CN103500259B - A kind of modeling method of geotechnical model - Google Patents
A kind of modeling method of geotechnical model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
<b><iGreatT.Grea T.GT<u> the invention discloses the modeling method of a </u></iGreatT.Gr eaT.GT</b> geotechnical model, <b><iGreatT.Grea T.GT<u> is characterized in that, </u></iGreatT.Gr eaT.GT</b> the method is according to the self-assembling formation process of particle rock mass, in regulation region, make particle naturally fall to piling up, compacting with fully contact, then configuration is carried out by the particle deleted outside regulation shape, be calculated to balance and obtain initial in-site stress field, the method need not calculate mul compared with classical step, need not set up point board between side slope wall and soil layer, need not eliminate suspended particle, but add particles fall to calculate and configuration process, <b><iGreatT.Grea T.GT<u> its comprise the steps: </u></iGreatT.Gr eaT.GT</b> generation model periphery sides board, the rigidity of wall is set, particle is generated in layer Rock And Soil vertical direction view field, acceleration of gravity is set, particle density, rigidity, friction factor, and is calculated to the piling height of needs, interaction between particle is set, delete unwanted particle, and be calculated to balance, <b><iGreatT.Grea T.GT<u> the present invention can be used for the foundation of </u></iGreatT.Gr eaT.GT</b> Geotechnical Engineering model.
Description
Technical field
the present invention relates togeotechnical Engineering,
particularly relate toduring Geotechnical Engineering simulation, for the modeling of discrete particles shape Rock And Soil.
Background technology
PFC3D is a high-end product that Itasca company issues for 2008, is particularly suitable for the research of complicated mechanism sex chromosome mosaicism.It is utilize explicit difference algorithm and discrete element theory exploitation micro-/mesomechanics program, it is the basic mechanical characteristic considering medium from the angle of the elementary particle structure of medium, and think that the fundamental characteristics of given medium under different stress condition depends primarily on the change of contact condition between particle, be suitable for breaking and the Large travel range problem such as flowing of develops cracks problem and particle of research granular aggregate.The insoluble problem of a series of conventional numeric methods such as research structure cracking, rockfill materials characteristic and stability, mine avalanche exploitation, side slope disintegration, blasting impact can be used in Rock And Soil engineering.
PFC3D application difficulty is comparatively large, requires higher to user.The domestic application and research to PFC3D is also few, and Zhang Long etc. have studied chicken tail mountain high-speed shadowgraph technique motion process PFC3D and simulate; Chen Yikai has carried out stability analysis to the tailings warehouse dam body based on grain flow discrete element.But use the mould shapes constructed by PFC3D all fairly simple at present, size is also smaller, is difficult to the needs meeting Practical Project.
Author is engaged in modeling effort and engineering simulation application for a long time.The modeling procedure provided according to PFC3D user manual is provided; modeling there will be some problems, as radius amplification coefficient (mul) determine difficulty, the exposure level of heterogeneity granule boundary is difficult to ensure, delete between side slope wall and soil layer point board after bead fly out problem, after specifying porosity, determine mul time do not consider the impact etc. of mould shapes.These problems make the out of true of model construction, and when after building, model calculates, distortion causes problems such as doing over again more greatly.
Author considers that having particle properties Rock And Soil forming process is because the effect such as weathering, deposition makes particle successively pile up from top to bottom at vertical direction, and through the process of nature compacting.Construct according to this thought " whereabouts method (FallParticlesMethod, FPM) " construct primary stress field.Discuss basic step and the relative merits of FPM, and be applied to Tailings Dam and dump excavation example.
According to PFC3D user manual PROBLEMSOLVINGWITHPFC
3Din introduction, the general step of Geotechnical Problems numerical analysis is as shown in Figure 1.
PFC3D model construction process Problems existing
1. the problem identificatioin of radius amplification coefficient (mul)
The first step of model construction produces particle exactly, has BALL and GENERATE order.BALL order is generally used for regular texture, and GENERATE is used for geotechnical structure, and parameter radr1r2 wherein represents the random or a certain rule distribution at [r1, r2] of the radius of particle.The radius of particle and packing space size determine the quantity of particle.After using PROP to arrange the density of particle, modulus of shearing and elastic modulus, be exactly the radius amplification coefficient mul (user manual is shown in definition) of initialization particle, problem how to determine mul.If mul is less, fill discontented in designated space, pfc3d automatically will expand mul and continue to calculate, and in concrete engineering problem, particle is more, and time cost is very large; If mul is comparatively large, pfc3d will reduce mul automatically to be continued to calculate, but sets due to density, modulus of shearing and elastic modulus, point board and after initial mul amplifies radius restriction under, particle ball produces elastic deformation.At this moment designated space can hold lower particle, but particle has saved bit by bit elasticity energy, even if also cannot eliminate after performing solve, when deleting a point board after balance, particle will be elegant to the restriction direction of point board.This is in the process owing to adjusting mul, and a point board is applied with acting force to particle always.If do not use a point board in the process of adjustment mul, so the shape of model and layering Rock And Soil shape are difficult to guarantee.If use a point board, must delete, to ensure the abundant contact of DIFFERENT SOIL layer when so in the end calculating initial field stress balance.Mul is larger or littlely all there is this problem, is difficult to avoid.The present invention according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, before the deletion of structure divides board, and when deleting point board laggard row EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS 100, the model of Tailings Dam respectively as Fig. 3, shown in 4.
