A kind of semiclosed In The Sub-mergedfurnace of The Ferroalloys flue-gas temperature measure and control device and investigating method
Technical field
The present invention relates to ferroalloy production field, particularly manganese is smoke temperature measurement and the control that the semiclosed mineral heating furnace flue of ferroalloy is administered engineering and power generation system with residual heat of fume.
Background technology
Ferroalloy (comprising Si-Fe, Mn-Fe, Cr-Fe, Mn-Si-Fe etc.) is in mineral hot furnace, to carry out redox reaction and the alloy that obtains.In smelting process, can produce a large amount of flue gases.Removing dust project and fume afterheat utilize engineering all to need flue-gas temperature to measure, and it is effectively controlled.
At present, the method for measurement flue-gas temperature is all to adopt thermocouple on-line measurement.Due in pipeline section, along the temperature of diametric(al) difference, be different, thereby the temperature measuring is also different.Visible, the temperature that thermocouple is measured can only represent the temperature of sample point.What is more important, thermocouple temperature measurement has serious hysteresis quality, and variations in temperature is faster, and the time of hysteresis is more.In service in mineral hot furnace, temperature usually raises suddenly tens and even a few Baidu in stove, because thermocouple can not detect the temperature after sudden change in time, thereby causes the action of fire door electric-control system lag behind and burn out system element.For example, in flue gas ash removal engineering, if flue-gas temperature raises suddenly, thermocouple has little time reaction, and the filter bag of deduster will be burned.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, not enough for prior art, a kind of semiclosed In The Sub-mergedfurnace of The Ferroalloys flue-gas temperature measure and control device and investigating method are provided, not affected by sample point, measure rapidly and accurately the temperature of the flue gas producing in semiclosed In The Sub-mergedfurnace of The Ferroalloys smelting process, solve the engineering roadblock of flue-gas temperature " indeterminacy, control ", avoid burning out system element because of the action hysteresis of fire door electric-control system.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of semiclosed In The Sub-mergedfurnace of The Ferroalloys flue-gas temperature measure and control device, comprise processor, described processor is connected with oxygen content sensor by oxygen analyser, and the probe of described oxygen content sensor inserts in semiclosed In The Sub-mergedfurnace of The Ferroalloys flue or smoke evacuation cylinder; Described processor is by driving relay to be connected with the electric-control system of semiclosed In The Sub-mergedfurnace of The Ferroalloys fire door.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of utilizing the semiclosed In The Sub-mergedfurnace of The Ferroalloys of above-mentioned measure and control device to measure exhaust gas volumn, and the method is:
(1) determine thermal discharge
1) determine the ferroalloy weight of smelting in semiclosed In The Sub-mergedfurnace of The Ferroalloys in the unit interval
In formula:
--unit interval ferroalloy weight, t/h; W is semiclosed In The Sub-mergedfurnace of The Ferroalloys input transformer active power, kW; P
dfor smelting the power consumption of 1 ton of ferroalloy, kWh/t.
2) determine the quantity V that produces CO in unit interval stove
cO:
In formula: V
cOthe CO gas flow that-unit interval produces, mol/h; The weight percentage of fixed carbon in C%-coke.
3) determine carbon monoxide completing combustion liberated heat Q in the unit interval
f:
Because every mole of CO burning liberated heat is approximately 281 kilojoules, so Q
fcan be calculated by following formula:
Q
F=281V
CO=23333WP
JC%÷P
D
In formula: Q
fcO burning liberated heat in – unit interval burner hearth, kJ/h; P
jthe dry coke weight consuming for smelting 1 ton of ferroalloy, kg/t.
(2) determine flue gas caloric receptivity Q
x
1) determine that the unit interval enters the air capacity V of burner hearth
k:
Because: CO+0.5O
2=CO
2v
o2=0.5V
cO=0.5V
cO2
In formula: V
o2-unit interval oxygen demand, mol/h; V
cO2the carbon dioxide that-unit interval CO burning produces, mol/h.
