CN103545786A - Leakage current protecting device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a leakage current protecting device. The leakage current protecting device comprises a leakage current isolation sampling unit, a protected area connectivity detecting unit, a full-wave rectification and amplification unit, a signal output unit and a relay control unit, wherein the leakage current isolation sampling unit acquires leakage current signals generated by an external load, and transmits the leakage current signals to the full-wave rectification and amplification unit to be rectified and amplified; the full-wave rectification and amplification unit transmits the leakage current signals which are rectified and amplified to the signal output unit and the relay control unit; the protected area connectivity detecting unit is connected with the relay control unit; a processor in the relay control unit transmits an active leakage current starting signal; the active leakage current starting signal controls conduction of an optocoupler; active leakage current is generated; the active leakage current is transmitted to the processor in the relay control unit via the leakage current isolation sampling unit, the full-wave rectification and amplification unit and the signal output unit; and the processor detects whether protected areas are connected with each other or not and whether alternating-current inputs are mistakenly connected to one another sequentially or not according to the active leakage current.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of power electronics, relate to a kind of protective device of leakage current, is a kind of protection ground detection of connectivity and leak current detection device concretely.
Background technology
Various electric equipment products extensively enter subscriber household, as domestic, electric water heater etc., also by user, are familiar with and accept already, are just commonly used.Earth leakage protective has been brought certain safety guarantee as the necessary functions of electric heater, refrigerator etc. for user; yet; still old certain customers are hindered by electric leakage every year; trace it to its cause; be not because creepage protection function is inoperative; but because power utilization environment is unreliable, connection or ground connection are not unreliable protectively.If electric leakage appears in electric equipment, when there is no reliable ground, can there is personnel's electric shock accidents.
Leakage current test is comprised of zero sequence current mutual inductor, integrated leakage current test IC, relay drive circuit and electromagnetic relay conventionally.Leakage current becomes the faint isolation signal of telecommunication after by zero sequence current mutual inductor, its size is directly proportional to leakage current, the signal of telecommunication of isolation is sent into integrated detection of electrical leakage IC, when electric leakage signal amplitude surpasses the threshold value of setting, integrated detection of electrical leakage IC drives electromagnetic relay coil, thereby disconnects alternating current input power supplying and power consumption equipment.
Summary of the invention
Existing electric-leakage detection circuit only has hardware protection, when testing circuit breaks down, can not self diagnosis, and protection was lost efficacy.In addition, this kind of electric-leakage detection circuit do not protected ground detection of connectivity, and also phase sequence incorrect link useless detects, and has electric shock hidden danger.
In order to address the above problem, the embodiment of the present invention proposes a kind of protective device of leakage current, comprises leakage current isolation sampling unit, detection of connectivity unit, protection ground, full-wave rectification amplifying unit, signal output unit and relay control unit, wherein, the leakage current signal that described leakage current isolation sampling unit produces for gathering external loading, and be sent to described full-wave rectification amplifying unit and carry out rectification amplification, described full-wave rectification amplifying unit is sent to described signal output unit and described relay control unit by the leakage current signal after over commutation amplifies, described signal output unit compares described leakage current and hardware protection threshold value, if surpass described hardware protection threshold value, control described relay control unit output protection signal, control relay action, disconnects described external loading from alternating current input power supplying, described relay control unit comprises processor, according to the size of leakage current described in described leakage current calculated signals, and compare with the software protection threshold value of described processor setting, if surpass described software protection threshold value, control described relay control unit output protection signal, control relay action, disconnects described external loading from alternating current input power supplying, detection of connectivity unit, described protection ground connects described relay control unit, processor in described relay control unit sends initiatively leakage current enabling signal, described active leakage current enabling signal is controlled optocoupler conducting, thereby be communicated with input AC phase line and protectiveness ground wire and produce initiatively leakage current, described active leakage current is through described leakage current isolation sampling unit, full-wave rectification amplifying unit and signal output unit are sent to the processor in described relay control unit, described processor is according to described active leakage current, whether detect protection ground connects and exchanges and input whether misconnection of phase sequence.
Further, in one embodiment, described leakage current isolation sampling unit comprises zero sequence current mutual inductor, protection diode and filter capacitor; Wherein, described zero sequence current mutual inductor becomes described leakage current signal the isolation signal of telecommunication being directly proportional to described leakage current; described protection diode produces too high voltages for the large leakage current of clamper at precision operational-amplifier input port; protect described precision operational-amplifier by too high leakage current, not damaged, the high-frequency interferencing signal of described filter capacitor for superposeing in leakage current signal waveform described in filtering.
