CN104535041B - Observation station position determination method and high-rise building inclination deformation measuring method - Google Patents
Observation station position determination method and high-rise building inclination deformation measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C1/00—Measuring angles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C1/00—Measuring angles
- G01C1/02—Theodolites
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
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Abstract
The invention provides an observation station position determination method and a high-rise building inclination deformation measuring method. The observation station position determination method comprises the steps that two visible points are selected freely from the periphery of a high-rise building as a point A0 and a point B0, and the length and magnetic azimuth alpha1 of a horizontal line segment A0B0 are measured; A0 is assumed as the origin of coordinates, and the inclination deformation azimuth alpha0 of the high-rise building is preliminary measured; a forestry compass is aligned to the central point O of the high-rise building, and the magnetic azimuth of an observation station A and the magnetic azimuth of an observation station B are determined. According to the observation station position determination method, the two prediction points are selected, the inclination deformation azimuth alpha0 of the high-rise building is preliminary measured through the prediction points, the forestry compass is aligned to the central point O of the high-rise building, the positions of the required corresponding azimuths are found through the positions of the needed observation stations, the positions of the needed observation stations are determined, and inclination deformation of the high-rise building can be observed through a large-angle forward intersection method and a small-angle forward intersection method.
Description
Technical field
A kind of the present invention relates to high-rise inclination observation technical field, more particularly, it relates to observation erect-position
Put determination method and high-rise inclination and distortion assay method.
Background technology
In order to ensure safe handling, need to carry out inclination and distortion measure to chimney contour level building.Deformation measurement result
Reliability directly affect correct evaluation and the accuracy of prediction of high-rise reliability step.
At present, using the gradient and deformation direction of forward intersection measure high-rise (it is understood that adopting
When total powerstation determines the gradient of high-rise with method of polar coordinates, some buildings can not produce echo), forward intersection
Measurement accuracy it is relevant with Graphic strength, it is desirable to intersection angle is 60 ° -120 °, and requires two survey station phase intercommunication videos, special
It is not that measurement result has significant system deviation when survey station is laid near stack leaning deformation direction both sides.In order to disappear
Except system deviation, two kinds of best approaches, respectively big angle forward intersection and little angle forward intersection are have developed.
Big angle forward intersection requires two observation stations respectively positioned at the normal both sides in high-rise inclination and distortion direction
Near；Little angle forward intersection requires that two observation stations are located at the relatively distant of the both sides in high-rise inclination and distortion direction respectively
Put.But how to determine the position of two observation stations, i.e., how two observation stations are laid in into high-rise inclination and distortion side
To normal both sides and how the both sides that two observation stations are laid in into high-rise inclination and distortion direction remotely, at present
Also no concrete implementation mode, leads to not using big angle forward intersection and little angle forward intersection observe skyscraper
The inclination and distortion of thing.
In sum, how to determine the position of two observation stations, with using big angle forward intersection and little angle forward intersection
Method observing the inclination and distortion of high-rise, is current those skilled in the art's problem demanding prompt solution.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of observation station location determining method, before using big angle forward intersection and little angle
Square intersection is observing the inclination and distortion of high-rise.It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of high-rise is inclined becoming
Shape assay method.
To achieve these goals, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
A kind of observation station location determining method, including step：
11) at 2 points of peripheral arbitrarily selected intervisibility of high-rise as A0Point and B0Point, determines water using total powerstation
Horizontal line section A0B0Distance, and determine the horizontal line section A using forestry compass0B0Magnetic azimuth α1, the horizontal line section
A0B0For connecting the A0Point and the B0The line segment of point；
12) assume A0Point is zero, using theodolite is with forward intersection or adopts total powerstation with method of polar coordinates
The inclination and distortion azimuth angle alpha of high-rise described in Preliminary Determination0；
13) determine observation station A and observation station B, the central point O of the high-rise, institute are directed at using forestry compass
State magnetic azimuth α of observation station AA=α0+ 90 °+10 °, magnetic azimuth α of the observation station BB=α0+ 90 ° -10 °, Huo Zhesuo
State magnetic azimuth α of observation station AA=α0- 90 °+10 °, magnetic azimuth α of the observation station BB=α0- 90 ° -10 °, or
Magnetic azimuth α of the observation station AA=α0+ 90 ° -10 °, magnetic azimuth α of the observation station BB=α0-90°+10°。
Preferably, in above-mentioned observation station location determining method,
The step 11) in, the A0The distance of central point O of the point away from the high-rise and the B0Point is away from described
The distance of the central point O of high-rise is equal, and the A0Central point O of the point away from the high-rise apart from L=
1.1*H～1.5*H；
The step 13) in, the observation station A is away from the central point O of the high-rise apart from LAOWith the observation
Stand B away from the central point O of the high-rise apart from LBOIt is equal, and centers of the observation station A away from the high-rise
Point O apart from LAO=1.1*H～1.5*H；Wherein, H is the height of the high-rise.
