CN103535430B - Storage method of Chinese pearleaved crabapples - Google Patents
Storage method of Chinese pearleaved crabapples Download PDFInfo
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- CN103535430B CN103535430B CN201310530643.2A CN201310530643A CN103535430B CN 103535430 B CN103535430 B CN 103535430B CN 201310530643 A CN201310530643 A CN 201310530643A CN 103535430 B CN103535430 B CN 103535430B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a storage method of Chinese pearleaved crabapples. Under a low-temperature condition, through adding a preservative, regulating the gas composition of a storage environment and combining with intermittent ozone treatment, the Chinese pearleaved crabapples are stored, thus harmful gases such as ethylene released in a storage period of the Chinese pearleaved crabapples can be effectively removed, the fruit respiration intensity of the Chinese pearleaved crabapples is reduced, the material consumption is reduced, the tissue aging is delayed, the bacterium growth is inhibited, the Chinese pearleaved crabapples are prevented from being softened and rotten, the good quality is maintained, and the storage period is prolonged. By adopting the storage method, the Chinese pearleaved crabapples are stored for over 150 days, the Chinese pearleaved crabapples are good in quality after the storage is ended, and the rotting rate is lower than 5 percent. The storage method is simple to operate, stable in technology, long in storage period, free of chemical pollution, good in preservation effect and remarkable in economic benefit, and can be popularized and used during production.
Description
Technical field
The general Techniques of preserving field that the invention belongs to food or foodstuff, is specifically related under cryogenic conditions, adopts antistaling agent, controlled atmosphere and ozone treatment coupling at intermittence to preserve the method for Chinese pear-leaved crabapple.
Background technology
Chinese pear-leaved crabapple (formal name used at school: Malus asiatica), has another name called premium, Chinese pear-leaved crabapple, galaxy of literary talent fruit, connection pearl fruit, is the defoliation small arbor of rose family Malus.Fruit maturation in autumn, oblateness, diameter 4～5cm, yellow or red.Generally be distributed in the Yellow River and the Yangtze river basin one band of China's Mainland, grow in the area of 50 meters to 1300 meters of height above sea level, be often grown in hillside, level land and terraced fields limit, mountain valley, eat taste raw like apple, mutation is a lot of, is Chinese endemic plant.Chinese pear-leaved crabapple fruit colour is bright-coloured, fragrant aroma, sweet and sour taste, unique flavor, be rich in the multiple nutritional components such as carbohydrate, organic acid, crude fibre, vitamin and mineral matter, have promote the production of body fluid to quench thirst, relieving dyspepsia, puckery essence stop the effects such as dysentery, purging pathogenic fire and improving eyesight, desinsection removing toxic substances, belongs to good fruit variety.But, because Chinese pear-leaved crabapple term concentrates, adopt rear respiratory metabolism vigorous, easily there is Fruit wilting, the softening problem such as rot in duration of storage, brings huge economic loss to the producer and operator.
At present, both at home and abroad about the research of Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is more, but mainly concentrate on the aspects such as stock growing, constituent analysis, product processing, the research report in preservation and freshness is very few.Horse Lee first-class is carried out coating-film fresh-keeping with Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide to Chinese pear-leaved crabapple at ambient temperature, and storage period is only 20 days, and decayed fruit rate is up to 14.2%, and percentage of water loss also reaches 12.05%.Cao Junsheng cleans Chinese pear-leaved crabapple with 850 times of liquid of 60% thiophanate methyl, after drying in the shade, respectively with Polythene Bag and silicon window bag dress fruit, has preserved 60 days at 0 DEG C, and fresh-keeping effect is still undesirable.For a long time, the traditional approach storage Chinese pear-leaved crabapples such as most domestic orchard worker employing is stored sth. in a cellar, trench storage, mound storage, although method is simple, generally can only preserve 20～30 days, and fruit commodity value are poor; Other conditions relatively preferably orchard worker adopt mechanical cold storage system method storage Chinese pear-leaved crabapple, though extended to a certain extent storage period, conventionally can preserve 60～70 days, and after storage, fruit quality is not good yet.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the inferior shortcoming of fruit after short, the storage of traditional Chinese pear-leaved crabapple storage practice storage period, provide a kind of simple to operate, storage period long, without the Chinese pear-leaved crabapple storage practice of chemical contamination, good refreshing effect.
