CN103528552B - A kind of measuring method for small space - Google Patents
A kind of measuring method for small space Download PDFInfo
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- CN103528552B CN103528552B CN201310434780.6A CN201310434780A CN103528552B CN 103528552 B CN103528552 B CN 103528552B CN 201310434780 A CN201310434780 A CN 201310434780A CN 103528552 B CN103528552 B CN 103528552B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012067 mathematical method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of measuring method for small space, in order to solve the problem that prior art cannot be measured hole, ore deposit or the solution cavity of narrow space, the method comprises the following steps: S1) coordinate and the elevation of two basic points is determined on ground, two basic point elevations are equal, and by these two basic points, an inelastic line are fixed as straight line; S2) draw the free end of described inelastic line by space to be measured, each flex point place in described space to be measured arranges stationary installation, and by described stationary installation, described inelastic line is strained and fixed; S3) measure and record flex point place parameter, described parameter comprises: the line-spacing between every two points, the angle between each the inelastic line in both sides, the gradient between adjacent two points, and described point comprises flex point and basic point; S4) draw the planimetric map of described small space according to surveyed parameter, and obtain coordinate and the elevation of each flex point, so just know the landscape position that each flex point is corresponding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to survey field, refer to a kind of measuring method for small space especially.
Background technology
Existing mine surveying method has two kinds, and a kind of is determine certain any coordinate and elevation with electronic product receiving satellite signal; Another kind is the coordinate and the elevation that utilize total powerstation or transit to determine certain point.The first condition needs satellite-signal, and second method needs certain space height and width.
But, the a lot of solution cavity of China and mine, owing to being positioned at very dark underground and narrow space, both not received satellite-signal does not have enough spaces to set up the equipment of total powerstation or transit yet, and thus prior art cannot be measured the solution cavity of this kind of narrow space and mine.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of measuring method for small space, solves the problem that prior art cannot be measured small space.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
For a measuring method for small space, comprise the following steps:
S1) determine the basic point that two elevations are identical on ground, and determine coordinate and the elevation of each basic point, in each described basic point place set-point stationary installation, by each described some stationary installation inelastic line strained and fix, thus connecting two described basic points successively;
S2) draw the free end of described inelastic line by space to be measured, each flex point place set-point stationary installation in described space to be measured, and by described some stationary installation, described inelastic line is strained and fixed;
S3) measure and record desired parameters, described parameter comprises first flex point and is adjacent line-spacing L between basic point
0, line-spacing L between adjacent two flex points
x, first flex point be adjacent the gradient α of intercardinal
0, gradient α between adjacent two flex points
x, adjacent with first flex point basic point place turning β
0, other each flex point places turning β
x;
S4) draw the planimetric map of described small space according to the parameter measured, obtain coordinate and the elevation of each flex point.
Wherein, step S1) line of described two basic points is as baseline, and the plane that a little form identical with described basic point elevation is reference planes.
Step S2) described in flex point be direction or the key position point that highly changes in described small space.In addition, be not a point in each direction or the key position that highly changes, and have one fixed width, the selection of described flex point is to be convenient for measuring turning, flex point place for standard.
Step S3) middle turning β
0with the basic point adjacent with first flex point for summit, using described baseline as a limit, the line line projected in described reference planes of the basic point be adjacent with first flex point is turning β
0another limit.
Step S3) in, β
xfor the turning (x is natural number) at an xth flex point place, the elevation of an xth flex point is Zx, and the plane formed a little that elevation is Zx is xth plane.Step S3) in the turning β at each flex point place
xwith an xth flex point for summit, the line line projected in described xth plane of these flex point both sides is turning β
xboth sides.
