CN104542953B - Thick-skinned melon preserves preservative specially - Google Patents
Thick-skinned melon preserves preservative specially Download PDFInfo
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- CN104542953B CN104542953B CN201510061182.8A CN201510061182A CN104542953B CN 104542953 B CN104542953 B CN 104542953B CN 201510061182 A CN201510061182 A CN 201510061182A CN 104542953 B CN104542953 B CN 104542953B
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Abstract
Preservative specially is preserved the invention discloses a kind of thick-skinned melon, it is made up of the raw material of following proportion by weight：0.05~0.35 part of aminoethoxyvinyl glycine, 0.7~2.1 part of d-Bomeol, 0.1~0.3 part of dehydroactic acid sodium, 0.02~0.08 part of ε polylysines, 1~5 part of kojic acid, 4~8 parts of calcium gluconae, 1.2~3.6 parts of malic acid, 0.5~1.5 part of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, 0.01~0.05 part of Sodium Polyacrylate, 1000 parts of water.The antistaling agent makes simple, easy to use, with low cost, efficient stable, safety non-toxic, the thick-skinned melon handled through antistaling agent of the present invention, packed, preserved 100 days at low temperature, fruit face fresh color with single fruit bagging, the crisp juice of pulp matter is more, local flavor is sweet fragrant beautiful, and rotting mechanism is only 0.28, and commodity fruit rate is up to 90%, fresh-keeping effect is preferable, and application prospect is had an optimistic view of.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to postharvest technology of fruits and vegetables field, and in particular to preserve preservative specially to a kind of thick-skinned melon.
Background technology
Thick-skinned melon belongs to a melon variety of Curcurbitaceae Cucumis, is tendril annual herb plant, is planted in China
Training is with a long history, and cultivated area and yield are at the forefront in the world.Thick-skinned melon is nutritious, juice multi-flavor sweet tea, salubrious fragrance, and local flavor is only
Spy, the high-grade melon and fruit kind of category is deep to be favored by consumers in general.But because muskmelon term concentrates, and on the occasion of high temperature season, add fruit
Real pol is higher, and moisture is larger, and respiration is vigorous, if being dealt with improperly after adopting, fruit quality easily occurs in storage period
The problems such as deterioration, softening are rotted, causes serious economic loss.Traditional stores sth. in a cellar, hangs the storage sides such as Tibetan, sand storage and indoor mound storage
Formula, although method is simple and easy to apply, but storage capacity is few, and storage period is short, and muskmelon is of poor quality after storage, and rotting rate is high, it is difficult to meet market
Need.And use the methods such as mechanical cold storage system, air conditioned storage although to expand storage capacity, storage period is extended, but the cost of storage increases
Plus, fruit quality is undesirable after storage, and commodity value is not high.
Coating-film fresh-keeping is an important technology in fruit vegetables storing field, and it is made of by means of by macromolecule filming material
The aqueous solution or emulsion of debita spissitudo, fruit and vegetable surfaces are coated on using modes such as dipping, smearing, sprinklings, and one layer is formed after drying
Film with certain thickness and permeability, this tunic can close fruit and vegetable surfaces stomata, be formed with tight infiltrative close
Closed loop border, makes fruits and vegetables isolate with external environment condition, so as to suppress fruits and vegetables respiration, prevents moisture loss, delays tissue aging, prevents
Only courses of infection, protects nutrient and flavour, extends shelf-life.
Had been reported about the research in terms of melon fruit coating-film fresh-keeping.Bian Shengzhen etc. handles muskmelon, muskmelon using shellac
Moisture loss is reduced after shellac film, fruit acetate releasing quantity and respiratory intensity reduction, but this method is possible to that fruit can be blocked
Surface pores, causes CO in fruit caving2With concentration of alcohol increase, cause pulp flavor abnormal, it is impossible to edible.The experiment hair such as Zhu Zhenjia
It is existing, through Nano-meter SiO_2x" Yellow River honey " muskmelon of preservative fruit wax processing, one is maintained in whole 16 days storage periods internal respiration intensity
Relatively low level, this method storage period is short, and because using single plastics, film forming is uneven, and the stability of film, barrier are poor,
Fresh-keeping effect is undesirable.Wang Lanju etc. is using a certain amount of chitin, konjaku powder and phytic acid, by modification, deacetylation etc.