Preferably, in above-mentioned observation station location determining method, magnetic azimuth α of the observation station AA=α0±90°+10°
When, the horizontal line section AB length between the observation station A and the observation station B is 30-40m；When the magnetic azimuth of the observation station A
Angle αA=α0When+90 ° -10 °, the length of the horizontal line section AB between the observation station A and the observation station B is 180-200m.
The observation station location determining method that the present invention is provided, by selecting two future positions, tentatively measures according to future position
The inclination and distortion azimuth angle alpha of high-rise0, then using the central point O of forestry compass alignment high-rise, according to required
Find the position of corresponding magnetic azimuth in the position of observation station such that it is able to it is determined that the position of required observation station, and then can adopt
The inclination and distortion of high-rise is observed with big angle forward intersection and little angle forward intersection.
Based on the observation station location determining method of above-mentioned offer, present invention also offers a kind of high-rise inclination and distortion
Assay method, the high-rise inclination and distortion assay method include step：
1) observation station A and observation station B is laid using the observation station location determining method described in above-mentioned any one；
If 2) the observation station A and the observation station B phase intercommunication videos, measure between the observation station A and observation station B
Horizontal line section AB length, according to forward intersection principle, determine the first forward intersection angle α in AO directions and AB directions, survey
Determine the second forward intersection angle beta in BO directions and BA directions, the observation station A and the skyscraper are determined using forestry compass
Magnetic azimuth α of the line of direction AO of the central point O of thingAO；If the observation station A and the observation station B not intervisibility, using open traverse
Measurement method and assumed coordinate system calculating method determine the length of the horizontal line section AB between the observation station A and the observation station B, institute
State magnetic azimuth α of the line of direction AO of the central point O of observation station A and the high-riseAO, AO directions and AB directions first
Forward intersection angle α, BO direction and the second forward intersection angle beta in BA directions；
3) length according to the horizontal line section AB, the first forward intersection angle α, the second forward intersection angle beta, should
The observation station A is calculated to the central point O of the high-rise apart from L with the law of sinesAO, the observation station B is to described
The central point O of high-rise apart from LBO；
4) in the observation station A, using total powerstation or theodolite determine the predeterminated position of the high-rise relative to
The differential seat angle Δ of the high-rise bottomα, according to formula eA=Δα/ρ×LAOCalculate the skyscraper at the survey station A
The horizontal distortion component e of thingA；In the observation station B, the default position of the high-rise is determined using total powerstation or theodolite
Put the differential seat angle Δ relative to the high-rise bottomβ, according to formula eB=Δβ/ρ×LBOCalculate described at the survey station B
The horizontal distortion component e of high-riseB, wherein, ρ=206265；
5) determine eAWith eBIntersection angle γ, the intersection angle γ=180 °-alpha-beta；
6) skyscraper is obtained using vectogram diagram method according to formula (1) and formula (2) or using CAD software
Size e and inclination and distortion azimuth angle alpha of the inclination and distortion of thingoo',
αoo'=αAO-90°±cos-1(eA/e) (2)；
7) gradient i of the high-rise is calculated according to formula (3), according to formula (4), formula (5), formula (6)
Calculate and survey centering error me,
meB=mSide/ρ×LAO(5),
meA=mSide/ρ×LBO(6)；
Wherein, H is the height of the high-rise, mSideFor the middle error of direction observation, when intersection angle γ is acute angle
And eA、eBJack per line works as intersection angle γ for obtuse angle and eA、eBContrary sign, in formula (1), formula (2), formula (4), " ± " takes "+",
If when intersection angle γ is acute angle and eA、eBContrary sign works as intersection angle γ for obtuse angle and eA、eBJack per line, formula (1), formula (2),
In formula (4), " ± " takes "-"；
