CN110692706B - Controlled atmosphere storage method and application of agricultural products - Google Patents
Controlled atmosphere storage method and application of agricultural products Download PDFInfo
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- CN110692706B CN110692706B CN201910924091.0A CN201910924091A CN110692706B CN 110692706 B CN110692706 B CN 110692706B CN 201910924091 A CN201910924091 A CN 201910924091A CN 110692706 B CN110692706 B CN 110692706B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/144—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
- A23B7/152—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere comprising other gases in addition to CO2, N2, O2 or H2O ; Elimination of such other gases
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B5/00—Preservation of eggs or egg products
- A23B5/08—Preserving with chemicals
- A23B5/10—Preserving with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a controlled atmosphere storage method of agricultural products, which comprises the steps of agricultural product subpackaging, pretreatment and controlled atmosphere storage, wherein the controlled atmosphere storage comprises the following steps: sending the agricultural products pretreated in the step (2) into a cleaned and sterilized air-conditioned cold storage, filling high-concentration gas and keeping the gas closed, and using air-conditioned equipment to enable O in the air-conditioned cold storage to be in an O shape 2 、CO 2 The concentration is adjusted to different agricultural product controlled atmosphere storage conditions, then sealed controlled atmosphere storage is carried out, and high-concentration gas is intermittently filled in the controlled atmosphere storage process, so that the controlled atmosphere storage conditions are restored to different agricultural product controlled atmosphere storage states. According to the application, the agricultural products are pretreated firstly and then high-concentration CO is used according to the sealing characteristic of the air-conditioned cold storage 2 And the NO is used for intermittently treating the agricultural products, so that the agricultural products are prevented from being infected or rotted by plant diseases and insect pests in a high-closed and high-humidity environment in the storage process, the postharvest physiology of the picked agricultural products is adjusted, and the storage and transportation of the agricultural products and the shelf life of the agricultural products are prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural product preservation, and particularly relates to an air-conditioned storage method and application of agricultural products.
Background
Agricultural products (farm products) are articles produced in agriculture, such as tobacco leaves, melons, fruits, vegetables, peanuts, corns, and local specials in various regions. After being picked, the agricultural products lose the external nutrient supply in the storage and transportation processes, but the life activities of the agricultural products are still carried out, so the agricultural products can be softened, aged and infected by microorganisms, thereby causing deterioration, rot and serious loss. The types of the existing agricultural product preservation technologies mainly comprise the following methods: firstly, cold storage, secondly, low-temperature high-humidity preservation, thirdly, inert gas is introduced and low-temperature preservation is carried out. The temperature is one of the important factors for determining the storage quality of agricultural products, and the low-temperature refrigeration can influence the physical, chemical and mutagenic reactions of the agricultural products, inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms and prolong the storage life. However, cold sensitive fruits and vegetables are sensitive to low temperature, are easy to cause cold damage when stored at uncomfortable low temperature, have the problems of physiological metabolic disorder, softening and aging, nutrition loss and the like of agricultural products, and are easy to be infected by microorganisms to accelerate quality deterioration and severe rot of the agricultural products with cold damage. Due to the lag in cold damage symptoms, the agricultural products rapidly become rotten and deteriorate after transferring from a low-temperature environment to a warm environment, and the loss is irretrievable.