Chemical treatment, plus appropriate preservative and emulsifying agent, are configured to composite coating preservative and carry out film to muskmelon, normal temperature can preserve 25
My god, antistaling agent preparation technology is complicated, and muskmelon storage period is still short, fruit insufficient quality after storage.Brightness etc. is opened by muskmelon in 50 DEG C of heat
Handled 3 minutes in water, then spray the Amistai Dip antistaling agents of 150mg/kg concentration, as a result show to be conducive to delaying muskmelon
Storage muskmelon only has under hardness during postharvest storage, soluble solid content, the change of weight-loss ratio and rotting rate, this method normal temperature
20 days, fresh-keeping effect was general, and antistaling agent used is Australian import, expensive.The solid ClO such as Wu Bin2Antistaling agent
Commodity fruit rate is up to 85% or so after Preservation Treatment " golden queen " muskmelon, preservation 3 months, fresh-keeping effect preferably, when this method is preserved
Between longer but used ClO2With strong oxidizing property and excitant, human body can be damaged, while it is quick-fried to be extremely easy in decomposition generation
It is fried, use abnormally dangerous.Cui Lihong etc. with concentration be many bacterium clear liquids of 500mg/L, 500mg/L thiophanate methyls liquid,
1000mg/L TBZ liquid handles " white swan " thick-skinned melon respectively, can effectively suppress pathogen growth, reduce moisture loss, keeps
Fruit quality；Horse, which is reached the clouds etc., to be adopted rear powder mildew and white mould to thick-skinned melon with the Fluoxastrobin coating problems of various concentrations and has one
Fixed inhibition, wherein, the muskmelon of above two method storage has agricultural chemicals residual with 100mg/L concentration treatment effect preferably
Stay, there is food security hidden danger.
The content of the invention
The shortcoming that the technical problems to be solved by the invention are to overcome above-mentioned muskmelon repository antistaling agent to exist there is provided
It is special that one kind prepares the significant thick-skinned melon storage of simple, easy to use, with low cost, efficient stable, safety non-toxic, fresh-keeping effect
Use antistaling agent.
The technical scheme that solution above-mentioned technical problem is used is that the antistaling agent is made up of the raw material of following proportion by weight：
Above-mentioned thick-skinned melon storage preservative specially is preferably made up of the raw material of following proportion by weight：
Above-mentioned aminoethoxyvinyl glycine is food-grade, is provided by Wuhan Yuan Cheng Group Co., Ltd；Dextrorotation
Borneol is extracted from natural plants Borneolum, is provided by Guangdong Jiaying Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd；Dehydroactic acid sodium is food-grade, by
Changzhou Yang Sen bio tech ltd is provided；Epsilon-polylysine is food-grade, and its number-average molecular weight is 3600~4300, by force
Chinese Wanrong development in science and technology Co., Ltd provides；Kojic acid is food-grade, is provided by Shaanxi Sen Fu natural products Co., Ltd；Glucose sugar
Sour calcium is food-grade, is provided by Shanghai Yi Mengsi Chemical Industry Science Co., Ltd；Malic acid is food-grade, by the emerging biological section in Wuhan one hundred
Skill Co., Ltd provides；Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate is food-grade, is provided by Lianyun Harbour Ke Xin Chemical Co., Ltd.s；Sodium Polyacrylate
For food-grade, its number-average molecular weight is 30,000,000~50,000,000, is provided by Hangzhou is poly- with bio tech ltd.
The preparation method of thick-skinned melon of the present invention storage preservative specially is：, will according to the proportion by weight of above-mentioned raw materials
Aminoethoxyvinyl glycine, d-Bomeol, dehydroactic acid sodium, epsilon-polylysine, kojic acid, calcium gluconae, malic acid,
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, Sodium Polyacrylate are added to the water, and are well mixed.
The application method of thick-skinned melon of the present invention storage preservative specially is：Thick-skinned melon soaks in antistaling agent to 30~
60 seconds, dry, packed with the polyethylene freshness protection package single fruit bagging of punching naturally after taking-up, is then placed in plastic crate at 3 DEG C
Precooling 2 days, then be placed in the freezer that temperature is 1~2 DEG C, relative humidity is 75%~85% and preserve.
