CN103491856B - Measurement/display/the recording/playback of the wave front data used in vision correcting surgery - Google Patents

Abstract

One embodiment is the device/system for providing feedback to operation.This device include the wavefront for measuring beam real-time Wavefront sensor, for catch/record this light beam from scene real-time video photographic head, for processing the wave front data being caught/recording and by these data and audio video synchronization and to the computer of the synchronized information of display output and be used for showing the display of synchronized wavefront and video information simultaneously.An alternative embodiment of the invention is the method providing feedback to operation.The method includes: use the step of the wavefront of real-time Wavefront sensor measuring beam；Catch the video of the scene that this light beam institute source is risen；Process the wave front data being caught/recording and by these data and this video synchronization；And on same display screen, show wavefront information and video simultaneously.

Description

Measurement/display/the recording/playback of the wave front data used in vision correcting surgery

Related application

This application claims on February 24th, 2011 submits to, entitled Real-Time Measurement/Display/ Record/Playback Of Wavefront Data For Use In Vision Correction Procedures(regards Real-time measurement/display/the recording/playback of wave front data used in power corrective procedure) U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 13/ The priority of 034,648.The full content of U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 13/034,648 is by with reference to being fully incorporated herein.

This application is the entitled Adaptive Sequential Wavefront Sensor submitted on May 28th, 2010 With Programmed Control(has the adaptability train wave front sensor of programming Control) patent application serial numbers 12/790, The part continuation application of 301, the patent of this application serial number 12/790,301 is the entitled User-of December in 2009 submission on the 21st Proposed Entry Field (s) For Customized Data Analysis/Presentation(customization data are divided The entrance territory that the user that analyses/present proposes) the part continuation application of patent application serial numbers 12/643,945, this application serial number The patent of No.12/643,945 is the entitled Optimizing Vision Correction submitted on October 23rd, 2009 Procedures(optimizes vision correcting surgery) the part continuation application of patent application serial numbers 12/605,219, this application serial number The patent of 12/605,219 is to submit, be now the United States Patent (USP) 7 of mandate on October 19th, 2010 on June 12nd, 2007, 815,310 entitled Adaptive Sequential Wavefront Sensor(self adaptation order Wavefront sensors) application sequence The part continuation application of numbers 11/761,890, the patent of this application serial number 11/761,890 be submit on January 20th, 2006, It is that the United States Patent (USP) 7,445,335 entitled Sequential Wavefront Sensor(authorized on November 4th, 2008 is suitable now Sequence Wavefront sensor) the part continuation application of patent application serial numbers 11/335,980, for all these patent application of all purposes Content be incorporated by reference into herein.

Technical field

One or more embodiments of the invention usually relates to ophthalmically acceptable Wavefront sensor, ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS and relates to And data manipulation with present.Specifically, the present invention relates to the wavefront that Wavefront leading vision correcting surgery is synchronize with video " image " The device/system of the real-time measurement/display/recording/playback of data and method, for vision correcting surgery and to equipment User interface Real-time Feedback is provided, this allows the operation of data that individual consumer's customization collected by equipment or catch.

Background technology

Wavefront sensor is the equipment of the aberration for measuring optical wavefront.Use Wavefront sensor, by by narrow Light beam guides to eye retina and senses the optical wavefront from eyes to carry out ocular aberrometer.Normal for loosen For the eyes loosened that eyes or aberration are corrected completely, the optical wavefront from eyes is plane.On the other hand, if eye Eyeball has optical aberration, then the wavefront from the eyes being in relaxation state will be no longer plane.

Traditional vision diagnosis, vision correction and outcome following refractive surgery, including automatic optometry, standard eye wavefront measurement, combines Close anaclasimeter test, LASIK(laser in-situ angle mill film cut art), LTK(laser thermokeratoplasty), SBK(bowman's lamina Lower keratomileusis), IntraLASIK(Medium Culture corneal lens enucleation), PRK(photorefractive keratectomy), LASEK(swash Light auxiliary epithelium keratomileusis), IOL(intraocular lens, including multifocal, scalable and anchor ring IOL) implant, Corneal onlays/ Inlay is implanted/is placed, RK(radioactivity operation on cornea), LRI(limbus of corneae loosens otomy), CRI(cornea loosens otomy) and AK(arch keratotomy), it is all usually to carry out, does not show to medical professional that any lasting wavefront is surveyed in real time Amount result thus real-time exhibition rectification effect (such as, see US6271914, US6271915, US6460997, US6497483 and US6499843).Although before dynamic visual acuity correcting process, period and afterwards, being used for Wavefront sensor and measure The refractive error of eyes and higher order aberratons, these equipment are only that the static snapshot of the wave front chart usually producing measurement shows, mat This may miss vital information for the professional that optical results is optimized.

Traditionally, measuring equipment to terminal use, this equipment has for data collection, process and presents or show Built-in control.Therefore terminal use does not operate data from origin by their preference.For some application in such as ophthalmology, Sometimes for terminal use provide from origin select the form of preference of data manipulation, form, transfer function, apply, express, Output and/or algorithm.

Summary of the invention

One exemplary embodiment is the device/system providing feedback to vision correcting surgery, including: it is used for measuring From the real-time Wavefront sensor of the wavefront properties of live eye；For catching digital picture and/or the record video image of eyes Real-time video photographic head；Computer, has digital video recorder, can carry out synchrodata process, in real time display, record also Wave front data/the result recorded of these eyes and the video image that recorded are played back；And display, it is connected to This computer, shows treated wavefront result and the image of eye image for the most simultaneously.

Another exemplary embodiment is for the method providing feedback to vision correcting surgery, comprises the steps: to make The optical wavefront from eyes is measured with real-time Wavefront sensor；Real-time video photographic head is used to catch and/or record this eyes Video image；Use and there is the computer of digital video recorder to process this wave front data and video data, it is thus possible to Step shows and/or records and/or play back wavefront information and the video image of eyes；And on same screen or more than one Show treated wavefront result on (separation) screen (such as, the head up displays in or each eyepiece) simultaneously Video with eye image.

In one exemplary embodiment, with the real-time video image synchronous of eyes and catch wavefront number the most frame by frame According to, and by both display on same monitor or multiple monitor.

In another exemplary embodiment, including digital video recorder (DVR) ability, can make at vision correction hands During art and/or afterwards, wavefront measurement parameter can carry out reviewing (rewinding is also as the image Tong Bu with eyes video image Playback).

Exemplary embodiment includes the mode allowing terminal use to select to customize the operation of the data from the seizure of measurement equipment Method and system.

A further object of the present invention is, uses the Real-time Feedback with offset nature guide and optimize based on cornea The vision corrective surgery that material removes, such as include LASIK, SBK, LTK, IntraLasik, FlEXi Lasik, PRK, LASEK, RK, LRI, CRI and AK are at interior surgical operation.

Once combine respective drawings and consult the following detailed description of embodiment, to those skilled in the art, originally These and other features of invention and advantage will be obviously.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 illustrates the plane wave front from the normal eye being in relaxation state.

Fig. 2 illustrates the spheric wave front of the convergence of the eyes from myopia.

Fig. 3 illustrates the spheric wave front dissipated of the eyes from hypermetropia.

Fig. 4 illustrates the wavefront from myopia and the eyes with astigmatism.

Fig. 5 illustrates the schematic diagram of an embodiment, wherein uses dynamic defocus shift equipment to offset the ripple from eyes Front sphere refractive error.

Fig. 6 illustrates the block diagram of the typical Electronic Control shown in Fig. 5 and detecting system.

Fig. 7 illustrates the diagram of the surgery microscope with the micro-display at the thing conjugate planes being combined in image path.

Fig. 8 illustrates and can carry out defocusing scanning so that it is determined that the optimal defocus shift position of residual aberration (multiple) can be highlighted The exemplary process diagram of built-in algorithms.

Fig. 9 A illustrates the schematic diagram of exemplary means/system embodiment, including real-time Wavefront sensor, for becoming eyes The real-time video photographic head of picture and comprise digital video recorder and be connected to the computer of monitor.

Fig. 9 B illustrates the exemplary process diagram of the step performed by exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 9 C illustrates the screenshot capture of the display produced by exemplary embodiment.

Before Fig. 9 illustrates the four-quadrant detector with four photosensitive regions A, B, C and D, and plane wavelet and on-plane surface Image Speckle on this four-quadrant detector before wavelet.

Figure 10 be shown through order Wavefront sensor at plane wave front, there is the wavefront defocused and there is the ripple of astigmatism Sample before the front many wavelets around annulus, the Image Speckle position being associated on this four-quadrant detector, with And the order of corresponding centroid position moves when showing on a monitor.

Defocus or sphere refractive error before Figure 11 illustrates the section wave with different defocus shift and for only having The respective change of situation 2D barycenter data point figure of eyes.

Before Figure 12 is shown respectively the section wave vertically and horizontally with different defocus shift and for have defocus with And the respective change of the situation 2D barycenter data point figure of the eyes of astigmatism.

Figure 13 is illustrated based on 2D barycenter data point pattern to find major axis and short axle and thus to obtain measured wavefront The exemplary process diagram of the key step of sphere and cylindricalical error.

Figure 13 A illustrates the block diagram of exemplary embodiment；

Figure 13 B is shown in an embodiment of disclosed method the block diagram of the step related to；

Figure 13 C and 13D illustrates the screenshot capture from an embodiment user output；

Figure 14 illustrates the schematic diagram of the toric lens with axle labelling.

Figure 15 illustrates the schematic diagram of another embodiment, and the equipment that operates before wherein using dynamic wave offsets certain of this wavefront A little selected aberration components.

Detailed description of the invention

Now will be turning in detail to various embodiments of the present invention.The example of these embodiments is shown in the accompanying drawings.Although Invention will be described in conjunction with the embodiments, it will be appreciated that be not intended to limit the present invention to any embodiment In.On the contrary, it is intended to cover may be included in as claims definition spirit and scope of the invention in selection, amendment and etc. Valency scheme.In the following description, elaborate that many details are to provide the thorough understanding to various embodiments.But, do not having In the case of having some or all in these specific detail, it is possible to implement each embodiment.In other cases, it is thus well known that Process operation is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.Further, the most each time Occur that phrase " exemplary embodiment " is not necessarily referring to identical exemplary embodiment.

One embodiment is a device, and including dynamic wave front sensor, this sensor is configured to receive a part of wavefront And export the positional value of position before the wavelet that instruction focuses on, before wherein this part of wavefront includes multiple wavelet, controlled ripple Front offset component, is placed in before it incides on this Wavefront sensor and intercepts this part of wavefront, and controller, coupling It is bonded to this controlled flank shift element, is configured to control this controlled flank shift element to offset the selected of this wavefront Wave front aberration component, thus allow more effectively to detect the residual aberration component of this part of wavefront.

One exemplary embodiment is a device, including: dynamic wave front sensor, it is configured to receive a wavefront and output refers to Showing the positional value of the position before the wavelet of focusing, before wherein this wavefront includes multiple wavelet, and wherein this wavefront includes on-plane surface Wave aberration component；Controlled flank shift element, is placed in before it incides on this Wavefront sensor and intercepts this wavefront； And controller, it coupled to this controlled flank shift element, be configured to control this controlled flank shift element and only support Sell the selected nonplanar wave aberration component of this wavefront, thus allow more effectively to detect the residue nonplanar wave of this wavefront Aberration component.

Another exemplary embodiment is a device, including: sub-wavefront focusing lens, it is configured to (to be somebody's turn to do before a wavelet It is a part for the wavefront generated by light source before wavelet) it is focused to the Image Speckle that is positioned on focal plane, and this wavefront includes Nonplanar wave aberration component；Sequentially wavefront scanning device, is configured to project the different piece of incident wavefront according to priority On sub-wavefront focusing lens；Variable aperture, is configured to the size before controlling this wavelet；Position sensor device, generally within At the focal plane of this sub-wavefront focusing lens, it is configured to indicate the position of this Image Speckle on this position sensor device；Can The flank shift element of control, was placed as before this wavefront is incident on this Wavefront sensor intercepting this wavefront；And control Device, coupled to this controlled flank shift element, is configured to control this controlled flank shift element and only offsets this wavefront Selected nonplanar wave aberration component, thus allow more effectively to detect the nonplanar wave aberration component of this wavefront.

Another exemplary embodiment is a kind of device, including Wavefront sensor, is configured to: in ongoing vision During corrective procedure, measure the real-time aberration value of the wavefront returned from patient's eye, checked patient's eye by surgeon simultaneously Image, and for providing the output signal representing real-time aberration value；And display, it coupled to this Wavefront sensor, joined It is set to the Dynamic Announce indicating this real-time aberration value is shown to surgeon, and is configured at ongoing vision correction hands The image of patient's eye is also checked while being checked by surgeon during art.

Will be appreciated that in above-mentioned and whole application that the feature of different embodiments can combination with one another and/or substituted for one another.

One exemplary embodiment is the device for optimizing vision correcting surgery, including: arrow beam of light, it is directed to patient Retina；Dynamically defocus shift equipment, is configured to offset defocusing of the wavefront from eyes；Wavefront sensor, is configured Before measuring the many wavelets sampled around the annulus (its diameter dynamically changes) on the wavefront with defocus shift Local dip；And display device, it is configured to show two dimension (2D) barycenter data point pattern, each of which data in real time Point position represents the corresponding local dip before the wavelet sampled.

Another embodiment is the method for optimizing vision correcting surgery, including: arrow beam of light is guided regarding to patient Nethike embrane；Dynamically offset defocusing of the wavefront from patient's eye；Use Wavefront sensor to measure and there is defocus shift Local dip before many wavelets that annulus (its diameter dynamically changes) on wavefront is around sampled；And show in real time Two dimension (2D) barycenter data point pattern, inclines in the corresponding local before each of which data point position represents the wavelet sampled Tiltedly.