In recent years, modified atmosphere storage has become more popular. The principle of the gas regulation storage and preservation technology is that according to the postharvest respiration characteristics of agricultural products and the requirements for environmental gas, the purpose of effectively prolonging the storage and preservation periods of agricultural product varieties with postharvest respiration jump peaks is achieved by means of changing the gas components of the storage environment of the agricultural products through a mechanical gas preparation method. The technical measures of adopting the modified atmosphere storage comprise: reducing the oxygen content in the storage environment, increasing the carbon dioxide content, removing the carbon dioxide, removing ethylene and acetaldehyde gases and the like, and the heat transfer process inside and outside the storage environment is accompanied when the gas exchange of the storage environment is realized no matter which controlled atmosphere storage and fresh-keeping measures are implemented. Since the operation of the separation apparatus is carried out at a temperature of 45-50 c when the ambient air is conducted through the separation apparatus for the purpose of reducing oxygen in the storage environment, the temperature of the produced hypoxic air is also this temperature, and likewise the operation temperature for removing carbon dioxide, ethylene and acetaldehyde is also very high. For the controlled atmosphere storage and preservation of agricultural products, the storage and preservation temperature is required to be very low, so that the treated high-temperature gas returns to the storage environment after being initially cooled, and then the refrigeration equipment in the storage environment guides heat out to reach the state of relatively constant temperature in the storage environment, and the requirements for accurate temperature measurement and control and stability of the store Wen Junyi are not very high for the controlled atmosphere store due to the fact that the store temperature fluctuates due to the fact that the controlled atmosphere storage and preservation technology comprises a plurality of physical heat transfer processes of gas inside and outside the storage environment, and the controlled atmosphere storage and preservation technology also becomes a characteristic of the controlled atmosphere storage and preservation technology. Currently, there are some publications on modified atmosphere storage of agricultural products, such as:
1. patent application cn201610127220.X, a controlled atmosphere storage and preservation method of flat peach, includes the following steps: pre-cooling: after being picked, the seven to eight ripe flat peach fruits are precooled for 20 to 30 hours at the temperature of between 0 and 2 ℃, and the temperature of the core of the flat peach fruit is reduced to between 0 and 2 ℃; performing controlled atmosphere storage on the precooled flat peach fruit, wherein the controlled atmosphere storage conditions are as follows: the volume concentration of oxygen is 3-8%, the volume concentration of carbon dioxide is 3-5%, the temperature is 0-1 ℃, and the relative humidity is 85-90%. The invention can effectively prolong the storage period of flat peach, can keep higher hardness and soluble solid content of flat peach and contents of malic acid and citric acid, and better keeps the original solid-acid ratio of flat peach.
2. Patent application CN201510912742.6 discloses a garlic modified atmosphere storage method, which comprises the following process steps: selecting → cleaning → grading → airing → bagging → dormancy storage → critical storage → commodity; wherein the critical storage temperature is above freezing point critical temperature of-4 ℃, and the optimal gas component proportion of the controlled atmosphere storage is as follows: o is 2 6.1-6.5% by volume fraction, CO 2 Volume fraction of 11.0% -11.5%, N 2 81-82% by volume fraction, about 1% by volume fraction of other gases, and about 68-70% relative humidity. The controlled atmosphere storage method of the garlic can effectively prolong the shelf life of the garlic, is superior to a cold storage preservation method, can promote the consumption of the garlic and reduce the waste of the garlic.
3. Patent application CN201410211582.8 discloses a tobacco leaf mildew-proof method combining ozone sterilization and controlled atmosphere storage. The method comprises the steps of introducing mixed gas consisting of ozone and carbon dioxide into a sealed tobacco leaf stack, reducing the oxygen concentration in the sealed tobacco leaf stack to be below 6 percent, keeping the ozone concentration to be 10-100 ppm, maintaining the condition for 8-24 hours, and then filling carbon dioxide to further kill tobacco leaf microorganisms. The tobacco leaf mildew-proof method is a pollution-free, residue-free, safe and environment-friendly tobacco leaf mildew-proof method, has the advantages of simple process, good mildew-proof effect, low operation cost, and good popularization and application values and economic benefits;
4. patent application CN201410149221.5 discloses a modified atmosphere storage method of red-meat kiwi fruit, which comprises the following steps: (1) Precooling the red-meat kiwi fruit step by step; (2) And (3) performing controlled atmosphere storage on the pre-cooled fruits, wherein the controlled atmosphere storage conditions are as follows: 1-5% of oxygen volume content, 2-5% of carbon dioxide volume content, 2 +/-2 ℃ of temperature and 90-95% of humidity, wherein the air conditioning method is continuous inflation air conditioning or intermittent inflation air conditioning; the method can effectively prolong the storage period of the kiwi fruits to 180 days, has stable and good indexes of the kiwi fruits such as hardness, soluble solid, vitamin C, total phenols and the like, maintains good flavor, taste and color of the kiwi fruits, and is a safe and effective kiwi fruit storage method.