Further, in one embodiment, described full-wave rectification amplifying unit comprises signal rectification and amplifies with resistance, signal rectification and amplify with diode and signal rectification and amplification operational amplifier; Described signal rectification and resistance for amplification, signal rectification and amplify with diode and signal rectification and amplify with operational amplifier and be used for described leakage current signal to carry out rectification amplification.
Further, in one embodiment, detection of connectivity unit, described protection ground comprises initiatively leakage current regulating resistance and isolation optocoupler; Wherein, described isolation optocoupler, for input ac power and control circuit are isolated, makes forceful electric power and light current separately; Described active leakage current regulating resistance is for regulating the size of described active leakage current.
Further, in one embodiment, described signal output unit comprises RC filter, hardware protection threshold value divider resistance and comparator, wherein, described RC filter is the high-frequency interferencing signal on the leakage current signal after described full-wave rectification amplifying unit rectification is amplified for filtering, described hardware protection threshold value divider resistance is used for providing hardware protection threshold level, the resistance of adjusting described hardware protection threshold value divider resistance can change described hardware protection threshold level, described comparator is for comparing leakage current signal and the described hardware protection threshold level after the rectification of full-wave rectification amplifying unit is amplified, when the leakage current signal after described full-wave rectification amplifying unit rectification is amplified surpasses described hardware protection threshold level, described comparator output level upset, output hardware protection signal, after latching, control the described actuating of relay.
Further, in one embodiment, described relay control unit comprises hardware protection output signal latch, relay drive circuit and described processor; Wherein, described latch is for latching the hardware protection signal of described comparator output, and constant to maintain hardware protection state, described relay drive circuit is used for driving described relay; allow relay carry out protection instruction, so that load is excised from AC power.
Further, in one embodiment, the processor in described relay control unit is a single-chip microcomputer.
The protective device of leakage current of the embodiment of the present invention, can realize the isolation sampling of leakage current, and by accurate full-wave rectification amplifying circuit, accurately detect the size of leakage current; Can realize cascade protection by setting different software protection threshold value and hardware protection threshold value, reach double protection functions; And, utilize leakage current test functional loop, by active leakage current circuit for generating, realize protection ground detection of connectivity, guarantee protection reliable connection.Therefore, protective device of leakage current integrated protection of the present invention ground detection of connectivity and leakage current test function, can judge whether misconnection of alternating current input power supplying phase sequence by software, and not increase hardware and cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or description of the Prior Art be briefly described below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, do not paying under the prerequisite of creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the protective device of leakage current of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a specific embodiment of protective device of leakage current of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the protective device of leakage current of the embodiment of the present invention oscillogram in testing process.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Embodiment based in the present invention, those of ordinary skills, not making the every other embodiment obtaining under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The invention provides a kind of protection ground detection of connectivity and protective device of leakage current; except can accurately detecting leakage current, also there is protection ground detection of connectivity, and exchange input phase sequence misconnection function; there is software and hardware duplicate protection, the functions such as testing circuit fault self-diagnosis simultaneously.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the protective device of leakage current of the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in the figure, the protective device of leakage current of the present embodiment comprises: leakage current isolation sampling unit 101, detection of connectivity unit 102, protection ground, full-wave rectification amplifying unit 103, signal output unit 104 and relay control unit 105.
Wherein, the leakage current signal that described leakage current isolation sampling unit 101 produces for gathering external loading, and be sent to described full-wave rectification amplifying unit 103 and carry out rectification amplification, described full-wave rectification amplifying unit 103 is sent to described signal output unit 104 and described relay control unit 105 by the leakage current signal after over commutation amplifies.
Described signal output unit 104 compares described leakage current and hardware protection threshold value; if surpass described hardware protection threshold value; control described relay control unit 105 output protection signals, control relay action, disconnects described external loading from alternating current input power supplying.
Described relay control unit comprises processor; according to the size of leakage current described in described leakage current calculated signals; and compare with the software protection threshold value of described processor setting; if surpass described software protection threshold value; control described relay control unit output protection signal; control relay action, disconnects described external loading from alternating current input power supplying.