Extend the general concept offseting some wave front aberration components based on real-time wavefront measurement feedback, thus allow more Clearly illustrate that residual aberration component, an embodiment are the devices for optimizing vision correcting surgery, including: arrow beam of light, quilt Guide to patient's retina；Flank shift element, is configured to the most only offset the specific of the wavefront from patient's eye Aberration component；Wavefront sensor in real time, is configured to measure and is sampled according to particular sample pattern on the wavefront have skew Many wavelets before local dip；And feedback device, it is configured to guide this skew.

Another embodiment is the method for optimizing vision correcting surgery, including: arrow beam of light is guided to patient's view Film；Flank shift element is used the most only to offset the particular aberration component of the wavefront from patient's eye；Use real-time wavefront The local dip before the many wavelets sampled according to particular sample pattern on the wavefront with skew measured by sensor；With And use feedback device to guide this skew.

One exemplary embodiment, for some the wave front aberration components (multiple) from eyes, use actively skew and not It is only passive compensation.Simple focal length variable lens or its equivalent or increasingly complex wavefront manipulator can be used, come real Now this skew.With the active part that the key difference of prior art is this payment.Can scan this skew and in a dynamic fashion to One or more particular aberration components apply the skew having a mind to.

Another exemplary embodiment relates to: feed back based on real-time wavefront measurement, and terminal use or built-in algorithms control to come Determine amount or the scope of the skew that will apply.One purpose is to highlight to need to be corrected further during vision correcting surgery The key feature of those wave front aberration components.Another purpose is equalization noise and obtains the preferable survey of ocular aberrations Amount.

Another exemplary embodiment wavefront is sampled and by refractive surgeon it can be readily appreciated that in the way of show Show this real-time measurements.Specifically, dissipate by sampling around the annulus of the wavefront with specific defocus shift or scanning this Burnt skew, can generate the 2D barycenter data point pattern that can fit to ellipse, has the circle as oval limiting case and straight line, And do so, the direct expression of goalpost refractive error can be realized.

Another exemplary embodiment dynamically change wavefront sampling selected by annulus size, thus to terminal use in While existing understandable 2D barycenter data point pattern, if it is desired, sampling also can cover most of wavefront.Can use built-in Algorithm considers annulus size variation and still presents ellipse or as sphere and the figure of the canonical representation of cylindricalical error, this It is that vision correction professional is well understood by.

Another exemplary embodiment is sampled wavefront according to sample pattern, offsets some low order aberrations simultaneously, so that can Clearly standing out the information about some specific higher order wavefront aberrations, vice versa.Such as, defocus by dynamically payment and mend Repay astigmatism, higher order aberratons (HOA) content can be highlighted and with the understandable form of clinical professional to show this higher order aberratons (HOA) content, higher order aberratons (HOA) content such as coma, this is that surgeon is very familiar and have technology to use surgery hands The most universal HOA that art overcomes.

Another exemplary embodiment, built-in function ground guides IOL to place, and confirms time then in still in operating room Optimize centering, inclination, periphery angular orientation (in the case of any lens with anchor ring) and dioptric result (that is, internal Operatively confirm emmetropic state, or any other dioptric ultimate aim of patient).More specifically, 2D matter can be used Calculation strong point pattern guides the minimizing of the inclination applied by IOL；When implanting multifocal IOL, can use disclosed by the invention Device controls and changes sampled annulus size to check the focal range of the multifocal IOL implanted；When implanting scalable During intraocular lens (AIOL), device disclosed by the invention can be used to measure whether implanted AIOL can provide desired regulation Scope；When implanting anchor ring IOL, device disclosed by the invention can be used to take to the centering and periphery angle guiding this anchor ring IOL To.

One exemplary embodiment confirms that the focal power that IOL selects is the most correct, selects especially for preoperative IOL Select rule not bring consistent effect thus carry out the patient of post-operative cornea refractive surgery.

Another exemplary embodiment allows moulding and places inner or in vitro Corneal onlays and/or inlay.

The eyes not having any optical aberration are referred to as normal eye, and normal aberrationless vision or outlook are just referred to as Depending on.So having in the eyes of perfect vision, when eyes loosen, the light from relatively far object can reach the standard on retina In focus.This is intended to the effect using laser or other vision correcting surgeries to reach.Owing to for relatively far object, entrance is loosened The wavefront of normal eye can be considered as plane, when making the light direction of propagation converse, i.e. when near amphiblestroid When the light negative line feed that the point source of fovea centralis (fovea) is launched is passed through eye optical system and leaves eyes, wavefront is also Plane.Fig. 1 illustrates the plane wave front 110 from the normal eye 120 loosened.

Ocular aberrations is generally divided into low order and high-order.Low order aberration includes defocusing (also referred to as sphere refractive error) and dissipating Light (also referred to as cylindricalical error).The dissimilar the most familiar name defocused of the two is myopia (myopia) and hypermetropia (hypermetropia or the remote timid remote disease of energy).Auto-refractomer can be used to measure these refractive errors, and they may indicate that institute in eyes Have about the 85% of aberration.Defocus when being advanced through on the contrary from the light sent near the point source of amphiblestroid fovea centralis to have Eye optical system when leaving eyes, this wavefront is that sphere is assembled or spherical divergence.Fig. 2 illustrates the eyes from myopia Before the Convergent Laser Beam of 220 210, and Fig. 3 illustrates the spheric wave front 310 dissipated of the eyes 320 from hypermetropia.

If there is no astigmatism, the cornea shape of eyes seems the cross section that baseball cuts half.On whole profile, should be partly The curvature of ball or flatness are all identical.By this with and cut along length direction (at this length direction, by two tips) rugby The cornea opening half similar compares.This cornea is not precipitous with as short direction in the curvature of length direction (along cut channel). Such cornea is not to focus light on a single point, but focuses on two points.Have without certain of astigmatism corrected People is it can be seen that obscure and the image of ghost image.To the cornea of the rugby cut along length direction, there is astigmatism.

In the eyes with astigmatism, it is being positioned at two from falling compared with the light of far object along two vertical orientated directions Focus at difference, such as, one is positioned on retina and after another is positioned at retina.This is probably the angle with astigmatism The situation of the eyes of film, uneven curvature seems the rugby that extending direction cuts.The two different curvature causes two not Same focus.Depend on focus position, there is the astigmatism of various combination.Example includes:

Simple myopic astigmatism a: point is before retina, and another is positioned on retina；

Compound myopic astigmatism: before two focuses are respectively positioned on retina；

Simple hypermetropic astigmatism a: point is after retina, and another is positioned on retina；

Compound hypermetropic astigmatism: two focuses are all after retina；

Mixed astigmatism a: point is before retina, and another is after retina；

Generally, when in eyes and when there is astigmatism at cornea, the astigmatism in eyes in terms of amount just with corneal astigmatism phase Instead.Therefore the astigmatism of the two form eliminates each other, and makes eyes not have the astigmatism of significant quantity.

The eyes of astigmatism typically have two different meridians, and 90 ° relative to each other, this makes image focusing at each In meridianal Different Plane.But meridian each myopia, hypermetropia or emmetropic.The rectification of astigmatism be usually cylinder or Toric lens, this lens have the different light focusing focal power on different specific orientation directions.

No matter the distance of focal length, it is out-of-focus that astigmatism makes image be positioned at." minimum disperse is made by regulation or focusing Circle " arrive on the retina, the eye of astigmatism can be allowed to make fuzzy minimizing.

In order to correct astigmatism, when before cylindrical lens is placed on eyes or in eyes, it is necessary to specify the axle of cylindrical lens Position.When indicating the angle of axle, observer is in the face of patient and orientation angles zero-bit are on the left of observer.Below horizontal line Read scale, be 90 ° in bottom and be 180 ° on right side.

For astigmatism or there is cylindricalical error eyes in the case of, from the fovea centralis retinae near eyes The wavefront of point source can be no longer rotationally symmetrical relative to optical axis, and the substitute is, and this wavefront will along two differences the most mutually Perpendicular azimutal orientation direction has different spherical divergences or convergence.

Fig. 4 illustrates the wavefront from myopia and the eyes 420 with astigmatism (compound myopic astigmatism).Note, for vertically For (side view) and level (top view) cross section, the convergence degree before eyes postwave of leaving is different.Eye is left at light After eyeball, compare the wavefront 410b of the horizontal cross-section of top view situation, the wavefront 410a of the vertical cross-section of side view situation, initially More assemble.Therefore, beam shape will no longer be around optical axis and have rotational symmetric pure cone.As three-dimensional illustrates 430 institutes Show, it then follows light from right to left is propagated, beam cross-section shape (being perpendicular to direction of beam propagation) by from bigger horizontal ellipse, It is changed to horizontal line, is changed to have the less horizontal ellipse of shorter major axis, is changed to Least confusion disc, is changed to have relatively The less vertical ellipse of short major axis, it is changed to vertical line, is then changed to bigger vertical ellipse.It should be noted that light These shapes of area of beam should not obscured, although between the two with two dimension (2D) the wavefront barycenter data point figure being discussed below There is correspondence or similarity.

As for wavefront, it has to be noted that, geometrical ray optics represents it is inaccurate.Owing to light beam focuses on optimal poly- Near burnt position, it should use wave optics to solve wavefront variation.It practice, near best focus region, light beam more like It is Gaussian beam, and the curvature of wavefront gradually will be changed to, by no longer keeping identical, the ripple the most more assembled before convergent wave Before, be then changed to the wavefront of less convergence and be finally changed to the wavefront of plane and be then changed to the wavefront dissipated.At water Horizontal line beam shape position, the wavefront of side view or vertical cross-section is actually plane, because this is corresponding vertical cross-section Wavefront is changed to the point of diverging spherical wavefront before Convergent Laser Beam.Similarly, in vertical line beam shape position, top view or The wavefront of horizontal cross-section will be plane, is changed to dissipate ball because this is the wavefront in respective horizontal cross section before Convergent Laser Beam The position of face wavefront.Hereinafter, for the correspondence between beam shape change and the wavefront variation being associated, we will be given More detail discussion.

It should be noted that visual sensitivity and visual performance are relevant to wave front aberration, but for describe the tolerance of vision with The prescription of glasses or the contact lens filled in optician's shop can be taken and be not communicated with.Vision is typically given with Snellen form, example As, 20/40.For 20/40 vision, patient at the 20 appreciable objects of feet away, can by have 20/20 vision someone from 40 feet away are seen.Therefore, there is 20/400 vision someone there is the most worse vision；Denominator or second digit are more Greatly, vision is the poorest.Extreme case, if vision is the most even worse, so that not it can be seen that letter " E " maximum on visual acuity chart, then may be used The number of the finger that number is clear is the method measuring vision.If someone has " at 3 feet away number fingers ", it means that ask The eyes of topic have the vision being inferior to 20/400, and only can recognize that finger number at 3 feet away.The gold mark of perfect vision Standard is 20/20 vision, although a lot of patient can see than " perfect " more preferably.Although Most patients is used together eyes, but Test each eye independently, just as the measurement of individual's prescription.Under represent visual sensitivity (unit be foot and Rice) and (this is the units of measurement of power of lens, equal to the inverse of the focal length recorded with rice in units of diopter (that is, 1/ meter)) refractive error between relation.

With the form of the prescription of vision correction, if eyes are only myopia, single negative diopter numeral will be there is.Minus sign table Show myopia or myopia.Numeral after minus sign represents amount or " severity " of myopia.Such as ,-1.00D means myopia One diopter ,-5.25D means the myopic refractive degree of 5.25 or five and 1/4th.This than-1.00D closer to regarding, and so Need thicker negative film glasses.

If eyes are only hypermetropias, the diopter numeral of Dan Weizheng will be there is.Plus sige represents hypermetropia or hypermetropia.At plus sige Numeral afterwards represents amount or " severity " of hypermetropia.Such as ,+1.00D means a diopter of hypermetropia, and+5.75D means The hyperopic refractive degree of 5.75 or five and 3/4ths.This is more farther than+1.00D regards, and so needs thicker positive glasses.

If eyes have astigmatism, numeral becomes more indigestion.Actually in there is the prescription of eyes of astigmatism There are 3 numerals.Generally form is S+C × axle.S and C can be plus or minus number.S refers to what is called " sphere " or the ball of prescription Face part.C refers to amount of astigmatism or the cylinder partial of prescription.Axle is the Any Digit between 0 to 180 degree；This number of axle word table shows There is the difference of corneal curvature or how to be orientated or be directed at (align) astigmatism in where.Point out to there are how many astigmatism not enough, also have The difference of curvature is there occurs to understand where desired by providing coordinate.Therefore, at certain type and the place of the astigmatism of severity Side exists three numerals.Second digit C is the biggest, there is the most astigmatism.There is the astigmatism of several classifications, and should by analyzing 3 digital prescriptions, it is intended that the exact type of astigmatism.Such as ,-2.00+1.50 × 180 mean negative 2 dioptric spheres Positive 1.50 dioptric astigmatism at refractive error and the axle at 180 degree；+ 4.00+3.00 × 89 mean positive 4 diopters Sphere refractive error and axle at 89 degree at positive 3 dioptric astigmatism.

Higher order aberratons refers to by through having irregular dioptric assembly (tear film, cornea, aqueous humor, crystalline lens and glass Body) other distortions acquired in wavefront of light of eyes.Cornea and lenticular abnormal curvature can give the credit to higher order aberratons (HOA).Serious higher order aberratons also may originate from from ophthalmologic operation, wound or disease for the scar scar of cornea.Muddy eyes are certainly Right lenticular cataract can cause higher order aberratons.When dry eyes make ocular tear film (help bending or dioptric light Realize focusing on) when diminishing, it is possible to cause aberration.The namespace number of higher order aberratons is coma, trilobal aberration and spherical aberration. Wavefront sensor can be used to measure higher order aberratons, and they may indicate that in eyes about the 15% of whole aberrations.