The contact of 2 heterogeneity granule boundaries
The related content of step and user manual according to first segment, the particle of different attribute produces respectively.As shown in Figure 3, the shape of different attribute rock-soil layer is different, the rock-soil layer of structural specifications shape, will use a point board, but uses point board existing problems.The radius of particle and packing space size determine the quantity of particle, and I has found that point spatial form of board composition also have impact on the correlation parameters such as the quantity of particle and porosity.The problem that cannot fill just is there will be when spatial form has less angle.As shown in Figure 5, be initial dam dorsal part enlarged drawing in Fig. 3.
Can find out in Fig. 5, soil layer tip place is not particles filled.Certain particle this problem less is more not obvious, but assesses the cost and can rise by index.This phenomenon from other aspect, can be thought before removing point board, and the exposure level between each layer ground particle is difficult to ensure, this is obviously not right, as shown in Figure 6.If remove a point board, unfilled space under gravity its top particle moves down, and contact restricted bead simultaneously with point board and lose the constraint meeting of wall to mobile in the other direction, make model gross distortion, this is also the reason causing Fig. 4 phenomenon.
3 porosity problems
In the engineering problem of reality, an important parameter of granule is exactly porosity.The granule of specifying porosity often will be built in PFC3D.The definition of PFC3D mesoporosity rate n is as shown in formula in Figure 21.
In formula: Vp is the particle volume that boundary wall construction model content is received, and V is that board builds model volume.
Give the method building and specify porosity model in PFC3D, derivation as shown in figure 22.
In formula: R is particle radius, R
oldthe particle radius calculated the last time, n
oldbe the model porosity calculated the last time, m is regulation coefficient, i.e. mul.
Command stream in PFC3D is:
loopwhilebp#null
sum=sum+(4.0/3.0)*pi*b_rad(bp)?3
bp=b_next(bp)
end_loop
pmeas=1.0-sum/tot_vol
_mult=((1.0-poros)/(1.0-pmeas))?(1.0/3.0)。
But formula existing problems in Figure 22, the first step of derivation thinks that the part in non-space is all the volume of particle spheroid in model.This is desirable, does not consider spheroid elastic deformation, does not more seriously consider model gap part, as the model gap part in Fig. 5.This ideal situation result in and should be filled by the space that spheroid is filled, and Vp is reduced, and n increases, and m increases.Final mul is greater than applicable mul.And then making spheroid produce larger distortion, after deletion point board, the elegant phenomenon of particle is more serious.Shape is more complicated, and mul is more inaccurate.
For the problem run in above-mentioned Practical Project, author proposes FPM and builds PFC3D model.
Summary of the invention
For the modeling procedure provided according to PFC3D user manual; modeling there will be some problems, as radius amplification coefficient (mul) determine difficulty, the exposure level of heterogeneity granule boundary is difficult to ensure, delete between side slope wall and soil layer point board after bead fly out problem, after specifying porosity, determine mul time do not consider the impact etc. of mould shapes.These problems make the out of true of model construction, and when after building, model calculates, distortion causes problems such as doing over again more greatly.Consider that having particle properties Rock And Soil forming process is because the effect such as weathering, deposition makes particle successively pile up from top to bottom at vertical direction, and through the process of nature compacting, construct " whereabouts method (FallParticlesMethod, FPM) " according to this thought and carry out tektonite soil model.
1. whereabouts method builds the process of model
FPM is by making particle successively pile up from top to bottom and the procedure construction model of compacting at vertical direction, whereabouts method is divided into overall whereabouts method (OverallParticlesFallMethod, and layering whereabouts method (HierarchicalParticlesFallMethod, HPFM) OPFM).Its flow process respectively as Fig. 7, shown in 8.Figure 9 shows that HPFM builds the process of Tailings Dam the 3rd rock-soil layer.
Fig. 9 shows the process that HPFM constructs one deck Rock And Soil.Be consistent from above-mentioned OPFM with HPFM of essence, difference is that the Rock And Soil setup of attribute of HPFM and EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS are substeps, closer to actual conditions; And OPFM is the place soil layer then assignment judging each ball by FISH statement orientation.The former EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS elapsed time is more, and the latter's setup of attribute elapsed time is more.