, the unit interval sucks the air capacity V of burner hearth
kfor:
=41.7WP
jc% ÷ P
d(%O
2 marks-%O
2)
In formula: V
k-the unit interval sucks the air capacity of burner hearth, mol/h; %O
2 marksand %O
2be respectively the volumn concentration of oxygen in air and flue gas.
2) determine that the unit interval flue-gas temperature of interior n mole is by T
1be elevated to T
2the heat energy needing:
In formula, Q
xfor the flue-gas temperature of n mole is by T
1be elevated to T
2the heat energy needing, unit is kJ/h;
for flue gas mean specific heat, unit is kJ/ (mol K); T
2for the flue-gas temperature after heating, unit is K; T
1for mineral hot furnace environment temperature, unit is K.
(3) determine flue-gas temperature T
2
According to heat balance principle heat absorption, equal heat release and system synthesis heat insulating coefficient product: Q
x=Q
fη or:
Arrange:
In formula: η is system synthesis heat insulating coefficient, span is 0.5-0.95.
(4) judge that flue-gas temperature is whether in the temperature range of setting with whether send action command.
If flue-gas temperature T
2lower than the flue-gas temperature lower limit of setting, processor output turns down the switching value signal of semiclosed In The Sub-mergedfurnace of The Ferroalloys fire door, turns down fire door.Until during the intermediate value that flue-gas temperature is the flue-gas temperature lower limit set and the upper limit, fire door stops action; If the flue-gas temperature upper limit that flue-gas temperature surpass to be set, the switching value signal of large fire door is left in processor output, and fire door is progressively opened greatly, until flue-gas temperature stops during for the flue-gas temperature lower limit of setting and the intermediate value of the upper limit.
Flue-gas temperature Computing Principle of the present invention is: in ferroalloy smelting process, be attended by a large amount of CO γ-ray emissions.In semiclosed furnace, the small part in these CO gases in rising through furnace charge process with raw material in oxide react, high oxide is reduced to low oxide, self is oxidized to CO
2; Major part is directly burnt and is changed CO at fire door
2gas is emitted a large amount of heats simultaneously.For the same ferroalloy trade mark, it is basic fixing that CO is emitted in unit product smelting, and CO burning liberated heat is also fixed.
In semiclosed mineral hot furnace, maximum smoke temperature is in stove, to generate the fuel gas such as CO and suck the temperature that does not have superfluous air burning to reach.In flue gas, superfluous oxygen is more, and flue gas oxygen content is higher, flue-gas temperature is just lower; Vice versa.Flue-gas temperature can be ignored the contribution of electric energy, and flue gas enthalpy can be regarded as approx completely and be provided by the heat energy that in stove, CO burning is emitted.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that the present invention has is: the present invention is under the gastight prerequisite of system, flue gas oxygen content is not affected by sample point and sample position, sensor probe is arranged on smoke evacuation cylinder optional position can quick and precisely measure the flue-gas temperature at burner hearth flue entrance place, and certainty of measurement is high, reliable results; The present invention is highly sensitive, and the measure and control device that can effectively solve current use causes the action of fire door electric-control system to lag behind, and causes system element, the problem that particularly dedusting filtering bag large area burns out.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the semiclosed In The Sub-mergedfurnace of The Ferroalloys flue-gas temperature of one embodiment of the invention measure and control device;
Fig. 2 is the semiclosed In The Sub-mergedfurnace of The Ferroalloys flue-gas temperature of one embodiment of the invention measure and control device external structure schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the semiclosed In The Sub-mergedfurnace of The Ferroalloys exhaust gas volumn of one embodiment of the invention measure and control device, comprise processor, described processor is connected with oxygen content sensor by oxygen analyser, and the probe of described oxygen content sensor inserts in semiclosed In The Sub-mergedfurnace of The Ferroalloys flue or smoke evacuation cylinder; Described processor is by driving relay to be connected with semiclosed In The Sub-mergedfurnace of The Ferroalloys fire door or the wild air-valve valve of flue; Described processor is connected with display module and Keyboard drive module; The flue gas oxygen content scope of described oxygen content sensor measurement is 0-25%.