Despite the presence of having used Wavefront sensor to make measurement before vision correction, (this can provide vision correcting surgery Prescription) and vision correcting surgery during or after the snapshot of wavefront measurements can tell that vision correction professional should rectify The most carrying out the fact that terminate the most rightly, static state or the snapshot essence of wave front chart cannot be in real time at that time Carve guiding or mensuration vision correcting surgery optimizes vision correction result.Lack real-time objective feedback frequently result in needs one or Multiple subsequent procedures (multiple) prune (trim) or intense adjustment vision correction, this high cost, are inherently present risk, expense Time and be all troublesome for ophthalmologist and patient.

Although for use the wavefront measurement of closed loop control refractive surgery based on laser have that some are open (see Such as, US6428533, US6887232, US7232463, US6394999 and US6508812) and display wavefront in real time is surveyed Amount result there is also that some are open (see such as, US6572230, US6609794 and US6631991), but due to this closed loop control System is not to can be easy to professional from origin real-time customization vision correcting surgery and this display to clinical professional The form understood shows, these control and display is not user-friendly.Further, wavefront compensation device (multiple) is combined ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS based on Wavefront sensor before operates with ON/OFF pattern, only allows terminal use to beat and opens or closes Close wavefront compensation device (multiple) and compensate some low orders or whole abnormal eye wavefront (see such as.US5777719、 US5949521、US6095651、US6948818、US7416305、 US6595643、US6709108、US6964480、 US7448752, US7419264, US7475989, US6631991, US6634750, US7226443 and US7237898).They Do not allow terminal use dynamically or partly to cancel or offset some selected wave front aberration components wittingly so that with prominent Go out or significant mode is to represent the key character of other wave front aberrations.Additionally, present the traditional approach (of wavefront measurements As be 2D wave front chart or the form of Zernike multinomial coefficient) for vision correction professional or refractive surgeon The most unintelligible.Therefore, clinical professional is frequently found and is difficult to during vision correcting surgery explain the ripple for guiding Pre-test optimizes correction result.

In the exemplary embodiment next described, when vision correcting surgery is carried out, it is provided that image form Rather than the real-time objective feedback of the wavefront measurement of snapshot, this is intelligible for vision correction professional.This energy Make vision correction professional only dynamically offset or partly eliminate some wave front aberration component, thus highlight or even amplify Need the most important feature (multiple) of the residue wave front aberration corrected further.Meanwhile, need be prone to interference and The mode understood presents wavefront measurements.Identify these features missed to rectify allowing to be easier to optimize vision in real time Just perform the operation.

According to one or more exemplary embodiments, in response to Real-time Feedback and/or the display of measured wavefront, by end End subscriber arranges or based on some built-in algorithms, the component that defocuses from the wavefront of eyes is had a mind to and offsets on one's own initiative.Make With having a mind to and skew actively is not only served in and compensates the function that wavefront defocuses, also can serve and overcome Wavefront sensor measuring The purpose of dynamic range limit during local dip before the wavelet sampled, also can be shown more clearly by out other aberration components The principal character (multiple) of (multiple), therefore can make vision correction professional or refractive surgeon intense adjustment in real time be somebody's turn to do Vision correcting surgery and minimize remaining wave front aberration (multiple).In terms of sampling and showing real-time wavefront measurements, The local dip before sampled wavelet can be shown with the form of 2D barycenter data point figure on a monitor around annulus sampling, It can be fitted as circle or oval or straight line, the most directly represents two main refractive errors, i.e. sphere and cylindricalical Error, and cylinder/astigmatism axle, or matching is to the cardioid of coma or other high-order unsymmetric forms.As result, dioptric Surgeon is it can be readily appreciated that wavefront measurements correspondingly intense adjustment vision correction.

Note, in all wave front aberrations, between different eyes, sphere refractive error have maximum excursion ( ± 30 diopters may be up under some extreme cases), and the every other wave front aberration component of such as astigmatism etc has little Change much.Additionally, during refractive surgery, if the crystalline lens removed in eyes, compare the eyes of Phakic, without brilliant The eyes of shape body can have the most different sphere refractive error dioptric optical value, and both differences are up to 20 diopters.Due in sense The dynamic range surveying the local dip aspect Wavefront sensor before the wavelet sampled is limited, it is therefore desirable for be to pass at this wavefront The light path of sensor configures defocus compensation equipment and just compensates this sphere refractive error, so that Wavefront sensor can measure warp The wavefront of defocus compensation.But, as it has been described above, prior art has wavefront compensation device (multiple) or ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS The substantially all pattern with " on an off " of Wavefront sensor operates, thus opens or closes wavefront compensation.It is being easily solved dioptric How surgeon should continue to obtain more preferable vision correction aspect in real time, and such operation is not cured to refractive surgical The help that raw offer is enough.In order to overcome this weakness, refractive surgeon or built-in algorithms optionally eliminate or offset Specific wave front aberration component (multiple), therefore can highlight residual aberration (multiple) in the way of " amplification " or " expansion ".As As a result, refractive surgeon can see how his/her vision correcting surgery should continue thus to remove residual aberration (many in real time Individual), confirm result and record value and the sensing of compensated aberration.

Fig. 5 illustrates an embodiment of sensing system before dynamic wave, wherein uses defocus shift equipment to offset from eye The sphere refractive error component of the wavefront of eyeball.

Sequentially Wavefront sensor 528 has the first lens 504, for focusing on the linear polarization input light with wavefront 502 Bundle.Focusing on light beam and be advanced through polarization beam apparatus (PBS) 506, it is configured such that its polarization direction passed and incident illumination The polarization directions aligned of bundle.As result, linear polarization convergent beam will be through PBS506.Quarter-wave plate 508 is placed After PBS506, its fast axle is oriented such that light beam circularly polarized light beam occurs after passing this quarter-wave plate 508.Pin After orifice plate 510 is placed on quarter-wave plate 508 and before being just positioned at scanning mirror 512, thus it is used for refusing the most direct Light from the wavefront interested of light beam.

The convergent beam of input, after by pinhole plate 510, is focused on the reflecting surface of scanning mirror 512 of inclination, Scanning mirror 512 is installed on motor shaft 514.The light beam reflected by scanning mirror dissipates, the principal rays of its beam center Being changed to a direction, the direction depends on angle of inclination and the position of rotation of motor 514 of scanning mirror 512.It is contemplated that this warp The light beam of reflection remains circularly polarized, but this circular polarization direction of rotation will be changed to the right hand from left hand or change from the right hand For left hand.Therefore, once on light beam return path, second time is by this quarter-wave plate 508, and this light beam becomes line again Polarization, but its polarization direction rotates to direction orthogonal for original incident light beam.Therefore, at polarization beam apparatus At 506, as shown in phantom beam in Fig. 5, Returning beam will be reflected onto left side mostly.

Second lens 516 are placed on the left of PBS506 calibrates the divergent beams of reflection and generation is originally inputted wavefront Copy.Due to the inclination of scanning mirror, the wavefront replicated is moved transversely.Aperture 518 be placed on the second lens 516 it Before being positioned at sub-wavefront focusing lens 520 afterwards and just, thus select the sub-fraction of replicated wavefront.This wavelet prefocusing is saturating Mirror 520 is by selected wavelet prefocusing on position sensor device 522, and this position sensor device is used for determining from order choosing The barycenter of the focal beam spot generated in before the wavelet selected.By carrying out electric rotating machine 514 with continuous or step-by-step system and changing scanning The angle of inclination of mirror 512, can control radial direction and the azimuthal variation amount of replicated wavefront, so that the optional ripple replicated Front any part is in a sequential manner by aperture 518.As result, for standard Hartmann Shack Wavefront sensor Situation, total wavefront of original incident light beam can be characterized, except now the most in a sequential manner rather than parallel mode obtains each Barycenter before wavelet.

When the angle of inclination of scanning mirror keeps constant, scan the ring portion of wavefront 502 according to priority.By changing scanning mirror Inclination, the radius of ring portion can be changed.

Light source module 535, including light source 534, calibration lens 537 and beam steering elements 536, is used for arrow beam of light Guide to the retina of patient's eye 538.It has been noted that infrared imaging module 538 can be used in US20080278683 The monitoring position of fovea centralis retinae and alignment these eyes that align.Additionally, as shown in Figure 5, interior fixing and quick-eyed Degree projection module 542 can include micro-display 544 and beam steering elements 548, and adjusts for changing the adaptability of patient's eye Joint and inspection patient visual's sensitivity.When the adapt mechanism of the eyes of patient is not benumbed, in whole adaptation Property range of accommodation on the optimization formulation measured continuously will vision correction provided of wave front aberration.Although illustrating the two mould Block, it is too be understood that for device embodiment, they and not strictly necessary.

But, as an aspect of embodiment, in the situation also making wavefront measurement for whole adapt scope Under, interior fixing/visual sensitivity projection module may be additionally used for changing the adapt of patient's eye.In the adapt phase Between, although fixing axle can not change, it means that suitably patient's alignment, but actual visual axis or varying center, represent A kind of pseudo-adapt or asymmetric vision correction.Wavefront sensor this change recordable also determines that adapt is corrected.

Another aspect as embodiment, it is possible to use interior fixing/visual sensitivity projection module guides patient inclined See axle, thus incident beam can be guided to falling at amphiblestroid diverse location rather than falling at retinal centre recess.This Can realize by the specific pixel of micro-display 544 or one group of pixel are opened, and as result, guiding eyes are fixed on It is somebody's turn to do in " opening " pixel (multiple), and can be for center and peripheral light scattering position capture ocular aberrations wavefront.In do so Time, measuring wavefront aberrations can be carried out according to the landing position of incident beam, and therefore can generate diverse location scattering from retina The 2D array of wave front aberration of light.In addition to being only from the conventional ocular aberrations wavefront measurement of center light scattering position, so 2D array wavefront measurement return vision correction professional and provide additional valuable information.Going back in addition to central vision For can optimizing the angle of peripheral vision, this will further optimize aberration correction prescription.

In Figure 5, by changing the lens before being placed in Wavefront sensor 528 in the optical path or the having of lens combination 505 Effect focal length or spherical diopter, it is achieved defocus shift actively.The change of adjustable effective focal length indicates will be from The actual wavefront that retina returns changes into the rectification of the diopter (such as) required for plane wave.This dioptric rectification is Correct the refractive prescription of patient's vision.It is described in detail below or the step of this prescription of sphere and astigmatism.

Note, the difference between the present embodiment and those embodiments disclosed in US7445335 and US20080278683 It is in optical path, configure dynamic defocus shift element 505.If using such element, former embodiment is only Mention compensation or make to defocus invalid function (defocus nulling function).In the present example, except compensate or Outside invalid function, defocus shift element 505 also provides for the sphere dioptric actively offseting or partly eliminating in plus or minus direction Error component, so that the more or less spherical divergence of wavefront or convergence, and anti-according to display in real time and/or wavefront measurement Feedback, actively skew is arranged or by built-in algorithms control by refractive surgeon.

One aspect of this embodiment is to use defocus shift equipment to partially compensate for any relatively large sphere Refractive error, thus remaining sphere and cylindricalical error and other higher order aberratons fully fall in the measurement of Wavefront sensor In dynamic range.Thus, variable focusing length lens are used as optical module, it is possible to dramatically increase the wavefront sensing system of combination Measurement dynamic range.Another aspect of the present embodiment is, carries out or do not carry out the suitable of eyes in adapt scope In the case of the change of answering property, the defocus shift in the range of scanning wavefront measurement, thus can obtain ophthalmic refractive errors more preferably and Measure more accurately.

It should be noted that the defocus shift equipment described in Fig. 5 can include one group of lens, be configured to allow focusing model Enclose the change along Returning beam optic axis.The position of these lens and axial spacing provide can actively remove or regulate and are sent The skew of sphere refractive error component of light beam.This actively focuses on divergence or the convergence " matching " changing light beam Or permission coupling light beam focussing property, thus another aberration properties of decaying, so that the oval-shaped beam shape of instruction astigmatism situation Shape occurs.In the case of the focal length variations accurately knowing compensation, this " fit procedure " changes the ball of this light beam really Face focal power.The first-order linear focal variation introduced by active offset lens (multiple) does not change the property of other intrinsic aberrations Matter, its basic object is prominent and emphasizes existing potential higher order aberratons.Detect the sensitivity of existing higher order aberratons along with More accurately matching position and increase because the sphere refractive error component of aberration " is mated " or " matching " allow for by more Being better understood by and detecting of the wavefront variation that little slope value (can being covered by bigger spheric wave front slope value) is applied.

This can be by following and easier visualization: consider the overall picture of the earth, and the earth has bigger the most spherical, and it has The countless less slope variation caused by Local terrain changes, wherein mountain range is the change of positive slope local and mountain valley is negative Slope variation.If the bigger linear spherical component of the planarization earth, remaining less slope variation will become the brightest Aobvious, and preferably define the elliptical shape of overall non-General Elliptic body.This active defocus shift acts only on collected Returning beam linear sphere component on.

Although it should be noted that positive and negative lens combination moves to axial the defocus shift element being used as in Fig. 5, The optical element of other variable focal points can be used, including liquid or solid-state focal length variable lens, voice coil loudspeaker voice coil or motor-driven move Dynamic lens (multiple), liquid crystal lens (multiple), lens acousto-optic (multiple), distorting lens (multiple) and diaphragm (multiple).Defocus shift Before the position of element need not just be positioned at Wavefront sensor, and may be located at optical path Anywhere, if it be used for Defocusing of pin wavefront.It practice, for compact design, can be by defocus shift element and other light optical elements (multiple) one Play design in Wavefront sensor 528.Such as, it can combine with the prefocusing lens 504 of order Wavefront sensor 528.So Real time sequence Wavefront sensor can be made with less form factor and therefore can be incorporated into a large amount of optical imagery or survey In amount system, in such as refraction of eye surgery microscope.Although being also to be noted that and figure 5 illustrates order Wavefront sensor 528, it be also possible to use other kinds of Wavefront sensor, as long as it can provide wavefront measurement, such sensor to include Hartmann-Shack, Talbot-Moire, Tscherning, ray trace sensor, phase difference sensor and interferometry Wavefront sensor.

