CN103500259A - Modeling method of rock-soil model - Google Patents

Modeling method of rock-soil model Download PDF

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CN103500259A
CN103500259A CN201310490587.4A CN201310490587A CN103500259A CN 103500259 A CN103500259 A CN 103500259A CN 201310490587 A CN201310490587 A CN 201310490587A CN 103500259 A CN103500259 A CN 103500259A
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particles
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soil
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赫飞
赵东洋
崔铁军
吴迪
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Liaoning Technical University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种岩土模型的建模方法,<b/>其特征在于,该方法根据颗粒岩体的自然形成过程,在规定区域内使颗粒自然下落堆积、压实和充分接触,然后通过删除规定形状外的颗粒进行构型,计算至平衡得到初始地应力场;与经典步骤相比该方法不用计算mul,不用建立边坡墙和土层间的分界墙,不用消除悬浮颗粒;但增加了颗粒下落计算和构型过程;其包括如下步骤:生成模型外围边界墙,设置墙的刚度;在层岩土体竖直方向投影区域内生成颗粒;设置重力加速度,颗粒密度,刚度,摩擦系数,并计算至需要的堆积高度;设置颗粒之间的相互作用;删除不需要的颗粒,并计算至平衡;本发明可用于岩土工程模型的建立。

Figure 201310490587

The invention discloses a modeling method of a rock-soil model, which is characterized in that, according to the natural formation process of the granular rock mass, the method makes the particles naturally fall and accumulate, compact and fully contact in a specified area, and then The configuration is performed by deleting particles outside the specified shape, and the initial in-situ stress field is obtained through calculation until equilibrium; compared with the classical procedure, this method does not need to calculate mul, build a boundary wall between the slope wall and the soil layer, and eliminate suspended particles; but The particle drop calculation and configuration process are added; it includes the following steps: generate the boundary wall around the model, and set the stiffness of the wall; generate particles in the vertical projection area of the stratum rock and soil; set the acceleration of gravity, particle density, stiffness, friction coefficient, and calculate to the required stacking height; set the interaction between particles; delete unnecessary particles, and calculate to balance; the invention can be used for establishment of geotechnical engineering model.

Figure 201310490587

Description

一种岩土模型的建模方法A Modeling Method of Geotechnical Model

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及 岩土工程, 特别是涉及 岩土工程模拟时,对于松散颗粒状岩土体的建模。 The invention relates to geotechnical engineering, in particular to the modeling of loose granular rock and soil during geotechnical engineering simulation.

背景技术 Background technique

PFC3D是Itasca公司2008年发布的一款高端产品,特别适合于复杂机理性问题研究。它是利用显式差分算法和离散元理论开发的微/细观力学程序,它是从介质的基本粒子结构的角度考虑介质的基本力学特性,并认为给定介质在不同应力条件下的基本特性主要取决于粒子之间接触状态的变化,适用研究粒状集合体的破裂和破裂发展问题、以及颗粒的流动等大位移问题。在岩土体工程中可以用来研究结构开裂、堆石材料特性和稳定性、矿山崩落开采、边坡解体、爆破冲击等一系列传统数值方法难以解决的问题。 PFC3D is a high-end product released by Itasca in 2008, which is especially suitable for the research of complex mechanism problems. It is a micro/micro-mechanics program developed by using explicit difference algorithm and discrete element theory. It considers the basic mechanical properties of the medium from the perspective of the basic particle structure of the medium, and considers the basic properties of a given medium under different stress conditions It mainly depends on the change of the contact state between particles, and is suitable for studying the cracking and cracking development of granular aggregates, as well as large displacement problems such as the flow of particles. In geotechnical engineering, it can be used to study a series of problems that are difficult to solve by traditional numerical methods, such as structural cracking, rockfill material properties and stability, mine caving mining, slope disintegration, and blasting impact.

PFC3D应用难度较大,对用户要求较高。国内对PFC3D的应用和研究并不多,张龙等研究了鸡尾山高速远程滑坡运动过程PFC3D模拟;陈宜楷对基于颗粒流离散元的尾矿库坝体进行了稳定性分析。但是目前使用PFC3D所构建的模型形状都比较简单,尺寸也比较小,难以满足实际工程的需要。 The application of PFC3D is more difficult and has higher requirements for users. There are not many applications and researches on PFC3D in China. Zhang Long et al. studied the PFC3D simulation of Jiweishan high-speed long-distance landslide movement process; Chen Yikai conducted a stability analysis on the tailings dam body based on particle flow discrete elements. But at present, the shapes and sizes of the models constructed by PFC3D are relatively simple, and it is difficult to meet the needs of practical engineering.