Described processor is connected with alarm, and as buzzer, alarm can send alarm signal in limited time over the flue-gas temperature upper limit of setting or under lower than the flue-gas temperature of setting in flue-gas temperature.
Apparatus of the present invention are 100~2300 ℃ to the observing and controlling scope of flue-gas temperature.
Display module is LED display, the temperature signal of video-stream processor output.
Processor is also connected with communication module, for measure and control device of the present invention is connected with other automation equipments, automation control system, can reception and transfer instruction, data by communication module, as: the data such as exhaust gas volumn, flue-gas temperature, furnace power are shown on computer screen at a distance, control semiclosed In The Sub-mergedfurnace of The Ferroalloys motor start-stop, rotating speed height etc.
About the installation site of sensor probe, if system do not leak out, be arranged on from burner hearth flue entrance to arbitrary position air exit all can, if system air leakage should be arranged on nearly flue entrance position as far as possible.
The using method of semiclosed In The Sub-mergedfurnace of The Ferroalloys flue-gas temperature measure and control device is as follows:
1) measure and control device is arranged in cabinet, cabinet is arranged on to control room or other correct positions;
2) switch of cabinet output port and fire door electric-control system, the control circuit such as spacing are connected;
3) by Keyboard drive module (being 6 * 4 keyboards in the present embodiment), in processor (CPU), set the upper and lower bound value that flue-gas temperature is controlled;
4) probe that will oxygen content sensor inserts in flue or smoke evacuation cylinder and detects a flue gas oxygen content, and when bag-type dust engineering for smoke gas treatment, sensor probe should be arranged on deduster front end, as far as possible near the chimney segment of electric furnace end.When utilizing for fume afterheat, be arranged on deduster front end or rear end and all can;
5) connect 220V power supply to flue-gas temperature measure and control device, input local oxygen content in air, flue gas specific heat capacity (about 0.0314kJ/mol.K), system synthesis heat insulating coefficient and environment temperature, set temperature upper control limit and lower limit;
6) when flue-gas temperature is prescribed a time limit over the flue-gas temperature upper limit of setting or under lower than the flue-gas temperature of setting, the switching value signal of processor output control fire door or valve switch.
7) mineral hot furnace fire door is opened or turned down to fire door electric-control system, after receiving switching signal, automatically, increases or reduce to enter the air capacity in stove, thereby reduce or improve flue-gas temperature, completes flue-gas temperature and control.
The higher limit that flue-gas temperature is controlled and lower limit need to utilize actual conditions to set according to this electric furnace and fume afterheat.
Embodiment 1
The present invention is applied to the fibre selection of fume afterheat generating.Certain silicomanganese alloy mineral hot furnace is provided with smoke and waste steam boiler, and inner flue gas of the stove, under the effect of frequency converting induced draft fan, carries out heat exchange by waste heat boiler, then delivers to bag-type dust collector purifying smoke, and the flue gas after cloth bag purification is discharged from aiutage.Power generation system with residual heat of fume requires burner hearth flue entrance flue-gas temperature to be controlled at 450~650 ℃ of scopes.The comprehensive heat insulating coefficient of this submerged arc furnace system is 0.85 after measured, and environment temperature is 40 ℃.
