Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve the series connection of all kinds of AC power supply systems and DC power system in the prior art
Fault electric arc, parallel arc fault, human electric shock and electric power loop paradoxical discharge are difficult to the defect accurately detected, provide a kind of base
The fault arc detection method and its protective device calculated in difference solves the above problems.And overcurrent protection and exchange can be increased
The functions such as firewire earth leakage protection realize more complete power-supply system protection and warning function.
To achieve the goals above, technical scheme is as follows:
It is a kind of based on difference calculate fault arc detection method, including power end, load end, for detect power end electricity
The power end electrical signal detection unit of power numerical value and load end electrical signal detection unit for detecting load end electric power numerical value, institute
The fault arc detection method stated the following steps are included:
Confirm normal condition, power end electrical signal detection unit and load end electrical signal detection unit calculate separately out power supply
The normal condition value of electrical signals at end and the normal condition value of electrical signals of load end, and two values are carried out to seek difference operation, it obtains normal
State electric signal difference;
Monitoring runs and assumes malfunction, power end electrical signal detection unit and load end electrical signal detection unit difference
The malfunction value of electrical signals of power end and the malfunction value of electrical signals of load end are calculated, and two values are carried out to seek poor fortune
It calculates, obtains malfunction electric signal difference;
Normal condition electric signal difference is compared with malfunction electric signal difference, if exceeding given threshold, is sentenced
Determine fault electric arc presence.
Confirm normal condition, the power end electrical signal detection unit detects normal condition power supply terminal voltage value, described
Load end electrical signal detection unit detect normal condition load terminal voltage value, and calculate the normal shape of power end and load end
State voltage difference;
Monitoring runs and assumes malfunction, and power end electrical signal detection unit detects malfunction power supply terminal voltage value,
Load end electrical signal detection unit detects malfunction load terminal voltage value, and calculates the malfunction of power end and load end
Voltage difference;
Normal condition voltage difference is compared with malfunction voltage difference, exceeds given threshold, then determines failure
Electric arc exists.
Confirm normal condition, the power end electrical signal detection unit detects normal condition power end current value, described
Load end electrical signal detection unit detect normal condition load end current value, and calculate the normal shape of power end and load end
State current differential;
Monitoring runs and assumes malfunction, and power end electrical signal detection unit detects malfunction power end current value,
Load end electrical signal detection unit detects malfunction load end current value, and calculates the malfunction of power end and load end
Current differential;
To normal condition current differential compared with malfunction current differential, exceeds given threshold, then determine fault electric arc
In the presence of or occur human electric shock or electric power loop paradoxical discharge.
Confirm normal condition: the power supply calculated by power end electrical signal detection unit and load end electrical signal detection unit
The normal condition electric signal difference at end and load end exports normal condition impedance value;
Monitoring runs and assumes malfunction: by power end electrical signal detection unit and load end electrical signal detection unit
The power end of calculating and the malfunction electric signal difference of load end export malfunction impedance value;
To normal condition impedance value compared with malfunction impedance value, exceed given threshold, then judge fault electric arc exist,
Or human electric shock or electric power loop paradoxical discharge occurs.
The power end electrical signal detection unit detects power supply terminal voltage value, the load end electrical signal detection unit detection
Load terminal voltage value;Power supply terminal voltage value and load terminal voltage value in real time compared with, exceed given threshold, then determine that fault electric arc is deposited
?;Or power supply terminal voltage value with load terminal voltage value repeatedly compared with exceed given threshold, then be determined as malfunction.
The power end electrical signal detection unit detects power end current value, the load end electrical signal detection unit detection
Load end current value;Power end current value and load end current value in real time compared with, exceed given threshold, then determine that fault electric arc is deposited
, or human electric shock and electric power loop paradoxical discharge occurs;Or power end current value and load end current value repeatedly compared with exceed
Given threshold is then determined as malfunction.
The power end electrical signal detection unit detection power end current value and voltage value and phase difference, export power supply end resistance
Anti- value;The load end electrical signal detection unit detection load end current value and voltage value and phase difference, export load terminal impedance
Value;Power end impedance value and load end impedance value in real time compared with, exceed given threshold, then determine that malfunction exists;Or power supply
Terminal impedance value with load end impedance value repeatedly compared with exceed given threshold, then be determined as malfunction.
