CN103497168B - 一种乙酰丙酸及其酯类转移加氢制备γ-戊内酯的方法 - Google Patents
一种乙酰丙酸及其酯类转移加氢制备γ-戊内酯的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种乙酰丙酸及其酯类转移加氢制备γ-戊内酯的方法,涉及γ-戊内酯。在反应底物中加入有机醇,将所得的醇溶液作为原料液置于高压反应釜中,加入金属氧化物催化剂加热反应,即得目标产物γ-戊内酯。使用醇同时作为氢供体和反应媒介,不需要外部氢源和其他溶剂,反应体系简单,有利于目的产物的分离。通过催化转移加氢的方式选择性地还原乙酰丙酸及其酯类,转移加氢对酮基具有高度的专一性,不会产生过度加氢产物。使用廉价易得的金属氧化物作为催化剂,特别是在超临界条件下能高效地选择性还原乙酰丙酸及其酯类,不需要添加其他催化促进剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及γ-戊内酯,尤其是涉及一种乙酰丙酸及其酯类转移加氢制备γ-戊内酯的方法。
背景技术
γ-戊内酯也被认为是一种平台化合物,具有非常广泛的潜在应用,近年来越来越受到研究者们的重视。γ-戊内酯是一种无毒、可生物降解、性质稳定安全便于大量储存的化合物,常被用作香料和食品添加剂;从γ-戊内酯能转化得到多种高附加值的化学品和绿色的溶剂;和乙醇相比,γ-戊内酯具有较高的沸点(207℃)、闪点(96℃)及低挥发性和高热值,因此γ-戊内酯更适合用作汽柴油增氧剂和添加剂,而且以γ-戊内酯为原料能合成炼制各种符合汽油、柴油和航空煤油要求的液体燃料。此外,通过γ-戊内酯还能合成多种热稳定性能优异的高分子聚合材料,包括尼龙类、聚丙烯酸等酯类的复合材料。
中国专利CN101376650A公开一种以乙酰丙酸和甲酸直接制备γ-戊内酯的方法,包括在100~200℃下和钌催化剂作用下对乙酰丙酸进行原位还原。但是反应是在均相条件下进行的,而且需要加入碱促进剂才能实现乙酰丙酸的高效转化,催化剂回收困难,主体催化剂和配体价格都非常昂贵。
中国专利CN101733097A公开一种由乙酰丙酸制备γ-戊内酯的耐酸催化剂及制法和应用,包括在高温还原过的活性氧化物及助催化剂作用下,在高温高氢气压力下还原乙酰丙酸合成γ-戊内酯。催化剂的转化率高、稳定性好,但是需要助催化剂辅助作用而且加入量较大,高达20%。
中国专利CN102617519A公开由乙酰丙酸加氢制备γ-戊内酯的方法,包括在以骨架铜作为催化剂、助剂和溶剂作用下加氢还原乙酰丙酸合成γ-戊内酯。骨架铜虽然具有较高的转化率和选择性,但是需要在碱助剂的协同作用下;另一方面,催化剂是以铜铝合金为前体,在碱性条件下腐蚀掉铝金属后才得到骨架铜,这一催化剂制备工艺造成了大量铝的浪费。
中国专利CN101805316A公开一种用负载型铱催化剂制备γ-戊内酯的方法,包括在二氧六环、乙醚、乙醇和水等溶剂中,以Ir/TiO2等负载型催化剂作用下实现了低温的温和条件下选择性还原乙酰丙酸到γ-戊内酯。
工业上,主要是通过乙酰丙酸在贵金属催化剂作用下加氢并环化生产γ-戊内酯。无论是均相还是非均相催化体系中,Ru基的催化剂在选择性还原乙酰丙酸方面均表现出优异的性能。一方面,现有的生产γ-戊内酯的工艺多半使用价格昂贵的贵金属催化剂,虽然催化效率高,但是一般都需要在比较苛刻的高温高压反应条件下才能达到较为理想的γ-戊内酯得率。要想在较为温和的条件下还原乙酰丙酸一般需要额外加入一些促进剂(如碱性化合物),这样不可避免的使反应体系复杂化,进而增加了目的产物分离的难度。另一方面,直接加氢还原乙酰丙酸往往容易产生过度还原产物2-甲基四氢呋喃,其极容易在空气中过氧化,并且其过氧化产物是极易燃易爆的危险物质,在工业化生产γ-戊内酯过程中这是一个不可忽视的问题。本发明应用便宜易得的金属氧化物作为催化剂,通过催化转移加氢的方式选择性地还原乙酰丙酸及其酯类,进而合成γ-戊内酯。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种乙酰丙酸及其酯类转移加氢制备γ-戊内酯的方法。
本发明具体步骤为:
在反应底物中加入有机醇,将所得的醇溶液作为原料液置于高压反应釜中,加入金属氧化物催化剂加热反应,即得目标产物γ-戊内酯。
所述反应底物可为乙酰丙酸或乙酰丙酸乙酯。
所述原料液中底物的质量百分浓度可为5%~20%。
所述有机醇可选自甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、1-丁醇等中的一种。
所述金属氧化物催化剂可选自Al2O3,MgO,HT-2,HT-3,ZrO2,La2O3等中的一种,所述HT-2为MgO/Al2O3,Mg/Al=2∶1;所述HT-3为MgO/Al2O3,Mg/Al=3∶1。
所述加热反应的温度可为160~260℃,加热反应的时间可为1~4h。
本发明使用廉价的催化剂,并且产物中不会出现过度加氢产物,工艺简单,易于操作,具有比较强的工业化应用潜力。
本发明与现有技术相比较还具有以下优点:
1、使用醇同时作为氢供体和反应媒介,不需要外部氢源和其他溶剂,反应体系简单,有利于目的产物的分离。
2、通过催化转移加氢的方式选择性地还原乙酰丙酸及其酯类,转移加氢对酮基具有高度的专一性,不会产生过度加氢产物。