Preferably, step S4) be specially:
1) determine drawing ratio, in described planimetric map, determine the position of each described basic point;
2) with the plane formed a little with elevations such as described basic points for reference planes, according to line-spacing L
0with gradient α
0calculate the distance L that line that first flex point be adjacent basic point projects to described reference planes
a0, by L
a0with turning β
0determine first position of flex point on described planimetric map; In like manner, determine the position of other flex points in described planimetric map successively, make the planimetric map of described small space;
3) topomap on earth's surface, small space location described in the planimetric map of described small space and same ratio is carried out in conjunction with comparison, obtain each flex point coordinate, and adopt mathematical method to calculate each flex point elevation according to surveyed parameter; Or directly adopt mathematical method to calculate coordinate and the elevation of each flex point.
Preferably, described some stationary installation comprises a base plate, is fixed on the protrusion for fixing described inelastic line on described base plate.
Preferably, the coordinate of described basic point and elevation are measured by GPS.
Preferably, step S3) described in the turning β at the basic point place adjacent with first flex point
0with the turning β at described each flex point place
xthroughput hornwork is measured.
Preferably, step S3) described in first flex point be adjacent the gradient α of intercardinal
0and the gradient α between described adjacent two flex points
xmeasured by gradiometer.Certainly, value of slope is likely zero.
Preferably, step S3) described in first flex point be adjacent line-spacing L between basic point
0and the line-spacing L between described adjacent two flex points
xadopt steel ruler or stadia surveying.
Preferably, described inelastic line is construction line or steel wire.
In such scheme, described basic point generally selects ground two points outside the small space such as solution cavity or mine, and certain described basic point also can for receiving the point of gps signal in described small space.The reference point that basic point is measured as small space, described basic point arranges two, and each basic point adopts inelastic line to connect, and wherein first basic point is starting point, the free end of described inelastic line draws each flex point to described small space successively by last basic point, is connected by each point simultaneously.
In addition, if the starting point of described small space is positioned at below straight well, first choose two points on the ground, then adopt plumb bob to move near the starting point of small space to be measured downwards the point that ground is chosen, as basic point, then measure according to such scheme.
In sum, measuring method of the present invention equipment used is simple, as long as space to be measured can allow people to pass, namely measurement can be completed, the measurement that China is arranged in the solution cavity in deep under ground or remote mountains in a large number can be solved, and the measurement of mine of total powerstation equipment cannot be built in a large number, it accurately can be provided in the position on ground when mine down-hole generation mine disaster.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the steps flow chart schematic diagram of the measuring method of small space of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is turning measuring method schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is another kind of turning measuring method schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is another turning measuring method schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the planimetric map that the embodiment of the present invention records;
Wherein, 1-protractor; The center of 11-protractor; The zero graduation line of 12-protractor; A limit at 2-turning; Another limit at 3-turning; 4-plumb bob.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of measuring method for small space, comprises the following steps:
S1) determine the basic point that two elevations are identical on ground, and determine coordinate and the elevation of each basic point, in each basic point place set-point stationary installation, by each point stationary installation inelastic line strained and fix, thus connecting two basic points successively;
S2) draw the free end of inelastic line by space to be measured, each flex point place set-point stationary installation in space to be measured, and inelastic line is strained by a stationary installation and fixes;
S3) measure and record desired parameters, parameter comprises first flex point and is adjacent line-spacing L between basic point
0, line-spacing L between adjacent two flex points
x, first flex point be adjacent the gradient α of intercardinal
0, gradient α between adjacent two flex points
x, adjacent with first flex point basic point place turning β
0, other each flex point places turning β
x;
S4) draw the planimetric map of small space according to the parameter measured, obtain coordinate and the elevation of each flex point.
Step S4) be specially:
1) determine drawing ratio, determine the position of each basic point in plan view;
2) with the plane formed a little with elevations such as basic points for reference planes, according to line-spacing L
0with gradient α
0calculate the distance L that line that first flex point be adjacent basic point projects to reference planes
a0(L
a0=L
0* cos α
0), by L
a0with turning β
0determine first position of flex point on planimetric map; In like manner, determine other flex points position in plan view successively, make the planimetric map of small space;
3) topomap on the planimetric map of small space and earth's surface, same ratio small space location is carried out in conjunction with comparison, obtain each flex point coordinate, and adopt mathematical method to calculate each flex point elevation according to surveyed parameter; Or directly adopt mathematical method to calculate coordinate and the elevation of each flex point.