Solving the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme is made up of following step:
1, refrigerating room disinfecting
Be to mix at 1: 1: 50 in mass ratio by copper sulphate, quick lime, water, brush cold storage locker top, metope and ground, dry; The bleaching powder aqueous solution that is 0.5%～0.8% with mass fraction is scrubbed plastics fruit basket, dries; The thimerosal that is 5: 1 with the mass ratio of formaldehyde and potassium permanganate is with 5～6g/m
3consumption fumigation freezer 24 hours.
2, make antistaling agent
The potassium permanganate solution that the vermiculite that is 3～4mm by particle diameter is 5%～6% with mass fraction soaks 2～3 hours, after drop goes out, dries in the shade, and packs in the polyethylene plastic bag that thickness is 0.03mm every packed 100g, sealing into.
3, choose Chinese pear-leaved crabapple fruit
Choose that fruit development is normal, fruit face is fully painted, be rich in gloss, without the Chinese pear-leaved crabapple of the late variety of disease and pest, machinery-free wound, it is more than 10% requiring pulp soluble solid content, the hardness of fruit is 8kg/cm
2above, single fruit weight is more than 40g, fruit band stalk, and carpopodium length is less than 1cm.
4, dress basket and precooling
By Chinese pear-leaved crabapple size classification, put foam net, the plastics fruit basket that the capacity of being respectively charged into is 15～20L, fruit layered putting, is separated by with hardboard between every layer, and carpopodium is upwards arranged, fruit is close to mutually, and Chinese pear-leaved crabapple dress basket is placed in precooling room, precooling 72 hours at 2～3 DEG C.
5, preservation and freshness
After precooling, the fruit basket that Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is housed is moved in controlled atmosphere cold and stacked, fruit basket is apart from side wall 15～20cm, apart from top, storehouse 50～60cm, distance between fruit basket is 5～6cm, the consumption of simultaneously depositing quality 2%～4% by every basket of Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is put into the antistaling agent that step (2) is made, and on every bag of antistaling agent, prick 10～20 pinpricks, after Chinese pear-leaved crabapple warehouse-in, in freezer, be filled with O
2, CO
2, N
2gaseous mixture, be charged to and natural atmosphere pressure balanced, the gas index of gaseous mixture is: O
2volume fraction be 2%～4%, CO
2volume fraction be 1%～3%, N
2volume fraction be 93%～97%, be to preserve under 90%～95% condition at 0～3 DEG C, relative humidity, duration of storage was filled with ozone every 30 days in freezer, treated that ozone concentration reaches 12～20mg/m
3rear envelope storehouse keeps 30 minutes, then opens the door and drains ozone, re-fills O by the gas index of original gaseous mixture
2, CO
2, N
2, so circular treatment, until storage finishes.
6, storage period management
Chinese pear-leaved crabapple duration of storage, checks freezer every day 1 time, observes temperature, relative humidity and gas componant, guarantees O in freezer
2concentration is not less than 1%, CO
2concentration, not higher than 4%, is filled in freezer management record; Enter storage after 60 days, establish point of observation to every 15 days of Chinese pear-leaved crabapple in freezer investigation 1 time, enter storage investigation in every 10 days 1 time after 90 days, enter storage investigation in every 5 days 1 time after 120 days, when investigation, find that decayed fruit removes in time, carry out ventilation simultaneously.
7, packaging and outbound
Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is placed 8～12 hours between buffering, in the time that the temperature of Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is 3～5 DEG C with extraneous temperature difference, use packed in cases, outbound.