Detection of connectivity unit, described protection ground 102 connects described relay control unit 105, processor in described relay control unit sends initiatively leakage current enabling signal, described active leakage current enabling signal is controlled optocoupler conducting, thereby be communicated with input AC phase line and protectiveness ground wire and produce initiatively leakage current, described active leakage current is through described leakage current isolation sampling unit 101, full-wave rectification amplifying unit 103 and signal output unit 104 are sent to the processor in described relay control unit 105, described processor is according to described active leakage current, whether detect protection ground connects and exchanges and input whether misconnection of phase sequence.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a specific embodiment of protective device of leakage current of the present invention.As shown in the figure, the isolation of the leakage current shown in Fig. 1 sampling unit 101 comprises zero sequence current mutual inductor 120, protection diode 121,123 and filter capacitor 124.Wherein, described zero sequence current mutual inductor 120 becomes described leakage current signal the isolation signal of telecommunication being directly proportional to described leakage current; described protection diode 121,123 produces too high voltages for the large leakage current of clamper at precision operational-amplifier input port; protect described precision operational-amplifier by too high leakage current, not damaged, the high-frequency interferencing signal of described filter capacitor 124 for superposeing in leakage current signal waveform described in filtering.
In the present embodiment, full-wave rectification amplifying unit 103 in Fig. 1 comprises signal rectification and amplifies with resistance 126,130,127,134, diode 132,133,135,137 and signal rectification and operational amplifier 131,136 for amplification for signal rectification and amplification; Described signal rectification and resistance 126,130,127,134 for amplification, signal rectification and amplifying with diode 132,133,135,137 and signal rectification and amplification with operational amplifier 131,136 for described leakage current signal is carried out to rectification amplification.
In the present embodiment, detection of connectivity unit 102, the ground of the protection in Fig. 1 comprises initiatively leakage current regulating resistance 128 and isolation optocoupler 129; Wherein, described isolation optocoupler 129, for input ac power and control circuit are isolated, makes forceful electric power and light current separately; Described active leakage current regulating resistance 128 is for regulating the size of described active leakage current.
In the present embodiment, the signal output unit 104 in Fig. 1 comprises RC filter 141,142, hardware protection threshold value divider resistance 138,139 and comparator 140.Wherein, described RC filter 141, 142 for filtering through described full-wave rectification amplifying unit the high-frequency interferencing signal on the leakage current signal of 103 rectifications after amplifying, described hardware protection threshold value divider resistance 138, 139 for providing hardware protection threshold level, the resistance of adjusting described hardware protection threshold value divider resistance can change hardware protection threshold level, described comparator 140 is for comparing leakage current signal and the described hardware protection threshold level after 103 rectifications of full-wave rectification amplifying unit are amplified, when the leakage current signal after described full-wave rectification amplifying unit 103 rectifications are amplified surpasses described hardware protection threshold level, described comparator 140 output level upsets, output hardware protection signal, after latching, control the described actuating of relay.
In the present embodiment, the relay control unit in Fig. 1 comprises hardware protection output signal latch 143, relay drive circuit 144 and described processor 145.Wherein, described latch 143 is for latching the hardware protection signal of described comparator 140 outputs; constant to maintain hardware protection state, only have after leakage current fault is got rid of, control re-power or MCU output unlock command after can remove hardware protection signal latch state.Described relay drive circuit 144, for driving described relay, allows relay carry out protection instruction, so that load is excised from AC power.
In the present embodiment, the processor 145 in described relay control unit can be a single-chip microcomputer or is microcontroller.
Use the protective device of leakage current of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 can carry out detection and the connective detection in protection ground of leakage current, and referring to Fig. 2, it is specifically implemented as follows:
1, leakage current test:
By leakage current, isolate sampling unit 101, the sinusoidal leakage current signal collecting is sent into after full-wave rectification amplifying unit 103, the sine wave signal after output rectification is amplified.This signal divides two-way ，Yi road to be sent to processor 145 by software sampling, to process, calculate in real time leakage current, and compares to judge with the protection threshold value of software set whether leakage current surpasses limit value.Another road and hardware protection threshold are to judge whether to surpass hardware setting limit value.When leakage current surpasses the threshold value of software set or the threshold value of hardware setting, processor or hardware, by output protection signal, are delivered to relay drive circuit to promote the actuating of relay, thereby load are disconnected from alternating current input power supplying.The detection computations of leakage current is as follows:
Initial conditions:
Actual leakage current, Ileak;
The zero sequence current mutual inductor turn ratio, 1:n;
Resistance, R1=R7=Ra, R8=Rb, R2=R7+R8=Ra+Rb are amplified in full-wave rectification;
The leakage current Ileak_s that processor detects:
Ileak_s=(Ileak/n)*(1+Rb/Ra)
Thus, the size of actual leakage current can accurately be detected, also can change very easily the size of resistance value to adjust multiplication factor.