Fault electric arc exists or when human electric shock, turns off power end, disconnects load end or disconnects power end and load
The operation of end loop.
If the power end includes Ganlei's AC power source and DC power supply, generator, energy storage device, solar photovoltaic
Source and supply convertor;If load end includes Ganlei's supply convertor, energy storage device and load device.
Power end electrical signal detection unit detects between power end voltage and current values, or detection power end and load end
Voltage and current values at any node;Load end electrical signal detection unit detects load terminal voltage value and current value, or inspection
Survey the voltage and current values between load end and power end at any node.
When power end is that multiple power supplys are connected, the voltage and current values of each power supply are detected respectively, or directly detect
The voltage and current values of total series-connection power supplies;When load end is multiple load in series, the voltage value of each load is detected respectively
And current value, or directly detect the voltage and current values of total series load.
Power end electrical signal detection unit and load end electrical signal detection unit are integrated in a device, or are encapsulated in
In two independent devices, or with power supply end device it is integrated with load end device it is integrated or with other devices it is integrated.
Power end electrical signal detection unit is inserted directly between power end and load end, or with the electricity of cable connection power end
The detection node of pressure value and current value;Load end electrical signal detection unit is inserted directly between load end and power end or electricity consumption
Cable connects the detection node of the voltage and current values of load end.
When power end electrical signal detection unit and load end electrical signal detection unit are independent device, it is in communication with each other mode
For communication cable connection communication, power line carrier communication, radio communication, infrared communication, optic communication, photoelectric coupling communication or
Undesirable mutual electromagnetic inductance communication.
Fault electric arc exists or when human electric shock, disconnects power end or disconnects load end or disconnect power end and load end
Circuit;Disconnection protection device be breaker, relay, contactor, electronic switch, parallel connection electronic switch or mechanical switch.
When power end electrical signal detection unit and power supply end device are integrated, using the device of power supply end device complete detection and
The function of protection.
When load end electrical signal detection unit and load end device integrated, using the device of load end device complete detection and
The function of protection.
Beneficial effect
A kind of fault arc detection method and its protective device based on difference calculating of the invention, compared with prior art
Realize the series fault arc, parallel arc fault, human body for effectively detecting all kinds of AC power supply systems and DC power system
Electric shock and electric power loop paradoxical discharge etc..And the functions such as overcurrent protection and exchange firewire earth leakage protection can be increased, it realizes more
Add complete power-supply system protection and warning function.It can be used for detecting serial arc, parallel arc, human electric shock, abnormity of power supply
The device and technology of the detection of electric discharge and protection.
Specific embodiment
The effect of to make to structure feature of the invention and being reached, has a better understanding and awareness, to preferable
Examples and drawings cooperation detailed description, is described as follows:
The present invention is based on arc regions there are cathode drop and lonely column pressure drop and anode drop, and parallel arc fault and human body touch
The phenomenon that electricity and electric power loop paradoxical discharge will lead to power end current value and load end current value there are differences, detects to connect
The failures such as fault electric arc and parallel arc fault and human electric shock and electric power loop paradoxical discharge.
There are following 6 kinds (to can be used alone or appoint as shown in Figure 1, difference calculates fault electric arc and the method for human electric shock
Meaning is applied in combination):
1, the power end electrical signal detection unit 3 detects 1 voltage value of power end;The load end electrical signal detection unit
4 detection 2 voltage values of load end.The normal condition for confirming power-supply system calculates the normal condition electricity of power end 1 and load end 2
Pressure difference;The monitoring of power-supply system is run, and calculates power end 1 in real time and the voltage difference of load end 2 is poor as monitoring voltage
Value.Normal condition voltage difference and monitoring voltage difference comparsion exceed given threshold, then determine that fault electric arc exists.Or it is normal
Of-state voltage difference and monitoring voltage difference repeatedly compared with beyond given threshold, then be determined as fault electric arc state.