The step 2) in, if the observation station A and the obstructed apparent times of the observation station B, using open traverse measurement method and vacation
Position fixing system calculating method determines the length of the horizontal line section AB, magnetic azimuth αAO, the first forward intersection angle α, institute
The second forward intersection angle beta is stated, step is specifically included：
21) open traverse is laid between the observation station A and the observation station B, form N number of traverse point, N >=2；
22) assume that the observation station A is zero, determine the coordinate and the observation station B of N number of traverse point
Coordinate, and the coordinate according to the observation station A, the coordinate of the observation station B calculate the magnetic azimuth of the horizontal line section AB
αABAnd length；
23) theodolite or total powerstation is adopted to determine the horizontal line of the observation station A to the central point O of the high-rise
The angle of section AO and line segment A1, the horizontal line section BO's and line segment BN of the central point O of the observation station B to the high-rise
Angle, calculates magnetic azimuth α of the line segment AOAOWith magnetic azimuth α of the horizontal line section BOBO, wherein, near the A
The traverse point of point is No. 1 traverse point, and the traverse point near the B points is N traverse points, and the line segment A1 refers to institute
A points are stated to the horizontal line section of No. 1 traverse point, the line segment BN refers to the B points to the horizontal line of the N traverse points
Section；
24) magnetic azimuth α according to the horizontal line section ABAB, the line segment AO magnetic azimuth αAO, the line segment BO
Magnetic azimuth αBO, the first forward intersection angle α in AO directions and AB directions is calculated respectively, in front of BO directions and the second of BA directions
Intersection angle beta.
Preferably, in above-mentioned high-rise inclination and distortion assay method, LAO=LBO, meA=meB,
Wherein, R is deformation intensity coefficient.
Preferably, in above-mentioned high-rise inclination and distortion assay method, -160 ° of -25 ° of γ=20 ° or γ=155 °.
Description of the drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
Accompanying drawing to be used needed for having technology description is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
Inventive embodiment, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can be with basis
The accompanying drawing of offer obtains other accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is e in high-rise inclination and distortion assay method provided in an embodiment of the present inventionA、eBThe vectogram of jack per line；
Fig. 2 is e in high-rise inclination and distortion assay method provided in an embodiment of the present inventionA、eBThe vectogram of contrary sign；
Fig. 3 is the laying of distortion monitoring points in high-rise inclination and distortion assay method provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of high-rise inclination and distortion assay method provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the laying of various Observation Figures in high-rise inclination and distortion assay method provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation is described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than the embodiment of whole.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is every other that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Observation station location determining method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, including step：
S11) at 2 points of peripheral arbitrarily selected intervisibility of high-rise as A0Point and B0Point, is determined using total powerstation
Horizontal line section A0B0Distance, and using forestry compass determine horizontal line section A0B0Magnetic azimuth α1：
It is understood that horizontal line section A0B0For connecting the A0Point and the B0The line segment of point.Total powerstation and forest sieve
Disk instrument is existing equipment, and the using method of the two is also well known to the skilled person, and repeats no more herein.
S12) assume A0Point is zero, using theodolite is with forward intersection or adopts total powerstation with polar coordinate
The inclination and distortion azimuth angle alpha of method Preliminary Determination high-rise0：
The inclination and distortion azimuth angle alpha of Preliminary Determination high-rise0, the technology being well known to those skilled in the art, this
Text is repeated no more.