作者长时间从事模拟研究和工程模拟应用。认为根据PFC3D用户手册提供的建模步骤,建模会出现一些问题,如半径放大系数(mul)确定困难、不同性质颗粒边界的接触程度难以保证、删除边坡墙和土层间的分界墙后小球飞出的问题、在指定孔隙率后确定mul时不考虑模型形状的影响等。这些问题使模型构建的不精确,构建后模型进行计算时变形较大导致返工等问题。 The author has been engaged in simulation research and engineering simulation application for a long time. It is believed that according to the modeling steps provided by the PFC3D user manual, there will be some problems in modeling, such as the difficulty in determining the radius magnification factor (mul), the difficulty in ensuring the contact degree of grain boundaries with different properties, and the removal of the boundary wall between the slope wall and the soil layer. The problem of the ball flying out, the influence of the model shape is not considered when determining the mul after specifying the porosity, etc. These problems make the model construction inaccurate, and the deformation of the model after calculation is large, resulting in rework and other problems.

作者考虑到具有颗粒性质岩土体形成过程是由于风化、沉积等作用使颗粒在竖直方向从下到上逐层堆积,并经过自然压实的过程。按照该思想构建了”下落法(Fall Particles Method,FPM)”来构造初始应力场。论述了FPM的基本步骤和优缺点,并应用于尾矿库及煤堆开挖实例。 The author considers that the formation process of granular rock and soil mass is due to weathering, deposition, etc., which make the particles accumulate layer by layer from bottom to top in the vertical direction, and undergo a natural compaction process. According to this idea, the "falling method" (Fall Particles Method, FPM)" to construct the initial stress field. The basic steps, advantages and disadvantages of FPM are discussed, and applied to the excavation examples of tailings ponds and coal piles.

根据PFC3D用户手册PROBLEM SOLVING WITH PFC3D中的介绍,岩土问题数值分析的一般步骤如图1所示。 According to the introduction in the PFC3D user manual PROBLEM SOLVING WITH PFC 3D , the general steps of numerical analysis of geotechnical problems are shown in Figure 1.

PFC3D模型构建过程存在的问题 Problems in the PFC3D model building process

1.半径放大系数(mul)的确定问题 1. Determination of radius magnification factor (mul)

模型构建的第一步就是产生颗粒,有BALL和GENERATE命令。BALL命令一般用于规则结构,GENERATE用于岩土结构,其中的参数rad r1 r2表示颗粒的半径在[r1,r2]随机或某一规律分布。颗粒的半径和填充空间尺寸决定了颗粒的数量。在使用PROP设置颗粒的密度、剪切模量和弹性模量后,就是初始化颗粒的半径放大系数mul(定义见用户手册),问题是如何确定mul。如果mul较小,指定空间内填充不满,pfc3d将自动扩大mul继续计算,在具体的工程问题中,颗粒较多,时间成本很大;如果mul较大,pfc3d将自动缩小mul继续计算,但是由于密度、剪切模量和弹性模量已经设定,在分界墙和经过最初mul放大后半径的限制下,颗粒球产生弹性变形。这时指定空间可以容纳下颗粒,但是颗粒积攒了弹性能,即使执行solve后也无法消除,当平衡后删除分界墙,颗粒就会向分界墙的限制方向飘逸。这是由于调整mul的过程中,分界墙对颗粒一直施加了作用力。如果调整mul的过程中不使用分界墙,那么模型的形状和分层岩土体形状难以保证。如果使用分界墙,那么在最后计算初始地应力平衡时必须删除,以保证不同岩土层的充分接触。无论mul较大或较小都存在这个问题,难以避免。本发明根据图1和图2,构造的删除分界墙前,和删除分界墙后进行平衡计算100时,尾矿库的模型分别如图3,4所示。 The first step of model construction is to generate particles, there are BALL and GENERATE commands. The BALL command is generally used for regular structures, and GENERATE is used for geotechnical structures, where the parameter rad r1 r2 means that the radius of the particle is randomly or regularly distributed in [r1, r2]. The radius of the particles and the size of the filled space determine the number of particles. After using PROP to set the density, shear modulus and elastic modulus of the particles, the radius magnification factor mul of the particles is initialized (see the user manual for the definition). The problem is how to determine mul. If the mul is small and the specified space is not filled enough, pfc3d will automatically expand the mul to continue the calculation. In specific engineering problems, there are many particles and the time cost is very high; if the mul is large, pfc3d will automatically shrink the mul to continue the calculation, but due to Density, shear modulus, and modulus of elasticity have been set so that the particle spheres are elastically deformed under the constraints of the boundary wall and the radius after the initial mul enlargement. At this time, the designated space can accommodate particles, but the particles have accumulated elastic energy, which cannot be eliminated even after performing solve. When the boundary wall is deleted after balancing, the particles will flow in the direction restricted by the boundary wall. This is because during the process of adjusting mul, the boundary wall has been exerting force on the particles. If the boundary wall is not used in the process of adjusting the mul, the shape of the model and the shape of the layered rock and soil mass are difficult to guarantee. If a boundary wall is used, it must be removed in the final calculation of the initial ground stress balance to ensure adequate contact between the different soil layers. This problem exists regardless of whether the mul is large or small, and it is difficult to avoid. According to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the models of the tailing ponds are shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 respectively when the balance calculation 100 is carried out before and after the demarcation wall is deleted according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 .