However, the method is used for the air-conditioned cold store in the air-conditioned storage process of agricultural products, and has the advantages of strong air tightness, less ventilation times and large humidity, and easily causes the mass spread of agricultural product spoilage organisms and loss; secondly, most current modified atmosphere storage methods use high concentrations of CO before the produce is stored 2 Treating agricultural products with NO, the agricultural products are not used in the storage period, and the agricultural products are in high concentration CO for a long time 2 Physiological diseases can be caused in NO environment; again, during operation, CO is often used 2 Ozone gas is introduced into a controlled atmosphere cold storage for sterilization treatment, but high-precision parts of the controlled atmosphere cold storage are often rotten due to the high sealing property of the controlled atmosphere cold storage, and once a temperature sensor and a gas content sensor have problems, the temperature sensor and the gas content sensor in the controlled atmosphere cold storage can cause disorder and great loss. Moreover, most of the air-conditioned storage methods disclosed at present aim at the preservation of single agricultural products, and the varieties of the agricultural products which can be stored in a limited space are few, so that the storage cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an air-conditioned storage method and application of agricultural products for solving the technical problems. The controlled atmosphere storage method of the application is based on high concentration CO 2 The respiration of agricultural products can be inhibited, the agricultural products are prevented from being infected by plant diseases and insect pests in the production process, and the NO gas can adjust the physiological change characteristics of the agricultural products after being picked, so that the effect of delaying senescence is achieved; according to the sealing characteristic of the air-conditioned cold storage, the agricultural products are pretreated and then high-concentration CO is used 2 And the NO is used for intermittently treating the agricultural products, so that the agricultural products are prevented from being infected or rotted by pests and diseases in the storage process due to a high-closed and high-humidity environment, the physiological change characteristic of the picked agricultural products is adjusted, and the storage and transportation of the agricultural products and the service life of a goods shelf are prolonged.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a modified atmosphere storage method of agricultural products comprises the following steps:
(1) Subpackaging agricultural products: classifying the picked agricultural products, selecting the agricultural products with uniform size, similar maturity, normal color, freshness and no obvious defect, and putting the agricultural products in the same turnover basket;
(2) Pretreatment: under a closed state, pre-cooling treatment is carried out according to the physiological characteristics of the agricultural products subpackaged in the step (1), and meanwhile, sealing fumigation treatment is carried out on the agricultural products;
(3) Modified atmosphere storage: sending the agricultural products pretreated in the step (2) into a cleaned and sterilized air-conditioned cold storage, filling high-concentration gas and keeping the gas closed, and using air-conditioned equipment to enable O in the air-conditioned cold storage to be in an O shape 2 、CO 2 The concentration is adjusted to different agricultural product controlled atmosphere storage conditions, then sealed controlled atmosphere storage is carried out, and high-concentration gas is intermittently filled in the controlled atmosphere storage process, so that the controlled atmosphere storage conditions are restored to different agricultural product controlled atmosphere storage states.
Further, in the step (1), the agricultural products are one or more of blueberries, kiwi fruits, dragon fruits, plums, gastrodia elata, edible and medicinal fungi and poultry eggs.
Further, in the step (2), the fumigation adopts the mass concentration of 1-20 mg/m 3 The ozone fumigates the agricultural products, the fumigating temperature is 0-12 ℃, and the fumigating time is 10-35 min.
Further, in the step (2), the temperature of the pre-cooling treatment is 2-12 ℃, and after the central temperature of the agricultural products reaches 2-12 ℃, the central temperature is kept for 24-48 h.
Further, in the step (2), ventilation and air diffusion are carried out on the agricultural products for 120-160 s after the sealed fumigation.
Further, in step (3), the modified atmosphere storage conditions are as follows: o is 2 0.8-10% of volume content, CO 2 The volume content is 0.8-30%, the temperature is 0-12 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is 90-95%.
Further, in step (3), the high concentration gas isCO 2 One or two of NO gas are mixed, and CO in the refrigeration storage is enabled to be filled with high-concentration gas 2 The volume fraction of NO is 2-98%; the time of the maintaining treatment is 0.5 to 12 hours.
Further, in the step (3), the intermittent filling of the high-concentration gas is performed by filling the high-concentration gas once every 9-12 days at the beginning of warehousing of the agricultural products, sealing for 0.5-12 h, and then enabling O in the controlled atmosphere refrigeration house to pass through controlled atmosphere equipment according to the physiological characteristics of the agricultural products 2 、CO 2 The concentration is adjusted to different air-conditioned storage conditions of agricultural products.
Further, in step (3), the disinfection is carried out by adopting the mass concentration of 3mg/m 3 ClO 2 Fumigating the cold storage, sealing the cold storage for 22 to 25 hours, and then ventilating the cold storage for 2 to 3 hours.
Further, the application of the modified atmosphere storage method in the preservation of agricultural products is characterized in that: can prevent the agricultural products from being infected or rotten by pests and diseases in the storage process due to a high-closed and high-humidity environment, and prolong the storage, transportation and shelf life of the agricultural products.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The controlled atmosphere storage method is based on high concentration CO 2 The respiration of agricultural products can be inhibited, the agricultural products are prevented from being infected by plant diseases and insect pests in the production process, and the NO gas can adjust the physiological change characteristics of the agricultural products after being picked, so that the effect of delaying senescence is achieved; according to the sealing characteristic of the air-conditioned cold storage, the agricultural products are pretreated and then high-concentration CO is used 2 And the NO is used for intermittently treating the agricultural products, so that the agricultural products are prevented from being infected or rotted by pests and diseases in the storage process due to a high-closed and high-humidity environment, the physiological change characteristic of the picked agricultural products is adjusted, and the storage and transportation of the agricultural products and the service life of a goods shelf are prolonged.