S13) determine observation station A and observation station B：
Specifically, the central point O of high-rise, magnetic azimuth α of observation station A is directed at using forestry compassA=α0+
90 °+10 °, magnetic azimuth α of observation station BB=α0+ 90 ° -10 °, or magnetic azimuth α of observation station AA=α0- 90 °+10 °,
Magnetic azimuth α of observation station BB=α0- 90 ° -10 °, or magnetic azimuth α of observation station AA=α0+ 90 ° -10 °, observation station B
Magnetic azimuth αB=α0-90°+10°。
It is understood that above-mentioned three kinds of situations, depending on needing the distribution situation according to live building.Specifically, when
When the periphery of high-rise does not have building, sight line is open, and intervisibility is good, and landform is flatter, (is seen using a kind of last situation
Magnetic azimuth α of survey station AA=α0+ 90 ° -10 °, magnetic azimuth α of observation station BB=α0- 90 °+10 °) preferably；Conversely, when building
The density of thing is larger, and uneven, and sighting condition is poor, and hypsography is larger, then using the first two kind situation (observation station A's
Magnetic azimuth αA=α0+ 90 °+10 °, magnetic azimuth α of observation station BB=α0+ 90 ° -10 °, or magnetic azimuth α of observation station AA
=α0- 90 °+10 °, magnetic azimuth α of observation station BB=α0- 90 ° -10 °) it is suitable.
Observation station location determining method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, by selecting two future positions, according at the beginning of future position
Pacing obtains the inclination and distortion azimuth angle alpha of high-rise0, then using the central point O of forestry compass alignment high-rise, root
The position of corresponding magnetic azimuth is found according to the position of required observation station such that it is able to it is determined that the position of required observation station, and then
Big angle forward intersection and little angle forward intersection can be adopted to observe the inclination and distortion of high-rise.
It should be noted that high-rise is referred to, China《High rule》(JGJ 3-2010) specifies 10 layers and more than 10 layers
Or height of house is more than other high-rise civil building xoncrete structures of the residential housing and height of house of 28m more than 24 meters.
Preferably, the observation station location determining method that above-described embodiment is provided, step S11) in, A0Point is away from high-rise
Central point O distance and B0The distance of central point O of the point away from high-rise is equal, and A0Center of the point away from high-rise
Point O apart from L=1.1*H～1.5*H；Step S13) in, observation station A is away from the central point O of high-rise apart from LAOWith sight
Survey station B is away from the central point O of high-rise apart from LBOIt is equal, and distances of the observation station A away from the central point O of high-rise
LAO=1.1*H～1.5*H；Wherein, height of the H for high-rise.
Further, in the observation station location determining method that above-described embodiment is provided, magnetic azimuth α of observation station AA=α0
When ± 90 °+10 °, the length of the horizontal line section AB between observation station A and observation station B is 30-40m；When the magnetic azimuth of observation station A
Angle αA=α0When+90 ° -10 °, the length of the horizontal line section AB between observation station A and observation station B is 180-200m.Certainly, also may be used
The length for selecting horizontal line section AB according to actual needs is other numerical value, it is not limited to this.
Based on the observation station location determining method that above-described embodiment is provided, the embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of high level and builds
Thing inclination and distortion assay method is built, the method specifically includes step：
S01 observation station A and observation station B is laid using the observation station location determining method described in above-described embodiment)；
S02) before the first of the length of the horizontal line section AB between acquisition observation station A and observation station B, AO directions and AB directions
The direction of the central point O of the second forward intersection angle beta, observation station A and high-rise in square intersection angle α, BO directions and BA directions
Magnetic azimuth α of line AOAO：
If observation station A and observation station B phase intercommunication videos, the length of the horizontal line section AB between observation station A and observation station B is measured
Degree；According to forward intersection principle, the first forward intersection angle α in AO directions and AB directions is determined, determine BO directions and BA directions
The second forward intersection angle beta；Determine the line of direction AO's of the central point O of observation station A and high-rise using forestry compass
Magnetic azimuth αAO。
If observation station A and observation station B not intervisibility, observation station is determined using open traverse measurement method and assumed coordinate system calculating method
The magnetic side of the line of direction AO of the central point O of the length, observation station A and high-rise of the horizontal line section AB between A and observation station B
Parallactic angle αAO, AO directions and AB directions first forward intersection angle α, BO direction and the second forward intersection angle beta in BA directions.Specifically
, including step：
S021) open traverse is laid between observation station A and observation station B, form N number of traverse point, N >=2；
S022) assume that observation station A is zero, determine the coordinate of the coordinate and observation station B of N number of traverse point, and root
Magnetic azimuth α of horizontal line section AB is calculated according to the coordinate of the coordinate of observation station A, observation station BABAnd length；
S023) adopt theodolite or total powerstation determine observation station A to the central point O of high-rise horizontal line section AO and
The angle of line segment A1, the angle of the horizontal line section BO and line segment BN of the central point O of observation station B to high-rise calculate outlet
Magnetic azimuth α of section AOAOWith magnetic azimuth α of horizontal line section BOBO, wherein, the traverse point near A points is No. 1 traverse point, is leaned on
The traverse point of nearly B points is N traverse points, and line segment A1 refers to A points to the horizontal line section of No. 1 traverse point, and line segment BN refers to B points to N
The horizontal line section of number traverse point；
S024) magnetic azimuth α according to horizontal line section ABAB, line segment AO magnetic azimuth αAO, line segment BO magnetic azimuth
αBO, the second forward intersection angle beta in the first forward intersection angle α in AO directions and AB directions, BO directions and BA directions is calculated respectively.