2. delete the method not needing particle
Here it should be noted that in two kinds of methods, delete and do not need the method for particle to be all FISH statement.But concrete realization is divided into again two kinds of methods, these two kinds of methods simply can be expressed as the particle in deletion appointed area and judge that particle is deleted after region is deleted in appointment, the former utility command stream range locates, and the latter uses FISH statement find_ball (id) to locate.The former efficiency is higher, but out of true, the latter is contrary.Rock-soil layer shape both efficiency more complicated is more close.In Fig. 9, model employs the latter and carries out particle deletion, and its command stream is as follows, and the former sees Section 4 at command stream.The Tailings Dam of HPFM structure is used finally to be calculated to the model of balance as shown in Figure 10.The CForceChains of model as shown in figure 11.
defdelz3
loopnn(20001,23000)
bp=find_ball(nn)
_brad=b_rad(bp)
_bx=b_x(bp)
_by=b_y(bp)
_bz=b_z(bp)
sx=-140
lx=100
sy=0
ly=20
sz=0
Lz1=0.125*_bx+17.5; The determination of curve is determined according to the 3rd rock-soil layer vertical direction highs and lows in Fig. 9.
if_bx>sxthen
if_bx<100then
if_bz>lz1then
command
delballrangeid=nn
end_command
end_if
end_if
end_if
end_loop
end
Figure 10 and Fig. 3 compares enveloping outer enclosure and heterogeneity rock-soil layer separatrix is not level and smooth, but coarse, tallies with the actual situation.Figure 10 and Fig. 4 compares, and Fig. 4 only calculates 100 steps and just occurred the serious elegant phenomenon of particle, and the particle of DIFFERENT SOIL layer has entered other rock-soil layers, and this is wrong, causes whole model gross distortion.Figure 10 calculates equilibrium state, does not occur the wrong phenomenon in Fig. 4, and unique obvious distortion occurred is that orlop basement rock left end is by Tailings Dam gravity extruding protuberance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The recommendation step of Fig. 1 ground numerical analysis.
The process flow diagram that Fig. 2 grain flow realistic model is set up.
Fig. 3 deletes the Tailings Dam model before point board.
Fig. 4 deletes Tailings Dam model when dividing board laggard row EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS 100.
Fig. 5 initial dam dorsal part enlarged drawing.
Fig. 6 initial dam dorsal part region contact situation.
Fig. 7 HPFM process flow diagram.
Fig. 8 OPFM process flow diagram.
Fig. 9 HPFM builds the process of Tailings Dam the 3rd rock-soil layer.
Figure 10 Tailings Dam final mask.
The CForceChains of Figure 11 model.
The dump that Figure 12 uses OPFM to construct and the diagram of the important parameter after excavating thereof.
The dump that Figure 13 uses OPFM to construct and the diagram of the important parameter after excavating thereof.
The dump that Figure 14 uses OPFM to construct and the diagram of the important parameter after excavating thereof.
The dump that Figure 15 uses OPFM to construct and the diagram of the important parameter after excavating thereof.
The dump that Figure 16 uses OPFM to construct and the diagram of the important parameter after excavating thereof.
The dump that Figure 17 uses OPFM to construct and the diagram of the important parameter after excavating thereof.
The dump that Figure 18 uses OPFM to construct and the diagram of the important parameter after excavating thereof.
The dump that Figure 19 uses OPFM to construct and the diagram of the important parameter after excavating thereof.
The dump that Figure 20 uses OPFM to construct and the diagram of the important parameter after excavating thereof.
The defined formula of Figure 21 porosity n.
Figure 22 builds the formula of specifying porosity model.
Embodiment
For principle and the use of whereabouts method, particularly HPFM are described in above-mentioned analysis, list the example of Tailings Dam.
Here illustrate and OPFM and another kind of method of deleting particle discussed.This example is the dump of certain factory, and this factory is carrying out needing in production run to use a large amount of coals, and coal pile volume is larger.Due to getting in coal process from dump toe, accidentally cause the accident on the landslide of dump.My research institute entrusts the reason analyzed and cause the accident by this factory, and preventive measure.FPC3D is specially adapted to for this dump analysis, the building process of OPFM is described with this example.Correlation parameter is: dump end face is apart from ground high (slope is high) 30m, length of grade 38.5m.Due to hardware constraints and analysis requirement, the wide of model gets 0.5m.The friction factor on ground is 0.3, and the friction factor of particle is 0.3, and the density of coal is 1400kg/m
3, elastic modulus and modulus of shearing are 1 × 10
8pa, particle radius scope [0.05m, 0.15m].Excavation part height is 3.5m, and wide is the oblique triangle of 3m, as Figure 16.