(2) When this application carries out the preliminary treatment to agricultural product, carries out ozone fumigation earlier, exterminates the germ that agricultural product self has, then ventilates and lets the germ that the fumigation in-process dies away, avoids the later stage to store and breed other germs, reduces the plant diseases and insect pests dip-dye for the later stage and provides the advantage.
(3) In the controlled atmosphere storage process, the introduced gas is intermittently charged, the controlled atmosphere storage condition is restored to the initial state, the storage condition is prevented from not meeting the requirement of agricultural products due to the physiological activities of equipment or the agricultural products in the storage, transportation and storage processes, and the economic loss caused by the damage of the storage condition is avoided.
(4) The controlled atmosphere storage method is simple and easy to understand, simple and convenient to operate, easy to popularize and apply, capable of storing different agricultural products in the same space, saving the space of controlled atmosphere storage of the agricultural products, very convenient to transport, store and keep fresh, and capable of reducing the cost of fresh-keeping and storage of the agricultural products.
(5) The method is particularly suitable for the fresh-keeping storage of blueberries, kiwi fruits, pitaya, plums, gastrodia elata, edible and medicinal fungi and poultry eggs.
Detailed Description
The following description will explain the embodiments of the present invention in further detail, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the embodiments are still within the scope of the present invention as claimed in the claims.
Example 1
A modified atmosphere storage method of agricultural products comprises the following steps:
(1) Subpackaging: classifying fresh blueberry fruits which are just picked, selecting fresh blueberry fruits which are uniform in size, similar in maturity, normal in color and luster, fresh and free of obvious defects, putting the fresh blueberry fruits into a 23cm < 15cm > 6cm plastic basket, and then putting the fresh blueberry fruits into a large plastic turnover basket;
(2) Pretreatment: putting the packaged blueberries obtained in the step (1) into an air-conditioned cold store, precooling fresh blueberries in a sealed state, and simultaneously using the blueberry fresh fruits with the mass concentration of 1mg/m 3 The fumigating is carried out by ozone, the fumigating time is 35min, the precooling temperature is 2-3 ℃, and the precooling time is as follows: after the temperature of the blueberry cores reaches 2-3 ℃, continuously maintaining for 24 hours;
(3) Modified atmosphere storage: sending the blueberry fruits pretreated in the step (2) into a cleaned and sterilized air-conditioned cold store, filling NO gas into the air-conditioned cold store to ensure that the volume fraction of the NO gas in the air-conditioned cold store is 95 percent, keeping the volume fraction for 0.5h, and then performing air-conditioned cooling on the blueberry fruits by using air-conditioned equipmentAdjustment of gas concentration in reservoir O 2 ：0.8％，CO 2 :5 percent, the storage temperature is 0 to 1 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 90 to 95 percent, the storage amount is 6000 jin, and the whole storage process is 80 days; in the storage process, gas is intermittently filled every 10 days to increase the volume fraction of NO gas in the refrigerator to 95 percent, the NO gas is kept for 12 hours, and then the gas concentration in the gas-conditioned refrigerator is recovered to O 2 ：0.8％，CO 2 :5 percent. The disinfection of the air-conditioned cold storage is realized by adopting the mass concentration of 3mg/m 3 Of ClO (ClO) 2 Fumigating the cold storage, sealing for 24h, and then ventilating for 3h.
After 80 days of storage, the rotting rate of all fruits was checked, and 1000 fruits were randomly selected for cold damage detection. The blueberry rotting rate of the storage treated by intermittently filling high-concentration NO is 8.13 percent, and the cold damage rate is 0 percent; the rotting rate of the blueberry directly stored in the agricultural products is 17.39%, and the cold damage rate is 12.7%. Therefore, the agricultural product fresh-keeping method can reduce the rotting of the agricultural products in the storage process due to the high-closed and high-humidity environment, and achieves the purposes of prolonging the storage and transportation of the agricultural products and prolonging the shelf life.
