CN103541675B - A kind of well cementation flushing liquor evaluating apparatus based on shear rate principle and method - Google Patents
A kind of well cementation flushing liquor evaluating apparatus based on shear rate principle and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of well cementation flushing liquor evaluating apparatus based on shear rate principle and method, this device is primarily of artificial core or steel column, urceolus, crossover sub, transmission device, motor, framework, Support tray, slurry cup composition, framework there are Support tray and motor, Support tray is placed the slurry cup that flushing liquor is housed, artificial core or steel column, urceolus is all in the flushing liquor in slurry cup, artificial core or steel column are fixed on framework by crossover sub, urceolus is connected with motor by transmission device, urceolus has two rows for the circular hole of flushing liquor flowing, each row circular hole be spaced apart 90 °.The present invention utilizes artificial core or steel column to simulate the borehole wall under static state and sleeve pipe, actual closer to engineering, there is simple to operate, comparative feature strong, applied widely, the flush efficiency of flushing liquor to first, second interface of well cementation can be recorded respectively, and according to flush efficiency and the preferred flushing liquor system of washing time and design flushing liquor use amount, there are wide market prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates in oil exploration and development fields drilling engineering evaluating apparatus and the method for flushing liquor flush efficiency of cementing the well.
Background technology
In well cementing process, casing wall adhere to drilling fluid and the borehole wall on drilling fluid dehydration formed mud cake will directly affect the bonding quality of Behavior of Hardened Cement Paste and sleeve pipe and the borehole wall.In order to improve well cementation bonding quality and extend the oil well life-span, need to remove the drilling fluid on casing wall and the drilling fluid mud cake on the borehole wall.For this problem, before well cementing operation, need to inject a certain amount of flushing liquor casing wall and the borehole wall are rinsed, peel off wall cake, improve well cementation interface, for cement paste and well cementation the well cementing of interface create conditions.Through years development, the research both at home and abroad in well cementation flushing liquor achieves very much progress, but does not form unified evaluation means yet for the flush efficiency evaluation aspect of flushing liquor.
Through finding the literature search of existing well cementation flushing liquor evaluating apparatus, Chinese utility model patent " well cementation flushing liquor flush efficiency quantitative simulation evaluating apparatus " (CN203161216U), this patent is according to the relation between rotation viscometer principle medium speed and wall shear rate, by the rotating speed of adjusting device, reading pointer reading, the wall shear stress of cylindrical shaft wall and the wall shear stress of down-hole annular are close, and under this rotating speed, evaluate the flush efficiency of flushing liquor to cylindrical shaft wall.This device simulates static casing wall or the borehole wall with the urceolus that viscometer rotates, and there is the impact of rotary centrifugal force and can not simulate the problem that artificial core forms mud cake, and measuring process is more loaded down with trivial details.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of well cementation flushing liquor evaluating apparatus based on shear rate principle, this device is based on artificial core or the steel column wall principle equal with the shear rate of well cementation annular space wall, artificial core or steel column is utilized to simulate the borehole wall under static state and sleeve pipe, actual closer to engineering, there is simple to operate, comparative feature strong, applied widely, overcome the deficiency existed in flushing liquor developing result Simulation evaluation.
Another object of the present invention is also to provide the method utilizing the flush efficiency of said apparatus to well cementation flushing liquor to evaluate, the method principle is reliable, easy and simple to handle, the flush efficiency of flushing liquor to first, second interface of well cementation can be recorded respectively, and can preferably flushing liquor system and design flushing liquor use amount according to flush efficiency and washing time, there are wide market prospects.
For reaching above technical purpose, the invention provides following technical scheme.
The present invention is based on the principle that artificial core or steel column wall are equal with the shear rate of well cementation annular space wall, with the static permeability artificial core simulation borehole wall, with static steel column analog casing, combination well cementation casing programme and annular space return speed simultaneously, more true, reliable to the evaluation of the flush efficiency of flushing liquor in well cementing process.
Based on a well cementation flushing liquor evaluating apparatus for shear rate principle, primarily of artificial core or steel column, urceolus, crossover sub, transmission device, motor, framework, Support tray, slurry cup composition.
The described framework being positioned on base has can the Support tray of free adjustment height and motor, described Support tray is placed the slurry cup that flushing liquor is housed, described artificial core or steel column, urceolus are all in the flushing liquor in slurry cup, described artificial core or steel column are fixed on framework by crossover sub, described urceolus is connected with motor by transmission device, described motor is connected with speed regulator, regulates the rotating speed of urceolus.