2, protection ground detection of connectivity:
Detection of connectivity unit 102, protection ground is also active leakage current generating unit.While protecting ground detection of connectivity, processor 145 output low levels, 129 conductings of isolation optocoupler.When input AC electricity phase line L and zero line N exact connect ion, exchange input and produce initiatively leakage current by active leakage current regulating resistance 128 and isolation optocoupler 129, its size is:
Pressure drop on Ileak ≈ Uin/R11(isolation optocoupler can be ignored), wherein, Uin is the voltage between alternating current phase line L and zero line N, namely line voltage.
Earth connection PE and zero line N line are equipotential, when processor 145 is controlled 129 conducting of isolation optocoupler, if alternating current phase line L and zero line N phase sequence are correct, alternating current phase line L and earth connection PE will be communicated with by active leakage current regulating resistance R11 and isolation optocoupler U4, at this moment will on active leakage current regulating resistance R11, produce initiatively leakage current, similarly, on zero sequence current mutual inductor 125, flow through the electric current identical with active leakage current regulating resistance R11.
Visible, select different resistance values, make initiatively leakage current be less than or greater than leakage current protection threshold value, conventionally, in order not affect the normal detection of leakage current, if uninterruptedly protect ground detection of connectivity, should make initiatively leakage current protect threshold value much smaller than leakage current; If discontinuity is protected ground detection of connectivity, according to the cycle length of discontinuity, can select more flexibly initiatively leakage current.The active leakage current producing isolates by zero sequence current mutual inductor leakage current test unit such as being sent to full-wave rectification amplifying circuit.Whether normally initiatively leakage current is delivered to processor 145 after by leakage current test functional loop, thereby calculates by sampling the connection that can judge protection.This be because, initiatively leakage current equals the electric current flowing through on leakage current regulating resistance R11 initiatively, if earth connection PE does not connect, after processor sends initiatively leakage current test signal (being optocoupler conducting), initiatively the upper no current of leakage current regulating resistance R11 produces.
Utilize protection ground detection of connectivity function; if protection ground is exact connect ion; when processor 145 output low levels are controlled 129 conducting of isolation optocoupler, if processor 145 can not collect the leakage current initiatively producing, exchange input phase line L and zero line N phase sequence connection error.
3, self-diagnostic function:
By protection ground detection of connectivity and leakage current test functional unit; initiatively leakage current can not be detected; or the active leakage current wave distortion detecting is abnormal, can judges protection and connect fault or phase sequence mistake or testing circuit and break down and send alarm signal.Testing circuit herein refers to 101 leakage current isolation sampling units, 102 detection of connectivity unit, protection ground, 103 accurate full-wave rectification amplifying units, 104 signal output units.By writing code to processor 145, regularly send initiatively leakage current test instruction, then processor 145 is analyzed contrast by the leakage current signal sampling, and whether make power supply connection or testing circuit has fault judgement.
Fig. 3 is the protective device of leakage current of the embodiment of the present invention oscillogram in testing process.As shown in the figure, curve 201 in Fig. 3 is leakage current test output current signal (the filtered leakage current signal of RC filter 141,142 in corresponding diagram 2), wherein curve 210 is actual leakage current and the active leakage current sum detecting, the active leakage current of curve 211 for detecting, the actual leakage current of curve 213 for detecting, curve 214 indicates without actual leakage current and active leakage current; Curve 202 is the more intense output waveform of hardware (comparator 140 output signals in corresponding diagram 1); when the leakage current detecting (comprising actual leakage current and active leakage current) is greater than the hardware protection threshold value of hardware protection threshold value divider resistance 138,139 settings; comparator 140 output low levels; further, by after latches, promote relay disconnecting consumers and alternating current input power supplying.
The protective device of leakage current of the embodiment of the present invention, can realize the isolation sampling of leakage current, and by accurate full-wave rectification amplifying circuit, accurately detect the size of leakage current; Can realize cascade protection by setting different software protection threshold value and hardware protection threshold value, reach double protection functions; And, utilize leakage current test functional loop, by active leakage current circuit for generating, realize protection ground detection of connectivity, guarantee protection reliable connection.Therefore, protective device of leakage current integrated protection of the present invention ground detection of connectivity and leakage current test function, can judge whether misconnection of alternating current input power supplying phase sequence by software, and not increase hardware and cost.
In the present invention, applied specific embodiment principle of the present invention and execution mode are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment is just for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof; , for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, all will change in specific embodiments and applications, in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention meanwhile.
