Background technology
Polymeric amide (PA, be commonly called as nylon) have that good mechanical property, oilness and rub resistance are good, fusing point is high, to advantages such as stable, heat-resisting good, the electrical insulating property of chemical reagent (except strong acid, highly basic) and weathering resistancies, be the engineering plastics that output is maximum in the world, purposes is the widest, be widely used in the fields such as automotive industry, electronic apparatus industry, transportation, machine industry, electric wire communications industry, packing and articles for daily use.Yet also there are under dry state or low temperature the shortcomings such as shock strength is low, opaque, poorly soluble in polymeric amide, this has limited its application.
For this reason, people wish polymeric amide is carried out to modification, improve its physical strength, elasticity, plasticity, flexibility, second-order transition temperature, degree of plasticification, fusing point, resistance toheat, properties of transparency, solubility property, dyeing behavior, surface property, water absorbing properties, dimensional stability etc.Wherein, the copolycondensation method has the characteristics such as technique is simple, effect is good, and development rapidly.According to the difference of copolymer structure, modified technique can be divided into: random copolymerization, block/short block copolymerization, graft copolymerization and alternating copolymerization etc.
The domestic and international most study of wherein random copolymerization technique, the monomer of serving as reasons with different functional groups synthesizes by different methods, but different functional groups and same functional group are often different in the reactive behavior of different polymerizing conditions, thereby cause the difference of speed of reaction and product structure.The performance of random copolymers is the neutralization of each component property to a certain extent, thereby makes performance variation not, can not meet the needs of more extensive occasion.On the contrary, block copolymerization can be adjusted by composition, length, block number and the aggregation structure of regulating each segment the performance of product, to meet the requirement of different occasions, thus block be widely used in polyamide modified, especially high performance polymeric amide synthetic.
Preparation block copolymerization acid amide mainly contains three operational paths: lactan or amino acid whose multistep processes active anionic polymerization; The acid amides permutoid reaction of equal polycondensation prepolymer melting mixing; The solid state condensation of equal polycondensation prepolymer, but all there is defect in these three routes.Adopt anionoid polymerization and acid amides permutoid reaction, product composition changes with level of response, be mainly in the early stage homopolymer, to generate a certain amount of block polymer thereafter, to become the mixture formed by random copolymers, segmented copolymer and homopolymer when level of response is high again, therefore by these methods, be difficult to synthesize segmented copolymer completely.Though adopt solid state condensation to improve to some extent to above problem, have the defect such as speed of response is slow, plant factor is low, the crystallization aftertreatment trouble of product and be difficult to carry out suitability for industrialized production.In addition, while adopting the synthetic block copolyamide of anionoid polymerization, the selection of activation system is very important to improving block content.Marek etc. take contain N-acidylate hexanamide terminal group between bit-type low molecular weight aromatic polymeric amide be that activator causes the polymerization of hexanolactam, finally obtains the product that segmented copolymer content is higher.Stehlicek etc. have studied the PA6-b-12 copolymerization system; low-molecular-weight nylon 12 and N-benzoyl-laurolactam are carried out to acidolysis reaction and make activator; cause the polymerization of hexanolactam, in its product, the content of segmented copolymer can be up to 88.9%-98% again.
In block copolyamide, the phase structure of each component is large to the performance impact of goods, and it is a lot of to affect the factor of phase structure, as chemical constitution, reaction conditions and complete processing etc.Elllis etc. study discovery, and the PA46/PA66 blend system exists macroface to separate, even think that the close PA of structure is also incompatible.But, while in above-mentioned system, having a small amount of segmented copolymer, consistency is improved greatly.During the block copolymer systems of the research PA6 such as Shu and aromatic series polyamide, find: no matter be that micron-scale phase separation all appears in diblock system or many block copolymer systems, and form new crystal formation in many block copolymer systems.During the melt blending system of the research PA66 such as Ahn and semi-aromatic (being total to) polymeric amide, find: with adopted aliphatic dibasic acid, form different, complicated variation appears in consistency, and the Binary-phase Interaction Model of experimental result and ElliS is compared, find to exist certain deviation between the two.