This device artificial core or steel column simulate the borehole wall or sleeve pipe, and urceolus is rotated by driven by motor, is washed away static artificial core or steel column by the flushing liquor that rotarily drives of urceolus.Regulate the rotating speed of urceolus by speed regulator, utilize the change of rotating speed to obtain different shear rates, namely by the change of urceolus rotating speed make artificial core or steel column wall shear rate equal with annular space wall shear rate of cementing the well.
Described urceolus have two rows for flushing liquors flowing circular hole, each row circular hole be spaced apart 90 °.
Described Support tray can regulate the mud cake or clay coating top that highly make flushing liquor liquid level in slurry cup completely artificial core or steel column are not formed.
Utilize the method for this device evaluating cementing flushing liquor, in drilling fluid, form mud cake simulated formation mud cake by artificial core, or steel column adheres to the situation that clay coating analog casing adheres to drilling fluid in drilling fluid, weigh and have the artificial core of mud cake or have the steel column of clay coating rinsing the quality before and after certain hour, and artificial core without mud cake or steel column without quality during clay coating, to rinse in certain hour the flush efficiency of percentage quantitative description well cementation flushing liquor formation mud cake or the sleeve pipe clay coating rinsing out mud cake or clay coating.
The present invention's flush efficiency at steel column simulation well cementation first interface, by the flush efficiency of artificial core simulation well cementation second contact surface.
Described urceolus is rotated by driven by motor, and regulates its rotating speed by speed regulator, obtains different shear rates, and the derivation of urceolus rotating speed R is as follows:
On average speed is returned according to the casing programme of well cementation and annular space, the shear rate of its well annular space wall is calculated as follows (Huang Yiren. be applicable to Robertson one Si Difu pattern [J] of drilling fluid. Southwest Petroleum Institute journal, 1982(2): 16):
In formula: γ
1for wall place shear rate, s
-1v is that annular space on average returns speed, m/s; D is borehole diameter, m; D is sleeve outer, m.
Rotate according to conventional urceolus, when inner core is static, the shear rate of inner core outer surface meets following formula (Liu Chongjian, Ding Yuanning. how to use the rheological property [J] of rotary viscometer Accurate Determining non-newtonian liquid. Southwest Petroleum Institute, 1979(1): 67), being calculated as follows of apparatus of the present invention inner tank theca shear rate:
In formula: γ
0for rock core or steel column outer surface shear rate, s
-1r is urceolus rotating speed, r/min; D
0for urceolus internal diameter, m; d
0for rock core or steel column external diameter, m.
According to the design principle γ of apparatus of the present invention
0=γ
1, urceolus rotating speed R of the present invention is asked for by following formula:
Described flush efficiency F(%) calculate by (2) formula:
In formula: G
1for the quality of steel column after artificial core after formation mud cake or adhesion clay coating, g;
G
2for artificial core after formation mud cake or the quality after adhering to clay coating after steel column flushing certain hour, g;
G
3for rinsing the quality of the artificial core washing away surface residual mud cake after certain hour again or the steel column washing away surface residual clay coating, g.
When two or more flushing liquor quality of described evaluation and the good flushing liquor of selection, only can select one of steel column or artificial core, use same drilling fluid, when simulating identical flushing and returning speed, evaluate the flush efficiency of each flushing liquor respectively.Flush efficiency is better higher, is first-selected flushing liquor; Otherwise lower poorer of flush efficiency, not as selecting object.
Described flushing liquor consumption N(r/min) calculate by (3) formula:
N＝l5π(D
2-d
2)Vt（3）
In formula: t uses selected flushing liquor under the condition of simulation rotating speed R, and the flush efficiency of artificial core or steel column reaches the time required for 100%, min.