Electronic Control and detecting system 532 coordinate the excitation of all active components, including defocus shift equipment 505, the reddest The condenser lens 582 of outer imaging camera head 584, the accommodation change element of interior fixing/visual sensitivity projector 542 546 and other.

Fig. 6 is the detailed diagram of Electronic Control and the exemplary embodiment of detecting system 532.Printed circuit board (PCB) (PCB) 600 Including microcontroller 601, there is the memorizer 602 for storing program code and data and for performing this program code And process the processing unit 604 of these data.This microcontroller has the I/O interface (use coupleding to each control module 606 to 618 Arrow indicates) 605.Use each of sensing system before standard technique, these control modules and the dynamic wave of the determination shown in Fig. 5 Attached components.

PCB600 also include for the host computer side interface 620 of host computer interfaces and for such as foot switch The user interface 622 that the user interface facilities of 624 etc connects.Foot switch can be configured to allow surgeon by controlling " amplification " or " reducing " is come in the position of defocus mechanism.

Memorizer 602 is configured to store the program being executable to implement following algorithm, thus controls shown in Fig. 5 really Sensing system before fixed dynamic wave.Each module shown in Fig. 6 can be implemented as discrete parts or be integrated in ASIC or other can On programming device.

Microcontroller 601 can send control signal to the scanning mirror controller 606 being connected to scanning mirror driver and drive Scanning mirror 614, and control signal can be sent to open and close light source 534 to light source controller 608.Further, this microcontroller Device can pass through front-end amplifier and A/D converter 610, receives signal from the four-quadrant detector 522 shown in Fig. 5.Additionally, micro-control Device processed controls NIR photographic head condenser lens 582 also by condenser lens controller 612.One crucial merit of microcontroller Can be to offset defocusing of defocus shift equipment 505 by defocus shift controller 614.This microcontroller is available more Additional function includes controlling accommodation change element 546 and by variable aperture control by interior static controller 616 Device 618 processed changes sampled aperture size before the wavelet of variable aperture equipment 518.Can by special microprocessor or computer or its His electronic processing device provides Electronic Control and detects the function of subsystem, and therefore, the Electronic Control shown in Fig. 5 and inspection Examining system 532 is only considered as optional component and should not be the item required for device.

Including the display module 592 shown in Fig. 5, because can be direct by refractive surgeon during vision correcting surgery Check, thus guide him/her select desired defocus shift and optimize vision correcting surgery result.It should be noted, however, that It is that the display module 592 shown in Fig. 5 should be construed broadly to Real-time Feedback device.It practice, for surgery microscope Under vision corrective surgery, it is achieved show the method for real-time wavefront measurement to be in surgery microscope and combine micro display Device, so that wavefront measurements can be covered on the image of the patient's eye formed by surgery microscope and directly outside dioptric Section doctor shows.During do so, this surgeon need not remove his/her head from the binoculars of surgery microscope.

Fig. 7 illustrates that the surgery with the translucent micro-display 720 at the thing conjugate planes being combined in image path shows The diagram of micro mirror 710.Use this micro-display to show the output of sensing system before the dynamic wave of the determination of Fig. 5 so that outward Section doctor from the point of view of not removing from microscope ocular in the case of provided information is provided.It should be noted that such as Really this micro-display is not translucent, can configure beam steering elements this microdisplay image is thrown on image path Shadow is on the retina of surgeon's eyes.This display can also is that less LCD detector, can be directly mounted at surgery On microscope.

On the other hand, if the surgery microscope visual field has been displayed on away from the larger screen of surgery microscope, and Patient is being performed the operation by the field of microscope that surgeon is just showing according to larger screen, then this embodiment wavefront measurements Should show in same larger screen, as overlay image or display on different display windows.

The information that having the real-time wavefront measurement of defocus shift is provided can also be other data forms.One example Be use built-in algorithms, this algorithm defocus automatically offseting or scanning and simultaneously remind refractive surgeon he/her should be with spy Determine mode and continue this vision correcting surgery.

Fig. 8 illustrates that wherein scanning defocuses so that it is determined that the optimal defocus shift position that can highlight residual aberration is such built-in The exemplary process diagram of algorithm.Then select this defocus shift setting value or position, and then instruction refractive surgeon he/her How should continue vision correcting surgery.

In process frame 800, start Wavefront processor Real-time Feedback algorithm.Such as, user can show at main frame from display Algorithm menu on device selects Real-time Feedback algorithm.

In process frame 802, defocus shift is moved into the next position, and in process frame 804, measures from figure image patch The response of some position detector quadrant.

In process frame 806, calculate cartesian coordinate system based on the response from each position detector quadrant.So After, such as, determine the inclination of wave front of sampled wavefront, centroid position, minimum and maximum axle, sphere, cylinder, coma and three Leaf picture extent.Further, display centroid trajectory.Calculating can be repeatedly made for identical defocus shift position, until such as, Reach desired signal noise ratio by equalization, and in other words, identical annulus can be sampled repeatedly and average, until obtaining Desired signal noise ratio.Further, multiple donut can be sampled to cover whole wavefront.Additionally, by with the sweeping of scanning mirror Retouch and turn on light source synchronously, the most in a pulsed fashion, it is possible to change the quantity before the wavelet wanting to sample around single annulus.

In process frame 810, it is determined whether have collected the required quantity of defocus shift data point.Without Reaching the required or desired quantity of data point, process is back to process frame 802, defocuses and is offset to next position.In order to Determine whether to reach the required or desired quantity of data point, real-time wavefront measurements can be used as standard.If wavefront Measure and indicate the wavelet top rake sampled still in the dynamic range of Wavefront sensor, then defocus shift can continue.If it is another On the one hand, before wavefront sensor measurements shows one or more wavelet recorded, local dip has been positioned at or falls dynamically Outside scope, this would indicate that the one end having reached defocus shift.Identical standard is used to determine the other end of defocus shift, until Have collected all data points between two extreme values.

If for having reached required by data point or the answer of problem of desired quantity is yes, then this mistake Journey proceeds to process frame 812, herein, determines can highlight the best offset value of residual aberration from being obtained by scanning shift ellipse (multiple).This step is described in detail below with reference to Figure 13.Defocus mechanism is offset to one of " optimized migration " value, and in display The barycenter data point of gained is shown on device.It is provided on how most preferably to continue the letter of vision correcting surgery to refractive surgeon Breath.

Such as, such as what direction moves IOL thus proper alignment or what direction are rectified to rotate toric lens The such information of astigmatismus regularis can be provided as the graphical information on display or text.

This instructs not necessarily visual display form, because the feedback form of such as audio instructions etc may also function as Identical function.In other exemplary embodiments, available general feedback mechanism substitutes visual display module, this general feedback mechanism Can be embedded in Electronic Control and detecting system 532.Visual displays and audio instructions be can also be combined to guide surgeon Complete this vision correcting surgery.

Performed the firmware held in onboard memorizer by microprocessor, can automatically realize Wavefront sensor Real-time Feedback Algorithm.Alternatively, program code can be stored on main frame and be used for control each control module, maybe can use host computer control and Certain combination of firmware.

During vision correcting surgery, target is that patient's vision is improved to the point of emmetropia state.For realizing this mesh , the low order of such as sphere, cylinder, trilobal and coma etc and high order optical aberrations error are required for correcting.Traditional rectifys Pass through the composite number (usually diopter) with the instruction optics ametropia margin of error and rectification or invalid required amount Static measurement and occur.Apply this rectification, then carry out another static measurement to determine the effectiveness of this treatment or rectification.

Along with the appearance of real-time Wavefront measuring apparatus disclosed by the invention, the diopter of optical aberration not only can be shown in real time Value, also can provide audio signal to carry out the change of index error type, error size and error in real time.As example, audible feedback Pitch (pitch), tone and loudness can be included, and can individually or together change.When the rectification applied improves error Time, audible feedback can be from High variation to low；Whereas if the rectification applied makes error become grain or inadvertently change error, Then audible feedback can be from low to high.In the case of user is difficult to listen to, such as, the raising and lowering of audio frequency can be made in turn.

The embodiment of the audible feedback correcting cylinder errors can include the specific pitch that error marker is cylinder, and tone Represent extent by mistake.When applying to correct, in this example of Rotating cylindrical surface IOL, pitch is by tone or falling tone (frequency To be increased or decreased), represent that this rectification is assembled and still dissipate to emmetropia state (making the intrinsic cylinder errors invalid with IOL). Once achieve desired rectification, different pitches can be transmitted or tone confirms, or user can hear that rising tune is to falling tone sound Transition point.

In this audible feedback can be applied to operation or all corrective procedures such as correction mirror.This audible feedback is being provided Time, clinician is by need not lift their head or shift their eyes from corrective procedure or surgical operation, therefore minimum Change potential error.This enforcement audio frequency can be applied anti-to any wavefront application detecting, measure and/or correcting wavefront error Feedback.

The conventional Wavefront sensor that human eye wavefront characterizes is generally designed by obtaining with room lighting decline or closedown The most snapshots of snapshot of patient's eye wavefront.The continuous print that such Wavefront sensor not can provide for Real-time Feedback is real-time Wavefront measurements, particularly when when the ophthalmology surgery microscope with the illumination light opened and/or room light is combined.Right In vision correcting surgery, when performing vision correcting surgery, vision correction clinician/surgeon is advantageously used wavefront Display in real time and the feedback therefore obtained of measurement result.Additionally, surgeon is also advantageously used display in real time mostly In real time wave front data, it synchronously and is superimposed upon (wavefront is the most associated) on the real-time video display/image of eyes, and this is folded The wave front data added is shown in qualitative or quantitative or combination qualitative/quantitative mode.

Such as, further, in order to more efficiently carry out vision correcting surgery, surgeon not only needs to see reality with video Time wave front data, in addition it is also necessary to rewinding/nearest several sections of resetting check operating procedure, determine how continuation correct or suspend come Till temporal specified point as reference.So far, these problems are not solved the most fully.

Hereinafter, a kind of device/system and a kind of method are described, it is achieved wavefront measurement and display in real time, and with in real time Real-time display/the recording/playback of the wave front data that eyes video display/image synchronizes.

According to one or more example embodiments, disclose for providing the device of feedback/be to vision correcting surgery System and method.This device is characterized as being real-time Wavefront sensor, real-time video photographic head and has the meter of digital video recorder Calculation machine and be connected to the display of this computer.The method is characterized as, and uses real-time Wavefront sensor to collect from eyes Wave front data, use video frequency pick-up head catch/record eyes video image, with measured by computer disposal from eyes Wave front data, thus the most desired information of extract real-time this wavefront information is superimposed to eyes the video image recorded, And on the monitor being connected to computer or multiple monitor, show this wavefront information and eyes image.

One of exemplary embodiment is characterised by, the most synchronously catch and/or record by Wavefront sensor and This real-time wavefront information that eyes video frequency pick-up head synchronously and is respectively collected and real-time eyes video image information.Exemplary Another feature is that of embodiment, processes collected information in real time and is converted to desired format thus in same monitor (multiple) upper display in real time or playback.Another of exemplary embodiment is characterised by, by terminal use according to user preferences Determine the information that will show on a monitor.

Fig. 9 A illustrates the schematic diagram of device/system example, including real-time Wavefront sensor 90102, real-time video photographic head 90104, it is connected to the computer 90106 of Wavefront sensor 90102 and video frequency pick-up head 90104, is connected to computer 90106 and The display/monitor 90108 of beam splitter 90110.

Fig. 9 B illustrates the exemplary method embodiment performing step.This real-time Wavefront sensor and real-time video photographic head are same Time catch each of which data and by these data feed-in computers.Beam splitter is used the part of the light from eyes to be drawn It is directed at video frequency pick-up head and another part of the light from eyes is guided to Wavefront sensor.Can be by beam splitter and video camera Head is embedded in wavefront sensor module.These data of Computer real-time processing also convert this data to desired form for showing Show.

In one exemplary embodiment, video frequency pick-up head and Wavefront sensor coupled to computer, and existing soft by standard Part compiler, UI maker, service and drive (such as Microsoft Visual Studio Professional and Microsoft DirectShow application programming interface (API), this is the Media Stream architecture of Microsoft's Window) connect, from And this software receives continuous data stream from video frequency pick-up head and Wavefront sensor hardware.

It is similar to video frequency pick-up head and catches the attribute (e.g., color, brightness, action etc.) of visual scene, ripple the most frame by frame Pre-test can be caught by frame by frame, and Tong Bu with the video image of eyes.

This wave front data stream represents real-time wavefront measurement value and photographic head data stream represents real-time photography head frame (that is, " shadow Picture ").Relative to real-time photography head frame, it is synchronously received real-time wavefront measurement value.Wavefront circulation is changed to and photographic head frame by software Synchronizing and the computer graphical of mixing, and be shown as on a computer display synthesizing " image ", this performs with surgeon Real-time activity synchronize.

In the exemplary embodiment, Wavefront sensor measured value is converted into and is shaped as circle or oval computer graphical, This is sphere and the canonical representation of cylindricalical error, and vision correction professional can understand well.As shown in Figure 9 C, These computer graphicals of superposition on the image of biological eye.This synthesis " image " is buffered, so that surgeon is in operation Period and/or Post operation can check (that is, " resetting ") this image.

This computer is connected to monitor, and this monitor can show wavefront measurements and the video shadow of biological eye simultaneously Picture.Further, monitor can be a part (situation of such as laptop computer) for computer or single monitor Or the multiple monitors linked together.

Wavefront properties can be displayed in optical parallax present in biological optics of the eye system, thus clinician can be at surgery hands Error (multiple) is corrected in real time during art or eye examination.In the case of not having the real-time of the disclosure, clinician only may be used Obtaining the snapshot (single, static frame) of these attributes, this has significantly slowed each corrective and has adjusted and allow to be monitored Variable is measurably change (e.g., patient's eye moves, forms tear etc.) between many snapshots.