Preferably, put stationary installation to comprise a base plate, be fixed on the protrusion for fixing inelastic line on base plate.Base plate can be plank, and protrusion can be iron nail, and stone or fragment of brick can be adopted in actual implementation process to fix plank.
Preferably, the coordinate of basic point and elevation are measured by GPS.
Preferably, step S3) in the turning β at the basic point place adjacent with first flex point
0with the turning β at each flex point place
xthroughput hornwork is measured.
Preferably, step S3) in first flex point be adjacent the gradient α of intercardinal
0and the gradient α between adjacent two flex points
xmeasured by gradiometer.
Preferably, step S3) in first flex point be adjacent line-spacing L between basic point
0and the line-spacing L between adjacent two flex points
xadopt steel ruler or stadia surveying.Described stadimeter can be infrared range-measurement system.
Preferably, inelastic line is construction line or steel wire.The steel wire of general employing is 18# steel wire.
As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, the turning β at an xth flex point place
xmeasurement comprise three kinds of situations:
Figure 2 shows that an xth turning β
xthe measuring method of two limits when being all positioned in xth plane, protractor 1 is adopted to measure, the center 11 of protractor is placed on an xth flex point place, a limit 2(at turning is from the limit close to basic point side) overlap with the zero graduation line 12 of protractor, the turning β that another of turning scale indicated by limit 3 is
xangle.
Figure 3 shows that an xth turning β
xbe positioned at xth plane from the limit close to basic point, and another limit is not when xth plane, turning β
xmeasuring method.The center 11 of protractor is placed in this flex point, a limit 2(at turning is from the limit close to basic point side) overlap with the zero graduation line 12 of protractor, under plumb bob 4 is auxiliary, projected on protractor on another limit 3 at turning and (be equivalent to and project xth plane), the angle shown by position that the vertical line of plumb bob 4 contacts with protractor 1 is this turning β
xangle.
Figure 4 shows that an xth turning β
xtwo limits all not when xth plane, turning β
xmeasuring method.The center 11 of protractor is placed in this flex point, protractor 1 place plane is parallel with xth plane, under plumb bob 4 is auxiliary, respectively two limits (in figure 2 and 3) are projected on protractor 1 and (be equivalent to and project xth plane), obtain two angular readings, the difference of the angle that numerical value is larger and the less angle of numerical value is this turning β
xangle.
Embodiment:
Adopt the measuring method for small space of the present invention to record plot of a mine as shown in Figure 5, comprise the following steps:
S1) basic point that two elevations are identical is determined on ground, i.e. basic point A1 and basic point A2, and coordinate and the elevation of basic point A1 and basic point A2 is determined by GPS measurement, basic point A1 and basic point A2 place are equipped with a stationary installation, this stationary installation comprises a base plate and is arranged on the ridge on base plate, respectively 18# steel wire or construction line strained and be fixed on the ridge in each point stationary installation, thus connecting basic point A1 and basic point A2 successively;
S2) free end of this 18# steel wire or construction line is drawn by space to be measured, five flex point places equal set-point stationary installation in space to be measured, also be fixed on the ridge of flex point B1 to flex point B5 place's point stationary installation successively by 18# steel wire or the tension of construction line, such five flex points and two basic points are just connected with inelastic line successively by a some stationary installation;
S3) measure and record desired parameters, parameter comprises: the 18# steel wire strained between flex point B1 and basic point A2 or the line length L that constructs
0, the 18# steel wire strained between flex point B1 and flex point B2 or construction line length L
1, the 18# steel wire strained between flex point B2 and flex point B3 or construction line length L
2, the 18# steel wire strained between flex point B3 and flex point B4 or construction line length L
3, the 18# steel wire strained between flex point B4 and flex point B5 or construction line length L
4, gradient α between flex point B1 and basic point A2
0, gradient α between flex point B1 and basic point A2
1, gradient α between flex point B2 and basic point 3
2, gradient α between flex point B3 and basic point 4
3, gradient α between flex point B4 and basic point 5
4, basic point A2 place turning β
0, flex point B1 place turning β
1, flex point B2 place turning β
2, flex point B3 place turning β
3, flex point B4 place turning β
4; Wherein, gradient α
0, α
1, α
2, α
3, α
4measured by gradiometer, turning β
0, β
1, β
2, β
3, β
4throughput hornwork is measured, length L
0, L
1, L
2, L
3, L
4steel ruler or infrared range-measurement system is adopted to measure;
S4) draw the planimetric map of small space according to the parameter measured, obtain coordinate and the elevation of each flex point.
