CN103500259A - Modeling method of rock-soil model - Google Patents
Modeling method of rock-soil model Download PDFInfo
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- CN103500259A CN103500259A CN201310490587.4A CN201310490587A CN103500259A CN 103500259 A CN103500259 A CN 103500259A CN 201310490587 A CN201310490587 A CN 201310490587A CN 103500259 A CN103500259 A CN 103500259A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a modeling method of a rock-soil model. The modeling method is characterized in that according to the natural forming process of a particular rock body, the particles naturally fall, stack, are compressed and make full contact with each other in a specified area, then configuration is carried out by removing particles in the shape different from specified shapes, and the left particles are balanced in a calculation mode to obtain an initial ground stress field. Compared with classical steps, mul is needless to be calculated in the method, a separation wall between a slope wall and a soil layer is needless to be built, suspending particles are needless to be removed, but the calculation and configuration processes during falling of the particles are added. The method includes the following steps of building the model peripheral separation wall, setting rigidity of the wall, generating the particles in the projecting area in the vertical direction of stratified rock soil, setting gravity acceleration, a particle density, rigidity and a friction coefficient, calculating the particles until the needed stacking height is reached, setting mutual functions among the particles, deleting the unnecessary particles and calculating the particles until a balance is reached. The modeling method can be used for building a rock engineering model.
Description
Technical field
the present invention relates to geotechnical Engineering,
particularly relate to during the Geotechnical Engineering simulation, for the modeling of discrete particles shape Rock And Soil.
Background technology
PFC3D is a high-end product of Itasca company issue in 2008, is particularly suitable for the complex mechanisms Study on Problems.It is utilize the theoretical exploitation of explicit difference algorithm and discrete element micro-/the mesomechanics program, it is to consider the basic mechanical characteristic of medium from the angle of the elementary particle structure of medium, and think that the fundamental characteristics of given medium under different stress conditions depends primarily on the variation of contact condition between particle, the large displacement problem such as flow of break and break development problem and the particle of applicable research granular aggregate.Can be used for the insoluble problems of a series of traditional numerical methods such as research structure cracking, rockfill materials characteristic and stability, mine avalanche exploitation, side slope disintegration, blasting impact in the Rock And Soil engineering.
PFC3D application difficulty is larger, higher to customer requirements.The domestic application and research to PFC3D is also few, and Zhang Long etc. have studied the motion process PFC3D simulation of high-speed remote landslide, chicken tail mountain; Chen Yikai has carried out stability analysis to the tailings warehouse dam body based on the grain flow discrete element.But use at present the constructed mould shapes of PFC3D all fairly simple, size is also smaller, is difficult to meet the needs of Practical Project.
The author is engaged in modeling effort and engineering simulation application for a long time.The modeling procedure provided according to the PFC3D user manual is provided; modeling there will be some problems, determines the exposure level of difficulty, heterogeneity granule boundary as radius amplification coefficient (mul) and is difficult to guarantee, delete the problem that bead flies out after minute board between side slope wall and soil layer, the impact of not considering mould shapes while after specifying porosity, determining mul etc.These problems make the out of true of model construction, the distortion problem such as cause more greatly doing over again when after building, model is calculated.
The author considers that having particle properties Rock And Soil forming process is successively to pile up from top to bottom at vertical direction because the effects such as weathering, deposition make particle, and the process of process nature compacting.According to this thought, built " whereabouts method (Fall Particles Method, FPM) " construct primary stress field.Discuss basic step and the relative merits of FPM, and be applied to Tailings Dam and dump excavation example.
According to PFC3D user manual PROBLEM SOLVING WITH PFC
3Din introduction, the general step of Geotechnical Problems numerical analysis is as shown in Figure 1.