Figure 12 to Figure 20 shows the process using OPFM to construct dump, and excavates, and obtains the polar plot of each field after excavation.Here provide another kind of method of deleting particle, code is as follows:
delballrangez30.1100
defdelz2
Num=(46.5-8)/0.1; 0.1 is the minimum grain size of particle.
loopnn(1,num)
x1=8+0.1*(nn-1)
x2=8+0.1*nn
Z1=-0.7792* (x1+x2)/2+36.2338; Determination rock-soil layer vertical direction highs and lows according to Figure 17 of curve is determined.
z2=100
command
delballrangexx1x2zz1z2
end_command
end_loop
end
Author proposes and achieves " whereabouts method " structure to pfc3d geotechnical model, according to the self-assembling formation process of particle rock mass, make that bead falls to piling up naturally, compacting and fully contacting, then delete particle and carry out configuration, be calculated to balance and obtain initial field stress field model.Principal feature is as follows:
1) indicate that the modeling procedure using user manual to provide carries out the problem in geotechnical model building process.Mainly comprise: the problem identificatioin of radius amplification coefficient (mul), the exposure level problem of heterogeneity granule boundary, porosity pair radius amplification coefficient affect problem.
2) step of whereabouts method tectonic model is proposed.Whereabouts method can be divided into OPFM and HPFM, and difference is that the Rock And Soil setup of attribute of HPFM and EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS are substeps, closer to actual conditions; And OPFM is the place soil layer then assignment judging each ball by FISH statement orientation.The former EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS elapsed time is more, and the latter's setup of attribute elapsed time is more.
3) configuration method that two kinds are deleted particle is provided.Two kinds of methods can be expressed as the particle in deletion appointed area and judge that particle is deleted after region is deleted in appointment, and the former utility command stream range locates, and the latter uses FISH statement find_ball (id) to locate.The former efficiency is higher, but out of true, the latter is contrary.Rock-soil layer shape both efficiency more complicated is more close.And give the code of two kinds of methods.
Claims (3)
1. the modeling method of a geotechnical model, it is characterized in that, the method is according to the self-assembling formation process of particle rock mass, in regulation region, make that particle falls to piling up naturally, compacting and fully contacting, then carry out configuration by the particle deleted outside regulation shape, be calculated to balance and obtain initial in-site stress field; The method need not calculate mul compared with classical step, need not set up point board between side slope wall and soil layer, need not eliminate suspended particle; But add particles fall to calculate and configuration process; It comprises the steps: generation model periphery sides board, arranges the rigidity of wall; Particle is generated in layer Rock And Soil vertical direction view field; Acceleration of gravity is set, particle density, rigidity, friction factor, and is calculated to the piling height of needs; Interaction between particle is set; Delete unwanted particle, and be calculated to balance; The present invention can be used for the foundation of Geotechnical Engineering model, and wherein mul is the radius amplification coefficient of particle.
2. the modeling method of a kind of geotechnical model according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, FPM is by making particle successively pile up from top to bottom and the procedure construction model of compacting at vertical direction, whereabouts method is divided into overall whereabouts method (OverallParticlesFallMethod, and layering whereabouts method (HierarchicalParticlesFallMethod, HPFM) OPFM).
3. the modeling method of a kind of geotechnical model according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprising: 1) generation model periphery sides board, arranges the rigidity of wall; 2) in current layer Rock And Soil vertical direction view field, particle is generated; 3) acceleration of gravity is set, particle density, rigidity, friction factor, and is calculated to the piling height of needs; 4) interaction between particle is set, n_bond, s_bond; 5) delete unwanted particle, and be calculated to balance; 6) adjust correlation parameter, and be calculated to balance.
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| CN104793260B (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2017-07-04 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of method for determining residual coal spontaneous combustion to Stability of Open Mining Slope |
| CN103793938A (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2014-05-14 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Mountainous region surface construction method |
| CN104615482B (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2017-11-07 | 长安大学 | The analogy method that a kind of cold regeneration mix is crushed in compacting process |
| CN104732857B (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2018-01-16 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of analogy method of wind slap body |
| CN105808858B (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2018-10-16 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of construction method of random packing under gravity structure and random bubble structure |
| CN105699627A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-06-22 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Method for determining slope angle of side slope |
| CN107330227A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-11-07 | 南京大学 | Consider the discrete Meta Model and method for numerical simulation of the Rock And Soil triaxial test of film effect |
| CN109558642A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-04-02 | 河海大学 | A kind of side slope motion process analysis pre-treating method based on particle stream |
| CN113720992B (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2022-08-02 | 河海大学 | Method for simulating influence of rainfall effect on rock-soil body by raindrop falling method |
| CN117688823B (en) * | 2024-02-04 | 2024-05-14 | 北京航空航天大学 | Rock-soil particle track prediction method, electronic equipment and medium |
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