In addition to the advantage of this display in real time, this exemplary embodiment provides digital video recorder (DVR) Ability so that surgeon or check during and/or afterwards these parameters can check as image (playback).This DVR energy Power allows, during correcting or Post operation and allow for training purpose and improve surgical technic or instruct medical student, at any time Between check property value.

It should be noted that video frequency pick-up head can be monochrome/black and white or colour imagery shot.The spectral response of video frequency pick-up head can Covering visible light and near infrared range.This photographic head can have amplification and reduction capability, so that surgeon or clinician The Digital size of optional shown video image.Also can prune or rotate shown eye image to adapt to surgeon Visual angle.In the exemplary embodiment, use USB camera, IDS model UI-2230SE-M manufactured, formed in Fig. 9 Shown image.

This display can be the built-in head up displays in the microscopical ocular route of surgery or micro-display.Can On-demand, i.e. suspend at intra-operative and play back or F.F., playing back this wavefront result and eyes video image.Eyes can be used Video image provides and intraocular lens (IOL) alignment is identified to artificial any specific alignment mark (multiple) or naturally marks Note (multiple), and real-time wavefront sensor measurements can be used optical alignment or vision alignment to be compared with physical alignment Relatively.Further, video/wave front data can be used to help clinician to determine perioperative critical events, the most right Whether the alignment of eyes, ocular pursuit, eyelid close or whether recommend flushing event or other tolerance various.

Scanning/sample optical wavefront in real time, and by its digitized.Analyze these numeral samples and obtain such as wavefront picture The tolerance of difference/distortion etc.These tolerance are used to carry out calculating optical ametropia error, typically with wave front chart and/or the most at the same level The Power Error unit of other wave front aberration presents.These tolerance show in real time and/or are stored in persistent storage and set In standby upper file, partly support DVR ability.These are measured and the video image of the eyes (target interested) recorded Synchronize.Mutual by having the user of DVR control (e.g., scan, play back, rewinding etc.), checked historic tolerance and historic Tolerance is used as the feedback of current/correction ocular operation in the future.

Fig. 9 C is screenshot capture, it is shown that the computer graphic that superposition obtains from Wavefront sensor in the frame of video of biological eye Shape.In Fig. 9 C, superposition circulates the ellipse 90302 brought from wavefront on the image of the biological eye exported from video frequency pick-up head Computer graphical.As entitled Optimizing Vision Correction Procedures(optimizes vision correcting surgery) U.S. Patent application 12/609, described in 219, the local dip before this Wavefront sensor measures the wavelet sampled is come clear Demonstrate the marked feature (multiple) of wave front aberration component (multiple), therefore can make vision correction professional or refractive surgical Doctor can in real time intense adjustment vision correcting surgery and minimize residue wave front aberration (multiple).

In terms of sampling and showing real-time wavefront measurements, can be on the monitor with 2D barycenter data around annulus sampling The form of dot pattern shows the local dip before sampled wavelet, and it can be fitted as circle or oval or straight line, the most directly Connect and represent two main refractive errors, i.e. sphere and cylindricalical error, and cylinder/astigmatism axle, or matching is to coma Cardioid or other high-order unsymmetric forms.As result, refractive surgeon is it can be readily appreciated that wavefront measurements phase Should ground intense adjustment vision correction.

Referring to Fig. 9 C, bar 90304 represents the confidence level instruction that eyes are aligned and wave front data " meets the requirements " Symbol.If the tolerance of the proper alignment that Wavefront sensor is carried out is not reaching to, then this green bar disappears.If wavefront sensing Device is beyond alignment, then it is inaccurate for measuring and wave front data " does not meets the requirements ".

Finger shows that 90306 is orientation " guiding ", tells which kind of mode of clinician to move patient/scope so that more preferable Alignment.

The bottom numbers of Fig. 9 C represents the quantization dioptric in prescription mode and positive cylinder.Clinician is optional changes dioptric Just the most relative with positive cylinder relative to Rx bear cylinder.Runic labelling on video represents that the patient of relative microscope/clinician takes To and can be rotated/changed.

In the terminal identifier each side of prescription of spectacles and/or ophthalmic refractive errors and/or such as normal eyes etc, display Can be customized further by clinician.Computer also can process wavefront sensor data and provide the additional letter about eye state Breath, such as tear film covers or is dried eye conditions and reminds surgeon to rinse eyes.Display may also provide can be by calculating Other information that machine extracts from wavefront and eyes video data, the 2D topological diagram of such as eyes wavefront.

Additionally, also can be configured/reconfigure display to be orientated display, photographic head or to be incited somebody to action by software by clinician Video processing is preferably orientated to them.Clinician is also optional presents the qualitative and/or mode of quantitative data.These can wrap Include the dioptric optical value as dioptric or prescription；Optional qualitative display illustrates that ellipse and/or circle represent sphere and/or post Face；The line intersected with ellipse can represent astigmatism axle or clinician may select and the refraction data being presented/showing opened up as 2D Flutter figure.

For carrying out surgeon's extension of ophthalmologic operation, the display shown in Fig. 9 C causes a lot of advantage.Some of them It is so that surgeon recognizes that eyes are directed at Wavefront sensor the most well (at the aimming circle being plotted on screen With the help of 90304, surgeon patient's eye can be placed as and painted circle concentric place), offer confidence indicator make Surgeon whether understand wavefront result " meeting the requirements ", surgery device (multiple) enters light path disturbing to make surgeon see The effect of desired wavefront result, surgeon is made to see on eyes the effect of bath, guide surgeon to rotate implantation Anchor ring intraocular lens (IOL) correct astigmatism, when qualitative and quantitatively complete correct time with sphere and the form of diopter cylindrical Directly show wavefront measurements, permission surgeon sees whether there is bubble or whether have the eyes crack or fractured brilliant The residue of body material is (this can affect wavefront measurements) etc. in eye pouch.

In addition to vision correcting surgery, this exemplary embodiment applies also for making glasses, the monitoring of air stream and wavefront Correct, also have in other adaptive optics equipment and system.Additionally, embodiments of the invention can be applied to other equipment, all Such as OCT, femto-second laser, LASIK；Or the information that is invisible to human eyes of Doppler/radar/resonance or generation but can be by this letter Other equipment that breath associates with the physical item/people of " measurement ".

It has been already mentioned that by around annulus surrounding sample wavefront and by the matter before the wavelet sampled in US7445335 The position of each data point of the local dip representated by the form of heart position shows 2D data point, this centroid position 2D data Dot pattern can indicate the most in real time, whether wavefront be plane, defocus many serious, defocus that assemble or dissipate, dissipate Light quantity be how many and astigmatism axle where.

In order to these points are described, we will repeat the content discussed in US7445335 tout court.It is assumed to be ripple Front sampling use order Wavefront sensor 928 and using have the four-quadrant detector 922 of four photosensitive areas A, B, C and D as Shown in Fig. 9, with the form of the centroid position of sub-wavefront image spots position sampled to indicate local dip.If wavelet Before relative to the sub-wavefront focusing lens 920 before four-quadrant detector 922 with normal incidence, then be positioned at four-quadrant detector Image spot on 922 will be located in center and four photosensitive areas will receive same amount of light, and each region produces has phase Signal with intensity.On the other hand, leave normal incidence (that is, pointing to the upper right corner) with angle of inclination before wavelet, be positioned at four-quadrant Image spot on detector will be formed on leaves center (moving as shown in image spot 936) to right upper quadrant.

Use following formula, barycenter can be left center (x=0, y=0) amount (x, y) approximation to single order:

$\begin{array}{c}x=\frac{(B+C)-(A+D)}{A+B+C+D}\\ y=\frac{(A+B)-(C+D)}{A+B+C+D}\end{array}---\left(1\right)$

Wherein A, B, C and D represent the signal intensity of each corresponding photosensitive area of four-quadrant detector, and use denominator (A+B+C+D) AVHRR NDVI is carried out so that the impact of intensity of light source fluctuation is eliminated.It should be noted that be matter in form of calculation The local dip aspect of heart position, formula (1) is not entirely accurate, but this is a good approximation.In practice, can deposit Use some mathematical methods and built-in algorithms, correct the Image Speckle site error that can be introduced by this formula further.

Before the wavelet that multiple (such as, 4,8 or 16) around the annulus of sequential sampling light beam are symmetrical and therefore by it Projection (such as, in a clockwise direction) to time on sub-wavefront focusing lens 920 and four-quadrant detector 922, by formula (1) (x, Y) amount leaving four-quadrant detector represented will draw figure on x-y, can show this figure and also on a monitor Digitally process this figure and represent the state and asymmetry defocused with astigmatism.

Figure 10 illustrates plane wave front, defocus and relevant on astigmatism, four-quadrant detector after sub-wavefront focusing lens The multiple representative situation of the Image Speckle position of connection, and the correspondence barycenter when being shown as 2D data point figure on a monitor The order of position moves.Note, substitute the wavefront of multiple movements sampled and project at identical sub-wavefront focusing lens Before being plotted as different wavelet on four-quadrant detector, we have employed the expression of equivalence, thus draws around identical annulus Before multiple wavelets and therefore, multiple four-quadrant detector can be drawn around identical annulus and represent the different piece of scanning wavefront To single sub-wavefront focusing lens and the situation of single four-quadrant detector.

As shown in arrow 1009, it is assumed that we begin around annulus scanning before the wavelet of top and move in a clockwise direction To second wavelet on right side, and by that analogy.From figure 10, it is seen that when wavefront is plane wave 1001, before all of wavelet (such as, 1002) will form Image Speckle 1003 in the center of four-quadrant detector 1004, and as result, monitor 1006 On centroid trajectory 1005 also can suppress to be positioned at the initial point of x-y.

When input wavefront as shown in 1011 be dissipate time, the center of the Image Speckle 1013 of 1012 before each wavelet Will be located in from equal with the center the leaving four-quadrant detector 1014 the most laterally amount of wavefront, and as result, prison Track 1015 on visual organ 1016 will be the circle clockwise started from tip position 1017 as shown in arrow 1018.If, another Aspect, when the wavefront of input is to assemble as shown in 1021, before each wavelet, the center of the Image Speckle 1023 of 1022 is by position In relative wavefront, the most inwardly there is the amount identical with the center leaving four-quadrant detector 1024.As result, prison Track 1025 on visual organ 1026 will be the circle started from bottom position 1027, and or clockwise as shown in arrow 1028. Therefore, when the sign change of x-axle centroid position and y-axle centroid position being detected, represent that the wavefront of input is from divergent beams It is changed to convergent beam or vice versa.Further, the starting point of centroid trajectory may be alternatively used for indicating before incoming wave be dissipate also It it is the standard assembled.

As can be seen from Figure 10, when the wavefront of input is astigmatism, can occur in vertical direction is as shown in 1031a Dissipate and assemble as shown in 1031b in the horizontal direction.As result, before vertical wavelet, the centroid position of 1033a is by position Before relative to the most outwards locating before incoming wave, and horizontal wavelet, the centroid position of 1033b will be located in relative to input The most inwardly locating of wavefront.Therefore, the centroid trajectory 1035 on monitor 1036 will start still from tip position 1037 Moving counterclockwise as shown in arrow 1038, therefore centroid trajectory rotates and is reversed.

Use similar argument, be not difficult to find out, if but the wavefront of input is astigmatism is all to send out before all wavelets Dissipate or all assemble, then the rotation of centroid trajectory will be clockwise (that is, non-return), but, during for astigmatism, The track of the barycenter on monitor will be oval rather than circular, because will compare along other before the wavelet of an astigmatism axle Those of axle more dissipate or assemble.

For the wavefront of the most general astigmatism, centroid trajectory will rotate or barycenter in inverse direction with oval or circle Track by with routine turn clockwise direction rotate but track will be oval.Ellipse can be located at any of relative center week Radial direction, this would indicate that astigmatism axle.In this case, 4 sub-wavefront around annulus can be not enough to accurately determine Astigmatism axle, and can sample (such as 8,16 or 32 substitute 4) before more wavelet around annulus.

As mentioned by Summary, a novel features of each embodiment is the mode of sampling wavefront and shows Show the mode of wavefront measurements.Although in US7445335, already mentioned above by sampling from the circle of wavefront of patient's eye Before multiple wavelets around ring, it may be determined that the sphere of eyes and cylindricalical error (or defocusing and astigmatism), but not about Actively offset explaining in detail of the effect defocused on 2D data point figure.If eyes have relatively large sphere dioptric by mistake Difference and relatively small astigmatism, this 2D barycenter data point figure will appear to seem round, and its ellipticalness is difficult to find out, and this makes It is difficult to detect astigmatism axle and amount of astigmatism.On the other hand, if defocusing of original wavefront has suitably skew, residue can be made Astigmatism more clearly represents oneself on this 2D data point figure, is clearly shown that astigmatic error axle and astigmatic error amount.

Figure 11 illustrates the meridian wavefront in the cross section with different defocus shift, and for normal eye or only have ball The respective change of the 2D data point figure of the situation of the eyes of face refractive error.In fig. 11, top a line wave front chart 1112 arrives The curvature of 1116 wavefront illustrating specific defocus shift and detector portion, on the portion by the figure before lens focus wavelet Image patch point.Middle row illustrates detector rings and is oriented as detecting the figure image patch of the focusing before the wavelet of the annular section of wavefront Point and the skew of the wavefront barycenter from detector centre (x=0, y=0).Bottom a line is shown in each detector of display On quadrant, each barycenter corresponds to the deviation of the initial point of (x=0, y=0) relatively.In the data point shown by display Alphabetic flag is corresponding to detecting the labelling of magical middle detector.

In fig. 11, vertically arranged single defocus shift wavefront diagram, detector diagram and display diagram.Example As, defocus shift 1112, detector and Image Speckle are illustrated in 1132 and show in 1122.