2, the power end electrical signal detection unit 3 detects 1 current value of power end;The load end electrical signal detection unit
4 detection 2 current values of load end.The normal condition for confirming power-supply system calculates the normal condition electricity of power end 1 and load end 2
Flow difference;The monitoring of power-supply system is run, and calculates power end 1 in real time and the current differential of load end 2 is poor as monitoring current
Value.Normal condition current differential and monitoring current difference comparsion exceed given threshold, then determine that parallel arc fault 14 exists,
Or human electric shock and electric power loop paradoxical discharge occurs.Or normal condition current differential and monitoring current difference repeatedly compared with exceed
Given threshold is then determined as malfunction.
3, the power end electrical signal detection unit 3 detects 1 current value of power end and voltage value and phase difference;The load
Electrical signal detection unit 4 is held to detect 2 current value of load end and voltage value and phase difference.Confirm the normal condition of power-supply system, meter
The normal condition electric signal difference for calculating power end 1 and load end 2, exports the normal condition impedance value of electric power loop;Power-supply system
Monitoring operation, calculate the electric signal difference of power end 1 Yu load end 2 in real time, export the monitoring impedance value of electric power loop.Just
Normal state impedance value exceeds given threshold compared with monitoring impedance value, then judges that malfunction exists.Or normal condition impedance value
Beyond given threshold compared with monitoring impedance value repeatedly, then it is determined as malfunction.
4, the power end electrical signal detection unit 3 detects 1 voltage value of power end;The load end electrical signal detection unit
4 detection 2 voltage values of load end.Power supply terminal voltage value and load terminal voltage value in real time compared with, exceed given threshold, then determine failure
Electric arc exists.Or power supply terminal voltage value and load terminal voltage value repeatedly compared with beyond given threshold, then be determined as malfunction.
5, the power end electrical signal detection unit 3 detects 1 current value of power end;The load end electrical signal detection unit
4 detection 2 current values of load end.Power end current value and load end current value in real time compared with, exceed given threshold, then determine failure
Electric arc exists, or human electric shock and electric power loop paradoxical discharge occurs.Or power end current value repeatedly compares with load end current value
Relatively exceed given threshold, is then determined as malfunction.
6, the power end electrical signal detection unit 3 detects 1 current value of power end and voltage value and phase difference, exports power supply
Terminal impedance value;The load end electrical signal detection unit 4 detects 2 current value of load end and voltage value and phase difference, export load
Terminal impedance value.Power end impedance value and load end impedance value in real time compared with, exceed given threshold, then determine that malfunction exists.
Or power end impedance value and load end impedance value repeatedly compared with beyond given threshold, then be determined as malfunction.
The normal condition of confirmation power-supply system has manual confirmation and automatically confirms that both of which: manual confirmation is to pass through key
Or the modes such as system program software confirm.Automatically confirm that it is by determining whether power end 1 and the voltage difference of load end 2 exceed
Given threshold;Or determine whether the current differential of power end 1 and load end 2 exceeds given threshold;Or determine power end 1 and load
The mode whether impedance differences at end 2 exceed given threshold confirms.Manual confirmation mode and automatically confirm that mode can be used in combination
Or one way in which is used alone.
The electric current and voltage of real-time monitoring power end 1 and load end 2 and impedance are, it can be achieved that power-supply system is closed from starting to
Overall process monitoring and control.And first confirm power end 1 and 2 normal condition of load end voltage and current and impedance difference simultaneously
Storage can accurately quickly compared with calculating power end and the voltage and current of load end and the difference of impedance in real time and giving
Detect fault electric arc and the human electric shock of power-supply system.Two kinds of detection modes are applied in combination: before confirming normal condition, in real time
The electric current and voltage and the difference of impedance for monitoring power end 1 and load end 2 change, and when failure issues fault-signal and starting is protected
Shield;After confirming normal condition, system will be accelerated to the detection acknowledging time of malfunction and improve Detection accuracy.
Detection unit and device can add fault test key.
Detection unit and device can add failure reset key.
It is restarted for system after avoiding malfunction from protecting, detection unit and device need manually to restart or system software
Control is restarted.
Power end 1 includes all kinds of AC power sources and DC power supply, generator, energy storage device, solar photovoltaic power, power supply
Converter etc.;Load end 2 includes all kinds of supply convertors, energy storage device, load device etc..