Example 2
A modified atmosphere storage method of agricultural products comprises the following steps:
(1) Subpackaging: classifying picked red-yang kiwi fruits, selecting fresh fruits with uniform size, similar maturity, normal color, freshness and no obvious defect, and putting the fresh fruits into a plastic turnover basket, wherein 35 jin is loaded in each basket;
(2) Pretreatment: putting the red-yang kiwifruits packaged in the step (1) into a controlled atmosphere storage, pre-cooling the packaged fresh red-yang kiwifruits, and simultaneously using the mass concentration of 20mg/m 3 The fumigating is carried out by ozone, the fumigating time is 10min, the precooling temperature is 2-3 ℃, and the precooling time is as follows: keeping the temperature of the core of the red kiwi fruit for 24 hours when the temperature of the core of the red kiwi fruit reaches 2-3 ℃;
(3) Modified atmosphere storage: sending the red kiwi fruits pretreated in the step (2) into a cleaned and sterilized air-conditioned cold storage, and filling CO 2 Gas, CO in controlled atmosphere cold storage 2 The volume fraction of the gas is 98%, the gas is kept for 4 hours, and then the gas concentration in the gas-conditioned cold storage is adjusted to be O through gas-conditioned equipment 2 ：3％，CO 2 :3 percent, the storage temperature is 0 to 1 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 90 to 95 percent, the storage amount is 15000kg, and the whole storage process is 160 days; in the storage process, intermittently filling gas every 10 days to store CO in the storage 2 The volume fraction of the gas is increased to 90 percent and is kept for 4 hours, and then the gas concentration in the gas-adjusting refrigerator is recovered to O 2 ：3％，CO 2 :3 percent; the disinfection of the air-conditioned cold storage is realized by adopting the mass concentration of 3mg/m 3 Of ClO (ClO) 2 Fumigating the cold storage, sealing for 24h, and then ventilating for 2h.
After 160 days of storage, the rotting rate of all fruits is detected, and 300 fruits are randomly selected for cold damage detection. High concentration of CO by intermittent 2 The rot rate of the red kiwi fruits in the treatment warehouse is 4.26 percent, and the cold damage rate is 0.70 percent; the rot rate of the red-yang kiwi fruits directly stored in the agricultural products is 19.26%, and the cold damage rate is 16.33%. Therefore, when the agricultural product controlled atmosphere storage method is used for keeping agricultural products fresh, the agricultural products can be prevented from being rotted in the storage process due to a high-closed and high-humidity environment, and the purposes of prolonging the storage and transportation of the agricultural products and prolonging the shelf life are achieved.
Example 3
A modified atmosphere storage method of agricultural products comprises the following steps:
(1) Subpackaging: grading the picked dragon fruits, selecting fresh fruits with uniform size, similar maturity, normal color, freshness and no obvious defect, and putting the fresh fruits into a plastic turnover basket, wherein each basket is filled with 30 jin;
(2) Pretreatment: putting the packaged dragon fruits in the step (1) into an air-conditioned cold store, pre-cooling the packaged fresh dragon fruits, and simultaneously using the mass concentration of 3mg/m 3 The fumigating is carried out by ozone, the fumigating time is 35min, the precooling temperature is 10-11 ℃, and the precooling time is as follows: keeping the temperature of the core of the dragon fruit for 24 hours when the temperature reaches 10-11 ℃;
(3) Modified atmosphere storage: sending the dragon fruit pretreated in the step (2) into a cleaned and disinfected air-conditioned cold storage, and filling NO and CO 2 Mixing the gases to ensure that the volume fraction of NO gas in the controlled atmosphere refrigerator is 50 percent and CO 2 The volume fraction of gas is 25%, maintaining for 12h, and thenThe gas concentration in the gas-regulated refrigeration house is adjusted to O through the gas-regulated equipment 2 ：2％，CO 2 :10 percent, the storage temperature is 9 to 10 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 90 to 95 percent, the storage amount is 2000kg, and the whole storage process is 40 days; in the storage process, gas is intermittently filled every 10 days, the volume fraction of NO gas in the cold storage is increased to 50%, and CO is added 2 The volume fraction of the gas is increased to 25 percent, the gas is kept for 2 hours, and then the gas concentration in the gas-adjusting refrigerator is recovered to O 2 ：2％，CO 2 :10 percent; the disinfection of the air-conditioned cold storage is realized by adopting the mass concentration of 3mg/m 3 Of ClO (ClO) 2 Fumigating the cold storage, sealing for 24h, and then ventilating for 3h.