S03 length) according to horizontal line section AB, the first forward intersection angle α, the second forward intersection angle beta, using the law of sines
Calculating observation station A is to the central point O of high-rise apart from LAO, observation station B to high-rise central point O distance
LBO；
S04) in observation station A, the predeterminated position for determining high-rise using total powerstation or theodolite is built relative to high level
Build the differential seat angle Δ of thing bottomα, according to formula eA=Δα/ρ×LAOCalculate the horizontal distortion component of high-rise at survey station A
eA；In observation station B, the predeterminated position of high-rise is determined relative to high-rise bottom using total powerstation or theodolite
Differential seat angle Δβ, according to formula eB=Δβ/ρ×LBOCalculate the horizontal distortion component e of high-rise at survey station BB, wherein, ρ=
206265；
It should be noted that predeterminated position is the top or middle part of the high-rise.It is understood that top
The top of high-rise is referred to, middle part is referred in the middle part of the geometry of high-rise.Observe the default position of the high-rise
When putting, its angle is α1, when observing the high-rise bottom, its angle is α2, both differences are Δα。
S05) determine eAWith eBIntersection angle γ, intersection angle γ=180 °-alpha-beta；
S06 high-rise is obtained using vectogram diagram method according to formula (1) and formula (2) or using CAD software)
Inclination and distortion size e and inclination and distortion azimuth angle alphaoo',
αoo'=αAO-90°±cos-1(eA/e) (2)；
S07 gradient i of high-rise) is calculated according to formula (3), according to formula (4), formula (5), formula (6) meter
Calculate and survey centering error me,
meB=mSide/ρ×LAO(5),
meA=mSide/ρ×LBO(6)；
Wherein, height of the H for high-rise, mSideFor the middle error of direction observation, when intersection angle γ is acute angle and eA、
eBJack per line works as intersection angle γ for obtuse angle and eA、eBContrary sign, in formula (1), formula (2), formula (4), " ± " takes "+", works as friendship
If meeting angle γ is acute angle and eA、eBContrary sign works as intersection angle γ for obtuse angle and eA、eBJack per line, formula (1), formula (2), formula
(4) in, " ± " takes "-".
Specifically, as shown in figure 1, when intersection angle γ be acute angle when, if eA、eBJack per line, formula (1), formula (2), formula
(4) in, " ± " takes "+"；As shown in Fig. 2 when intersection angle γ is acute angle, if eA、eBContrary sign, formula (1), formula (2), formula
(4) in, " ± " takes "-".It is understood that obtaining size e of the inclination and distortion of high-rise using vectogram diagram method
With inclination and distortion azimuth angle alphaoo', refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
It should be noted that meAFor eASurvey centering error, meBFor eBMeasure middle error.
The high-rise inclination and distortion assay method of above-described embodiment offer, in order to improve accuracy of detection, is be provided
In, the total powerstation for adopting is 2 seconds level total powerstations.
Preferably, in the high-rise inclination and distortion assay method that above-described embodiment is provided, LAO=LBO,
Wherein, R is deformation intensity coefficient.
Preferably, in the high-rise inclination and distortion assay method that above-described embodiment is provided, -25 ° or γ of γ=20 °
=155 ° -160 °.