The probe of sensor is arranged on to the purifying smoke aiutage 2-3 rice eminence after mineral heating furnace flue dedusting, and probe extend into exhaust cross section mid point and samples; Connect 220V power supply, input local oxygen content in air (20.95%), flue gas specific heat capacity (about 0.0314kJ/mol.K), system synthesis heat insulating coefficient (0.85) and environment temperature (40 ℃), set temperature upper control limit (450 ℃) and lower limit (650 ℃).Sensor was transported to processor by the flue gas oxygen content signal detecting in 1 second; In processor, immediately complete data processing, automatically calculate flue-gas temperature, thereby complete the measurement of flue-gas temperature.Processor is delivered to temperature signal on cabinet LED display and is shown flue-gas temperature.Illustrate: when the sample oxygen content of getting when the probe of sampling detector is 17.48%, the flue-gas temperature that LED display shows is 528 ℃, now temperature is only second to (median) between temperature upper control limit and lower limit, temperature measurement and control instrument is not exported control instruction, and fire door electric-control system is not done action and frequency conversion fan rotating speed does not adjust.When measuring flue gas oxygen content and be 16.76%, flue-gas temperature is shown as 548 ℃, and temperature has reached upper control limit.Now, processor leaves large fire door instruction to the output of fire door electric-control system, or output increases frequency control fan speed signal, the air capacity that mineral hot furnace burner hearth is sucked progressively increases, flue-gas temperature progressively declines, until temperature reaches the flue gas oxygen content 17.47% corresponding to 550 ℃ ± 550 * 10%(of median of the temperature range of setting) time action stop.Otherwise, when the flue gas oxygen content measuring is 18.17%, flue-gas temperature is shown as 450 ℃, now because temperature has reached lower limit, need to promote the temperature of flue gas, processor can turn down fire door instruction to the output of fire door electric-control system, or output reduces the signal of frequency conversion fan rotating speed, until temperature while reaching 550 ℃ of the intermediate values of temperature range of setting action stop, thereby guarantee that flue-gas temperature is in the control range of setting.
Embodiment 2
The present invention is applied to mineral heating furnace flue udst separation and administers.Certain the 2 * 25MW of company mineral heating furnace flue duster system, air-introduced machine adopts high pressure power frequency motor, and exhausting ability and pressure head all can meet peak load needs, and the said firm is originally by artificial electronic control burner hearth petticoat pipe fire door size and controls burner hearth air amount amount.Filter bag of dust collector normal working temperature is 200 ℃, and maximum operating temperature is no more than 250 ℃, and minimum temperature is not less than 150 ℃.Record this mineral hot furnace under rated power, flue gas is 145 ℃ of left and right from sample point to filter bag porch flue-gas temperature cooling extent, system heat insulating coefficient 0.8,35 ℃ of environment temperatures.
The probe of flue gas oxygen content sensor is arranged on to the position that dust pelletizing system pipeline and direct exhaust chimney are bordered on; Connect 220V power supply, input local oxygen content in air (20.95%), flue gas specific heat capacity (about 0.0314kJ/mol.K), system synthesis heat insulating coefficient (0.8) and environment temperature (35 ℃), set measurement point temperature upper control limit 395 ℃ of (=250+145=395) and 295 ℃ of lower limits (150+145=295), these two values are set as to the control point that processor sends switching value action command.When measuring flue gas oxygen content and be 18.36%, the flue-gas temperature that processor calculating draws is 395 ℃, and now temperature has reached upper control limit, processor output switch amount actuating signal, the action of fire door motor drive mechanism, opens large fire door, the air that enters burner hearth increases, and flue-gas temperature progressively reduces; When flue gas oxygen content is increased to, is 18.73% time action stops, now LED displays temperature is 345 ℃.When flue gas oxygen content increase reaches 19.09%, LED displays temperature and is 295 ℃, processor output switch amount actuating signal, the action of fire door motor drive mechanism, turns down fire door aperture, and the air that enters burner hearth reduces, and flue-gas temperature progressively raises; When flue gas oxygen content drops to, be 18.73% time action stops.Thereby guarantee that filter bag works in 150~250 ℃ of temperature ranges setting, both avoided high temperature to burn out filter bag, prevented that again low temperature from causing filter bag knot dirt.
Median in the embodiment of the present invention refers to the higher limit of flue-gas temperature set and the arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of lower limit ± 10%.