After 40 days of storage, the rot rate of all the pitaya is detected, and 60 pitaya are randomly extracted for cold damage detection. Intermittently high-concentration NO and CO 2 The rot rate of the dragon fruits in the treatment warehouse is 4.41 percent, and the cold damage rate is 0 percent; the rot rate of the directly stored agricultural products of the dragon fruits is 9.64 percent, and the cold damage rate is 4.22 percent. Therefore, when the agricultural product controlled atmosphere storage method is used for keeping agricultural products fresh, the agricultural products can be prevented from being rotted due to a high-closed and high-humidity environment in the storage process, and the purposes of prolonging the storage, transportation and shelf life of the agricultural products are achieved.
Example 4
A modified atmosphere storage method of agricultural products comprises the following steps:
(1) Subpackaging: classifying picked bee sugar plums, selecting fresh fruits with uniform size, similar maturity, normal color, freshness and no obvious defect, and putting the fresh fruits into plastic turnover baskets, wherein each basket is filled with 30 jin;
(2) Pretreatment: putting the packaged plums in the step (1) into an air-conditioned cold store, pre-cooling the packaged fresh plums, and simultaneously using the plums with the mass concentration of 2mg/m 3 The fumigating is carried out by ozone, the fumigating time is 35min, the precooling temperature is 4-6 ℃, and the precooling time is as follows: keeping the temperature of the plum core for 48 hours when the temperature of the plum core reaches 4-6 ℃;
(3) Modified atmosphere storage: delivering the plums pretreated in the step (2) into a cleaned and sterilized air-conditioned cold storage, and filling NO and CO 2 Mixing the gases to make NO gas in the controlled atmosphere refrigeratorIs 10% by volume of CO 2 The volume fraction of the gas is 85 percent, the gas is kept for 8 hours, and then the gas concentration in the controlled atmosphere refrigerator is adjusted to be O through controlled atmosphere equipment 2 ：2％，CO 2 :3 percent, the storage temperature is 4 to 6 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 90 to 95 percent, the storage amount is 1000kg, and the whole storage process is 60 days; in the storage process, gas is intermittently filled every 10 days, the volume fraction of NO gas in the cold storage is increased to 10 percent, and CO is added 2 The volume fraction of the gas is increased to 85 percent and kept for 6 hours, and then the gas concentration in the gas-conditioned cold storage is recovered to O 2 ：2％，CO 2 :3 percent; the disinfection of the air-conditioned cold storage is realized by adopting the mass concentration of 3mg/m 3 Of ClO (ClO) 2 Fumigating the cold storage, sealing for 24h, and ventilating for 3h.
After 60 days of storage, the rotting rate of all the plums is detected, and 500 plums are randomly selected for cold damage detection. Intermittently high-concentration NO and CO 2 The rotting rate of the treated plum is 2.94%, and the cold damage rate is as follows: 0 percent; the rotting rate of the directly stored agricultural products is 7.37 percent, and the cold damage rate is as follows: 13.41 percent. Therefore, when the agricultural product controlled atmosphere storage method is used for keeping agricultural products fresh, the agricultural products can be prevented from being rotted due to a high-closed and high-humidity environment in the storage process, and the purposes of prolonging the storage, transportation and shelf life of the agricultural products are achieved.
Example 5
A modified atmosphere storage method of agricultural products comprises the following steps:
(1) Subpackaging: grading picked Dictyophora rubrovalvata, selecting fresh fruits with uniform size, similar maturity, normal color, freshness and no obvious defect, and placing into a plastic turnover basket, wherein each basket is filled with 15 jin;
(2) Pretreatment: putting the packaged Dictyophora rubrovalvata in the step (1) into a controlled atmosphere storage, pre-cooling the packaged fresh Dictyophora rubrovalvata fruits, and simultaneously using the mass concentration of 1.5mg/m 3 The fumigating is carried out by ozone, the fumigating time is 35min, the precooling temperature is 2-3 ℃, and the precooling time is as follows: keeping the temperature of the core of the Dictyophora rubrovalvata for 48 hours when the temperature of the core of the Dictyophora rubrovalvata reaches 2-3 ℃;
(3) Modified atmosphere storage: cleaning and disinfecting the dictyophora rubrovolvata pretreated in the step (2)Filling NO and CO into good air-conditioned cold storage 2 Mixing the gases to ensure that the volume fraction of NO gas in the air-conditioned cold storage is 2 percent and the CO gas 2 The volume fraction of the gas is 3 percent, the gas is kept for 8 hours, and then the gas concentration in the controlled atmosphere refrigerator is adjusted to be O through controlled atmosphere equipment 2 ：5％，CO 2 :1 percent, the storage temperature is 2 to 3 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 90 to 95 percent, the storage amount is 300kg, and the whole storage process is 20 days; in the storage process, gas is intermittently filled every 10 days, the volume fraction of NO gas in the cold storage is increased to 2 percent, and CO is added 2 The volume fraction of the gas is increased to 3 percent, the gas is kept for 2 hours, and then the gas concentration in the gas-conditioned cold storage is recovered to O 2 ：5％，CO 2 :1 percent; the sterilization of the air-conditioned cold storage is carried out by adopting the mass concentration of 3mg/m 3 ClO of (1) 2 Fumigating the cold storage, sealing for 24h, and then ventilating for 3h.