Utilize the well cementation flushing liquor evaluating apparatus based on shear rate principle to evaluate the method for flushing liquor, comprise the following steps successively:
(1) on average return speed according to the casing programme at scene and annular space, obtain the shear rate of annular space wall, urceolus rotating speed R corresponding when calculating equal with this shear rate or close by following formula:
(2) artificial core or steel column are placed in drilling fluid, after artificial core outer wall being formed mud cake or steel column adhere to drilling fluid clay coating, weigh the artificial core that forms mud cake or the quality G of steel column after being stained with clay coating
1;
(3) according to the flushing fluid of cementing operation design, on average return after rotating speed corresponding to speed wash away artificial core or steel column certain hour with flushing liquor with annular space, weigh the quality G of artificial core or steel column
2;
(4) the surperficial mud cake of artificial core after flushing or the clay coating on steel column surface are washed to the greatest extent, weigh the quality G of artificial core or steel column
3;
(5) the flush efficiency F of flushing liquor is calculated by following formula:
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) the static permeability artificial core simulated formation of the present invention, with static steel column analog casing, and combines well cementation casing programme and annular space returns speed, evaluates the flush efficiency of flushing liquor to well cementation first interface and second contact surface respectively, evaluate closer to engineering actual;
(2) the present invention utilizes the principle that artificial core or steel column wall are equal with well cementation annular space wall place shear rate, does not relate to rheological parameter and the reheology model of fluid, scientific in principle, easy and simple to handle;
(3) the present invention is comparative strong, easy and simple to handle, applied widely, can not only evaluate the flush efficiency of flushing liquor, also can optimize flushing liquor system and design flushing liquor use amount according to flush efficiency and washing time, have broad application prospects.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention.
In figure: 1-artificial core or steel column, 2-urceolus, 3-crossover sub, 4-transmission device, 5-speed regulator, 6-motor, 7-framework, 8-base, 9-Support tray, 10-slurry cup.
Fig. 2 is the generalized section of urceolus.
In figure: 11-M40 screw thread, 12-groove, 13-circular hole.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
See Fig. 1.
Based on a well cementation flushing liquor evaluating apparatus for shear rate principle, form primarily of artificial core or steel column 1, urceolus 2, crossover sub 3, transmission device 4, motor 6, framework 7, Support tray 9, slurry cup 10.
The described framework 7 being positioned on base 8 has can the Support tray 9 of free adjustment height and motor 6, described Support tray is placed the slurry cup 10 that flushing liquor is housed, described artificial core or steel column 1, urceolus 2 are all in the flushing liquor in slurry cup, described artificial core or steel column are fixed on framework by crossover sub 3, described urceolus is connected with motor by transmission device 4, described motor is connected with speed regulator 5, regulates the rotating speed of urceolus.
Described urceolus have two rows for flushing liquors flowing circular hole, each row circular hole be spaced apart 90 °.
Fixing artificial core or steel column 1 is utilized to simulate the borehole wall under static state or sleeve pipe, washed away the static borehole wall or sleeve pipe by the flushing liquor that rotarily drives of urceolus 2, therefore the height of Support tray should be adjusted to the mud cake or clay coating top that flushing liquor liquid level in slurry cup completely artificial core or steel column are not formed.
The simulation artificial core of the borehole wall or the steel column diameter of analog casing are 25.00mm, and height is 40.00mm; The internal diameter of urceolus is 27.60mm, wall thickness 2.00mm, and height is 83.90mm.
See Fig. 2.
Urceolus is connected with transmission device by screw thread 11, and urceolus has a groove 12 apart from 60.0mm place, its bottom, and around urceolus, have two row's diameters to be the circular hole 13 of 3.0mm below close groove, center of circular hole is respectively apart from groove 3.0mm and 9.0mm, and circular hole is spaced apart 90 °.
Embodiment 1 flushing liquor is to the flush efficiency test experiments of the borehole wall or sleeve pipe
(1) enter external diameter 139.70mm sleeve pipe under diameter 215.90mm well, on average return speed with the annular space of 0.5m/s and replace drilling fluid, when using flushing liquor A to rinse 8min, evaluate the flush efficiency during flushing 8min of flushing liquor A to the borehole wall.
The first step, the rotating speed calculating needs by (1) formula is 67.5r/min.Second step, is arranged on artificial core on device of the present invention, after urceolus rotates 30min formation mud cake with the rotating speed of 67.5r/min in drilling fluid, takes off the rock core forming drilling fluid mud cake and is weighed as 56.86g.3rd step, reinstalls device of the present invention by the rock core forming mud cake, replaces drilling fluid, rotate 8min, take off the rock core after flushing and be weighed as 49.43g with same rotating speed (67.5r/min) with flushing liquor A to be evaluated.4th step, washes the mud cake of the core surface after flushing to the greatest extent and is weighed as 48.52g.5th step, calculating by flush efficiency during artificial core simulation borehole wall use flushing liquor A flushing 8min by (2) formula is 89.09%.