Segment copolymerization method is mainly used in improving impact-resistance and high performance material.Raevskaya etc. make the PA6-b-12 polymkeric substance by melt blending, flexible due to PA12, and degree of crystallinity is low, in system, is amorphous phase, has served as soft component, thereby has improved erosion-resisting characteristics.The acquisition of high performance material is mainly to realize by introducing the aromatic polyamide chain link, and this is also the synthetic high molecular important means of PA class liquid crystal type.Scheetz etc. have studied PA46 and PA6,66,610 etc. segmented copolymer, have not only improved the impact-resistance of material, and have solved the unmanageable difficulty of PA46.During the block copolymer system of research nylon such as Wang 6 and aromatic series PA, find: have Tg and the Tm of the material of block all to increase, thermostability improves, mechanical property strengthens, and many block copolymer systems are better than the improvement effect of three block copolymer systems, in many block copolymer systems, also may form new crystal formation.Malcolm etc. select the PA of fatty six-ring and phenyl ring, have synthesized preferably block copolymerization acid amide liquid crystal material of processibility.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of nylon copolymer and preparation method thereof, the method generates nylon 6 by monomer A, monomers B, monomer C and tetra-kinds of common polycondensations of composition of monomer D, 66 series copolymers, both contained a certain amount of random copolymers in this multipolymer, contain again a certain amount of segmented copolymer, more conventional nylon 6, nylon 66 and nylon copolymer have more excellent over-all properties.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of nylon copolymer is formed by each component polycondensation of following weight parts:
The monomer A that mass content is 4-94%: hexanolactam;
The monomers B that mass content is 4-94%: the salt of hexanodioic acid monomer, hexanediamine monomer or polyamide 66;
The monomer C that mass content is 1-25%: above aliphatics, alicyclic, aromatic series or with the aliphatics of side group, alicyclic, aromatic monoprotic acid, diprotic acid, polyprotonic acid containing 4 carbon; Or
Above aliphatics, alicyclic, aromatic series or with the aliphatics of side group, alicyclic, aromatic monoamine, diamine, polyamine containing 4 carbon; Or
Above aliphatics, alicyclic, aromatic series or with the aliphatics of side group, alicyclic, aromatic monohydroxy-alcohol, dibasic alcohol, polyvalent alcohol containing 4 carbon; Or
Containing the amino acid more than 4 carbon;
The monomer D that mass content is 1-30%: molecular weight is higher than 1000 polyamide prepolymer aggressiveness.
Described monomer C is SL-AH or m-phthalic acid.
Described monomer C is 12 carbon diamine or benzidines.
Described monomer C is hot propylhomoserin.
Described monomer C is decanediol.
Described monomer D: molecular weight is higher than 1000 polyamide 6 performed polymer, polyamide 66 performed polymer or polyamide 610 performed polymer.
The preparation method of described nylon copolymer, comprise the steps:
By monomer A, monomers B, monomer C and monomer D drop into and automatically control polymeric kettle with agitator, at the pressure of 1-27bar, 220-320 ℃ temperature, carry out the polycondensation dehydration reaction, and after reaction completes, nitrogen injection is discharged the moisture that reaction generates; And then pressurization discharge copolymer nylon melt, melt, by the moulding of die head Cast Strip, forms described nylon 6,66 multipolymer finished products finally by cooling and dicing.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: nylon copolymer of the present invention and preparation method thereof, by single step reaction by monomer A, monomers B, monomer C and tetra-kinds of common polycondensations of composition of monomer D, generate and not only to contain random copolymers, but also the nylon copolymer that contains segmented copolymer, method is simple, product has the good transparency, excellent mechanical property, water-intake rate is low and good stability of the dimension, and more conventional nylon 6, nylon 66 and nylon copolymer have the more excellent over-all properties that is adapted to the extensive market requirement.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of nylon copolymer is formed by each component polycondensation of following weight parts:
The monomer A that mass content is 40%: hexanolactam;
The monomers B that mass content is 40%: the salt of hexanodioic acid monomer, hexanediamine monomer or polyamide 66;
The monomer C that mass content is 5%: SL-AH.
The monomer D that mass content is 15%: nylon 6 performed polymers that molecular weight is 5000.
The preparation method of described nylon copolymer is as follows:
By the monomer A of described weight part, monomers B, monomer C and monomer D input is controlled polymeric kettle automatically with agitator, at the pressure of 5-10bar, 240-280 ℃ temperature, carries out the polycondensation dehydration reaction, and after reaction completes, nitrogen injection is discharged the moisture that reaction generates; And then pressurization discharge copolymer nylon melt, melt, by the moulding of die head Cast Strip, forms described nylon copolymer finished product finally by cooling and dicing.
Comparative example 1: get mass content and be the above-mentioned monomers B that 50% above-mentioned monomer A and mass content are 50%, adopt with embodiment 1 identical device, prepare the nylon 6/66 copolymer finished product by identical technique under the same conditions.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of nylon copolymer is formed by each component polycondensation of following weight parts:
The monomer A that mass content is 35%: hexanolactam;
The monomers B that mass content is 35%: the salt of hexanodioic acid monomer, hexanediamine monomer or polyamide 66;
The monomer C that mass content is 10%: 12 carbon diamines.
The monomer D that mass content is 20%: nylon 66 performed polymers that molecular weight is 3000.