After 20 days of storage, detecting the rotting rate of all dictyophora rubrovolvata, and randomly extracting 500 dictyophora rubrovolvata for cold damage detection. Intermittently high-concentration NO and CO 2 The rotting rate of Dictyophora rubrovalvata in the treatment warehouse is 2.94%, and the cold damage rate is as follows: 2.4 percent; and the rot rate of dictyophora rubrovolvata directly stored in agricultural products is 15.62%, and the cold damage rate: 8.03 percent. Therefore, when the agricultural product controlled atmosphere storage method is used for keeping agricultural products fresh, the agricultural products can be prevented from being rotted due to a high-closed and high-humidity environment in the storage process, and the purposes of prolonging the storage, transportation and shelf life of the agricultural products are achieved.
Example 6
A modified atmosphere storage method of agricultural products comprises the following steps:
(1) Subpackaging: classifying the collected eggs, selecting eggs with uniform size, similar maturity, normal color, freshness and no obvious defect, and putting the eggs into plastic turnover baskets, wherein 15 eggs are filled in each basket;
(2) Pretreatment: putting the eggs subpackaged in the step (1) into an air-conditioned cold store, pre-cooling the fresh eggs and fruits which are subpackaged, and simultaneously using the eggs with the mass concentration of 20mg/m 3 The fumigating is carried out by ozone, the fumigating time is 10min, the precooling temperature is 10-12 ℃, and the precooling time is as follows: keeping the temperature for 24 hours when the central temperature of the eggs reaches 10-12 ℃;
(3) Modified atmosphere storage: the eggs pretreated in the step (2) are sent into a cleaned and sterilized air-conditioning refrigerator, and NO and CO are filled into the air-conditioning refrigerator 2 Mixing the gases to ensure that the volume fraction of NO gas in the air-conditioned cold storage is 10 percent and the CO gas 2 The volume fraction of the gas is 60%, the gas is kept for 4h, and then the gas concentration in the controlled atmosphere refrigerator is adjusted to be O through controlled atmosphere equipment 2 ：5％，CO 2 :30 percent, the storage temperature is 10 to 12 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 90 to 95 percent, the storage amount is 3000, and the whole storage process is 80 days; in the storage process, gas is intermittently filled every 10 days, the volume fraction of NO gas in the cold storage is increased to 10 percent, and CO is added 2 The volume fraction of the gas is increased to 60 percent and is kept for 4 hours, and then the gas concentration in the gas-adjusting refrigerator is recovered to O 2 ：5％，CO 2 :30 percent; the sterilization of the air-conditioned cold storage is carried out by adopting the mass concentration of 3mg/m 3 ClO of (1) 2 Fumigating the cold storage, sealing for 24h, and ventilating for 3h.
After 80 days of storage, the rotting rate of all the eggs was checked, and 300 eggs were randomly selected for cold damage detection. Intermittently high-concentration NO and CO 2 The rotting rate of the eggs in the treatment storehouse is 7 percent; and the rotten rate of the eggs directly stored in the agricultural products is 19 percent. Therefore, when the agricultural product controlled atmosphere storage method is used for keeping agricultural products fresh, the agricultural products can be prevented from being rotted due to a high-closed and high-humidity environment in the storage process, and the purposes of prolonging the storage, transportation and shelf life of the agricultural products are achieved.