In the storage step 5 of technical solution of the present invention, optimum condition is: after precooling, the fruit basket that Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is housed is moved in controlled atmosphere cold and stacked, fruit basket is apart from side wall 15～20cm, apart from top, storehouse 50～60cm, distance between fruit basket is 5～6cm, and the consumption of simultaneously depositing quality 3% by every basket of Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is put into antistaling agent, and on every bag of antistaling agent, pricks 10 pinpricks, after Chinese pear-leaved crabapple warehouse-in, in freezer, be filled with O
2, CO
2, N
2gaseous mixture, be charged to and natural atmosphere pressure balanced, the gas index of gaseous mixture is: O
2volume fraction be 3%, CO
2volume fraction be 2%, N
2volume fraction be 95%, be to preserve under 90%～95% condition at 1～2 DEG C, relative humidity, duration of storage was filled with ozone every 30 days in freezer, treated that ozone concentration reaches 20mg/m
3rear envelope storehouse keeps 30 minutes, then opens the door and drains ozone, re-fills O by the gas index of original gaseous mixture
2, CO
2, N
2, so circular treatment, until storage finishes.
The present invention is under cryogenic conditions, by adding antistaling agent, regulate storage environment gas componant, preserve Chinese pear-leaved crabapple in conjunction with ozone treatment coupling at intermittence, can effectively remove the pernicious gas such as ethene that Chinese pear-leaved crabapple duration of storage discharges, reduce respiratory intensity of fruit, slow down material consumption, delay tissue old and feeble, suppress pathogen growth, prevent softening rotting, maintain better quality, extend shelf-life.The present invention is simple to operate, consistent, and storage period is long, without chemical contamination, and good refreshing effect, economic benefit is obvious, can promote the use of aborning.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in more detail, but the invention is not restricted to these embodiment.
Embodiment 1
1, refrigerating room disinfecting
Be to mix at 1: 1: 50 in mass ratio by copper sulphate, quick lime, water, brush cold storage locker top, metope and ground, dry; The bleaching powder aqueous solution that is 0.5% with mass fraction is scrubbed plastics fruit basket, dries; The thimerosal that is 5: 1 with the mass ratio of formaldehyde and potassium permanganate is with 5g/m
3consumption fumigation freezer 24 hours.
2, make antistaling agent
The potassium permanganate solution that the vermiculite that is 3～4mm by particle diameter is 5% with mass fraction soaks 2 hours, after drop goes out, dries in the shade, and packs in the polyethylene plastic bag that thickness is 0.03mm every packed 100g, sealing into.
3, choose Chinese pear-leaved crabapple fruit
Choose that fruit development is normal, fruit face is fully painted, be rich in gloss, without the Chinese pear-leaved crabapple of the late variety of disease and pest, machinery-free wound, it is more than 10% requiring pulp soluble solid content, the hardness of fruit is 8kg/cm
2above, single fruit weight is 40～45g, fruit band stalk, and carpopodium length is less than 1cm.
4, dress basket and precooling
By Chinese pear-leaved crabapple size classification, put foam net, the capacity of being respectively charged into is the plastics fruit basket of 15L, and fruit layered putting, is separated by with hardboard between every layer, carpopodium is upwards arranged, fruit is close to mutually, and every basket of dress 10kg, fills 50 baskets altogether, Chinese pear-leaved crabapple dress basket is placed in precooling room, precooling 72 hours at 2～3 DEG C.
5, preservation and freshness
After precooling, the fruit basket that Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is housed is moved in controlled atmosphere cold and stacked, fruit basket is apart from side wall 15cm, apart from top, storehouse 50cm, distance between fruit basket is 5cm, the consumption of simultaneously depositing quality 3% by every basket of Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is put into antistaling agent, and on every bag of antistaling agent, prick 10 pinpricks, after Chinese pear-leaved crabapple warehouse-in, in freezer, be filled with O
2, CO
2, N
2gaseous mixture, be charged to and natural atmosphere pressure balanced, the gas index of gaseous mixture is: O
2volume fraction be 3%, CO
2volume fraction be 2%, N
2volume fraction be 95%, be to preserve under 90%～95% condition at 1～2 DEG C, relative humidity, duration of storage was filled with ozone every 30 days in freezer, treated that ozone concentration reaches 20mg/m
3rear envelope storehouse keeps 30 minutes, then opens the door and drains ozone, re-fills O by original gaseous mixture composition
2, CO
2, N
2, so circular treatment, until storage finishes.