Visible, when adjusting (from left to right) defocus shift, the wavefront of gained is by from the wavefront 1112 of more spherical divergence Be changed to less spherical divergence wavefront 1113, be changed to plane wave front 1114, be changed to less sphere assemble wavefront 1115, And it is changed to the wavefront 1116 that more sphere is assembled.Therefore, the Image Speckle position on four-quadrant detector also can be as in Figure 11 Shown in change, from more radially outer 1132, be changed to less radially outer 1113, to being positioned at center 1134, changing To the most less radially inner 1135, be changed to more radially inner 1136.Therefore, 2D data point figure also will be from having data Point " a " first quartile relatively great circle 1122, be changed to still to have data point " a " in the relatively roundlet 1123 of first quartile, change To data point concentrate in centre 1124, be changed to have data point " a " third quadrant relatively roundlet 1125, be then changed to Still there is the data point " a " the relatively great circle 1126 at third quadrant.

One be associated with before the wavelet around sequential sampling annulus is characterised by, no matter gained wavefront is spherical divergence Or assembling, shown 2D sequence of data points will comply with specific direction of rotation (the sequence institute such as a, b, c and d in Figure 11 Show).But, if the divergence of spheric wave front or convergence exist change, the position of data point can be located at circular centroid trajectory Opposition side.Therefore, relative to the position in the center of circle, data point can be seen that wavefront dissipates or assembles.

As an aspect of an embodiment, the wavefront that can be substantially planar is made calibration wavefront measurement, is determined matter Heart track diameter, relation between circle diameter and/or width and defocus shift.Then, by scanning defocus shift, it is possible to Can be form be the annulus size of its diameter and width, the actual measurement of the wavefront from eyes can be made, and by measurement result It is relevant to calibration data.In doing so, the measuring the most accurately of sphere refractive error of eyes can be obtained.

Additionally, Figure 11 is actual illustrates the phenomenon that can be used for alignment.Note, when scanning defocus shift element, 2D number The center of strong point figure or centroid trajectory circle is actually moved.This can be owing to optical axis be at Wavefront sensor and defocus shift element Between misalignment and cause, maybe when adjust or scanning defocus shift element time by caused by the laterally or transverse movement of eyes. Accordingly, as an aspect of an embodiment, this phenomenon can be used to be directed at Wavefront sensor by defocus shift equipment.Make It is the another aspect of an embodiment, it be also possible to use and there is the real-time Wavefront sensor of actively defocus shift element to indicate eyes phase Alignment for device disclosed by the invention.

Additionally, it be also possible to use this device, use 2D data point figure to carry out guiding terminal user and be directed at patient's eye with this device Eyeball.Further, may be additionally used for eye tracks.Can suitably detect defocus shift, thus the phase with suitable size can be obtained The 2D data point figure hoped, and built-in algorithms can be used to extract the center of this 2D data point figure and to drive mechanical schemes To be moved relative to patient's eye by this device in a closed loop manner, so that eyes are always directed at device.It is another that alignment position is fed back One aspect is to realize real-time correction algorithm, and the coordinate of the movement recorded relative to house of correction comes more new data actively display The data being directed at suitably.

Although it should be noted that in Fig. 9,10 and 11, using x-y initial point as datum mark.This is only one Special circumstances.If it practice, four-quadrant detector does not has the optical axis with sub-wavefront focusing lens to axially align, before plane wavelet Image Speckle be not to be shared in the same manner by 4 quadrants.If in that case, total wavefront is plane, all adopt That be still plane and the most all barycenter data point position will be also identical by appearance wavefront.In other words, it is flat when total wavefront Face time, 2D barycenter data point collapses into same position, it is not necessary to be the initial point of x-y.So patient's eye or defocus partially Moving device relative to the practical methods that Wavefront sensor aligns be use datum plane wavefront to identify on x-y coordinate system this Then datum mark, if using built-in algorithms to indicate measured wavefront (from patient's eye or by such as defocus shift After some optical elements of equipment etc) whether it is directed at relative to this datum mark.

Figure 12 illustrates, when there are the eyes defocused with astigmatism for, have the vertical of different defocus shift and Image Speckle corresponding on four-quadrant detector and 2D data point figure before the wavefront of horizontal cross-section, the wavelet sampled Corresponding change.

Figure 12 is organized as with Figure 11, and the exception is, now illustrates the vertically and horizontally cross section of wavefront, because of For in the case of astigmatism, these cross sections will have and the different curvature above-mentioned referring to Fig. 4.As it has been described above, astigmatism axle is 0 to arrive Any Digit between 180 degree；This number of axle word table shows that where occurs the difference of corneal curvature or how to be orientated or to be directed at astigmatism. In Fig. 4 and Figure 12, this axle is vertical line or horizontal line helps clearly to describe.But, as it is known in the art, for institute The actual eyes measured, this axle can have other values.

As shown in Figure 12, when regulating defocus shift (from left to right), compare the wavefront of the horizontal cross-section of correspondence, vertically The wavefront 1212 in cross section the most more dissipates.Therefore, those wavelets used on the left side and right part of annulus are compared Before (d and b), for for (a and c) before those wavelets sampled in annulus top and bottom, at four-quadrant as shown in 1242 Image Speckle on detector will the most radially outward.As result, 2D barycenter data point figure 1232 will be oval, its major axis Essentially perpendicularly it is directed at.

Along with regulating defocus shift further, the wavefront 1213 of vertical cross-section becomes the horizontal cross-section of less dissipating and correspondence Wavefront 1223 be plane.Therefore, for for (a and c) before those wavelets sampled in annulus top and bottom, as Shown in 1243, the Image Speckle on four-quadrant detector will the most radially outward, and on the left side and right part of annulus Before those wavelets used, the Image Speckle of (d and b) will be located in the center substantially close to four-quadrant detector.As result, This 2D barycenter data point figure 1233 is by substantially similar vertical line.

Along with regulating defocus shift further, the wavefront 1214 of vertical cross-section will become less to dissipate, and its divergence is equal to Pass through plane wave front point and from divergence variations to the convergence of the wavefront 1224 of the horizontal cross-section assembled.Therefore, for For before those wavelets of annulus top and bottom sampling, Image Speckle on four-quadrant detector as shown in 1244 (a and C) will the most radially outward, and those Image Speckle (b and d) before the wavelet sampled in the left side of annulus and right part are existing Will be some radially-inwardly, and inwardly outside equal to the Image Speckle before those wavelets sampled at top and bottom of degree Degree.As described below, as result, this 2D barycenter data point map will be similar to that, as 1234, the circle having reverse rotation sequentially.

Along with further regulating defocus shift, the wavefront 1215 of vertical cross-section will become plane now, and horizontal cross-section Wavefront 1225 become more to assemble.Therefore, for for (a and c) before those wavelets sampled in annulus top and bottom, As shown in 1245, the Image Speckle on four-quadrant detector will fall close to center, and on the left side of annulus and right side Before those wavelets used in part (d and b), its Image Speckle will the most radially-inwardly.As result, this 2D barycenter data point Figure 1235 will be similar to that horizontal line.

Along with further regulating defocus shift, the wavefront 1216 of vertical cross-section will be by planar point and become slightly Poly-, and the wavefront 1226 of horizontal cross-section becomes more to assemble now.Therefore, for sampled at annulus top and bottom those Before wavelet for (a and c), as shown in 1246, the Image Speckle on four-quadrant detector will be slightly radially inside, and for Before those wavelets used on the left side of annulus and right part (d and b), its Image Speckle will the most radially-inwardly. As result, this 2D barycenter data point figure 1236 is by substantially similar horizontal ellipse.

As can be seen from Figure 12, when ovality is less, it is more difficult to accurately determine major axis and the short axle and ellipse of ellipse The amount of circle rate, both of which is relevant to astigmatism refractive error.It is similar to pure defocusing or the situation of sphere refractive error, 2D data point The sequence of figure, although similar ellipse, if before substantially about annulus sampling wavelet, then specific direction of rotation will be followed. But, if total divergence of gained wavefront or convergence exist change, the position of each data point can be located at relative to ellipse The opposition side at circle center.So, if the rotation of centroid trajectory is not reversed, data point can relative to the position of elliptical center Show that total wavefront dissipates or convergence.Meanwhile, form is major axis and the elliptical shape of short axis orientation, major axis and short axle The ratio of length and long axis length and minor axis length or ellipticity, all may be used to indicate that the degree of measured astigmatism.

But, when, when preferably compensation defocuses component to regulate defocus shift, gained wavefront will be changed to so that always dissipating Degree or convergence reduce, until along the specific direction of gained wavefront, local dip vanishing, i.e. the wavefront in the cross section being associated Become the plane as shown in 1223 and 1215.If there is not the aberration of higher order, then this 2D matter except defocusing in addition to astigmatism Two corresponding straight lines of calculation strong point figure (1233 and 1235) can be perpendicular to one another.Enter when defocusing component towards preferably compensation During one step joint defocus shift equipment, the major part of gained wavefront more dissipates and smaller portions are preferably assembled, or phase Instead.2D data point figure under such circumstances is not shown in fig. 12, but the discussion can made so far based on us And imagine.One of 2D data point figure is characterised by now, and the order of centroid trajectory rotates will be reverse, and this data point figure By the similar less ellipse with shorter major axis.Equally, form is the oval shape of reverse sequence of major axis and short axis orientation The ratio of shape, major axis and minor axis length and long axis length and minor axis length or ellipticity, all may be used to indicate that measured The degree of astigmatism.

When there is the spherical the best compensation defocusing component, gained wavefront is identical with the half of total wavefront (1214) Ground dissipates, and assembles in the same manner with second half of total wavefront (1224).Compare two bigger rotations of oval 1232 and 1236, existing Order at circular 2D data point centroid trajectory rotates and is reversed.

Although it is noted that this is in around " optimum focusing " region regulates or scan the 2D matter as defocus shift Difference between the figure of calculation strong point, and focus on the cross sectional shape of the light beam with astigmatism, it is true that exist non-between The best to response and similar degree.This behavior being similar to very much is the key feature of the present invention, and this makes for vision correction For professional, presenting of wavefront measurements can very easy be interpreted.Let it is assumed that near fovea centralis retinae The light beam of point source is to focus on from right to left, such as the base portion office of Figure 12 from eyes and the light beam with myopia also astigmatism Shown in.After leaving eyes, comparing horizontal direction, light beam earlier focuses on vertical direction.This makes beam cross-section shape class Like horizontal ellipse 1256.

Now, it should again remind, as approximation geometrical ray optics and the most accurately wave optics it Between there are differences, in this meaning, shown in Fig. 2 and 4 geometrical ray optics assume light beam can focus on infinitesimal size, Thus the curvature of spheric wave front will not change, this is not real, but in practice, wave optics proves when convergent beam gathers Jiao Shi, wavefront is by gradually from having the convergence (as ray optics is expected) of relatively-stationary radius of curvature, being transitioned into More assemble, to less convergence, to plane and the most less dissipate, more dissipate and eventually become there is relatively-stationary song The less of rate radius dissipates (as ray optics is expected).The most during transition, the radius of curvature of wavefront will be from just Relatively big but the most constant (as ray optics is expected) arriving more greatly of being changed to be smaller to more greatly and be changed to bear It is smaller to bigger, but there is relatively-stationary radius of curvature (as ray optics is expected).Note in fig. 12, I Present only the situation close to " optimum focusing " region in the theoretical no longer valid region of ray optics.

So, if we see the wavefront of vertical cross-section, when it becomes closer to its " optimum focusing " position, compare Still away from the wavefront of horizontal cross-section of its " optimum focusing " position, it will be assembled quickly.This wavefront situation corresponds to 1216 With 1226.The most often 2D data point figure 1246 or horizontal ellipse, so existing good to response.

When astigmatism light beam becomes more to focus on, it becomes horizontal line 1255.This means that, in vertical direction, light beam is optimal Ground focuses on.So the wavefront of vertical cross-section should be plane (1215), and the wavefront of horizontal cross-section is still (1225) of convergence. Note, 2D data point figure 1235 or horizontal line, so equally existing good to response.

When astigmatism focusing light beam is propagated further, the circle and the beam shape that become least confusion will be circles 1254.At this Individual position, the wavefront of vertical cross-section has already been through plan-position and becomes slightly to dissipate (1214), and the wavefront of horizontal cross-section It is still slightly convergence (1224), because it is not reaching to its " optimum focusing " position.Accordingly, there exist the circular 2D number that order is reverse Strong point figure 1234.

When astigmatism focusing light beam is advanced further, beam shape becomes vertical line 1253.Note, the wavefront of vertical cross-section Become now more to dissipate (1213), and light beam becomes ideally to focus in the horizontal direction, it means that the wavefront of horizontal cross-section It is plane (1223).Therefore, 2D barycenter data point figure is also vertical line 1233.

Being propagated further along with astigmatism focuses on light beam, beam shape becomes vertical ellipse (1252).In this position, vertically The wavefront in cross section becomes even more to dissipate (1212), and the wavefront of horizontal cross-section only becomes slightly to dissipate (1222).Often this 2D Data point figure is also vertical ellipse (1232).

Wavefront light beam sphere discussed above and about focusing assembled or dissipate and the discussion phase of plane wave front light beam Combination, it can be seen that the purpose making 2D data point figure stack (collapse together) is also that light beam is focused to list The good correspondence of individual point.So, this 2D obtained from wavefront measurement by carrying out around the annulus at the wavefront of light beam sampling Barycenter data point figure just can indicate emmetropia state intuitively in the way of vision correction professional is highly susceptible to understanding With sphere and the existence of cylindricalical error.It is therefore to be understood that, (have and focusing with 2D barycenter data point figure The character that beam shape is similar) form present the key feature that the unique way of wavefront measurement is the embodiment of the present invention.

As an aspect of an embodiment, the wavefront that can be substantially planar is made calibration wavefront measurement, is determined matter Relation between heart trajectory parameters, circle diameter and width and defocus shift.Then, by scanning defocus shift, it is also possible to Form is the annulus size of its diameter and width, can make the actual measurement of the wavefront from eyes, and measurement result is correlated with In calibration data.In doing so, the sphere refractive error of eyes and measuring the most accurately of cylindricalical error can be obtained.