3、使用廉价易得的金属氧化物作为催化剂,特别是在超临界条件下能高效地选择性还原乙酰丙酸及其酯类,不需要添加其他催化促进剂。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的描述。
实施例1~6
向100mL的高压釜中加入2g乙酰丙酸乙酯和38g乙醇(5wt%),再分别加入1gAl2O3,MgO,HT-2,HT-3,ZrO2,La2O3作为催化剂,密封,搅拌均匀(500rpm),加热到250℃并保持1h,结束反应冷却至室温并取样,使用GC-MS(岛津)和GC(安捷伦)进行定性和定量检测,不同催化剂的检测结果列于表1中序号为1~6。
实施例7~10
向100mL的高压釜中加入2g乙酰丙酸乙酯和38g乙醇(5wt%),再分别加入1gZrO2作为催化剂,密封,搅拌均匀(500rpm),加热到250℃并保持0.5~4h,结束反应冷却至室温并取样,使用GC-MS(岛津)和GC(安捷伦)进行定性和定量检测,不同催化剂的检测结果列于表1中序号为7~10。
实施例11~18
向100mL的高压釜中加入2g乙酰丙酸乙酯和38g乙醇(5wt%),再分别加入1gZrO2作为催化剂,密封,搅拌均匀(500rpm),加热到180~250℃并保持1h,结束反应冷却至室温并取样,使用GC-MS(岛津)和GC(安捷伦)进行定性和定量检测,不同催化剂的检测结果列于表1中序号为11~18。
实施例19~21
向100mL的高压釜中加入2g乙酰丙酸乙酯和1gZrO2作为催化剂,再分别加入甲醇,乙醇,异丙醇和1-丁醇各38g(5wt%),密封,搅拌均匀(500rpm),加热到250℃并保持1h,结束反应冷却至室温并取样,使用GC-MS(岛津)和GC(安捷伦)进行定性和定量检测,不同催化剂的检测结果列于表1中序号为19~21。
实施例22
向100mL的高压釜中加入8g乙酰丙酸乙酯和1gZrO2作为催化剂,再分别加入异丙醇32g(20wt%),,密封,搅拌均匀(500rpm),加热到250℃并保持1h,结束反应冷却至室温并取样,使用GC-MS(岛津)和GC(安捷伦)进行定性和定量检测,不同催化剂的检测结果列于表1中序号为22。
实施例23
向100mL的高压釜中加入2g乙酰丙酸和1gZrO2作为催化剂,再分别加入异丙醇38g(5wt%),,密封,搅拌均匀(500rpm),加热到250℃并保持1h,结束反应冷却至室温并取样,使用GC-MS(岛津)和GC(安捷伦)进行定性和定量检测,不同催化剂的检测结果列于表1中序号为23。
表1
各实施例中的检测结果参见表1。
Claims (1)
1.一种乙酰丙酸及其酯类转移加氢制备γ-戊内酯的方法,其特征在于其具体步骤为:
在反应底物中加入有机醇,将所得的醇溶液作为原料液置于高压反应釜中,加入金属氧化物催化剂加热反应,即得目标产物γ-戊内酯;所述反应底物为乙酰丙酸乙酯;
所述原料液中底物的质量百分浓度为5%~20%;
所述有机醇为乙醇;
所述金属氧化物催化剂为ZrO2;
所述加热反应的温度为200~260℃,加热反应的时间为1~4h。
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CN104496945B (zh) * | 2015-01-08 | 2016-06-22 | 山西大学 | 一种γ-戊内酯的制备方法 |
CN108067304A (zh) * | 2016-11-17 | 2018-05-25 | 南京农业大学 | 一种介孔功能杂化材料及其制备方法与应用 |
CN107973762B (zh) * | 2018-01-08 | 2019-08-27 | 厦门大学 | 一种低相转移温度共混体系中合成γ-戊内酯的方法 |
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CN101805316A (zh) * | 2010-04-22 | 2010-08-18 | 复旦大学 | 一种用负载型铱催化剂制备γ-戊内酯的方法 |
CN102617519A (zh) * | 2012-03-05 | 2012-08-01 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 由乙酰丙酸加氢制备γ-戊内酯的方法 |
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US2368366A (en) * | 1942-08-21 | 1945-01-30 | Monsanto Chemicals | Process for the production of lactones |
US2786852A (en) * | 1953-08-19 | 1957-03-26 | Quaker Oats Co | Process of preparing gammavalerolactone |
CN101376650A (zh) * | 2008-09-08 | 2009-03-04 | 中国科学技术大学 | 一种以乙酰丙酸和甲酸直接制备γ-戊内酯的方法 |
CN101805316A (zh) * | 2010-04-22 | 2010-08-18 | 复旦大学 | 一种用负载型铱催化剂制备γ-戊内酯的方法 |
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