6, storage period management
Chinese pear-leaved crabapple duration of storage, checks freezer every day 1 time, observes temperature, relative humidity and gas componant, guarantees O in freezer
2concentration is not less than 1%, CO
2concentration, not higher than 4%, is filled in freezer management record; Enter storage after 60 days, establish point of observation to every 15 days of Chinese pear-leaved crabapple in freezer investigation 1 time, enter storage investigation in every 10 days 1 time after 90 days, enter storage investigation in every 5 days 1 time after 120 days, find that decayed fruit removes in time when investigation, carry out ventilation simultaneously, storage period is 150 days.
7, packaging and outbound
Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is placed 12 hours between buffering, in the time that the temperature of Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is 3 DEG C with extraneous temperature difference, use packed in cases, outbound.
Embodiment 2
In the preservation and freshness step 5 of embodiment 1, after precooling, the fruit basket that Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is housed is moved in controlled atmosphere cold and stacked, fruit basket is apart from side wall 15cm, apart from top, storehouse 50cm, distance between fruit basket is 5cm, and the consumption of simultaneously depositing quality 2% by every basket of Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is put into antistaling agent, and on every bag of antistaling agent, pricks 10 pinpricks, after Chinese pear-leaved crabapple warehouse-in, in freezer, be filled with O
2, CO
2, N
2gaseous mixture, be charged to and natural atmosphere pressure balanced, the gas index of gaseous mixture is: O
2volume fraction be 2%, CO
2volume fraction be 1%, N
2volume fraction be 97%, be to preserve under 90%～95% condition at 0～1 DEG C, relative humidity, duration of storage was filled with ozone every 30 days in freezer, treated that ozone concentration reaches 12mg/m
3rear envelope storehouse keeps 30 minutes, then opens the door and drains ozone, re-fills O by the gas index of original gaseous mixture
2, CO
2, N
2, so circular treatment, until storage finishes.Other steps are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
In the preservation and freshness step 5 of embodiment 1, after precooling, the fruit basket that Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is housed is moved in controlled atmosphere cold and stacked, fruit basket is apart from side wall 15cm, apart from top, storehouse 50cm, distance between fruit basket is 5cm, and the consumption of simultaneously depositing quality 4% by every basket of Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is put into antistaling agent, and on every bag of antistaling agent, pricks 10 pinpricks, after Chinese pear-leaved crabapple warehouse-in, in freezer, be filled with O
2, CO
2, N
2gaseous mixture, be charged to and natural atmosphere pressure balanced, the gas index of gaseous mixture is: O
2volume fraction be 4%, CO
2volume fraction be 3%, N
2volume fraction be 93%, be to preserve under 90%～95% condition at 2～3 DEG C, relative humidity, duration of storage poured ozone every 30 days in freezer, treated that ozone concentration reaches 16mg/m
3rear envelope storehouse keeps 30 minutes, then opens the door and drains ozone, re-fills O by the gas index of original gaseous mixture
2, CO
2, N
2, so circular treatment, until storage finishes.Other steps are identical with embodiment 1.
In order to determine optimised process step of the present invention, inventor has carried out a large amount of development tests, and concrete condition is as follows:
Test material: pick up from Yulin City Suide County, Shaanxi Province Chinese pear-leaved crabapple high yield Demonstration Garden for examination Chinese pear-leaved crabapple, fruit is medium well, and band stalk is plucked, fruit face lovely luster, be rich in gloss, quality is hard, without disease and pest, machinery-free wound, pulp soluble solid content reaches 11%～12%, and the hardness of fruit is 8～9kg/cm
2, single fruit weight is 40～45g, is transported to rapidly Shaanxi Normal University's food pilot experiment chamber controlled atmosphere cold after gathering, precooling 72 hours at 2～3 DEG C.
Assay method: soluble solid content is measured with hand refractometer; Titratable acid content acid-base titration; The hardness of fruit is fixed with GY-1 type hardness tester instrumentation; Rotting rate is pressed formula: rotten fruit number/inspection fruit sum × 100 occur after rotting rate (%)=storage and calculate; Organoleptic quality evaluation: by 10 professionals, the Chinese pear-leaved crabapple of different disposal is carried out to sensory evaluation scores, standards of grading are in table 1.
