold value divider resistance 138,139 setting; comparator 140 output low level; after latches, promote relay disconnecting consumers and alternating current input power supplying.
The protective device of leakage current of the embodiment of the present invention, can realize the isolation sampling of leakage current, and by accurate full-wave rectification amplifying circuit, accurately detect the size of leakage current; By setting different software protection threshold values and hardware protection threshold value, realizing cascade protection, reaching double protection functions; Further, utilize leakage current test functional loop, by active leakage current circuit for generating, realize protecting field detection of connectivity, guarantee that protecting field reliably connects.Therefore, protective device of leakage current integrated protection of the present invention ground detection of connectivity and leakage current test function, can judge alternating current input power supplying phase sequence whether misconnection by software, and not increase hardware and cost.
Apply specific embodiment in the present invention to set forth principle of the present invention and execution mode, the explanation of above embodiment just understands method of the present invention and core concept thereof for helping; Meanwhile, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, all will change in specific embodiments and applications, in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a protective device of leakage current, is characterized in that, comprises leakage current isolation sampling unit, protecting field detection of connectivity unit, full-wave rectification amplifying unit, signal output unit and relay control unit; Wherein,
The leakage current signal that described leakage current isolation sampling unit produces for gathering external loading, and be sent to described full-wave rectification amplifying unit and carry out rectification amplification, the leakage current signal after amplifying through over commutation is sent to described signal output unit and described relay control unit by described full-wave rectification amplifying unit;
Described leakage current and hardware protection threshold value compare by described signal output unit, if exceed described hardware protection threshold value, then control described relay control unit output protection signal, control relay action, disconnects described external loading from alternating current input power supplying;
Described relay control unit comprises processor, the size of leakage current according to described leakage current calculated signals, and compare with the software protection threshold value that described processor is arranged, if exceed described software protection threshold value, then control described relay control unit output protection signal, control relay action, disconnects described external loading from alternating current input power supplying;
Described protecting field detection of connectivity unit connects described relay control unit, processor in described relay control unit sends initiatively leakage current enabling signal, described active leakage current enabling signal controls optocoupler conducting, thus be communicated with input AC phase line and protectiveness ground wire also generation initiatively leakage current, described active leakage current is through described leakage current isolation sampling unit, full-wave rectification amplifying unit and signal output unit are sent to the processor in described relay control unit, described processor is according to described active leakage current, detect protecting field whether to connect and exchanges and input phase sequence whether misconnection,
Described protecting field detection of connectivity unit comprises initiatively leakage current regulating resistance and isolation optocoupler;
Wherein, described isolation optocoupler is used for isolating input ac power and control circuit, makes forceful electric power and light current separately;
Described active leakage current regulating resistance is for regulating the size of described active leakage current.
2. protective device of leakage current according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described leakage current isolation sampling unit comprises zero sequence current mutual inductor, protection diode and filter capacitor;
Wherein, described leakage current signal is become the isolation signal of telecommunication be directly proportional to described leakage current by described zero sequence current mutual inductor; described protection diode is used for the large leakage current of clamper and produces too high voltages at precision operational-amplifier input port; described precision operational-amplifier is protected not damaged by too high leakage current, the high-frequency interferencing signal that described filter capacitor superposes in leakage current signal waveform described in filtering.
3. protective device of leakage current according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described full-wave rectification amplifying unit comprises signal rectification and amplification resistance, signal rectification and amplification diode and signal rectification and amplification operational amplifier;
Described signal rectification and amplification resistance, signal rectification and amplification diode and signal rectification and amplification operational amplifier are used for carrying out rectification amplification to described leakage current signal.
4. protective device of leakage current according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described signal output unit comprises RC filter, hardware protection threshold value divider resistance and comparator;
Wherein, the high-frequency interferencing signal of described RC filter on the leakage current signal of filtering after described full-wave rectification amplifying unit rectification is amplified, described hardware protection threshold value divider resistance is used for providing hardware protection threshold level, the resistance adjusting described hardware protection threshold value divider resistance can change described hardware protection threshold level, described comparator is for comparing the leakage current signal after full-wave rectification amplifying unit rectification amplification and described hardware protection threshold level, when the leakage current signal after described full-wave rectification amplifying unit rectification is amplified exceedes described hardware protection threshold level, described comparator output level upset, export hardware protection signal, the described actuating of relay is controlled after latching.
5. protective device of leakage current according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described relay control unit comprises hardware protection output signal latch, relay drive circuit and described processor;
Wherein, the hardware protection signal that described latch is used for described comparator to export latches, and constant to maintain hardware protection state, described relay drive circuit is for driving described relay; relay is allowed to perform protection instruction, load to be excised from AC power.
6. protective device of leakage current according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the processor in described relay control unit is a single-chip microcomputer.
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| CN104237841A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2014-12-24 | 国家电网公司 | Isolation type current leakage detecting device for electric energy meter insulation tests |
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| CN106549365B (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2020-02-04 | 深圳市中智盛安安全技术有限公司 | Power utilization safety detection protection method and system |
| CN106549366B (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2020-10-16 | 深圳市中智盛安安全技术有限公司 | Power utilization safety detection protection circuit, switch device or socket |
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| SE542304C2 (en) | 2016-10-24 | 2020-04-07 | Husqvarna Ab | Mitigation of touch current in handheld electrical tools |
| CN106680651A (en) * | 2017-01-03 | 2017-05-17 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Leakage current detecting device and vehicle charging equipment |
| CN107272507B (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2020-06-19 | 苏州浪潮智能科技有限公司 | Device and method for linkage control of constant temperature and humidity cabinet and server power supply |
| CN107592481A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2018-01-16 | 深圳创维－Rgb电子有限公司 | Intelligent control device and television set based on TV standby protection |
| EP3546957A1 (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2019-10-02 | Siemens Healthcare GmbH | Isolated grounding effectiveness monitor |
| CN109342873A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-02-15 | 杨卫珍 | A kind of metal-back electric equipment products electric leakage alarm device with self-checking function |
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