2 不同性质颗粒边界的接触 2. The contact of particle boundaries with different properties

根据第一节所述步骤和用户手册的相关内容,不同属性的颗粒是分别产生的。如图3所示,不同属性岩土层的形状不同,要构造规定形状的岩土层,就要使用分界墙,但是使用分界墙存在问题。颗粒的半径和填充空间尺寸决定了颗粒的数量,本人发现了分界墙组成的空间形状也影响了颗粒的数量和孔隙率等相关参数。当空间形状有较小的角度时就会出现无法填充的问题。如图5所示,为图3中初期坝背侧放大图。 According to the steps described in the first section and the relevant content of the user manual, particles with different properties are produced separately. As shown in Figure 3, the geotechnical layers with different attributes have different shapes. To construct a geotechnical layer with a specified shape, a dividing wall must be used, but there are problems in using the dividing wall. The radius of the particles and the size of the filled space determine the number of particles. I found that the shape of the space formed by the boundary wall also affects the number of particles and related parameters such as porosity. The infill problem occurs when the spatial shape has small angles. As shown in Figure 5, it is an enlarged view of the back side of the initial dam in Figure 3.

图5中可以看出,土层尖端处没有颗粒填充。当然颗粒越小这个问题越不明显,但是计算成本会指数上升。这个现象从另一个方面看,可以认为在去掉分界墙前,各层岩土颗粒之间的接触程度难以保证,这显然不对,如图6所示。如果去掉分界墙,未填充的空间在重力作用下其上部颗粒向下移动,同时与分界墙接触受限制的小球失去了墙的约束会向反方向移动,使模型严重变形,这也是造成图4现象的原因。 As can be seen in Figure 5, there is no particle filling at the tip of the soil layer. Of course, the smaller the particles, the less obvious this problem is, but the computational cost will increase exponentially. Looking at this phenomenon from another aspect, it can be considered that before the boundary wall is removed, the degree of contact between rock and soil particles in each layer is difficult to guarantee, which is obviously wrong, as shown in Figure 6. If the boundary wall is removed, the upper particles of the unfilled space will move downward under the action of gravity, and at the same time, the contact with the boundary wall is limited. The ball will lose the constraint of the wall and move in the opposite direction, which will seriously deform the model. 4 reasons for the phenomenon.

3 孔隙率问题 3 Porosity problem

在实际的工程问题中,颗粒体的一个重要参数就是孔隙率。在PFC3D中经常要构建指定孔隙率的颗粒体。PFC3D中孔隙率n的定义如图21中公式所示。 In practical engineering problems, an important parameter of granular body is porosity. In PFC3D, it is often necessary to construct granular bodies with specified porosity. The definition of porosity n in PFC3D is shown in the formula in Figure 21.