Table 1 Chinese pear-leaved crabapple sensory evaluation scores standard
Data processing: result of the test is to measure the mean value of 3 secondary data, test data adopts DPS software to carry out variance analysis, multiple ratio adopts Duncan duncan's new multiple range method test, and the level of signifiance is got P < 0.05(significant difference) or 0.01(difference extremely remarkable).
1, Chinese pear-leaved crabapple preservation and freshness single factor experiment
Consulting on the basis of pertinent literature and trial test, inventor has carried out Chinese pear-leaved crabapple preservation and freshness single factor experiment in laboratory, has studied respectively reserve temperature, antistaling agent consumption, ozone concentration, gas componant (O
2volume fraction, CO
2volume fraction) etc. the impact of factor on Chinese pear-leaved crabapple storage quality, found that: 1. the optimum range of reserve temperature is 0～3 DEG C, when reserve temperature is during lower than 0 DEG C, can damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature,, there is brown heart in the brown stain of Chinese pear-leaved crabapple interior tissue; When reserve temperature is during higher than 3 DEG C, Chinese pear-leaved crabapple physiological metabolism strengthens, and tissue is old and feeble to be accelerated, and anaphase storage easily occurs to rot.2. the suitable amounts of antistaling agent be Chinese pear-leaved crabapple deposit quality 2%～4%, when antistaling agent consumption is lower than 2% time, the pernicious gases such as the ethene producing in Chinese pear-leaved crabapple storage can not fully be absorbed, fruit is ripe old and feeble rapidly, easily occur softening, rot; When antistaling agent consumption is higher than 4% time, can increase production cost, cause the wasting of resources.3. intermittently the optimum range of ozone treatment ozone concentration is 12～20mg/m
3, when ozone concentration is lower than 12mg/m
3time, the harmful microorganism in Chinese pear-leaved crabapple surface and storage environment can not be killed completely, and anaphase storage fruit rot situation is serious; When ozone concentration is higher than 20mg/m
3time, the normal physiological metabolism of Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is had a negative impact, especially fruit surface cell suffers Oxidative demage, loses defencive function, causes fruit softening, brown stain and rotten in a large number.4. O
2the suitableeest scope of volume fraction is 2%～4%, works as O
2volume fraction while being less than 2%, can there is low O
2injury, Chinese pear-leaved crabapple epidermis local dent, interior tissue brown stain, softening, produces alcohol smell and peculiar smell; Work as O
2volume fraction while being greater than 4%, Chinese pear-leaved crabapple respiration is strengthened, pathogen growth is accelerated, fruit rot is accelerated.5. CO
2the suitableeest scope of volume fraction is 1%～3%, works as CO
2volume fraction while being less than 1%, with O
2synergy reduce, controlled atmosphere poor effect; Work as CO
2volume fraction while being greater than 3%, may cause high CO
2injury, causes Chinese pear-leaved crabapple surface and inside that brown stain all occurs, and occurs foxiness, depression or tissue dewatering wilting, even forms cavity.
2, Chinese pear-leaved crabapple preservation and freshness orthogonal test
By a large amount of Chinese pear-leaved crabapple preservation and freshness single factor experiment research in early stage, select L
9(3
4) orthogonal table is to reserve temperature, antistaling agent consumption, ozone concentration and gas componant (O
2volume fraction, CO
2volume fraction) four factors carry out three horizontal quadrature tests (in table 2), determine the optimum condition of Chinese pear-leaved crabapple preservation and freshness, be after precooling, the fruit basket that Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is housed to be moved in controlled atmosphere cold and stacked, fruit basket is apart from side wall 15cm, and apart from top, storehouse 50cm, the distance between fruit basket is 5cm, consumption is put into antistaling agent according to plan simultaneously, and on every bag of antistaling agent, prick 10 pinpricks, after Chinese pear-leaved crabapple warehouse-in, in freezer, be filled with O
2, CO
2, N
2gaseous mixture, be charged to and natural atmosphere pressure balanced O in gaseous mixture
2, CO
2, N
2volume fraction reach respectively the gas index of appointment, under the reserve temperature designing, preserve, relative humidity is 90%～95%, duration of storage was filled with ozone every 30 days in freezer, after ozone reaches prescribed concentration, sealing storehouse keeps 30 minutes, then open the door and drain ozone, re-fill O by the gas index of original gaseous mixture
2, CO
2, N
2, so circular treatment, until storage finishes.Every processing repeats 3 times, and every repetition Chinese pear-leaved crabapple quality is 20kg.Grab sample while preserving to 150 days, measures soluble solid content, titratable acid content, the hardness of fruit and the rotting rate of Chinese pear-leaved crabapple, and carries out sensory evaluation scores, evaluates storage effect.Orthogonal test measurement result and range analysis are respectively in table 3, table 4.