The problem that the PFC3D model construction process exists
1. definite problem of radius amplification coefficient (mul)
The first step of model construction produces particle exactly, and BALL and GENERATE order are arranged.The BALL order is generally used for regular texture, and GENERATE is for geotechnical structure, and parameter rad r1 r2 wherein means that the radius of particle distributes in [r1, r2] random or a certain rule.The radius of particle and packing space size have determined the quantity of particle.After using PROP that density, modulus of shearing and the elastic modulus of particle is set, be exactly the radius amplification coefficient mul (user manual is shown in definition) of initialization particle, problem is how to confirm mul.If mul is less, fill and be discontented with in designated space, pfc3d will automatically enlarge mul and continue to calculate, and in concrete engineering problem, particle is more, and time cost is very large; If mul is larger, pfc3d will automatically dwindle mul and continue calculate, but because density, modulus of shearing and elastic modulus are set, and at minute board with after initial mul amplifies under the restriction of radius, the particle ball produces elastic deformation.At this moment designated space can hold lower particle, but particle has been saved bit by bit elastic energy, even also can't eliminate after carrying out solve, deletes a minute board after balance, and particle will be elegant to the restriction direction of minute board.This is that a minute board has applied acting force to particle always due in the process of adjusting mul.If do not use a minute board in the process of adjustment mul, the shape of model and layering Rock And Soil shape are difficult to guarantee so.If use a minute board, while so in the end calculating initially stress equilibrium, must delete, to guarantee the abundant contact of DIFFERENT SOIL layer.Larger or less this problem that all exists of mul, be difficult to avoid.The present invention, according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, before the deletion of structure divides board, and deletes while dividing the laggard row of board EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS 100, and the model of Tailings Dam is respectively as Fig. 3, shown in 4.
The contact of 2 heterogeneity granule boundaries
According to the related content of the described step of first segment and user manual, the particle of different attribute produces respectively.As shown in Figure 3, the shape difference of different attribute rock-soil layer, the rock-soil layer of structural specifications shape, will use a minute board, but use minute board existing problems.The radius of particle and packing space size determined the quantity of particle, and I have found that spatial form that minute board forms has also affected the correlation parameters such as the quantity of particle and porosity.When having less angle, spatial form just there will be the problem that can't fill.As shown in Figure 5, be initial dam dorsal part enlarged drawing in Fig. 3.
In Fig. 5, can find out, the most advanced and sophisticated place of soil layer does not have particles filled.Certainly less this problem of particle is more not obvious, but assess the cost, can rise by index.This phenomenon from other aspect, can think before removing minute board, and the exposure level between each layer of ground particle is difficult to guarantee, this is obviously not right, as shown in Figure 6.If remove a minute board, unfilled space its top particle under Action of Gravity Field moves down, and with minute board, contacts constraint meeting that restricted bead lost wall to mobile in the other direction simultaneously, makes the model gross distortion, and this is also the reason that causes Fig. 4 phenomenon.
3 porosity problems
In actual engineering problem, an important parameter of granule is exactly porosity.Often to build the granule of specifying porosity in PFC3D.The definition of PFC3D mesoporosity rate n is as shown in formula in Figure 21.
In formula: Vp is the particle volume that boundary wall construction model content is received, and V is that board builds the model volume.
Provided in PFC3D and built the method for specifying porosity model, derivation as shown in figure 22.
In formula:
rparticle radius,
r oldthe particle radius calculated the last time,
n oldthe model porosity calculated the last time,
mto adjust coefficient, i.e. mul.
Command stream in PFC3D is:
loop?while?bp?#?null
sum?=?sum?+?(4.0/3.0)?*?pi?*?b_rad(bp)?3
bp?=?b_next(bp)
end_loop
pmeas?=?1.0?-?sum?/?tot_vol
_mult=((1.0-poros)/(1.0-pmeas))?(1.0/3.0)。
But formula existing problems in Figure 22, the first step of derivation thinks that the part in non-space is all the volume of particle spheroid in model.This is desirable, does not consider the spheroid elastic deformation, does not more seriously consider model gap part, as the model gap part in Fig. 5.This ideal situation has caused the space that should be filled by spheroid not to be filled, and Vp is reduced, and n increases, and m increases.Final mul is greater than applicable mul.And then making spheroid produce larger distortion, after deletion minute board, the elegant phenomenon of particle is more serious.Shape is more complicated, and mul is more inaccurate.
For the problem run in above-mentioned Practical Project, the author has proposed FPM and has built the PFC3D model.
Summary of the invention
For the modeling procedure provided according to the PFC3D user manual; modeling there will be some problems, determines the exposure level of difficulty, heterogeneity granule boundary as radius amplification coefficient (mul) and is difficult to guarantee, delete the problem that bead flies out after minute board between side slope wall and soil layer, the impact of not considering mould shapes while after specifying porosity, determining mul etc.These problems make the out of true of model construction, the distortion problem such as cause more greatly doing over again when after building, model is calculated.Consider that having particle properties Rock And Soil forming process is successively to pile up from top to bottom at vertical direction because the effects such as weathering, deposition make particle, and the process of process nature compacting, built " whereabouts method (Fall Particles Method, FPM) " according to this thought and carried out the tektonite soil model.