式中:Vp是分界墙构建模型内容纳的颗粒体积,V是界墙构建模型体积。 In the formula: Vp is the volume of particles accommodated in the construction model of the boundary wall, and V is the volume of the construction model of the boundary wall.

PFC3D中给出了构建指定孔隙率模型的方法,推导过程如图22所示。 PFC3D provides a method for constructing a specified porosity model, and the derivation process is shown in Figure 22.

式中:R是颗粒半径,R old是上一次计算得到的颗粒半径,n old是上一次计算得到的模型孔隙率,m是调整系数,即mul。 In the formula: R is the particle radius, R old is the particle radius obtained from the previous calculation, n old is the model porosity obtained from the previous calculation, and m is the adjustment coefficient, namely mul.

PFC3D中的命令流为: The command flow in PFC3D is:

loop while bp # null loop while bp # null

sum = sum + (4.0/3.0) * pi * b_rad(bp)ˆ3 sum = sum + (4.0/3.0) * pi * b_rad(bp)ˆ3

bp = b_next(bp) bp = b_next(bp)

end_loop end_loop

pmeas = 1.0 - sum / tot_vol pmeas = 1.0 - sum / tot_vol

_mult=((1.0-poros)/(1.0-pmeas))ˆ(1.0/3.0)。 _mult=((1.0-poros)/(1.0-pmeas))ˆ(1.0/3.0).

但图22中公式存在问题,推导的第一步认为模型中非空隙的部分全部是颗粒球体的体积。这是理想的,没有考虑球体弹性变形,更严重的是未考虑模型尖端空隙部分,如图5中的模型尖端空隙部分。这种理想情况导致了应被球体填充的空间未被填充,使Vp减小,n增加,m增加。最终的mul大于适用的mul。进而使球体产生更大的变形,删除分界墙后颗粒的飘逸现象更严重。形状越复杂,mul越不准确。 However, there is a problem with the formula in Figure 22. The first step in the derivation is that all the non-void parts in the model are the volume of the particle sphere. This is ideal, without considering the elastic deformation of the sphere, and what is more serious is that the tip void part of the model is not considered, such as the tip void part of the model in Figure 5. This ideal situation results in the unfilled space that should be filled by the sphere, making Vp decrease, n increase, and m increase. The final mul is greater than the applicable mul. In turn, the sphere has a greater deformation, and the particle flow is more serious after the boundary wall is deleted. The more complex the shape, the less accurate the mul.

针对上述实际工程中遇到的问题,作者提出了FPM构建PFC3D模型。 Aiming at the problems encountered in the above-mentioned practical engineering, the author proposes FPM to construct the PFC3D model.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

针对根据PFC3D用户手册提供的建模步骤,建模会出现一些问题,如半径放大系数(mul)确定困难、不同性质颗粒边界的接触程度难以保证、删除边坡墙和土层间的分界墙后小球飞出的问题、在指定孔隙率后确定mul时不考虑模型形状的影响等。这些问题使模型构建的不精确,构建后模型进行计算时变形较大导致返工等问题。考虑到具有颗粒性质岩土体形成过程是由于风化、沉积等作用使颗粒在竖直方向从下到上逐层堆积,并经过自然压实的过程,按照该思想构建了“下落法(Fall Particles Method,FPM)”来构造岩土模型。 According to the modeling steps provided by the PFC3D user manual, there will be some problems in modeling, such as the difficulty in determining the radius magnification factor (mul), the difficulty in ensuring the contact degree of grain boundaries with different properties, and the removal of the boundary wall between the slope wall and the soil layer. The problem of the ball flying out, the influence of the model shape is not considered when determining the mul after specifying the porosity, etc. These problems make the model construction inaccurate, and the deformation of the model after calculation is large, resulting in rework and other problems. Considering that the formation process of rock and soil with granular properties is due to weathering, deposition, etc., the particles accumulate layer by layer in the vertical direction from bottom to top, and undergo natural compaction. According to this idea, the "falling method" (Fall Particles Method, FPM)" to construct the geotechnical model.