Table 2 orthogonal test factor level table
Table 3 Chinese pear-leaved crabapple preservation and freshness L
9(3
4) orthogonal test measurement result
Note: the processing list that same column has different lowercases is shown in significant difference in the P=0.05 level of signifiance.
The range analysis of table 4 orthogonal experiments
Can be found out by table 3, table 4, reserve temperature is the key factor that Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is adopted rear quality control, temperature is remarkable on Chinese pear-leaved crabapple soluble solid content and sensory evaluation scores impact in 0～3 DEG C of interval, and titratable acid content, the hardness of fruit and rotting rate are also had a significant impact, at 1～2 DEG C, preserve Chinese pear-leaved crabapple, indices performance is good.Antistaling agent consumption is larger on the impact of Chinese pear-leaved crabapple sensory evaluation scores, and not obvious to other Index Influence, the consumption of depositing quality 3% with every basket of fruit uses antistaling agent better.On the rotting rate impact of Chinese pear-leaved crabapple significantly, less to other Index Influence, employing concentration is 20mg/m to ozone concentration
3ozone batch process Chinese pear-leaved crabapple, Perishing prevention effect is best.Gas componant has the greatest impact to Chinese pear-leaved crabapple titratable acid content and the hardness of fruit, and soluble solid content is also had to certain influence, but little on fruit rot rate and sensory evaluation scores impact, so choose O
2volume fraction 3%, CO
2volume fraction 2% for well.Analyze knownly, the optimum combination of Chinese pear-leaved crabapple preservation and freshness condition is A
2b
2c
3d
2, and through table 6 intuitive analysis, obtaining excellent combination by excellent level is A
2b
2c
3d
1, both are inconsistent, therefore again these two combinations are repeated to verification experimental verification, A through 3 times
2b
2c
3d
2combination is slightly better than A
2b
2c
3d
1.At optimum combination A
2b
2c
3d
2under condition, preserve, Chinese pear-leaved crabapple storage period can reach 150 days, and when storage finishes, soluble solid content is 10.8%, and titratable acid content is 0.26%, and the hardness of fruit is 7.45kg/cm
2, rotting rate is 2.1%, organoleptic quality is good.
Comprehensive above-mentioned single factor experiment and orthogonal experiments, the present invention selects after precooling, the fruit basket that Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is housed to be moved in controlled atmosphere cold and stacked, fruit basket is apart from side wall 15～20cm, apart from top, storehouse 50～60cm, distance between fruit basket is 5～6cm, and deposit quality 2%～4%(the best by every basket of Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is 3% simultaneously) consumption put into antistaling agent, and on every bag of antistaling agent, prick 10～20 pinpricks, after Chinese pear-leaved crabapple warehouse-in, in freezer, be filled with O
2, CO
2, N
2gaseous mixture, be charged to and natural atmosphere pressure balanced, the gas index of gaseous mixture is: O
2volume fraction be that 2%～4%(the best is 3%), CO
2volume fraction be that 1%～3%(the best is 2%), N
2volume fraction be that 93%～97%(the best is 95%), be to preserve under 90%～95% condition 0～3 DEG C of (the best is 1～2 DEG C), relative humidity, duration of storage was filled with ozone every 30 days in freezer, treated that ozone concentration reaches 12～20mg/m
3(the best is 20mg/m
3) seal afterwards storehouse maintenance 30 minutes, then open the door and drain ozone, re-fill O by the gas index of original gaseous mixture
2, CO
2, N
2, so circular treatment, until storage finishes.