In summary, the controlled atmosphere storage method of the present application relies on high concentrations of CO 2 The respiration of agricultural products can be inhibited, the agricultural products are prevented from being infected by plant diseases and insect pests in the production process, and the NO gas can adjust the physiological change characteristics of the agricultural products after being picked, so that the effect of delaying senescence is achieved; according to the sealing characteristic of the air-conditioned cold storage, the agricultural products are pretreated and then high-concentration CO is used 2 And the NO is used for intermittently treating the agricultural products, so that the agricultural products are prevented from being infected or rotted by plant diseases and insect pests in a high-closed and high-humidity environment in the storage process, the physiological change characteristic of the picked agricultural products is adjusted, and the storage, transportation and shelf lives of the agricultural products are prolonged.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (5)
1. A controlled atmosphere storage method of agricultural products is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Subpackaging agricultural products: classifying the picked agricultural products, selecting the agricultural products with uniform size, similar maturity, normal color, freshness and no obvious defect, and putting the agricultural products in the same turnover basket; the agricultural products are blueberries, dragon fruits, honey plums, dictyophora rubrovolvata and eggs;
(2) Pretreatment: under a closed state, pre-cooling treatment is carried out according to the physiological characteristics of the agricultural products subpackaged in the step (1), and meanwhile, sealing fumigation treatment is carried out on the agricultural products; the fumigation adopts the mass concentration of 1 to 20mg/m 3 The ozone fumigates agricultural products, wherein the temperature of fumigation is 0 to 12 ℃, and the time is 10 to 35min;
(3) Modified atmosphere storage: sending the agricultural products pretreated in the step (2) into a cleaned and sterilized air-conditioned cold storage, filling high-concentration gas and keeping the gas closed, and then using air-conditioned equipment to enable O in the air-conditioned cold storage to be in an O state 2 、CO 2 Adjusting the concentration to different controlled atmosphere storage conditions of agricultural products, then performing sealed controlled atmosphere storage, and intermittently filling high-concentration gas in the controlled atmosphere storage process to restore the controlled atmosphere storage conditions to different controlled atmosphere storage states of the agricultural products;
the high concentration gas is CO 2 And one or two of NO gas are mixed, and CO in the refrigeration storage is filled with high-concentration gas 2 The volume fraction of NO is 2 to 98 percent; the time of the maintaining treatment is 0.5 to 12h; when the agricultural product is blueberry, NO gas is filled, so that the volume fraction of the NO gas is 95%, and the NO gas is kept for 0.5h; when farmingWhen the product is dragon fruit, NO and CO are charged 2 Mixing the gases to ensure that the volume fraction of NO gas in the controlled atmosphere refrigerator is 50 percent and CO 2 The volume fraction of the gas is 25%, and the gas is kept for 12 hours; when the agricultural product is honey Li Zishi, NO and CO are filled in 2 Mixing the gases to ensure that the volume fraction of NO gas in the controlled atmosphere refrigerator is 10 percent and CO 2 The volume fraction of the gas is 85%, and the gas is kept for 8 hours; when the agricultural product is Dictyophora rubrovalvata, NO and CO are filled in 2 Mixing the gases to ensure that the volume fraction of NO gas in the controlled atmosphere refrigerator is 2 percent and CO 2 The volume fraction of the gas is 3 percent and the gas is kept for 8 hours; when the agricultural product is egg, NO and CO are filled in 2 Mixing the gases to ensure that the volume fraction of NO gas in the controlled atmosphere refrigerator is 10 percent and CO 2 The volume fraction of the gas is 60%, and the gas is kept for 4 hours;
the intermittent filling of the high-concentration gas is to fill the high-concentration gas once every 9 to 12d at the beginning of warehousing of the agricultural products, seal the high-concentration gas for 0.5 to 12h, and then lead O in the air-conditioned cold storage warehouse to pass through air-conditioning equipment according to the physiological characteristics of the agricultural products 2 、CO 2 The concentration is adjusted to different agricultural product air-conditioned storage conditions;
the modified atmosphere storage conditions are as follows: o is 2 0.8-10% volume content of CO 2 The volume content is 0.8 to 30 percent, the temperature is 0 to 12 ℃, and the relative air humidity is 90 to 95 percent.
2. A method of modified atmosphere storage of agricultural products according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the temperature of the precooling treatment is 2-12 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 24-48h after the central temperature of the agricultural product reaches 2-12 ℃.
3. A method of modified atmosphere storage of agricultural products according to claim 1, wherein: and (2) ventilating the agricultural products for 120 to 160s after the sealed fumigation.
4. A method of modified atmosphere storage of agricultural products according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the disinfection is carried out by adopting the mass concentration of 3mg/m 3 ClO 2 Fumigating the cold storage and sealing the cold storage for 22 to 25h, and then ventilating for 2 to 3h.
5. Use of the modified atmosphere storage method of any one of claims 1~4 in produce preservation.
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| CN113455538A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-10-01 | 贵州省山地资源研究所 | Anti-wrinkling fresh-keeping storage method for picked passion fruits |
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