1. the whereabouts method builds the process of model
FPM is by particle is successively piled up and the procedure construction model of compacting from top to bottom at vertical direction, the whereabouts method is divided into whole whereabouts method (Overall Particles Fall Method, OPFM) and layering whereabouts method (Hierarchical Particles Fall Method, HPFM).Its flow process is respectively as Fig. 7, shown in 8.Figure 9 shows that HPFM builds the process of Tailings Dam the 3rd rock-soil layer.
Fig. 9 has shown the process of HPFM structure one deck Rock And Soil.From the above-mentioned OPFM of essence, with HPFM, be consistent, difference is that the Rock And Soil setup of attribute of HPFM and EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS are substeps, closer to actual conditions; And OPFM is then assignment of place soil layer by each ball of the directed judgement of FISH statement.The former EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS elapsed time is more, and latter's setup of attribute elapsed time is more.
2. delete the method that does not need particle
Here it should be noted that in two kinds of methods, it is all the FISH statement that deletion does not need the method for particle.But concrete realization is divided into again two kinds of methods, these two kinds of methods can simply be expressed as particle and the judgement particle deleted in appointed area and delete after specifying the deletion zone, the former utility command stream range locates, and the latter uses FISH statement find_ball (id) location.The former efficiency is higher, but out of true, the latter is contrary.More complicated both efficiency of rock-soil layer shape is more approaching.In Fig. 9, model has been used the latter to carry out the particle deletion, and its command stream is as follows, and the former command stream is shown in the 4th joint.The model that uses the Tailings Dam of HPFM structure finally to be calculated to balance as shown in figure 10.The CForce Chains of model as shown in figure 11.
def?delz3
loop?nn(20001,23000)
bp=find_ball(nn)
_brad?=?b_rad(bp)
_bx?=?b_x(bp)
_by?=?b_y(bp)
_bz?=?b_z(bp)
sx=-140
lx=100
sy=0
ly=20
sz=0
Lz1=0.125*_bx+17.5; The definite of curve determines according to the 3rd rock-soil layer vertical direction highs and lows in Fig. 9.
if?_bx>sx?then
if?_bx<100?then
if?_bz>lz1?then
command
del?ball?range?id?=nn
end_command
end_if
end_if
end_if
end_loop
end
Figure 10 compares enveloping outer enclosure with Fig. 3 and heterogeneity rock-soil layer separatrix is not level and smooth, but coarse, tallies with the actual situation.Figure 10 compares with Fig. 4, and Fig. 4 only calculates 100 steps and the elegant phenomenon of serious particle just occurred, and the particle of DIFFERENT SOIL layer entered other rock-soil layers, and this is wrong, causes whole model gross distortion.Figure 10 has calculated equilibrium state, the wrong phenomenon in Fig. 4 do not occur, and the obvious distortion of unique appearance is that orlop basement rock left end is by Tailings Dam gravity extruding protuberance.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The recommendation step of Fig. 1 ground numerical analysis.
The process flow diagram that Fig. 2 grain flow realistic model is set up.
Fig. 3 deletes the Tailings Dam model before minute board.
Fig. 4 deletes Tailings Dam model while dividing the laggard row of board EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS 100.
Fig. 5 initial dam dorsal part enlarged drawing.
Fig. 6 initial dam dorsal part zone contact situation.
Fig. 7 HPFM process flow diagram.
Fig. 8 OPFM process flow diagram.
Fig. 9 HPFM builds the process of Tailings Dam the 3rd rock-soil layer.
Figure 10 Tailings Dam final mask.
The CForce Chains of Figure 11 model.
Figure 12 is used the dump of OPFM structure and the important parameter diagram after excavation thereof.
Figure 13 is used the dump of OPFM structure and the important parameter diagram after excavation thereof.
Figure 14 is used the dump of OPFM structure and the important parameter diagram after excavation thereof.
Figure 15 is used the dump of OPFM structure and the important parameter diagram after excavation thereof.
Figure 16 is used the dump of OPFM structure and the important parameter diagram after excavation thereof.
Figure 17 is used the dump of OPFM structure and the important parameter diagram after excavation thereof.
Figure 18 is used the dump of OPFM structure and the important parameter diagram after excavation thereof.