High-rise inclination and distortion assay method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, can be applicable to the observation of phase intercommunication video
Stand, also apply be applicable to the observation station of not intervisibility, and do not require that intersection angle, between 60 ° and 120 °, improves the motility at cloth station,
Field process is simple and direct, and computation model is simple；Need not lay observation monument or reflector plate on high-rise, it is to avoid
The security threat of observation monument is laid on high-rise；It is able to ensure that the precision and reliability of inclination observation achievement；Will
The observing buoy for seeking different times is equal observation row, so that it is guaranteed that the accuracy of rate of deformation and deformation equation, i.e.,
It is able to ensure that the accuracy of prediction.
It should be noted that high-rise inclination and distortion assay method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the survey of deformation values
Determine deformation intensity coefficients R (i.e. e of the precision by survey station positionA、eB, γ size and symbol) determining, and and Graphic strength
It is unrelated, therefore, when survey station is lived apart near the normal both sides of stack leaning deformation direction (big angle forward intersection | eA|≈
|eB|, γ=20 °～25 °), or when survey station live apart stack leaning deformation direction both sides remotely when (little angle forward intersection
Method | eA|≈|eB|, γ=155 °～160 °) such that it is able to significantly increase accuracy (the i.e. observing buoy of deformation observation achievement
It is true and reliable).
Meanwhile, high-rise inclination and distortion assay method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, it can be ensured that different times
Deformation observation achievement is equal observation row, and this is to improve chimney contour level building inclination and distortion prediction accuracy
Important prerequisite condition.When two survey stations are fixed, only | eA|≈|eB|, just can ensure that the deformation observation achievement of different times is
One equal observation row, this is the important prerequisite condition for studying chimney deformation rule (such as rate of deformation and deformation equation).And
And, the calculation procedure of size and the orientation of stack leaning deformation and measurement accuracy (using fx-4800P program calculators or
Excel software programming programs), data are directly inputted after having surveyed can just obtain observing buoy.
High-rise inclination and distortion assay method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, can be applicable to chimney etc..For application
Object, the embodiment of the present invention are not limited to this.
High-rise inclination and distortion assay method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, in actual application, such as Fig. 4 institutes
Show, (be approximately equal to 1.5 times of chimney height H) at about 100 meters of the central point O of chimney and lay two observation stations A, B (A,
B survey stations can not intervisibility), and make two survey stations separations attached in the normal both sides of stack leaning deformation direction by forestry compass
Closely；Or make two survey stations live apart in stack leaning deformation direction both sides remotely；Coordinate steel ruler using total powerstation or theodolite
The distance for determining AO, BO (when the obstructed apparent time of two survey stations, adopts total powerstation open traverse measurement method and Assumed coordinate between A, B
Be calculating method determining indirectly) and chimney height H；As shown in figure 3, laying distortion monitoring points 1, distortion monitoring points on chimney
2nd, distortion monitoring points 3, distortion monitoring points 4, distortion monitoring points 5, distortion monitoring points 6, distortion monitoring points 7, distortion monitoring points 8, it is first
First station is set in A points, adopt 2 seconds level total powerstations with the distortion monitoring points 1, deformation monitoring on one survey time of method of direction observation in rounds observation chimney
Point 2, distortion monitoring points 3, the direction value of distortion monitoring points 4, determine side-play amount e of chimney top (or middle part) relative to bottomA,
In the same manner, station is set in B points, with the distortion monitoring points 5 on method of direction observation in rounds observation chimney, distortion monitoring points 6, distortion monitoring points 7, change
The direction value of shape monitoring point 8, determines side-play amount e of chimney top (or middle part) relative to bottomB；Determined using forestry compass
The magnetic azimuth of AO, BO line of direction, and thereby determine that eAWith eBAngle (or using total powerstation open traverse measuring method determining
Intersection angle γ)；Size e and the displacement orientation angle α of stack leaning deformation are calculated according to formula (1) and (2) two formula of formula；Or adopt
CAD software is drawn, and with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and side-play amount eA、eBMake vectogram, directly illustrate stack leaning deformation size e and
Displacement orientation angle α；Calculate gradient i=arctan (e/H) of chimney.