Noting, the identical eyes discussed for sphere refractive error situation or optic alignment and eye tracks are general Read, it is possible to be applied to that there are sphere and the eyes of cylindricalical error.In that case, when scanning defocus shift equipment, Can using elliptical center (straight line and the most reverse circle of order are as the extreme case of ellipse) if compare with datum mark and center always It is positioned at and datum mark preset distance, it is believed that have been realized in good alignment or tracking.

If it should be noted that eyes have the non-higher order aberratons defocused with astigmatism or also have it defocusing outside astigmatism His higher order aberratons, then 2D data point figure will not oval (circle and straight line be two oval extreme cases).Implement as one One aspect of example, such imperfections ellipse data point figure or centroid trajectory can directly display or fit to ellipse, and number Drift between the ellipse of strong point and institute's matching will show to vision correction professional and there is higher order aberratons.With best fit Asymmetric drift or the amount of change between ellipse can be used for estimating the most invalid focusing with the invalid optimized amount of sphere Position.For vision correction professional, for comparing wave front chart or Zernike multinomial coefficient, show higher order aberratons This form will be the most acceptant and be understood that.It is to be noted, however, that ought show over the display non-right During title property, this might mean that multiple possible reason.Such as, this can be by eyes relative to the misalignment of apparatus as disclosed herein Caused.In this case, the actual sphere refractive error caused by barycenter pattern is likely to and asymmetric, and should not This makes to deviate fixing shaft alignement to force symmetry, because not so will report incorrect astigmatism.

The the most significant of two defocus shift about the 2D data point figure causing two rectilinear forms is characterised by, line Bar can be shown more clearly that the axle of astigmatism.Meanwhile, the length combination defocus amount of straight line can directly indicate degree or the dioptric of astigmatism Angle value.Although straight length depends on circle diameter or radius but also rely on sampled aperture size in specific degrees, but can It is determined in advance and calibrates these.As an aspect of an embodiment, defocus shift equipment can be scanned and find out the 2D of two straight lines Data point figure, can be by vision correction professional or refractive surgeon or this scanning being come by built-in algorithms, and can Stop defocus shift two one of values or position and show this straight line over the display.Defocusing scanning can make terminal use prior For determining the most accurately of astigmatism axle and amount of astigmatism.The scanning defocused, also can combine with the scanning of annulus, it is possible to serve Average noise also realizes preferably measuring the purpose of ocular aberrations.Such as, can use and cause the 2D data point figure of two straight lines Two defocus shift values provide the information relevant with the astigmatism of eyes.

The 2D data point figure of two straight lines actually illustrates that at least two combination that can use sphere and cylindrical lens is rectified Positive refractive error.First combination, is to use to cause the defocus shift value of first (vertically) straight line 1233 to select spherical lens For correcting sphere refractive error.Such spherical lens will make wavefront 1223 plane of horizontal cross-section.Simultaneously as vertically cut The wavefront 1213 in face the most slightly dissipates, can use positive cylindrical lens only in vertical direction (more generally, along the side of the first straight line To) focus on light so that the wavefront the most slightly dissipated becomes plane wave front.As result, whole 2D barycenter data point can be made It is positioned at center and the complete plane of total wavefront can be made.This will cause the perfect rectification for sphere and cylindricalical error.

Second combination is the defocus shift of second (level) straight line 1235 using the barycenter data point figure causing 2D Value selects spherical lens for correcting sphere refractive error.Such spherical lens is by flat for the wavefront 1215 making vertical cross-section Face.Simultaneously as the wavefront 1225 of horizontal cross-section the most slightly dissipates, negative cylindrical lens only in horizontal direction (more can be used As, along the direction of the second straight line) negative focusing light is so that the wavefront the most slightly dissipated becomes plane wave front.As knot Really, whole 2D barycenter data point can be made to be positioned at center and the complete plane of total wavefront can be made.This will cause bending for sphere and cylinder Another perfect rectification of optical path difference.

In addition to the two combines, there is also other combinations may.Such as, if defocusing (spherical lens) and correcting substantially corresponding In the situation (this is the somewhere between two straight lines) of circle of least confusion, then astigmatism correction will be required in two orthogonally oriented directions It is respectively provided with the cylindrical lens of positive and negative cylindricalical.More practically, possible selection is equal corresponding to defocus correction and astigmatism correction Relatively thin total lens combination of less dioptric optical value.In some cases, spherical correcting can correspond to circle of least confusion Situation.In order to realize this, defocus shift can be scanned and use built-in algorithms, being found by the length of coupling major axis and short axle The best fit of the round 2D data point figure reverse with order.Then this defocus shift can make expected spherical correcting, And 2D data point figure diameter of a circle can be used to determine still remaining astigmatism degree, thus select that there is positive and negative but have It is orientated the cylindrical lens of orthogonal focal power.

Noting, the dynamic deflection fed back based on real-time wavefront measurement defocuses and will carry for ocular aberrometer and vision correction For a lot of advantages.As an embodiment, when disclosed device is used for determining the refractive error of patient's eye, terminal use This device can be made to scan this defocus shift equipment and also to change the adapt of patient and obtain in different adapt In the case of for the measurement more accurately of refractive error.Change adapt finds out patient adaptability range of accommodation will make doctor The raw distally identifying this scope and identifying adapt, and hence in so that patient fixation is in desired distance.Then, can be based on logical Overscanning defocuses the sequence (such as one of two 2D data point figure straight lines) of the 2D data point barycenter figure of acquisition and makes the phase The sphere hoped and cylindricalical are corrected or the aberration correction prescription of higher order.

It is also possible to use and make use of scanning to defocus the built-in algorithms with adapt to automatically generate prescription.Such as, first Can scan defocus shift equipment tout court identify and assume deviant, this deviant falls making the wavefront to be measured from patient In the range of Wavefront sensor is measured.Hereafter, can be by fixing in scanning, the wavefront scope of Wavefront sensor monitoring simultaneously, come really Determine the adapt scope of eyes.In the range of adapt, when fixing in scanning, eyes can compensate, thus be surveyed The real-time wavefront obtained is readily able to be returned to equal state.But, when being fixed to two adapt limit in scanning for the moment, Eyes no longer can compensate interior fixed range, and eyes are now " obscuring ".Interior any scanning constant will present eyes not Can respond and wavefront measurement would indicate that eyes have reached one of two adapt limit in real time.In this way, can look for Two limit to eyes adapt.These processes can be automatically carried out by built-in algorithms.

After determining adapt scope, eyes can be made to be fixed on the distally of the adapt limit.Then scanning dissipates Burnt offset device identifies, such as, and one of two 2D barycenter data point figure straight lines.General, this can be automatic by built-in algorithms Complete.Owing to there is calibration in advance, the length of straight line and orientation range are provided that the prescription of cylindrical lens, and current defocusing partially Shifting value should be able to provide the prescription of spherical lens.Therefore the lens prescription obtained already has accounted for adapt scope and can make Patient be clearly apparent distant objects and simultaneously focusing on it can be clearly seen that he the permission of adapt scope the most only Object.

Test lenses can be used to test this prescription on patient.Equally, adapt and the 2D data of patient can be changed Showing in real time of dot pattern will be the best to terminal use surface vision correction.Additionally, use around different annular size Wavefront measurement prescription and carry out in whole adapt scope patient adaptability regulation control, it is likely that thus obtain The prescription (may have also contemplated that higher order aberratons) obtained will be obtainable more much more accurate than using simple automatic optometry device, and because of , there is such prescription for making to be no longer necessary to the probability that subjective confirmation is the best in this.

As another aspect of an embodiment, the digital processing unit with built-in algorithms is used to calculate and at display Oval centering, size or the length of upper display best fit and the differently-oriented directivity of the angle axle of major axis and short axle, therefore The sphere of the wavefront directly recorded to terminal use surface and cylindricalical error.Digital processing unit can also carry out shown 2D data point figure to oval best fit and further guiding user adjust defocus shift subtly thus can obtain for Determining the most accurately of astigmatism axle.

Figure 13 illustrates and finds major axis and short axle and obtained based on the wavefront measured by 2D barycenter data point pattern The exemplary process diagram of key step of spherical and cylindricalical error.As an option, processor may also display relative to The existence of the higher order aberratons of preassigned.Processor can generate ellipse and circle or the data point set of signal matching to show Close or the deviation of straight line, and this signal can be used to drive flank shift element or equipment.The information obtained can be easy to 2D Barycenter data point figure shows together in wavefront display window.Such as, in a corner of wavefront display window, form is ball The real-time refractive error of face-cylindricalical angle value and the astigmatism axle of number of degrees form, can with the oval major axis of best fit and Minor axis length, the ratio of two axles and higher order aberratons presence or absence are shown together.Additionally, at vision correcting surgery Period, can automatically digital real time information shown by " reducing " or " amplification " to alert vision correction professional, just correct With mistake or carrying out in being correctly oriented.When having reached specific rectification degree, shown information can be changed into prominent Form, form is such as font size, overstriking, style or color.

Process starts from process frame 1302 and proceeds to frame 1304, wherein calculates the initial data returned from position sensor The midpoint vector of some position vector.At process frame 1306, this midpoint vector change all of raw data points position vector. In processing block 1308, calculate the average length of vector of converted point to determine the mean radius of closed circular.Processing step 1310, converted some vector length is compared with mean radius and selects that there is the vector length more longer than selected radius Institute's a little vector.

Processing step 1313, use Curve-fitting algorithm determines the angle of orientation of the straight line of best fit institute reconnaissance vector Degree.This angle is one of astigmatism axle.Processing step 1314, all converted points rotated major axis by orientation angles and Short axle is placed as and x, and y coordinate system is orthogonal.

Process step 1316, by the point rotated vector is carried out Curve-fitting with ellipse formula, determine semi-major axis Size with semi-minor axis.Process step 1318 and 1320, use the size of semi-major axis and semi-minor axis to calculate diopter for single The sphere of position and cylindricalical error.As it has been described above, this information to be supplied to user's prescription as correcting spectacle lens.

Processing step 1322, calculating represents from oval error can analyze the height determining that rectification is measured further The existence of rank aberration.

Processing step 1324, the oval minor axis length of institute's matching or major axis can be used for determining with minor axis length ratio Whether the ellipse of institute's matching is close to round or data point or straight line, and exportable signal drives flank shift element to change this Skew.According to built-in algorithms or from the input of terminal use, process step and can be repeated until that acquisition is for such as straight line Expect matching.Finally, this process terminates in process step 1326.

The microcontroller of the firmware can being fixed in onboard memorizer by execution is to be automatically obtained this algorithm.Alternatively, journey Sequence code can be stored on main frame and be used for control each control module, maybe can use certain group of host computer control and firmware Close.

Shown 2D data point figure also can digitally " be amplified " or " reducing " carrys out " expansion " or " diminishing " display On 2D data point figure.For real-time vision correcting surgery, this feature is exceedingly useful.Scanning defocus shift can make terminal use Family is found two " straight lines " and therefore finds astigmatism axle.Carrying out when correcting in real time of astigmatism, when performing to correct, two The length of " straight line " or the length of ellipse will be shortened and in moment, need " amplification " intense adjustment to defocus existence Offset thus see down that this 2D data point figure, whether again similar to " straight line ", disappears until it and obtains " perfect " circle or data The complete cluster of point.

At aspect mutual with the user of device disclosed by the invention, device disclosed by the invention is designed by available several means For easily operated.First, personal patient information is input in system.This can directly input data by computer keyboard, or Person meets the service of electronic medical record via the communication set up and safety criterion, such as DICOM and HIPAA etc, via Electric network connects and passes through the interface communication set up of such as Health Language7 etc.Once personal patient information It is loaded in equipment, selects other parameters multiple.Any input from user can be performed by each example, including keyboard, touches Touch screen, sound, virtual reality glove and foot switch.The parameter initially input includes perform the operation eyes, ongoing operation (e.g., anchor ring, multifocal or accommodating intraocular lens [IOL] are implanted), with the cylinder of configuration that adds deduct, the open/close record of data, Audible feedback ON/OFF and head up displays ON/OFF.

In one or more exemplary embodiments, for ophthalmic refractive errors or such as Wavefront sensor etc of aberration Measure equipment terminal use be provided operation equipment the data obtained or multiple data to him/her a selected form, lattice Formula, transfer function, apply, express, export and/or the degree of freedom of algorithm.

One exemplary embodiment is a device, including sub-wavefront focusing lens, is configured to (this wavelet before a wavelet Before be the incident portion of the wavefront generated by light source) Image Speckle that is focused to be positioned on focal plane, sequentially wavefront scanning sets Standby, the different piece being configured to the wavefront by incidence sequentially projects on sub-wavefront focusing lens, variable aperture, is configured For controlling the size before this wavelet, position sensor device, at the focal plane of this sub-wavefront focusing lens, it is configured to This position sensor device represents the position of this Image Speckle, controlled flank shift element, is placed as entering when this wavefront This wavefront, user input device, holding is intercepted by measuring the one or more of equipment seizure before penetrating on this Wavefront sensor Data value and the non-transient computer readable storage devices of program and controller, coupled to this controlled flank shift unit Part, user input device and storage device, be configured to control this controlled flank shift element to offset the selected of this wavefront The wave front aberration component selected, thus allow more effectively to detect one or more residual aberration components of the part of this wavefront, Thus the program that performs one or more residue wave front aberration components are distributed to one or more to dependent variable, receive user Select algorithm process one or more variable thus estimation or change these one or more variablees to provide acquired results and Output acquired results.