The effect of thick-skinned melon storage preservative specially each component of the present invention is as follows：1. aminoethoxyvinyl glycine
For ethylene synthesis inhibitors, the generation of ethene in muskmelon storage on the one hand can be blocked, sweet tea on the other hand can also be maintained
Melon cell SOD activity, delayed fruit ripening and senescence.2. d-Bomeol is natural bacteriostatic agent, can effectively suppress to cause muskmelon rotten
Rotten alternaric bacteria and onyx aspergillus, with efficient selectivity.3. dehydroactic acid sodium is except with the fresh-keeping effect of food antiseptic,
Can effective prevention and control melon powdery mildew, it can also suppress the activity of muskmelon respiratory enzyme, reduce the respiratory intensity of fruit, slow down physiology
Metabolism, reduces physical deterioration.4. epsilon-polylysine is a kind of polypeptide with bacteria resistance function, and it is to causing the rotten yeast of muskmelon
Bacterium, bacillus subtilis have good inhibition, while may also interfere with the polygalacturonase of muskmelon, prevent fruit soft
Change.5. kojic acid also known as kojic acid, Qu acid, can remove free radical, improve muskmelon cell viability, resist extraneous courses of infection, increase
Strong fruit resistance against diseases, while there is good color-protecting function to muskmelon pericarp.6. calcium gluconae be typically used as food calcium it is strong
Agent, nutritional agents, buffer, curing agent and intercalating agent, but it is mainly used in preventing in muskmelon cell membrane that pectin substance drops herein
Solution, keeps the hardness of fruit, and it can postpone respiratory climacteric, Delay of ripeness process in addition.7. malic acid is used for adjusting antistaling agent
PH value, improves the solubility property of antistaling agent, and its characteristic is that the activity of polyphenol oxidase in muskmelon can be suppressed in addition, prevents
Brown stain occurs for fruit.8. Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate can preferably keep the moisture and gloss of muskmelon, prevent that fruit is weightless, wilt
And discoloration, and heavy metal and agricultural chemicals harm can be reduced as chelating agent.9. Sodium Polyacrylate is emulsifying dispersant, protects muskmelon
Fresh dose has good film forming, and has some strength and toughness after film forming, plays moisturizing permeation functions, extends preservation term
Limit.In above-mentioned antistaling agent composition, d-Bomeol, dehydroactic acid sodium, epsilon-polylysine are used in combination, and effectively can suppress or kill
Multiple-microorganism pathogen, reduces melon fruit and rots, reduce economic loss to greatest extent；The sweet ammonia of aminoethoxyvinyl base
Acid, kojic acid, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate are used in combination, and can play reduction respiratory intensity, reduce nutrient consumption, prevent from softening, prolong
The effects such as slow aging, water conservation color protection, the appearance luster and inside quality of muskmelon are preferably maintained, commodity value is improved；Malic acid
Shared with epsilon-polylysine, aminoethoxyvinyl glycine, have synergistic function to both.
The constituent of thick-skinned melon storage preservative specially of the present invention is generally natural food additives, dosage peace
Entirely, in the absence of toxicity and residue problem, had complementary functions between each component, it is mutually coordinated, mutually promote, give full play of good
Anti-corrosive fresh-keeping is acted on.The antistaling agent is with low cost, prepare simple, easy to use, efficient stable, safety non-toxic, of good preservation effect,
Meet the developing direction of current antiseptic preservation of fruits and vegetables " natural, efficient, safety ".Using antistaling agent of the present invention in 2012~2014 years
Continuous 3 years in the experiment of being exaggerated property of Shaanxi Normal University's food engineering pilot experiment freezer, annual storage thick-skinned melon 1
Ton, 100 days storage periods, storage consequence face fresh color, the crisp juice of pulp matter is more, and local flavor is sweet fragrant beautiful, and rotting mechanism is 0.28, commodity
Fruit rate is up to 90%.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited only to these
Embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Exemplified by preparing water 1000g used in thick-skinned melon storage preservative specially, its raw material composition is as follows：
The preparation method of above-mentioned antistaling agent is：By 0.2g aminoethoxyvinyl glycines, 1.4g d-Bomeols, 0.2g
Dehydroactic acid sodium, 0.05g epsilon-polylysines, 3g kojic acids, 6g calcium gluconaes, 2.4g malic acid, 1g Sodium Acid Pyrophosphates,
0.03g Sodium Polyacrylates are added in 1000g water, are well mixed.
Embodiment 2
Exemplified by preparing water 1000g used in thick-skinned melon storage preservative specially, its raw material composition is as follows：
The preparation method of above-mentioned antistaling agent is same as Example 1.
Embodiment 3
Exemplified by preparing water 1000g used in thick-skinned melon storage preservative specially, its raw material composition is as follows：
The preparation method of above-mentioned antistaling agent is same as Example 1.
Embodiment 4
Exemplified by preparing water 1000g used in thick-skinned melon storage preservative specially, its raw material composition is as follows：
The preparation method of above-mentioned antistaling agent is same as Example 1.
Embodiment 5
Exemplified by preparing water 1000g used in thick-skinned melon storage preservative specially, its raw material composition is as follows：
The preparation method of above-mentioned antistaling agent is same as Example 1.