Another specific practical application example, lays two benchmark on stack leaning deformation direction line and other normals
Point (intersection angle γ is close to 90 °) and then, on both sides (i.e. melting roof 17 and the machine concubine summit of the inclination and distortion line of direction of chimney
15) and its normal both sides (i.e. copper material roof point 11 and carpentry yard front level ground 13), lay two kinds of big angle forward intersections, also,
Survey station point is 100 meters or so with a distance from chimney center, and its figure is laid and sees Fig. 5.Angular difference adopts Zeiss 010B type theodolite (J2
Level) with method of direction observation in rounds single observation, baseline side is adopted steel ruler and is measured with 1/2000 precision, and surveyed using forestry compass
The magnetic azimuth for determining OA is 255 °, and its deformation observation achievement is shown in Table 1.
1 big angle forward intersection of table is compared with the observing buoy of orthogonal angular difference method
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments, enables those skilled in the art to realize or using the present invention.To this
Various modifications of a little embodiments will be apparent for a person skilled in the art, and generic principles defined herein can
Without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, to realize in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention will not be limited
It is formed on the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to consistent with principles disclosed herein and features of novelty most wide
Scope.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of observation station location determining method, it is characterised in that including step：
11) at 2 points of peripheral arbitrarily selected intervisibility of high-rise as A0Point and B0Point, determines horizontal line using total powerstation
Section A0B0Distance, and determine the horizontal line section A using forestry compass0B0Magnetic azimuth α1, the horizontal line section A0B0
For connecting the A0Point and the B0The line segment of point；
12) assume A0Point is zero, using theodolite is with forward intersection or adopts total powerstation preliminary with method of polar coordinates
Determine the inclination and distortion azimuth angle alpha of the high-rise0；
13) determine observation station A and observation station B, the central point O of the high-rise, the sight are directed at using forestry compass
Magnetic azimuth α of survey station AA=α0+ 90 °+10 °, magnetic azimuth α of the observation station BB=α0+ 90 ° -10 °, or the sight
Magnetic azimuth α of survey station AA=α0- 90 °+10 °, magnetic azimuth α of the observation station BB=α0- 90 ° -10 °, or it is described
Magnetic azimuth α of observation station AA=α0+ 90 ° -10 °, magnetic azimuth α of the observation station BB=α0-90°+10°。
2. observation station location determining method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The step 11) in, the A0The distance of central point O of the point away from the high-rise and the B0Point is away from the high level
The distance of the central point O of building is equal, and the A0Central point O of the point away from the high-rise apart from L=1.1*H～
1.5*H；
The step 13) in, the observation station A is away from the central point O of the high-rise apart from LAOWith the observation station B away from
The central point O of the high-rise apart from LBOIt is equal, and the observation station A is away from the central point O's of the high-rise
Apart from LAO=1.1*H～1.5*H；Wherein, H is the height of the high-rise.
3. observation station location determining method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that magnetic azimuth α of the observation station AA
=α0When ± 90 °+10 °, the horizontal line section AB length between the observation station A and the observation station B is 30-40m；When the sight
Magnetic azimuth α of survey station AA=α0When+90 ° -10 °, the length of the horizontal line section AB between the observation station A and the observation station B
For 180-200m.