Figure 19 is used the dump of OPFM structure and the important parameter diagram after excavation thereof.
Figure 20 is used the dump of OPFM structure and the important parameter diagram after excavation thereof.
The defined formula of Figure 21 porosity n.
Figure 22 builds the formula of specifying porosity model.
Embodiment
Be principle and the use of explanation whereabouts method, particularly HPFM in above-mentioned analysis, enumerated the example of Tailings Dam.
Here for example OPFM and another kind of method of deleting particle are discussed.The dump that this example is certain factory, this factory needs to use a large amount of coals in carrying out production run, and coal pile volume is larger.Due in from the dump toe, getting the coal process, accidentally cause the accident on the landslide of dump.I study the reason that suffered this factory entrusts analysis to cause the accident, and preventive measure.Be specially adapted to FPC3D for this dump analysis, with the building process of this example explanation OPFM.Correlation parameter is: dump end face high apart from ground (slope is high) 30m, length of grade 38.5m.Due to hardware constraints and analysis requirement, the wide 0.5m that gets of model.The friction factor on ground is 0.3, and the friction factor of particle is 0.3, and the density of coal is 1400kg/m
3, elastic modulus and modulus of shearing are 1 * 10
8pa, particle radius scope [0.05m, 0.15m].Excavation part height is 3.5m, and wide is the oblique triangle of 3m, as Figure 16.
Figure 12 to Figure 20 has shown the process of using OPFM structure dump, and excavates, the polar plot of each after having obtained excavating.Here provide another kind of method of deleting particle, code is as follows:
del?ball?range?z?30.1?100
def?delz2
Num=(46.5-8)/0.1; 0.1 be the minimum grain size of particle.
loop?nn(1,num)
x1=8+0.1*(nn-1)
x2=8+0.1*nn
Z1=-0.7792* (x1+x2)/2+36.2338; The definite of curve determines according to the vertical direction of rock-soil layer shown in Figure 17 highs and lows.
z2=100
command
del?ball?range?x?x1?x2?z?z1?z2
end_command
end_loop
end
The author proposes and has realized " whereabouts method " structure to the pfc3d geotechnical model, self-assembling formation process according to the particle rock mass, make the whereabouts accumulation of bead nature, compacting and fully contact, then deleting particle and carry out configuration, being calculated to balance and obtaining initially stress field model.Principal feature is as follows:
1) pointed out that the modeling procedure that user's handbook provides carries out the problem in the geotechnical model building process.Mainly comprise: definite problem of radius amplification coefficient (mul), the exposure level problem of heterogeneity granule boundary, the problem that affects of porosity pair radius amplification coefficient.
2) step of whereabouts method tectonic model has been proposed.The whereabouts method can be divided into OPFM and HPFM, and difference is that the Rock And Soil setup of attribute of HPFM and EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS are substeps, closer to actual conditions; And OPFM is then assignment of place soil layer by each ball of the directed judgement of FISH statement.The former EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS elapsed time is more, and latter's setup of attribute elapsed time is more.
3) two kinds of configuration methods of deleting particle are provided.Two kinds of methods can be expressed as particle and the judgement particle deleted in appointed area and delete after specifying the deletion zone, and the former utility command stream range locates, and the latter uses FISH statement find_ball (id) location.The former efficiency is higher, but out of true, the latter is contrary.More complicated both efficiency of rock-soil layer shape is more approaching.And provided the code of two kinds of methods.
Claims (9)
1. the modeling method of a geotechnical model,
it is characterized in that, the method, according to the self-assembling formation process of particle rock mass, makes the whereabouts accumulation of particle nature, compacting and fully contacts in the regulation zone, then by deleting the outer particle of regulation shape, carries out configuration, is calculated to balance and obtains initially stress field; Compare the method with classical step and need not calculate mul, need not set up minute board between side slope wall and soil layer, need not eliminate suspended particle; But having increased particle falls to calculating and the configuration process;
it comprises the steps: generation model periphery sides board, arrange the rigidity of wall; Generate particle in layer Rock And Soil vertical direction view field; Acceleration of gravity is set, particle density, rigidity, friction factor, and be calculated to the piling height needed; Interaction between particle is set; Delete unwanted particle, and be calculated to balance;
the present invention can be used for the foundation of Geotechnical Engineering model.