The preparation method of described nylon copolymer is as follows:
By the monomer A of described weight part, monomers B, monomer C and monomer D input is controlled polymeric kettle automatically with agitator, at the pressure of 10-20bar, 250-280 ℃ temperature, carries out the polycondensation dehydration reaction, and after reaction completes, nitrogen injection is discharged the moisture that reaction generates; And then pressurization discharge copolymer nylon melt, melt, by the moulding of die head Cast Strip, forms described nylon copolymer finished product finally by cooling and dicing.
Comparative example 2: get mass content and be the above-mentioned monomers B that 50% above-mentioned monomer A and mass content are 50%, adopt with embodiment 2 identical devices, prepare the nylon 6/66 copolymer finished product by identical technique under the same conditions.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of nylon copolymer is formed by each component polycondensation of following weight parts:
The monomer A that mass content is 94%: hexanolactam;
The monomers B that mass content is 4%: the salt of hexanodioic acid monomer, hexanediamine monomer or polyamide 66;
The monomer C that mass content is 1%: m-phthalic acid.
The monomer D that mass content is 1%: the polyamide 610 performed polymer that molecular weight is 5000.
The preparation method of described nylon copolymer is as follows:
By the monomer A of described weight part, monomers B, monomer C and monomer D input is controlled polymeric kettle automatically with agitator, at the pressure of 3-6bar, 240-260 ℃ temperature, carries out the polycondensation dehydration reaction, and after reaction completes, nitrogen injection is discharged the moisture that reaction generates; And then pressurization discharge copolymer nylon melt, melt, by the moulding of die head Cast Strip, forms described nylon copolymer finished product finally by cooling and dicing.
Comparative example 3: get mass content and be the above-mentioned monomers B that 95% above-mentioned monomer A and mass content are 4%, adopt with embodiment 3 identical devices, prepare the nylon 6/66 copolymer finished product by identical technique under the same conditions.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of nylon copolymer is formed by each component polycondensation of following weight parts:
The monomer A that mass content is 4%: hexanolactam;
The monomers B that mass content is 94%: the salt of hexanodioic acid monomer, hexanediamine monomer or polyamide 66;
The monomer C that mass content is 1%: benzidine.
The monomer D that mass content is 1%: the polyamide 610 performed polymer that molecular weight is 4000.
The preparation method of described nylon copolymer is as follows:
By the monomer A of described weight part, monomers B, monomer C and monomer D input is controlled polymeric kettle automatically with agitator, at the pressure of 15-25bar, 270-285 ℃ temperature, carries out the polycondensation dehydration reaction, and after reaction completes, nitrogen injection is discharged the moisture that reaction generates; And then pressurization discharge copolymer nylon melt, melt, by the moulding of die head Cast Strip, forms described nylon copolymer finished product finally by cooling and dicing.
Comparative example 4: get mass content and be the above-mentioned monomers B that 5% above-mentioned monomer A and mass content are 95%, adopt with embodiment 4 identical devices, prepare the nylon 6/66 copolymer finished product by identical technique under the same conditions.
Embodiment 5:
A kind of nylon copolymer is formed by each component polycondensation of following weight parts:
The monomer A that mass content is 60%: hexanolactam;
The monomers B that mass content is 22%: the salt of hexanodioic acid monomer, hexanediamine monomer or polyamide 66;
The monomer C that mass content is 8%: hot propylhomoserin.
The monomer D that mass content is 10%: nylon 66 performed polymers that molecular weight is 2000.
The preparation method of described nylon copolymer is as follows:
By the monomer A of described weight part, monomers B, monomer C and monomer D input is controlled polymeric kettle automatically with agitator, at the pressure of 15-28bar, 270-285 ℃ temperature, carries out the polycondensation dehydration reaction, and after reaction completes, nitrogen injection is discharged the moisture that reaction generates; And then pressurization discharge copolymer nylon melt, melt, by the moulding of die head Cast Strip, forms described nylon copolymer finished product finally by cooling and dicing.
Comparative example 5: get mass content and be the above-mentioned monomers B that 60% above-mentioned monomer A and mass content are 40%, adopt with embodiment 5 identical devices, prepare the nylon 6/66 copolymer finished product by identical technique under the same conditions.
Embodiment 6:
A kind of nylon copolymer is formed by each component polycondensation of following weight parts:
The monomer A that mass content is 20%: hexanolactam;
The monomers B that mass content is 60%: the salt of hexanodioic acid monomer, hexanediamine monomer or polyamide 66;
The monomer C that mass content is 5%: decanediol.
The monomer D that mass content is 15%: nylon 66 performed polymers that molecular weight is 5000.