Power end electrical signal detection unit 3 detects 1 voltage and current values of power end, or detection power end 1 and load end 2
Between voltage and current values at any node;Load end electrical signal detection unit 4 detects 2 voltage value of load end and electric current
Voltage and current values between value, or detection load end 2 and power end 1 at any node.
When power end 1 is that multiple power supplys are connected: detecting each electricity respectively by multiple power end electrical signal detection units 3
The voltage and current values in source, serial communication between power end electrical signal detection unit 3, then communicated with other devices;Or pass through
Power end electrical signal detection unit 3 directly detects the voltage and current values of total series-connection power supplies.
When load end 2 is that multiple power supplys are connected: being detected respectively by multiple load end electrical signal detection units 4 each negative
The voltage and current values of load, serial communication between load end electrical signal detection unit 4, then communicated with other devices;Or pass through
Load end electrical signal detection unit 4 directly detects the voltage and current values of total series load.
Power end electrical signal detection unit 3 and load end electrical signal detection unit 4 can integrate a device or two
Independent device integrates with power supply end device or integrates with load end device or integrate with other devices.
Power end electrical signal detection unit 3 can with photovoltaic component terminal box or accumulators collection at;Load end electrical signal detection
Unit 4 can be integrated with inverter or frequency converter.
Power end electrical signal detection unit 3 is inserted directly between power end and load end, or with cable connection power end
The detection node of voltage and current values;Load end electrical signal detection unit 4 is inserted directly between load end and power end, or is used
The detection node of the voltage and current values of cable connection load end.
When power end electrical signal detection unit 3 and load end electrical signal detection unit 4 are independent device, the side of being in communication with each other
Formula includes that communication cable connection communication, power line carrier communication, radio communication, infrared communication, optic communication, photoelectric coupling are logical
Letter, undesirable mutual electromagnetic inductance communication etc..
Fault electric arc exists or when human electric shock, disconnects power end 1 or disconnects the circuit of power end 1 and load end 2;It can break
The protection device opened includes breaker, relay, contactor, electronic switch, the electronic switch of parallel connection and mechanical switch etc.;Concurrently
Be out of order information.
When power end electrical signal detection unit 3 and integrated power supply end device, the device that can use power supply end device is completed
The function of detection and protection.
When load end electrical signal detection unit 4 and integrated load end device, the device that can use load end device is completed
The function of detection and protection.
Power end electrical signal detection unit 3 and load end electrical signal detection unit 4 are passed using current sensor 7 and voltage
Sensor 6 detects the electric signals such as electric current and voltage.Electric signal is transmitted and is handled by microprocessor 5.
The bulk resistor of resistance, mutual inductor, Hall sensor, component may be selected in current sensor 7 and voltage sensor 6
Deng.
Case study on implementation of the invention is as follows:
1, power end electrical signal detection device
Fault electric arc detection technique and electric shock detection technique as shown in Figure 2 and protection, including power end 1, microprocessor
5, voltage sensor 6, current sensor 7, telecommunication circuit 8, power circuit 9.The interface circuit and voltage sensor of microprocessor 5
6 and current sensor 7 connect, detect the electric signals such as the voltage and current of power end 1, sent out electric signal by telecommunication circuit 9
Give load end electrical signal detection device.Power circuit 9 provides the working power needed to devices such as microprocessors 5.
When power end electrical signal detection device is such as designed to defencive function, examined with the load end electric signal received
The electric signal for surveying device is compared, and then judges that fault electric arc exists higher than given threshold.The control of microprocessor 5 protection when failure
The circuit of device disconnection fault electric arc;Or issue the shutdown of signal control power supply end device.
13 detection voltages of series fault arc, it is different with electric power loop when not needing parallel arc fault 14 and human electric shock
When normal discharge examination function, it may be selected not needing current detecting component.Parallel arc fault 14 and human electric shock and power supply return
Road paradoxical discharge needs to detect voltage and current.
There are two types of connection types: plug-in type has power supply end interface and load end interface.Cable type is connected by measurement cable 11
Connect measuring node.