1.下落法构建模型的过程 1. The process of building a model by the falling method

FPM是通过使颗粒在竖直方向从下到上逐层堆积并压实的过程构造模型的,下落法分为整体下落法(Overall Particles Fall Method, OPFM)和分层下落法(Hierarchical Particles Fall Method, HPFM)。其流程分别如图7,8所示。图9所示为HPFM构建尾矿库第三岩土层的过程。 FPM constructs the model through the process of accumulating and compacting particles layer by layer from bottom to top in the vertical direction. The drop method is divided into the overall drop method (Overall Particles Fall Method, OPFM) and Hierarchical Fall Method (Hierarchical Particles Fall Method, HPFM). The processes are shown in Figures 7 and 8 respectively. Figure 9 shows the process of HPFM constructing the third rock and soil layer of the tailings pond.

图9显示了HPFM构造一层岩土体的过程。从实质上述OPFM和HPFM是一致的,区别在于HPFM的岩土体属性设置和平衡计算是分步的,更接近于实际情况;而OPFM是通过FISH语句定向判断每个球的所在土层然后赋值的。前者平衡计算消耗时间较多,后者属性设置消耗时间较多。 Figure 9 shows the process of constructing a layer of geotechnical mass by HPFM. In essence, the above-mentioned OPFM and HPFM are consistent, the difference is that HPFM’s geotechnical property setting and balance calculation are step-by-step, which is closer to the actual situation; while OPFM uses FISH statements to determine the soil layer where each ball is located and then assign values of. The former consumes more time for balance calculation, and the latter consumes more time for attribute setting.

2. 删除不需要颗粒的方法 2. Method of removing unwanted particles

这里需要说明的是两种方法中,删除不需要颗粒的方法都是FISH语句。但是具体的实现又分为两种方法,这两种方法可以简单的表述为删除指定区域内的颗粒和判断颗粒在指定删除区域后删除,前者使用命令流range定位,后者使用FISH语句find_ball(id)定位。前者的效率较高,但不精确,后者相反。岩土层形状越复杂两者的效率越接近。图9中模型使用了后者进行颗粒删除,其命令流如下所示,前者命令流见第4节。使用HPFM构造的尾矿库最终计算至平衡的模型如图10所示。模型的CForce Chains如图11所示。 What needs to be explained here is that in the two methods, the method for deleting unnecessary particles is a FISH statement. However, the specific implementation is divided into two methods. These two methods can be simply expressed as deleting the particles in the specified area and judging that the particles are deleted after the specified deletion area. The former uses the command flow range to locate, and the latter uses the FISH statement find_ball( id) positioning. The former is more efficient, but imprecise, and the latter is the opposite. The more complicated the shape of the rock and soil layer, the closer the efficiency of the two is. The model in Figure 9 uses the latter to delete particles, and its command flow is shown below, and the former command flow is shown in Section 4. The final calculation to equilibrium model of the tailings pond constructed using HPFM is shown in Figure 10. Model CForce Chains are shown in Figure 11.

def delz3 def delz3

loop nn(20001,23000) loop nn(20001,23000)

bp=find_ball(nn) bp=find_ball(nn)

_brad = b_rad(bp) _brad = b_rad(bp)

_bx = b_x(bp) _bx = b_x(bp)

_by = b_y(bp) _by = b_y(bp)

_bz = b_z(bp) _bz = b_z(bp)

sx=-140 sx=-140

lx=100 lx=100

sy=0 sy=0

ly=20 ly=20

sz=0 sz=0

lz1=0.125*_bx+17.5 ; 曲线的确定是根据图9中第三岩土层竖直方向最高点和最低点确定的。 lz1=0.125*_bx+17.5 ; The determination of the curve is based on the highest point and the lowest point in the vertical direction of the third rock and soil layer in Figure 9.