2.
the modeling method of a kind of geotechnical model according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the method is according to the self-assembling formation process of particle rock mass, make the whereabouts accumulation of particle nature, compacting and fully contact in the regulation zone, then carry out configuration by deleting the outer particle of regulation shape, be calculated to balance and obtain initially stress field, called after " whereabouts method (Fall Particles Method, FPM) ".
3.
whereabouts according to claim 2 method, is characterized in that, fPM is by particle is successively piled up and the procedure construction model of compacting from top to bottom at vertical direction, the whereabouts method is divided into whole whereabouts method (Overall Particles Fall Method, OPFM) and layering whereabouts method (Hierarchical Particles Fall Method, HPFM).
4.
whole whereabouts according to claim 3 method, is characterized in that, comprise: 1) generation model periphery sides board arranges the rigidity of wall; 2) the set Current Layer periphery sides board of Rock And Soil, arrange the rigidity of wall; 3) generate particle in current layer Rock And Soil vertical direction view field; 4) acceleration of gravity is set, particle density, rigidity, friction factor, and be calculated to the piling height needed; 5) interaction between particle, n_bond, s_bond are set; 6) delete unwanted particle, and be calculated to balance; 7) whether complete top layer structure; 8) adjust correlation parameter, and be calculated to balance.
5.
layering according to claim 3 whereabouts method, is characterized in that, comprise: 1) generation model periphery sides board arranges the rigidity of wall; 2) the set Current Layer periphery sides board of Rock And Soil, arrange the rigidity of wall; 3) acceleration of gravity is set, particle density, rigidity, friction factor, and be calculated to the piling height needed; 4) interaction between particle, n_bond, s_bond are set; 5) delete unwanted particle, and be calculated to balance; 6) adjust correlation parameter, and be calculated to balance.
6.
modeling method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, compare the method with classical PFC3D modeling procedure and need not calculate mul, need not set up minute board between side slope wall and soil layer, need not eliminate suspended particle.
7.
modeling method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, compare the calculating of particle whereabouts and the configuration process of having increased with classical PFC3D modeling procedure.
8.
the outer particle of deletion regulation shape according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in two kinds of methods, it is all the FISH statement that deletion does not need the method for particle.
9.
in two kinds of methods according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, these two kinds of methods can simply be expressed as particle and the judgement particle deleted in appointed area and delete after specifying the deletion zone, and the former utility command stream range locates, and the latter uses FISH statement find_ball (id) location; The former efficiency is higher, but out of true, the latter is contrary; More complicated both efficiency of rock-soil layer shape is more approaching.
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| CN103793938A (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2014-05-14 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Mountainous region surface construction method |
| CN104615482A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-05-13 | 长安大学 | Simulation method of breakage of cold recycling mixture in compaction process |
| CN104732857A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-06-24 | 大连理工大学 | Method for simulating weathering slate mass |
| CN104793260A (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2015-07-22 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Method for determining the influence of spontaneous combustion of residual coal on the slope stability of open-pit mine |
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| CN102841958A (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2012-12-26 | 北京交通大学 | Ballast track structure mechanical analysis and selection method on high-speed railway bridge |
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| CN104615482B (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2017-11-07 | 长安大学 | The analogy method that a kind of cold regeneration mix is crushed in compacting process |
| CN104615482A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-05-13 | 长安大学 | Simulation method of breakage of cold recycling mixture in compaction process |
| CN104732857A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-06-24 | 大连理工大学 | Method for simulating weathering slate mass |
| CN104732857B (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2018-01-16 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of analogy method of wind slap body |
| CN105808858A (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2016-07-27 | 大连理工大学 | Gravity accumulation structure and random foam structure construction method |
| CN105808858B (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2018-10-16 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of construction method of random packing under gravity structure and random bubble structure |
| CN105699627A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-06-22 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Method for determining slope angle of side slope |
| CN107330227A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-11-07 | 南京大学 | Consider the discrete Meta Model and method for numerical simulation of the Rock And Soil triaxial test of film effect |
| CN109558642A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-04-02 | 河海大学 | A kind of side slope motion process analysis pre-treating method based on particle stream |
| CN113720992A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-11-30 | 河海大学 | Method for simulating influence of rainfall effect on rock-soil body by raindrop falling method |
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| CN117688823A (en) * | 2024-02-04 | 2024-03-12 | 北京航空航天大学 | Rock-soil particle track prediction method, electronic equipment and medium |
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