Communication mode: including communication cable connection communication, power line carrier communication, radio communication, infrared communication, light
The modes such as communication, undesirable mutual electromagnetic inductance communication.
Protected mode: can disconnect protection device 12 include breaker, relay, contactor, electronic switch, parallel connection electricity
Sub switch and mechanical switch etc.;And issue fault message.
Voltage and current sensor may be selected: resistance, mutual inductor, Hall sensor, bulk resistor of component etc..
2, load end electrical signal detection device
Fault electric arc detection technique and electric shock detection technique as shown in Figure 3 and protection, including power end 1, microprocessor
5, voltage sensor 6, current sensor 7, telecommunication circuit 8, power circuit 9.The interface circuit and voltage sensor of microprocessor 5
6 and current sensor 7 connect, detect the electric signals such as the voltage and current of load end 2, sent out electric signal by telecommunication circuit 8
Give power end electrical signal detection device.Power circuit 9 provides the working power needed to devices such as microprocessors 5.
When load end electrical signal detection device is such as designed to defencive function, examined with the power end electric signal received
The electric signal for surveying device is compared, and then judges that fault electric arc exists higher than given threshold.The control of microprocessor 5 protection when failure
The circuit of the disconnection fault electric arc of device 12;Or issue signal control load end device shutdown.
When load is battery, load end electrical signal detection device and charger communication compare electric signal difference, judgement
Fault electric arc disconnects the circuit of fault electric arc with the presence or absence of protection device is then controlled if any fault electric arc;Or issue signal control
Charger shutdown.
13 detection voltages of series fault arc, it is different with electric power loop when not needing parallel arc fault 14 and human electric shock
When normal discharge examination function, it may be selected not needing current detecting component.Parallel arc fault 14 and human electric shock and power supply return
Road paradoxical discharge needs to detect voltage and current.
There are two types of connection types: plug-in type has power supply end interface and load end interface.Cable type passes through measurement cable connection
Measuring node.
Communication mode: including communication cable connection communication, power line carrier communication, radio communication, infrared communication, light
The modes such as communication, undesirable mutual electromagnetic inductance communication.
Protected mode: can disconnect protection device 12 include breaker, relay, contactor, electronic switch, parallel connection electricity
Sub switch and mechanical switch etc.;And issue fault message.
Voltage and current sensor may be selected: resistance, mutual inductor, Hall sensor, bulk resistor of component etc..
3, integrated power end electrical signal detection device and load end electrical signal detection device
Fault electric arc detection technique and electric shock detection technique as shown in Figure 4 and protection, including power end 1, microprocessor
5, two-way voltage sensor 6, two-way current sensor 7, power circuit 9.The interface circuit and voltage sensor 6 of microprocessor 5
It is connected with current sensor 7, detects that the electric signals such as the voltage and current of power end 1 and load end 2, power circuit 9 are given respectively
The equal devices of microprocessor 5 provide the working power needed.Load end electric signal is compared with power end electric signal, is higher than setting
Threshold value then judges that fault electric arc exists.The control of microprocessor 5 protection device 12 disconnects the circuit of fault electric arc in the event of failure;Or hair
Signal control load end device shutdown out;Or issue the shutdown of signal control power supply end device.
The device of unprotect function, microprocessor 5 issues alarm control signal when failure, and sends protection control to outside
Signal.
There are two types of connection types: plug-in type has power supply end interface and load end interface, and another measuring node passes through measurement electricity
Cable connection.The measuring node that cable type is separately connected power end 1 and load end 2 by measuring cable.
13 detection voltages of series fault arc, it is different with electric power loop when not needing parallel arc fault 12 and human electric shock
When normal discharge examination function, it may be selected not needing current detecting component.Parallel arc fault 12 and human electric shock and power supply return
Road paradoxical discharge needs to detect voltage and current.
Communication mode: including communication cable connection communication, power line carrier communication, radio communication, infrared communication, light
The modes such as communication, undesirable mutual electromagnetic inductance communication.
Protected mode: can disconnect protection device 14 include breaker, relay, contactor, electronic switch, parallel connection electricity
Sub switch and mechanical switch etc.;And issue fault message.