if _bx>sx then if _bx>sx then

if _bx<100 then if_bx<100 then

if _bz>lz1 then if _bz>lz1 then

command command

del ball range id =nn del ball range id = nn

end_command end_command

end_if end_if

end_if end_if

end_if end_if

end_loop end_loop

end end

图10与图3相比外包络线和不同性质岩土层分界线不是平滑的,而是粗糙的,符合实际情况。图10与图4相比,图4只计算100步就出现了严重的颗粒飘逸现象,而且不同岩土层的颗粒已进入其他岩土层,这是错误的,导致整个模型严重变形。图10已经计算到平衡状态,没出现图4中的错误现象,唯一出现的明显变形是最下层基岩左端被尾矿库重力挤压隆起。 Compared with Fig. 3, the outer envelope line and the boundary line of different rock-soil layers in Fig. 10 are not smooth, but rough, which conforms to the actual situation. Comparing Fig. 10 with Fig. 4, Fig. 4 only calculates 100 steps and there is a serious phenomenon of particle drifting, and the particles of different rock-soil layers have entered other rock-soil layers, which is wrong and causes serious deformation of the whole model. Figure 10 has been calculated to the equilibrium state, and the error phenomenon in Figure 4 does not appear. The only obvious deformation is that the left end of the bottom bedrock is squeezed and uplifted by the gravity of the tailings pond.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1 岩土数值分析的推荐步骤。 Fig. 1 Recommended procedure for numerical analysis of geotechnical soils.

图2 颗粒流实际模型建立的流程图。 Fig. 2 Flowchart of establishing the actual model of particle flow.

图3 删除分界墙前的尾矿库模型。 Figure 3 Delete the model of the tailings pond before the dividing wall.

图4删除分界墙后进行平衡计算100时尾矿库模型。 Figure 4 is the tailings pond model at 100 when the balance calculation is performed after the dividing wall is deleted.

图5 初期坝背侧放大图。 Fig. 5 Enlarged view of the dorsal side of the initial dam.

图6 初期坝背侧区域接触情况。 Fig. 6 Contact situation of the dorsal area of the initial dam.

图7 HPFM流程图。 Figure 7 HPFM flow chart.

图8 OPFM流程图。 Figure 8 OPFM flow chart.

图9 HPFM构建尾矿库第三岩土层的过程。 Figure 9 The process of HPFM constructing the third rock and soil layer of the tailings pond.

图10尾矿库最终模型。 Figure 10 The final model of the tailings pond.

图11 模型的CForce Chains。 Figure 11 Model CForce Chains.

图12 使用OPFM构造的煤堆及其开挖后的重要参数图示。 Fig. 12 Illustration of important parameters of a coal pile constructed using OPFM and its excavation.

图13 使用OPFM构造的煤堆及其开挖后的重要参数图示。 Fig. 13 Illustration of important parameters of a coal pile constructed using OPFM and its excavation.

图14 使用OPFM构造的煤堆及其开挖后的重要参数图示。 Fig. 14 Illustration of important parameters of a coal pile constructed using OPFM and its excavation.

图15 使用OPFM构造的煤堆及其开挖后的重要参数图示。 Fig. 15 Illustration of important parameters of a coal pile constructed using OPFM and its excavation.

图16 使用OPFM构造的煤堆及其开挖后的重要参数图示。 Fig. 16 Illustration of important parameters of a coal pile constructed using OPFM and its excavation.

图17 使用OPFM构造的煤堆及其开挖后的重要参数图示。 Fig. 17 Illustration of important parameters of a coal pile constructed using OPFM and its excavation.

图18 使用OPFM构造的煤堆及其开挖后的重要参数图示。 Fig. 18 Illustration of a coal pile constructed using OPFM and its important parameters after excavation.

图19 使用OPFM构造的煤堆及其开挖后的重要参数图示。 Fig. 19 Illustration of important parameters of a coal pile constructed using OPFM and its excavation.

图20 使用OPFM构造的煤堆及其开挖后的重要参数图示。 Fig. 20 Illustration of important parameters of a coal pile constructed using OPFM and its excavation.

图21 孔隙率n的定义公式。 Fig. 21 The definition formula of porosity n.

图22 构建指定孔隙率模型的公式。 Fig. 22 Formulas for constructing a model with specified porosity.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

在上述分析中为说明下落法,特别是HPFM的原理和使用,列举了尾矿库的例子。 In the above analysis, in order to illustrate the principle and use of the drop method, especially the HPFM, an example of a tailings pond was cited.