In order to verify practical application effect of the present invention and technical stability, inventor adopts the method for the embodiment of the present invention 1 within continuous 3 years, to carry out amplification experiment in Shaanxi Normal University's food pilot experiment chamber controlled atmosphere cold in 2009～2011 years, 3 tons of annual storage Chinese pear-leaved crabapples, storage period all exceedes 150 days, after storage, Chinese pear-leaved crabapple rotting rate is lower than 5%, fruit quality is good, and commodity value is high, fresh-keeping effect ideal.
Claims (1)
1. a storage practice for Chinese pear-leaved crabapple, it is made up of following step:
(1) refrigerating room disinfecting
Be to mix at 1: 1: 50 in mass ratio by copper sulphate, quick lime, water, brush cold storage locker top, metope and ground, dry; The bleaching powder aqueous solution that is 0.5%～0.8% with mass fraction is scrubbed plastics fruit basket, dries; The thimerosal that is 5: 1 with the mass ratio of formaldehyde and potassium permanganate is with 5～6g/m
3consumption fumigation freezer 24 hours;
(2) make antistaling agent
The potassium permanganate solution that the vermiculite that is 3～4mm by particle diameter is 5%～6% with mass fraction soaks 2～3 hours, after drop goes out, dries in the shade, and packs in the polyethylene plastic bag that thickness is 0.03mm every packed 100g, sealing into;
(3) choose Chinese pear-leaved crabapple fruit
Choose that fruit development is normal, fruit face is fully painted, be rich in gloss, without the Chinese pear-leaved crabapple of the late variety of disease and pest, machinery-free wound, it is more than 10% requiring pulp soluble solid content, the hardness of fruit is 8kg/cm
2above, single fruit weight is more than 40g, fruit band stalk, and carpopodium length is less than 1cm;
(4) dress basket and precooling
By Chinese pear-leaved crabapple size classification, put foam net, the plastics fruit basket that the capacity of being respectively charged into is 15～20L, fruit layered putting, is separated by with hardboard between every layer, and carpopodium is upwards arranged, fruit is close to mutually, and Chinese pear-leaved crabapple dress basket is placed in precooling room, precooling 72 hours at 2～3 DEG C;
(5) preservation and freshness
After precooling, the fruit basket that Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is housed is moved in controlled atmosphere cold and stacked, fruit basket is apart from side wall 15～20cm, apart from top, storehouse 50～60cm, distance between fruit basket is 5～6cm, the consumption of simultaneously depositing quality 3% by every basket of Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is put into antistaling agent, and on every bag of antistaling agent, prick 10 pinpricks, after Chinese pear-leaved crabapple warehouse-in, in freezer, be filled with O
2, CO
2, N
2gaseous mixture, be charged to and natural atmosphere pressure balanced, the gas index of gaseous mixture is: O
2volume fraction be 3%, CO
2volume fraction be 2%, N
2volume fraction be 95%, be to preserve under 90%～95% condition at 1～2 DEG C, relative humidity, duration of storage was filled with ozone every 30 days in freezer, treated that ozone concentration reaches 20mg/m
3rear envelope storehouse keeps 30 minutes, then opens the door and drains ozone, re-fills O by the gas index of original gaseous mixture
2, CO
2, N
2, so circular treatment, until storage finishes;
(6) storage period management
Chinese pear-leaved crabapple duration of storage, checks freezer every day 1 time, observes temperature, relative humidity and gas componant, guarantees O in freezer
2concentration is not less than 1%, CO
2concentration, not higher than 4%, is filled in freezer management record; Enter storage after 60 days, establish point of observation to every 15 days of Chinese pear-leaved crabapple in freezer investigation 1 time, enter storage investigation in every 10 days 1 time after 90 days, enter storage investigation in every 5 days 1 time after 120 days, when investigation, find that decayed fruit removes in time, carry out ventilation simultaneously;
(7) packaging and outbound
Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is placed 8～12 hours between buffering, in the time that the temperature of Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is 3～5 DEG C with extraneous temperature difference, use packed in cases, outbound.
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| CN104106645A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-10-22 | 马鞍山市黄池食品（集团）有限公司 | Fruit flavor saliva inducing and thirst slaking dried bean curd and preparation method thereof |
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