Step S4) be specially:
1) determine drawing ratio, determine the position of basic point A1 and basic point A2 in plan view;
2) with the plane formed a little with elevations such as basic point A1 and basic point A2 for reference planes, according to line-spacing L
0with gradient α
0the line calculating flex point B1 and basic point A2 projects to the distance L of reference planes
a0(L
a0=L
0* cos α
0), by L
a0with turning β
0determine the position of flex point B1 on planimetric map; According to line-spacing L
1with gradient α
1the line calculating flex point B1 and flex point B2 projects to the distance L of first plane that a little form contour with flex point B1
a1(L
a1=L
1* cos α
1), by L
a1with turning β
1determine the position of flex point B2 on planimetric map; According to line-spacing L
2with gradient α
2the line calculating flex point B2 and flex point B3 projects to the distance L of second plane that a little form contour with flex point B2
a2(L
a2=L
2* cos α
2), by L
a2with turning β
2determine the position of flex point B3 on planimetric map; According to line-spacing L
3with gradient α
3the line calculating flex point B3 and flex point B4 projects to the distance L of three plane that a little form contour with flex point B3
a3(L
a3=L
3* cos α
3), by L
a3with turning β
3determine the position of flex point B4 on planimetric map; According to line-spacing L
4with gradient α
4the line calculating flex point B4 and flex point B5 projects to the quadriplanar distance L that a little form contour with flex point B4
a4(L
a4=L
4* cos α
4), by L
a4with turning β
4determine the position of flex point B5 on planimetric map;
3) topomap on the planimetric map of small space and earth's surface, same ratio small space location is carried out in conjunction with comparison, obtain each flex point coordinate, and adopt mathematical method to calculate each flex point elevation according to surveyed parameter; Or directly adopt mathematical method to calculate coordinate and the elevation of each flex point.
Above-mentioned just simple example, due to specifically with a varied topography, various complicated case can not limit, when measuring, the principle that this method need be utilized to introduce under the principle meeting this drawing object according to various types of flex point is carried out parameter measurement and calculates, to show that in space to be measured, each flex point projects to the position of surface plan, and to obtain its sea level elevation.
To sum up, measuring method of the present invention equipment used is simple, as long as space to be measured can allow people to get over, namely measurement can be completed, the measurement that China is arranged in the solution cavity in deep under ground or remote mountains in a large number can be solved, and the measurement of mine of total powerstation and transit cannot be built in a large number, it accurately can be provided in the position on ground when mine down-hole generation mine disaster.