这里举例对OPFM和另一种删除颗粒的方法进行论述。该例为某工厂的煤堆,该工厂在进行生产过程中需使用大量的煤,煤堆体积较大。由于在从煤堆坡脚处取煤过程中,不慎造成煤堆的滑坡的事故。我研究所受该工厂委托分析造成事故的原因,及其预防措施。对于该煤堆分析特别适用于FPC3D,以此例说明OPFM的构建过程。相关参数为:煤堆顶面距地面高(坡高)30m,坡长38.5m。由于硬件限制和分析要求,模型的宽取0.5m。地面的摩擦系数为0.3,颗粒的摩擦系数为0.3,煤的密度为1400kg/m3,弹性模量和剪切模量为1×108Pa,颗粒半径范围[0.05m,0.15m]。开挖部分高为3.5m,宽为3m的斜三角形,如图16。 An example of OPFM and another method of particle deletion is discussed here. This example is a coal pile in a factory, which needs to use a large amount of coal in the production process, and the coal pile has a large volume. Because in the process of taking coal from the slope foot of the coal pile, the landslide accident of the coal pile was accidentally caused. Our research institute was entrusted by the factory to analyze the cause of the accident and its preventive measures. For this coal pile analysis, it is especially suitable for FPC3D, and this example illustrates the construction process of OPFM. The relevant parameters are: the height of the coal pile top from the ground (slope height) is 30m, and the slope length is 38.5m. Due to hardware limitations and analysis requirements, the width of the model is taken as 0.5m. The friction coefficient of the ground is 0.3, the friction coefficient of particles is 0.3, the density of coal is 1400kg/m 3 , the elastic modulus and shear modulus are 1×10 8 Pa, and the particle radius range is [0.05m, 0.15m]. The excavation part is an oblique triangle with a height of 3.5m and a width of 3m, as shown in Figure 16.

图12至图20显示了使用OPFM构造煤堆的过程,并进行了开挖,得到了开挖后的各场的矢量图。这里给出另一种删除颗粒的方法,代码如下: Figures 12 to 20 show the process of using OPFM to construct coal piles, and excavate them, and obtain the vector diagrams of each field after excavation. Here is another method to delete particles, the code is as follows:

del ball range z 30.1 100 del ball range z 30.1 100

def delz2 def delz2

num=(46.5-8)/0.1 ;0.1为颗粒的最小粒径。 num=(46.5-8)/0.1; 0.1 is the minimum particle size of the particles.

loop nn(1,num) the loop nn(1,num)

x1=8+0.1*(nn-1) x1=8+0.1*(nn-1)

x2=8+0.1*nn x2=8+0.1*nn

z1=-0.7792*(x1+x2)/2+36.2338 ; 曲线的确定是根据图17所示岩土层竖直方向最高点和最低点确定的。 z1=-0.7792*(x1+x2)/2+36.2338 ; The determination of the curve is based on the highest point and the lowest point in the vertical direction of the rock and soil layer shown in Figure 17.

z2=100 z2=100

command command

del ball range x x1 x2 z z1 z2 del ball range x x1 x2 z z1 z2

end_command end_command

end_loop end_loop

end end

作者提出并实现了“下落法”对pfc3d岩土模型的构造,根据颗粒岩体的自然形成过程,使小球自然下落堆积、压实和充分接触,然后删除颗粒进行构型,计算至平衡得到初始地应力场模型。主要特点如下: The author proposes and implements the "drop method" for the construction of the pfc3d geotechnical model. According to the natural formation process of the granular rock mass, the small balls are naturally dropped and accumulated, compacted and fully contacted, and then the particles are deleted for configuration, and the calculation is carried out until the balance is obtained. Initial stress field model. The main features are as follows:

1)指出了使用用户手册提供的建模步骤进行岩土模型构建过程中的问题。主要包括:半径放大系数(mul)的确定问题,不同性质颗粒边界的接触程度问题,孔隙率对半径放大系数的影响问题。 1) Point out the problems in the process of building geotechnical models using the modeling steps provided in the user manual. It mainly includes: the determination of the radius magnification factor (mul), the contact degree of grain boundaries with different properties, and the influence of porosity on the radius magnification factor.

2)提出了下落法构造模型的步骤。下落法可分为OPFM和HPFM,区别在于HPFM的岩土体属性设置和平衡计算是分步的,更接近于实际情况;而OPFM是通过FISH语句定向判断每个球的所在土层然后赋值的。前者平衡计算消耗时间较多,后者属性设置消耗时间较多。 2) The steps for constructing the model by the drop method are proposed. The drop method can be divided into OPFM and HPFM. The difference is that the rock and soil property setting and balance calculation of HPFM are step-by-step, which is closer to the actual situation; while OPFM uses the FISH statement to determine the soil layer where each ball is located and assign values. . The former consumes more time for balance calculation, and the latter consumes more time for attribute setting.