In order to prove beneficial effects of the present invention, inventor is prepared into pachydermia respectively according to the raw material proportioning of embodiment 1~5
Muskmelon preserves preservative specially, has carried out substantial amounts of laboratory research experiment, and specific test situation is as follows：
Experiment material：High-quality thick-skinned melon, kind is " new early honey 1 ", picks up from the soldierly bearing sweet tea in Xi'an City, Shanxi Province Yanliang District
Melon crop cultivation speciality cooperative society, 500~600g of fruit mass, fruit ninety percent is ripe, band stalk harvesting, no disease and pests harm, no machinery wound, harvesting
The same day is transported to Shaanxi Normal University's food engineering pilot experiment freezer.
1st, antistaling agent is handled：Thick-skinned melon is soaked 30~60 seconds in antistaling agent, dried naturally after taking-up, with punching
Polyethylene freshness protection package single fruit bagging is packed, and is put into plastic crate precooling 2 days at 3 DEG C, then be placed in temperature for 1~2 DEG C, it is relatively wet
Spend in the freezer for 75%~85% and preserve.
2nd, control treatment：Thick-skinned melon is handled without antistaling agent, and use with the above-mentioned identical packaging of experiment 1, precooling,
Storage method is preserved.
Antistaling agent processing and every group of storage of control treatment are 100kg, and storage period is 100 days, therebetween every 25 days with
Machine is sampled, and determines thick-skinned melon soluble solid content, titratable acid content, the hardness of fruit, rotting mechanism and commodity fruit rate.
Soluble solid content is determined with hand refractometer.Titratable acid content determination of acid-basetitration.The hardness of fruit, which is determined, to be used
GY-B type hardness testers meter is determined.Rotting mechanism=Σ (rot the rank × rank fruit number)/(highest rank × investigation of rotting is total
Fruit number), stage division：Fruit is divided into 7 grades, i.e., 1 grade by fruit rot size, fruit face is without rotten；2 grades, rot spot
Area is less than 2.5%；3 grades, the spot area that rots is between 2.6%~5.0%；4 grades, rot spot area account for fruit area 5.1%~
7.5%；5 grades, the spot area that rots accounts for fruit area 7.6%~10.0%；6 grades, rot spot area account for fruit area 10.1%~
12.5%；7 grades, the spot area that rots is more than fruit area 12.5%.Commodity fruit rate (%)=(have commodity value fruit number/inspection fruit
Sum) × 100.
Data processing：Test data carries out variance analysis using DPS softwares, and Multiple range test uses Duncan duncan's new multiple range methods
Test, the level of signifiance takes P ＜ 0.05 (significant difference).Result of the test the results are shown in Table 1 to determine the average value of 3 data.
Influence of the different disposal of table 1 to thick-skinned melon storage period indices
Note：The different lowercase letter significant differences in the P=0.05 levels of signifiance of the same index of same column.
As can be seen from Table 1, in whole storage, the soluble solid content of thick-skinned melon, titratable acid content,
The hardness of fruit and commodity fruit rate are on a declining curve, and rotting mechanism is in rising trend.Being handled using antistaling agent of the present invention can be effective
Ground delays thick-skinned melon soluble solid and titratable acid content to decline, and maintains the hardness of fruit, reduces fruit rot, and keep
Higher commodity fruit rate, fruit quality is good after storage, and fresh-keeping effect is substantially better than control treatment.
In order to verify beneficial effects of the present invention, the thickness that inventor is prepared into using the raw material proportioning of the embodiment of the present invention 1
Skin muskmelon preserves preservative specially, and in 2012~2014 years, continuous 3 years in Shaanxi Normal University's food engineering pilot experiment freezer
Being exaggerated property is tested, i.e., thick-skinned melon is soaked 30~60 seconds in this antistaling agent, dried naturally after taking-up, with punching
Polyethylene freshness protection package single fruit bagging is packed, and is put into plastic crate precooling 2 days at 3 DEG C, then be placed in temperature for 1~2 DEG C, it is relatively wet
Spend in the freezer for 75%~85% and preserve, annual 1 ton of thick-skinned melon of storage, 100 days storage periods, after storage fruit appearance luster and
Inside quality is showed well, and rotting mechanism is only 0.28, and commodity fruit rate is up to 90%, and fresh-keeping effect is preferable.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of thick-skinned melon preserves preservative specially, it is characterised in that it is made up of the raw material of following proportion by weight：
Above-mentioned epsilon-polylysine and Sodium Polyacrylate is food-grade, wherein the number-average molecular weight of epsilon-polylysine be 3600~
4300, the number-average molecular weight of Sodium Polyacrylate is 30,000,000~50,000,000.
2. thick-skinned melon according to claim 1 preserves preservative specially, it is characterised in that it is by following proportion by weight
Raw material composition：
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