These are only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. for a measuring method for small space, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S1) determine the basic point that two elevations are identical on ground, and determine coordinate and the elevation of each basic point, in each described basic point place set-point stationary installation, by each point stationary installation inelastic line strained and fix, thus connecting two described basic points successively;
S2) draw the free end of described inelastic line by space to be measured, each flex point place set-point stationary installation in described space to be measured, and by a stationary installation, described inelastic line is strained and fixed;
S3) measure and record desired parameters, described parameter comprises first flex point and is adjacent line-spacing L between basic point
0, line-spacing L between adjacent two flex points
x, first flex point be adjacent the gradient α of intercardinal
0, gradient α between adjacent two flex points
x, adjacent with first flex point basic point place turning β
0, other each flex point places turning β
x;
S4) draw the planimetric map of described small space according to the parameter measured, obtain coordinate and the elevation of each flex point.
2. the measuring method for small space according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step S4) be specially:
1) determine drawing ratio, in described planimetric map, determine the position of each described basic point;
2) with the plane formed a little with elevations such as described basic points for reference planes, according to line-spacing L
0with gradient α
0calculate the distance L that line that first flex point be adjacent basic point projects to described reference planes
a0, by L
a0with turning β
0determine first position of flex point on described planimetric map; In like manner, determine the position of other flex points in described planimetric map successively, make the planimetric map of described small space;
3) topomap on earth's surface, small space location described in the planimetric map of described small space and same ratio is carried out in conjunction with comparison, obtain each flex point coordinate, and adopt mathematical method to calculate each flex point elevation according to surveyed parameter; Or directly adopt mathematical method to calculate coordinate and the elevation of each flex point.
3. as claimed in claim 1 for the measuring method of small space, it is characterized in that: described some stationary installation comprises a base plate, is fixed on the protrusion for fixing described inelastic line on described base plate.
4., as claimed in claim 1 for the measuring method of small space, it is characterized in that: coordinate and the elevation of described basic point are measured by GPS.
5., as claimed in claim 1 for the measuring method of small space, it is characterized in that: step S3) described in the turning β at the basic point place adjacent with first flex point
0with the turning β at other each flex point places
xthroughput hornwork is measured.
6., as claimed in claim 1 for the measuring method of small space, it is characterized in that: step S3) described in first flex point be adjacent the gradient α of intercardinal
0and the gradient α between described adjacent two flex points
xmeasured by gradiometer.
7. the measuring method for small space according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step S3) described in first flex point be adjacent line-spacing L between basic point
0and the line-spacing L between described adjacent two flex points
xadopt steel ruler or stadia surveying.
8. the measuring method for small space according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described inelastic line is construction line or steel wire.
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|---|---|---|---|
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| CN103528552B true CN103528552B (en) | 2016-01-06 |
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| CN107883858A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-04-06 | 上海市建设工程监理咨询有限公司 | Large-scale dell returns the measuring method of amount of fill |
| CN113358093B (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2022-08-23 | 淮安市淮阴区城乡测绘院 | Measuring method for topographic survey |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4839967A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1989-06-20 | Huei Chin Chen | Surveying method allowing greater freedom in positioning the surveying instruments |
| WO2011141447A1 (en) * | 2010-05-10 | 2011-11-17 | Leica Geosystems Ag | Surveying method |
| CN102269584A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-12-07 | 安徽省皖北煤电集团有限责任公司百善煤矿 | Roadway height scale and measuring method thereof |
| CN102778226A (en) * | 2012-08-11 | 2012-11-14 | 山西晋城无烟煤矿业集团有限责任公司 | Calibration method for waist line of underground long-distance tunnel |
-
2013
- 2013-09-22 CN CN201310434780.6A patent/CN103528552B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4839967A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1989-06-20 | Huei Chin Chen | Surveying method allowing greater freedom in positioning the surveying instruments |
| WO2011141447A1 (en) * | 2010-05-10 | 2011-11-17 | Leica Geosystems Ag | Surveying method |
| CN102269584A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-12-07 | 安徽省皖北煤电集团有限责任公司百善煤矿 | Roadway height scale and measuring method thereof |
| CN102778226A (en) * | 2012-08-11 | 2012-11-14 | 山西晋城无烟煤矿业集团有限责任公司 | Calibration method for waist line of underground long-distance tunnel |
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