4. a kind of high-rise inclination and distortion assay method, it is characterised in that including step：
1) observation station A and observation station are laid using the observation station location determining method as described in any one in claim 1-3
B；
If 2) the observation station A and the observation station B phase intercommunication videos, the water between the observation station A and observation station B is measured
The length of horizontal line section AB, according to forward intersection principle, determines the first forward intersection angle α in AO directions and AB directions, determines BO
The second forward intersection angle beta in direction and BA directions, determines the observation station A and the high-rise using forestry compass
Magnetic azimuth α of the line of direction AO of central point OAO；If the observation station A and the observation station B not intervisibility, measured using open traverse
Method and assumed coordinate system calculating method determine the length of the horizontal line section AB between the observation station A and the observation station B, the sight
Magnetic azimuth α of the line of direction AO of the central point O of survey station A and the high-riseAO, AO directions and AB directions first in front of
Intersection angle α, BO directions and the second forward intersection angle beta in BA directions；
3) length according to the horizontal line section AB, the first forward intersection angle α, the second forward intersection angle beta, application is just
String law calculates the observation station A to the central point O of the high-rise apart from LAO, the observation station B is to the high level
The central point O of building apart from LBO；
4) in the observation station A, the predeterminated position of the high-rise is determined relative to described using total powerstation or theodolite
The differential seat angle Δ of high-rise bottomα, according to formula eA=Δα/ρ×LAOCalculate the high-rise at the survey station A
Horizontal distortion component eA；In the observation station B, the predeterminated position phase of the high-rise is determined using total powerstation or theodolite
For the differential seat angle Δ of the high-rise bottomβ, according to formula eB=Δβ/ρ×LBOCalculate the high level at the survey station B
The horizontal distortion component e of buildingB, wherein, ρ=206265；
5) determine eAWith eBIntersection angle γ, intersection angle γ=180 °-alpha-beta；
6) high-rise is obtained using vectogram diagram method according to formula (1) and formula (2) or using CAD software
Size e and inclination and distortion azimuth angle alpha of inclination and distortionoo',
αoo'=αAO-90°±cos-1(eA/e) (2)；
7) gradient i of the high-rise is calculated according to formula (3), is calculated according to formula (4), formula (5), formula (6)
Survey centering error me,
meB=mSide/ρ×LAO(5),
meA=mSide/ρ×LBO(6)；
Wherein, H is the height of the high-rise, mSideFor the middle error of direction observation, when intersection angle γ is acute angle and eA、
eBJack per line works as intersection angle γ for obtuse angle and eA、eBContrary sign, in formula (1), formula (2), formula (4), " ± " takes "+", works as friendship
If meeting angle γ is acute angle and eA、eBContrary sign works as intersection angle γ for obtuse angle and eA、eBJack per line, formula (1), formula (2), formula
(4) in, " ± " takes "-"；
The step 2) in, if the observation station A and the obstructed apparent times of the observation station B, sat with hypothesis using open traverse measurement method
Mark system calculating method determines the length of the horizontal line section AB, magnetic azimuth αAO, the first forward intersection angle α, described
Two forward intersection angle betas, specifically include step：
21) open traverse is laid between the observation station A and the observation station B, form N number of traverse point, N >=2；
22) assume that the observation station A is zero, determine the seat of the coordinate and the observation station B of N number of traverse point
Mark, and the coordinate according to the observation station A, the coordinate of the observation station B calculate magnetic azimuth α of the horizontal line section ABAB
And length；
23) theodolite or total powerstation is adopted to determine the horizontal line section AO of the observation station A to the central point O of the high-rise
With the angle of line segment A1, the folder of the horizontal line section BO and line segment BN of the central point O of the observation station B to the high-rise
Angle, calculates magnetic azimuth α of the line segment AOAOWith magnetic azimuth α of the horizontal line section BOBO, wherein, near the A points
The traverse point be No. 1 traverse point, be N traverse points near the traverse point of the B points, the line segment A1 refers to described
Horizontal line section of the A points to No. 1 traverse point, the line segment BN refer to the B points to the horizontal line section of the N traverse points；
24) magnetic azimuth α according to the horizontal line section ABAB, the line segment AO magnetic azimuth αAO, the line segment BO magnetic side
Parallactic angle αBO, the second forward intersection angle in the first forward intersection angle α in AO directions and AB directions, BO directions and BA directions is calculated respectively
β。
5. high-rise inclination and distortion assay method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that
LAO=LBO, meA=meB, Wherein, R is deformation intensity coefficient.
6. high-rise inclination and distortion assay method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that -25 ° of γ=20 ° or
- 160 ° of person γ=155 °.
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| CN107917695B (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2021-07-27 | 南京工业大学 | A method for monitoring house tilt based on image recognition technology |
| CN108645379A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-10-12 | 广州地铁设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of observation procedure of high level City Regions building inclination |
| CN109458987B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2021-06-01 | 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 | Levelness measuring method for special ship equipment |
| CN111721262B (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2021-06-11 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Automatic guiding method for total station tracking in field elevation measurement |
| CN115790533A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-03-14 | 湖北省建筑科学研究设计院股份有限公司 | Tilt monitoring device and method for structures |
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