The preparation method of described nylon copolymer is as follows:
By the monomer A of described weight part, monomers B, monomer C and monomer D input is controlled polymeric kettle automatically with agitator, at the pressure of 15-25bar, 270-285 ℃ temperature, carries out the polycondensation dehydration reaction, and after reaction completes, nitrogen injection is discharged the moisture that reaction generates; And then pressurization discharge copolymer nylon melt, melt, by the moulding of die head Cast Strip, forms described nylon copolymer finished product finally by cooling and dicing.
Comparative example 6: get mass content and be the above-mentioned monomers B that 30% above-mentioned monomer A and mass content are 70%, adopt with embodiment 6 identical devices, prepare the nylon 6/66 copolymer finished product by identical technique under the same conditions.
Embodiment 7:
A kind of nylon copolymer is formed by each component polycondensation of following weight parts:
The monomer A that mass content is 30%: hexanolactam;
The monomers B that mass content is 50%: the salt of hexanodioic acid monomer, hexanediamine monomer or polyamide 66;
The monomer C that mass content is 5%: SL-AH.
The monomer D that mass content is 15%: the NYLON610 performed polymer that molecular weight is 5000.
The preparation method of described nylon copolymer is as follows:
By the monomer A of described weight part, monomers B, monomer C and monomer D input is controlled polymeric kettle automatically with agitator, at the pressure of 15-25bar, 270-285 ℃ temperature, carries out the polycondensation dehydration reaction, and after reaction completes, nitrogen injection is discharged the moisture that reaction generates; And then pressurization discharge copolymer nylon melt, melt, by the moulding of die head Cast Strip, forms described nylon copolymer finished product finally by cooling and dicing.
Comparative example 7: get mass content and be the above-mentioned monomers B that 40% above-mentioned monomer A and mass content are 60%, adopt with embodiment 7 identical devices, prepare the nylon 6/66 copolymer finished product by identical technique under the same conditions.
Embodiment 8:
A kind of nylon copolymer is formed by each component polycondensation of following weight parts:
The monomer A that mass content is 50%: hexanolactam;
The monomers B that mass content is 30%: the salt of hexanodioic acid monomer, hexanediamine monomer or polyamide 66;
The monomer C that mass content is 5%: m-phthalic acid.
The monomer D that mass content is 15%: nylon 6 performed polymers that molecular weight is 3000.
The preparation method of described nylon copolymer is as follows:
By the monomer A of described weight part, monomers B, monomer C and monomer D input is controlled polymeric kettle automatically with agitator, at the pressure of 10-20bar, 260-280 ℃ temperature, carries out the polycondensation dehydration reaction, and after reaction completes, nitrogen injection is discharged the moisture that reaction generates; And then pressurization discharge copolymer nylon melt, melt, by the moulding of die head Cast Strip, forms described nylon copolymer finished product finally by cooling and dicing.
Comparative example 8: get mass content and be the above-mentioned monomers B that 70% above-mentioned monomer A and mass content are 30%, adopt with embodiment 8 identical devices, prepare the nylon 6/66 copolymer finished product by identical technique under the same conditions.
Embodiment 9:
A kind of nylon copolymer is formed by each component polycondensation of following weight parts:
The monomer A that mass content is 60%: hexanolactam;
The monomers B that mass content is 20%: the salt of hexanodioic acid monomer, hexanediamine monomer or polyamide 66;
The monomer C that mass content is 5%: benzidine.
The monomer D that mass content is 15%: nylon 66 performed polymers that molecular weight is 2000.
The preparation method of described nylon copolymer is as follows:
By the monomer A of described weight part, monomers B, monomer C and monomer D input is controlled polymeric kettle automatically with agitator, at the pressure of 10-20bar, 260-280 ℃ temperature, carries out the polycondensation dehydration reaction, and after reaction completes, nitrogen injection is discharged the moisture that reaction generates; And then pressurization discharge copolymer nylon melt, melt, by the moulding of die head Cast Strip, forms described nylon copolymer finished product finally by cooling and dicing.
Comparative example 9: get mass content and be the above-mentioned monomers B that 60% above-mentioned monomer A and mass content are 40%, adopt with embodiment 9 identical devices, prepare the nylon 6/66 copolymer finished product by identical technique under the same conditions.
Invent the performance of described novel nylon multipolymer in order to further illustrate books, the performance of described nylon copolymer prepared embodiment 1-9 and comparative example 1-9 by the inventor detects, and detection method and detected result record are as following table.
Data in comparison sheet are known, the conventional nylon 6/66 copolymer of comparing, and novel nylon multipolymer fusing point of the present invention is high, better crystallinity degree, Tc and heat-drawn wire are high, have excellent mechanical property.
Above content is in conjunction with concrete preferred implementation further description made for the present invention, can not assert that specific embodiment of the invention is confined to these explanations.For the general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, its framework form can be flexible and changeable, can the subseries product.Just make some simple deduction or replace, all should be considered as belonging to the present invention's scope of patent protection definite by submitted to claims.