Claims (7)
1. a protective device of leakage current, is characterized in that, comprises leakage current isolation sampling unit, detection of connectivity unit, protection ground, full-wave rectification amplifying unit, signal output unit and relay control unit; Wherein,
The leakage current signal that described leakage current isolation sampling unit produces for gathering external loading, and be sent to described full-wave rectification amplifying unit and carry out rectification amplification, described full-wave rectification amplifying unit is sent to described signal output unit and described relay control unit by the leakage current signal after over commutation amplifies;
Described signal output unit compares described leakage current and hardware protection threshold value, if surpass described hardware protection threshold value, control described relay control unit output protection signal, control relay action, disconnects described external loading from alternating current input power supplying;
Described relay control unit comprises processor, according to the size of leakage current described in described leakage current calculated signals, and compare with the software protection threshold value of described processor setting, if surpass described software protection threshold value, control described relay control unit output protection signal, control relay action, disconnects described external loading from alternating current input power supplying;
Detection of connectivity unit, described protection ground connects described relay control unit, processor in described relay control unit sends initiatively leakage current enabling signal, described active leakage current enabling signal is controlled optocoupler conducting, thereby be communicated with input AC phase line and protectiveness ground wire and produce initiatively leakage current, described active leakage current is through described leakage current isolation sampling unit, full-wave rectification amplifying unit and signal output unit are sent to the processor in described relay control unit, described processor is according to described active leakage current, whether detect protection ground connects and exchanges and input whether misconnection of phase sequence.
2. protective device of leakage current according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described leakage current isolation sampling unit comprises zero sequence current mutual inductor, protection diode and filter capacitor;
Wherein, described zero sequence current mutual inductor becomes described leakage current signal the isolation signal of telecommunication being directly proportional to described leakage current; described protection diode produces too high voltages for the large leakage current of clamper at precision operational-amplifier input port; protect described precision operational-amplifier by too high leakage current, not damaged, the high-frequency interferencing signal of described filter capacitor for superposeing in leakage current signal waveform described in filtering.
3. protective device of leakage current according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described full-wave rectification amplifying unit comprises signal rectification and amplifies with resistance, signal rectification and amplify with diode and signal rectification and amplification operational amplifier;
Described signal rectification and resistance for amplification, signal rectification and amplify with diode and signal rectification and amplify with operational amplifier and be used for described leakage current signal to carry out rectification amplification.
4. protective device of leakage current according to claim 1, is characterized in that, detection of connectivity unit, described protection ground comprises initiatively leakage current regulating resistance and isolation optocoupler;
Wherein, described isolation optocoupler, for input ac power and control circuit are isolated, makes forceful electric power and light current separately;
Described active leakage current regulating resistance is for regulating the size of described active leakage current.
5. protective device of leakage current according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described signal output unit comprises RC filter, hardware protection threshold value divider resistance and comparator;
Wherein, described RC filter is the high-frequency interferencing signal on the leakage current signal after described full-wave rectification amplifying unit rectification is amplified for filtering, described hardware protection threshold value divider resistance is used for providing hardware protection threshold level, the resistance of adjusting described hardware protection threshold value divider resistance can change described hardware protection threshold level, described comparator is for comparing leakage current signal and the described hardware protection threshold level after the rectification of full-wave rectification amplifying unit is amplified, when the leakage current signal after described full-wave rectification amplifying unit rectification is amplified surpasses described hardware protection threshold level, described comparator output level upset, output hardware protection signal, after latching, control the described actuating of relay.
6. protective device of leakage current according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described relay control unit comprises hardware protection output signal latch, relay drive circuit and described processor;
Wherein, described latch is for latching the hardware protection signal of described comparator output, and constant to maintain hardware protection state, described relay drive circuit is used for driving described relay; allow relay carry out protection instruction, so that load is excised from AC power.
7. protective device of leakage current according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the processor in described relay control unit is a single-chip microcomputer.
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| CN112366104A (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2021-02-12 | 原子动力公司 | Hybrid air gap and solid state circuit breaker |
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| CN106680651A (en) * | 2017-01-03 | 2017-05-17 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Leakage current detecting device and vehicle charging equipment |
| CN107272507B (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2020-06-19 | 苏州浪潮智能科技有限公司 | Device and method for linkage control of constant temperature and humidity cabinet and server power supply |
| CN107272507A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-10-20 | 郑州云海信息技术有限公司 | A kind of device and method of thermo-humidistat cabinet and server power supply coordinated signals |
| CN107592481A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2018-01-16 | 深圳创维－Rgb电子有限公司 | Intelligent control device and television set based on TV standby protection |
| CN110320431A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2019-10-11 | 西门子医疗有限公司 | Earthing effect monitor is isolated |
| WO2020108477A1 (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2020-06-04 | 杨卫珍 | Metal casing electrical product leakage alarming device having self-detection function |
| CN110571756A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-12-13 | 浙江大学 | low-power consumption anti-interference A-type leakage protector |
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