(2) enter external diameter 139.70mm sleeve pipe under diameter 215.90mm well, on average return speed with the annular space of 1.5m/s and replace drilling fluid, when using flushing liquor B to rinse 10min, evaluate flushing liquor B to the flush efficiency of sleeve pipe.
The first step, the rotating speed calculating needs by (1) formula is 202.5r/min.Second step, is arranged on steel column on device of the present invention, after urceolus rotates 30min formation clay coating with the rotating speed of 202.5r/min in drilling fluid, takes off the steel column forming drilling fluid clay coating and is weighed as 144.31g.3rd step, reinstalls device of the present invention by the steel column forming clay coating, replaces drilling fluid, rotate 6min, take off the steel column after flushing and be weighed as 140.13g with same rotating speed (202.5r/min) with flushing liquor B to be evaluated.4th step, washes the clay coating on the steel column surface after flushing to the greatest extent and is weighed as 139.33g.5th step, the flush efficiency calculated with steel column analog casing uses flushing liquor B to rinse 6min by (2) formula is 83.94%.
Embodiment 2 flushing liquor system or formula optimization experiment
Enter external diameter 139.70mm sleeve pipe under diameter 215.90mm well, on average return speed replace drilling fluid with the annular space of 1.2m/s, the developing result evaluating flushing liquor A, B and C is good and bad to select flushing liquor.
When evaluating multiple flushing liquor good and bad, the size of the flush efficiency of one of both available steel column or artificial core analog casing or the borehole wall.This example uses steel column to evaluate.
The first step, the rotating speed calculating needs by (1) formula is 162.0r/min.Second step, is arranged on steel column on device of the present invention, after urceolus rotates 30min formation clay coating with the rotating speed of 162.0r/min in drilling fluid, takes off the steel column adhering to drilling fluid clay coating and is weighed as 146.23g.3rd step, reinstalls device of the present invention by the steel column forming clay coating, replaces drilling fluid, rotate 5min, take off the steel column after flushing and be weighed as 141.53g with same rotating speed (162.0r/min) with flushing liquor A to be evaluated.4th step, washes the clay coating on the steel column surface after flushing to the greatest extent and is weighed as 139.31g.5th step, the flush efficiency calculated with steel column analog casing uses flushing liquor A to rinse 5min by (2) formula is 67.92%.
Repeat above-mentioned second step to the 5th step, flushing liquor replaces with B and C respectively, record the steel column adhering to clay coating and be respectively 146.54g and 145.92g, after rinsing 5min, the quality of steel column is respectively 140.64g and 139.96g, steel column of weighing after washing most clay coating is 139.35g, and the flush efficiency calculating flushing liquor B and C is respectively 54.24% and 90.72%.
From above-mentioned evaluation result, flushing liquor A, B and C, to same drilling fluid, when identical flushing speed and time, flush efficiency is respectively 67.92%, 54.24% and 90.72%.Therefore, the relative flush efficiency of flushing liquor C is the highest, when not considering other factors, should select flushing liquor C.
Implement 3 flushing liquor consumption designs
To enter external diameter 139.70mm sleeve pipe under diameter 215.90mm well, on average return speed with the annular space of 0.8m/s and 1.2m/s respectively and replace drilling fluid M, design the reasonable volume of these the two kinds S of flushing liquor when returning speed.
The first step, calculating by (1) formula the rotating speed needed when returning fast 0.8m/s and 1.2m/s is respectively 108.0r/min and 162.0r/min respectively.Second step, is arranged on artificial core on device of the present invention, after urceolus rotates 30min formation mud cake with the rotating speed of 108.0r/min in drilling fluid, takes off the rock core forming drilling fluid mud cake and is weighed as 145.78g.3rd step, the rock core forming mud cake is reinstalled device of the present invention, drilling fluid is replaced with flushing liquor S to be evaluated, certain hour is rinsed until take off the rock core after flushing when weighing close to quality without mud cake with same rotating speed (108.0r/min), record its quality, washing time is now considered as the washing time that flush efficiency reaches 100%.The core quality of this example when simulating flushing 12.5min after flushing is 139.53g.4th step, washes the clay coating of the core surface after flushing to the greatest extent and is weighed as 139.32g.5th step, the flush efficiency calculated with the rock core simulation borehole wall uses flushing liquor S to rinse 12.5min by (2) formula is 96.75%, close to 100%, can be considered that the borehole wall is rinsed well.6th step, calculates by (3) formula and replaces drilling fluid with the speed of returning of 0.8m/s, need the amount using flushing liquor S to be 12.8.