Voltage and current sensor may be selected: resistance, mutual inductor, Hall sensor, bulk resistor of component etc..
4, concatenated power end electrical signal detection device
Fault electric arc detection technique as shown in Figure 5 and electric shock detection technique and protection, including it is concatenated power end 1, micro-
Processor 5, voltage sensor 6, current sensor 7, telecommunication circuit 8, power circuit 9.The interface circuit and voltage of microprocessor 5
Sensor 6 and current sensor 7 connect, and detect the electric signals such as the voltage and current at corresponding power end 1.Pass through telecommunication circuit 8
Electric signal is sent to adjacent power end electrical signal detection device;Or it is sent to load end electrical signal detection device.Power supply electricity
Road provides the working power needed to the equal devices of microprocessor 5.
When power end electrical signal detection device is such as designed to defencive function, compared with the electric signal received
Compared with, then judge higher than given threshold fault electric arc exist.The control of microprocessor 5 protection device 12 disconnects fault electric arc when failure
Circuit;Or issue signal control load end device shutdown.
Concatenated power end 1 photovoltaic module in this way, then power end electrical signal detection device may be selected to be embedded into photovoltaic module
Terminal box in;Load end electrical signal detection device may be selected to be embedded into inverter.
The battery of concatenated power end 1 electric car in this way, then load end electrical signal detection device may be selected to be embedded into
In frequency converter.
13 detection voltages of series fault arc, it is different with electric power loop when not needing parallel arc fault 14 and human electric shock
When normal discharge examination function, it may be selected not needing current detecting component.Parallel arc fault 14 and human electric shock and power supply return
Road paradoxical discharge needs to detect voltage and current.
There are two types of connection types: plug-in type has power supply end interface.Cable type passes through measurement cable connection measuring node.
Communication mode: including communication cable connection communication, power line carrier communication, radio communication, infrared communication, light
The modes such as communication, undesirable mutual electromagnetic inductance communication.
Protected mode: can disconnect protection device 12 include breaker, relay, contactor, electronic switch, parallel connection electricity
Sub switch and mechanical switch etc.;And issue fault message.
Voltage and current sensor may be selected: resistance, mutual inductor, Hall sensor, bulk resistor of component etc..
5, concatenated load end electrical signal detection device
Fault electric arc detection technique as shown in FIG. 6 and electric shock detection technique and protection, including it is concatenated load end 2, micro-
Processor 5, voltage sensor 6, current sensor 7, telecommunication circuit 8, power circuit 9.The interface circuit and voltage of microprocessor 5
Sensor 6 and current sensor 7 connect, and detect the electric signals such as the voltage and current of corresponding load end 2;Pass through telecommunication circuit 7
Electric signal is sent to adjacent load end electrical signal detection device, or is sent to power end electrical signal detection device.Power supply electricity
Road provides the working power needed to the equal devices of microprocessor 5.
When load end electrical signal detection device is such as designed to defencive function, compared with the electric signal received
Compared with, then judge higher than given threshold fault electric arc exist.The control of microprocessor 5 protection device 12 disconnects fault electric arc when failure
Circuit;Or issue the shutdown of signal control power supply end device.
13 detection voltages of series fault arc, it is different with electric power loop when not needing parallel arc fault 14 and human electric shock
When normal discharge examination function, it may be selected not needing current detecting component.Parallel arc fault 14 and human electric shock and power supply return
Road paradoxical discharge needs to detect voltage and current.
There are two types of connection types: plug-in type has load end interface.Cable type passes through measurement cable connection measuring node.
Communication mode: including communication cable connection communication, power line carrier communication, radio communication, infrared communication, light
The modes such as communication, undesirable mutual electromagnetic inductance communication.
Protected mode: can disconnect protection device 12 include breaker, relay, contactor, electronic switch, parallel connection electricity
Sub switch and mechanical switch etc.;And issue fault message.
Voltage and current sensor may be selected: resistance, mutual inductor, Hall sensor, bulk resistor of component etc..
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and what is described in the above embodiment and the description is only the present invention
Principle, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, these variation and
Improvement is both fallen in the range of claimed invention.The present invention claims protection scope by appended claims and its
Equivalent defines.