3)提供了两种删除颗粒的构型方法。两种方法可以表述为删除指定区域内的颗粒和判断颗粒在指定删除区域后删除,前者使用命令流range定位,后者使用FISH语句find_ball(id)定位。前者的效率较高,但不精确,后者相反。岩土层形状越复杂两者的效率越接近。并给出了两种方法的代码。 3) Two configuration methods for deleting particles are provided. The two methods can be expressed as deleting the particles in the specified area and judging that the particles are deleted after the specified deletion area. The former uses the command stream range to locate, and the latter uses the FISH statement find_ball(id) to locate. The former is more efficient, but imprecise, and the latter is the opposite. The more complicated the shape of the rock and soil layer, the closer the efficiency of the two is. And gives the code of the two methods.

Claims (9)

1. the modeling method of a geotechnical model, it is characterized in that, the method, according to the self-assembling formation process of particle rock mass, makes the whereabouts accumulation of particle nature, compacting and fully contacts in the regulation zone, then by deleting the outer particle of regulation shape, carries out configuration, is calculated to balance and obtains initially stress field; Compare the method with classical step and need not calculate mul, need not set up minute board between side slope wall and soil layer, need not eliminate suspended particle; But having increased particle falls to calculating and the configuration process; it comprises the steps: generation model periphery sides board, arrange the rigidity of wall; Generate particle in layer Rock And Soil vertical direction view field; Acceleration of gravity is set, particle density, rigidity, friction factor, and be calculated to the piling height needed; Interaction between particle is set; Delete unwanted particle, and be calculated to balance; the present invention can be used for the foundation of Geotechnical Engineering model.
2. the modeling method of a kind of geotechnical model according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the method is according to the self-assembling formation process of particle rock mass, make the whereabouts accumulation of particle nature, compacting and fully contact in the regulation zone, then carry out configuration by deleting the outer particle of regulation shape, be calculated to balance and obtain initially stress field, called after " whereabouts method (Fall Particles Method, FPM) ".
3. whereabouts according to claim 2 method, is characterized in that, fPM is by particle is successively piled up and the procedure construction model of compacting from top to bottom at vertical direction, the whereabouts method is divided into whole whereabouts method (Overall Particles Fall Method, OPFM) and layering whereabouts method (Hierarchical Particles Fall Method, HPFM).
4. whole whereabouts according to claim 3 method, is characterized in that, comprise: 1) generation model periphery sides board arranges the rigidity of wall; 2) the set Current Layer periphery sides board of Rock And Soil, arrange the rigidity of wall; 3) generate particle in current layer Rock And Soil vertical direction view field; 4) acceleration of gravity is set, particle density, rigidity, friction factor, and be calculated to the piling height needed; 5) interaction between particle, n_bond, s_bond are set; 6) delete unwanted particle, and be calculated to balance; 7) whether complete top layer structure; 8) adjust correlation parameter, and be calculated to balance.
5. layering according to claim 3 whereabouts method, is characterized in that, comprise: 1) generation model periphery sides board arranges the rigidity of wall; 2) the set Current Layer periphery sides board of Rock And Soil, arrange the rigidity of wall; 3) acceleration of gravity is set, particle density, rigidity, friction factor, and be calculated to the piling height needed; 4) interaction between particle, n_bond, s_bond are set; 5) delete unwanted particle, and be calculated to balance; 6) adjust correlation parameter, and be calculated to balance.
6. modeling method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, compare the method with classical PFC3D modeling procedure and need not calculate mul, need not set up minute board between side slope wall and soil layer, need not eliminate suspended particle.
7. modeling method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, compare the calculating of particle whereabouts and the configuration process of having increased with classical PFC3D modeling procedure.
8. the outer particle of deletion regulation shape according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in two kinds of methods, it is all the FISH statement that deletion does not need the method for particle.
9. in two kinds of methods according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, these two kinds of methods can simply be expressed as particle and the judgement particle deleted in appointed area and delete after specifying the deletion zone, and the former utility command stream range locates, and the latter uses FISH statement find_ball (id) location; The former efficiency is higher, but out of true, the latter is contrary; More complicated both efficiency of rock-soil layer shape is more approaching.
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