Repeat the above-mentioned second to the 6th step, replace drilling fluid with the speed of returning of 1.2m/s, when 7min36s is rinsed in simulation, totally flushable, calculate and need the amount of flushing liquor S to be 10.1.
From the above results, for original casing programme and drilling fluid, as the speed of returning respectively with 0.8m/s and 1.2m/s replaces, the design quantity of flushing liquor at least should be respectively 12.8 and 10.1, just can reach the effect rinsing the borehole wall well.
For those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or convert, and all these improve and convert the protection domain that all should belong to application claims.
Claims (3)
1. the well cementation flushing liquor evaluating apparatus based on shear rate principle, primarily of artificial core or steel column (1), urceolus (2), crossover sub (3), transmission device (4), motor (6), framework (7), Support tray (9), slurry cup (10) composition, it is characterized in that, the described framework (7) being positioned on base (8) has can the Support tray (9) of free adjustment height and motor (6), described Support tray is placed the slurry cup (10) that flushing liquor is housed, described artificial core or steel column (1), urceolus (2) is all in the flushing liquor in slurry cup, described artificial core or steel column are fixed on framework by crossover sub (3), described urceolus is connected with motor by transmission device (4), described motor is connected with speed regulator (5), described urceolus have two rows for flushing liquors flowing circular hole, each row circular hole be spaced apart 90 °.
2. well cementation flushing liquor evaluating apparatus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the height of described Support tray is adjusted to the mud cake or clay coating top that flushing liquor liquid level in slurry cup completely artificial core or steel column are not formed.
3. utilize the device described in claim 1 to evaluate the method for flushing liquor, comprise the following steps successively:
(1) on average return speed according to the casing programme at scene and annular space, obtain the shear rate of annular space wall, urceolus rotating speed R corresponding when calculating equal with this shear rate or close by following formula:
In formula: D
0for urceolus internal diameter, m, d
0for rock core or steel column external diameter, m, V are that annular space on average returns speed, and m/s, D are borehole diameter, and m, d are sleeve outer, m;
(2) artificial core or steel column are placed in drilling fluid, after artificial core outer wall being formed mud cake or steel column adhere to drilling fluid clay coating, weigh the artificial core that forms mud cake or the quality G of steel column after being stained with clay coating
1;
(3) according to the flushing fluid of cementing operation design, on average return after rotating speed corresponding to speed wash away artificial core or steel column certain hour with flushing liquor with annular space, weigh the quality G of artificial core or steel column
2;
(4) the surperficial mud cake of artificial core after flushing or the clay coating on steel column surface are washed to the greatest extent, weigh the quality G of artificial core or steel column
3;
(5) the flush efficiency F of flushing liquor is calculated by following formula:
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104563924B (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2017-04-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of method of evaluating cementing flushing liquor flush efficiency |
| CN104675345B (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2017-05-03 | 西南石油大学 | Engineering simulation set and method for quantitative evaluation of flushing efficiency of cementing pre-flushing fluid |
| CN104792596A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-07-22 | 西南石油大学 | Dynamic mud cake forming device of drilling fluid and experimental method of dynamic mud cake forming device |
| CN104849404A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-08-19 | 西南石油大学 | Well cementation flushing fluid evaluation device and experiment method thereof based on dynamic mud cake forming |
| CN106285526B (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2019-04-09 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Simulate experimental provision and experimental method that Cementing rinses mud cake |
| CN108240185B (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2020-05-08 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Evaluation device and method for well cementation flushing efficiency |
| CN109406334A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-03-01 | 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 | A method of flushing liquor flush efficiency is evaluated with weight method |
| CN112444462A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-03-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for simulating and testing fluid scouring performance of shaft |
| CN114046144A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2022-02-15 | 西南石油大学 | Drilling fluid mud cake washing determination system and method based on equal shearing force and application |
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| CN203594388U (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-05-14 | 西南石油大学 | Well cementation flushing fluid evaluating device based on shearing rate equivalence principle |
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| US4610158A (en) * | 1984-10-11 | 1986-09-09 | Lawton Jr Richard | Method for determining the sealability of drilling compounds |
| CN102052071A (en) * | 2010-12-14 | 2011-05-11 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Frustum cylinder-shaped near wellbore zone shear simulation device with sand prevention compacted sand bodies |
| CN203594388U (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-05-14 | 西南石油大学 | Well cementation flushing fluid evaluating device based on shearing rate equivalence principle |
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