Another exemplary embodiment is a device, including: Wavefront sensor, it is configured to catch the original aberration of eyes Data value；User input device, be configured to allow terminal use to select the one in multiple prior defined procedure, such as algorithm, filter Ripple device and analysis, the process operation original wavefront difference data value selected in it is estimated or changes this original wavefront aberration Data value also exports the data obtained in a variety of manners；Keep one or more original with what the equipment of measurement caught by Wavefront sensor Wavefront aberration data value and the non-transient computer readable storage devices of program code；Controller, coupled to storage device and User input device, is configured to perform program code and distributes one or more original wavefront aberration data values, receives user The process of selection, algorithm process one or more variable thus estimate or change these one or more variablees to provide gained to tie Fruit and output acquired results.

Another exemplary embodiment is a device, including: include sub-wavefront focusing lens, be configured to before a wavelet (being the incident portion of the wavefront generated by light source before this wavelet) is focused to the Image Speckle being positioned on focal plane；Sequentially wavefront Scanning device, is configured to sequentially project on sub-wavefront focusing lens the different piece of incident wavefront；Variable aperture, It is configured to the size before controlling this wavelet；Position sensor device, at the focal plane of this sub-wavefront focusing lens, quilt It is arranged in the position of this Image Speckle on this position sensor device；Controlled flank shift element, is placed as entering when this wavefront This wavefront is intercepted before penetrating on this Wavefront sensor；User input device；Holding is one or more by the seizure of the equipment of measurement Data value and the non-transient computer readable storage devices of program；And controller, it coupled to this controlled flank shift unit Part, user input device and storage device, be configured to control this controlled flank shift element to offset the selected of this wavefront The wave front aberration component selected, thus allow more effectively to detect one or more residual aberration components of the part of this wavefront, Thus the program that performs one or more residue wave front aberration components are distributed to one or more to dependent variable, receive user Select algorithm process one or more variable thus estimation or change these one or more variablees to provide acquired results and Output acquired results.

Another exemplary embodiment is a device, including: sub-wavefront focusing lens, it is configured to give birth to as by light source The wavelet prefocusing of the incident portion of the wavefront become is the Image Speckle being positioned on focal plane；Sequentially wavefront scanning device, is joined It is set to sequentially project on sub-wavefront focusing lens the different piece of incident wavefront；Variable aperture, is configured to control Size before this wavelet；Position sensor device, at the focal plane of this sub-wavefront focusing lens, is configured to this Jiao Represent the position of this Image Speckle in plane；User input device；Keep the one or more data caught by the equipment of measurement Value and the non-transient computer readable storage devices of program；And controller, it coupled to this user input device and storage device, It is configured to distribute to one or more data values one or more dependent variable is performed the process that user selects, processes These one or more variablees are estimated or change these one or more variablees to provide income value and to export gained in the specific format Value.

Will be appreciated that in above-mentioned and whole application that the feature of different embodiments can combination with one another and/or substituted for one another.

Figure 13 A is the block diagram of exemplary embodiment.Referring to Figure 13 A, measurement equipment 13110 coupled to equipment interface 13111, Including controller 13112, controller includes that processor 13114, memorizer 13116, equipment interface 13120 and Coupling Control Unit are each The internal bus 13122 of assembly.User input device 13124, such as keyboard or mouse, and outut device 13126, such as show Show device, coupled to this I/O interface 13120.

Measurement equipment 13110 coupled to equipment interface 13118(or alternatively, is connected to I/O interface 13120) and to control Device 13112 provides self-metering result as initial data.

Purpose is not limited to for the operation of data, equipment is limited to manufacturer, but allows personal user to enter by its preference The more freedom of row customization, this can change along with the different application of equipment potentially.Which solve the uniqueness of terminal use Need, control them and want the process (such as, special algorithm, wave filter and analysis) applied to data and according to their difference Need to show.Such as, can in real time, be stored for after use, in-house network or on the Internet transmit, apply these mistakes Journey.Selecting according to user, this can carry out simultaneously or carry out discretely.

This is can be to the existing and new method of products application in the future and process (multiple).Figure 13 B illustrates showing of step Example flow chart.In the exemplary embodiment, when performing the program being stored in memorizer, these steps can be realized by controller Suddenly.The initial data provided by measurement equipment also can be stored in memorizer.

Starting step 13202, the application of equipment/process will start or run.

In next step 13204, this can be procedure initialization or be waken up up by user, " machine " inquiry user he whether Want to revise be used for display represent or storage or transmission from the gained information of data that are collected or that obtain acquiescence or Algorithm (multiple) before.Specifically, acquiescence or algorithm (multiple) before can be ophthalmic refractive errors or aberration measurement (many Individual) the algorithm of Wavefront sensor.

If user selects "No", this process moves to step 13220, herein machine can use acquiescence or use before Algorithm (multiple) or allow user select from engagement arithmetic list.

Once making a choice, machine is run by order, selects to provide the data obtained, such as step 13222 according to user simultaneously Shown in, heel end step 13230.

On the other hand, if user selects "Yes", as shown in step 13206, machine starts user's input process.

In step 13208, machine allows user's input process or algorithm.

In next step 13210, machine is by initial data territory distribution specific function, multiple function or polyalgorithm.

In step 13212, before end step 13230, these functions (multiple) or algorithm provide a user with their expectation The estimation/amendment for data and mode in a variety of manners export.

As an option, these algorithms can be inputted in real time, such as, use keyboard, or import from another medium.

As another option, machine also can provide a user with one group of pre-defined algorithm or process, they can independently or with Data from machine are applied in combination.Such as, low pass filter algorithm/module and polar coordinate transfer function/module can be there is. User's selecting data is converted to polar coordinate and then carries out low-pass filtering.

Can preserve in above-mentioned input is any for use afterwards.Thereby, it is allowed to user creates customization/pre-prepd " storehouse " of function/application.

As another option, machine also can point out user to determine for above-mentioned desired output method or multiple method. Such as, user may select graphic software platform, audio frequency or numerical value or whole.Output data derivation can be worth another application or machine Device/equipment affects or does not affect its function, or the combination using as data/storing.

Machine can present pre-defined algorithm/application, so that user can be pointed out the algorithm/application of current application to be changed in real time New, without the active procedure (multiple) suspending or stopping machine.Additionally, user can be pointed out to customize present the data obtained The form of (original or treated).Machine can point out user to select graphic software platform, the type of display and the data pole of display Limit.Alternatively, user is optional to be used or inapplicable graphic assembly, selects shown, process or original data.

It is said that in general, the equipment provide from microcontroller or provided by microcontroller, providing over the communication connection, Or the data of display can be transfused to user creates and process that is that select or multiple process.User can have the ability to specific Data guide the specific input domain (independent variable) to their establishment (multiple).

Such as, the processor of equipment can be at LCD(liquid crystal display) on present data visually to terminal use.This number According to being rendered as representing the continuous data group of form of straight lines, y=mx+b(manufacturer is given tacit consent to).Terminal use may wish to data It is presented and fits to three rank multinomials, y=k3x3+k2x2+k1x+k0.The processor of equipment will provide user interface mechanisms/side Method, it is allowed to user input type y=k3x3+k2x2+k1x+k0, and guide/distribute data (independent variable) to their formula uniquely In.Then, user may select how he/her wants the result of use formula；It is rendered as in real time ' y ' (non-independent variable), it is illustrated as " matching " line, preservation are for checking, transfer to elsewhere or being above-mentioned all afterwards.

Such as, if initial data territory is to be bent by the sphere measured by the aphakia eyes given by automatic eye refractometer Optical path difference and the cylindricalical error recorded, then can be respectively labeled as the parameter of u and v by these initial data territories.If User requires income value, w, distributes to the focal power of intraocular lens (IOL), then user input device can be used to input algorithm " w =0.07(u+0.5v)2+1.27(u+0.5v)+1.22”。

Function in addition to multinomial, such as, such as, logarithm and exponential function are also provided to what user provided Algorithm.

Figure 13 C and 13D is the exemplary screen shots of said process.In Figure 13 C, define and initial data is distributed to Variable, and point out user to input algorithm.In Figure 13 D, it is shown that distribute to data value and the income value of variable.

The method of the present invention provide the user bigger flexibility ratio and fully uses processor and the ability of equipment Their end product of bigization uses.

This technique/method can be applied to any equipment, processor or comprise, provides and/or create the side of data Method.Embodiment can be automatic eye refractometer or Wavefront sensor, and wherein the data of equipment can be used for multiple output/purposes (such as Figure is tieed up in prescription, the 3 of equalization or 2)；Ophthalmic image taking head, wherein can process photograph number by the conventional algorithm of such as FFT etc According to；Pulse oximeter exports, and wherein can process the data of heart beating one by one for unique event.

Exemplary embodiment can manually, realize by word of mouth, scripting and/or provide application separate with primary process/ During.This process may alternatively appear in machine/apparatus use before, during, or after.User is thereby allowed to use machine/set The flexibility ratio of the standby desired result of front plan (multiple)；Result is regulated in real time during machine/apparatus uses；Or using After, use the modification of process to estimate collected data.The script of application can occur single fixing application or work independently For can order, the random multiple application occurred, or for machine/apparatus or the advantageous applications of process or use.

The enforcement of the equipment interface that by certain wave front sensor present assignee designed by combine be will now be described The detailed description of example.In this embodiment, such as, raw measurement data include sphere refractive error, cylindricalical error and The such as higher order aberratons of coma, trilobal aberration and spherical aberration etc.Presently describe this measurement equipment.

Dynamic wavefront system shown in Fig. 5 and the Electronic Control shown in Fig. 6 allow according to sampling configuration institute with detecting system Sampling wavefront, has offseted some low order aberrations simultaneously thus can clearly stand out the letter on some specific higher order wavefront aberrations Breath, vice versa.Such as, defocused and complementary astigmatism by dynamically payment, higher order aberratons (HOA) content can be highlighted and with clinic The understandable form of professional shows this higher order aberratons (HOA) content, higher order aberratons (HOA) content such as coma, this It is that surgeon is very familiar and have the most universal HOA that technology surgically overcomes.

In embodiments herein, microcontroller 601 performs the program being such as stored in memorizer 602 further, Realize referring to the step described in Figure 13 B.User is provided input by attached host computer and display module 592 and is received Output.Alternatively, user's input can directly be carried by the output passing through connected user input device and coupled to outut device It is supplied to microcontroller 601.

In another embodiment, microcontroller 601 will export initial data also to host computer and display module 592 Performed above referring to the process described in Figure 13 B by host computer and display module 592.

The various embodiments described above can be used in various applications.Such as, can be used in lens meter and measure and intense adjustment lens Diopter, lens include flexible focal length lenses group, contact lens and/or IOL.Finish although have shown that and describe herein Closing the various embodiments of teachings of this disclosure, those skilled in the art can be easy to get along and change still with a lot of other of these enlightenments The embodiment become.

Once inputting above-mentioned information, this system prepares to begin to use.Then surgeon completes cataract extraction, and IOL implants before starting, and starts to measure the wavefront of aphakia eyes.Via as mutual with equipment mechanism above-mentioned mode it One, before the dynamic wave determined, sensing system is opened.Then, after surgeon implants IOL, wavefront measurement continues.Surgery is cured Raw regulation IOL position in eyes, until the optimization that this measurement confirms IOL is placed.Once surgical operation completes, data quilt Preserve (if data record is opened), and system is closed.

As Application Example, device disclosed by the invention can be used in optimization conventional intraocular lens in cataract operation (IOL) implantation.Initially, when removing crystalline lens from eyes, by dynamically changing toroid size, disclosed by the invention Device can be used for determining the aphakia situation in whole cornea visual field.Along with implanting IOL, when adjusting defocus shift, 2D Data point position also can be increased or decreased so that terminal relative to the digital gain of x-y coordinate system initial point over the display User " amplifies " and " reducing " and therefore " expand " or " reduction " 2D data point figure.In the situation that pure sphere refractive error is corrected Under, by changing defocus shift, the diameter of round shape 2D data point figure can be controlled so that 2D data point figure by terminal use The datum mark (such as initial point) of x-y coordinate system relatively is prone to centering, and therefore obtains the IOL preferable accurate positioning in eyes Degree.According to the needs of refractive surgeon, by changing defocus shift and controlling numeral " zoom ", round size can be changed, and As result, according to some preassigneds, by mobile IOL until 2D data point figure is (all relative to the datum mark of coordinate system Such as initial point) centering, the positional accuracy of the IOL implanted can substantially improve." closing " or " folding " of the data point of scattering, special It not by digital auto-gain compensative with the help of " amplification " function, the fine location of IOL will be helped, and simultaneously, correspond to number The signal that drives of optimal " amplification " that strong point is closed will indicate whether to have reached the rectification of sphere refractive error exactly.Also may be used Built-in algorithms is used automatically to carry out finding this process of optimal center position.

As another Application Example, optimizing outside IOL location, device disclosed by the invention may be used to indicate that is planted Whether the multifocal IOL entered has desired focusing range.As known in the art, multifocal lens typically has multiple same Heart annular regions, each annulus has different focal power.It is said that in general, when region becomes more away from center and more to connect When being bordering on outer peripheral areas, the width of annulus becomes narrower.In US20080278683, it has been noted that by using self adaptation suitable Sequence Wavefront sensor does wavefront measurement, is regulated by sampled aperture size before controlling scanning mirror angle of inclination and wavelet and is adopted The circle diameter of sample and annular width, so that the different annular district with the multifocal IOL implanted matches before the wavelet sampled. Therefore device disclosed by the invention can be used to measure the wavefront respectively from each annular regions, and the real-time of measurement result shows Show/feed back with the combination of suitable defocus shift and combine with adapt change if necessary, may be notified that refractive surgical Doctor is for given zone, if achieve desired spheric reflection error correction.When the focusing light obtaining each independent zones is burnt When spending, may further determine that the gross focusing scope of implanted multifocal lens.Therefore surgeon will appreciate that, by the focusing model of patient Enclosing the angle increasing to specific degrees or scope, whether this surgical operation is successful.

As crucial Application Example, device disclosed by the invention can be used for optimizing the implantation of anchor ring IOL and taking To.During implantation anchor ring IOL during cataract refractive surgery, tilt to optimize to neutralizing except this anchor ring IOL, crucial Step is by this anchor ring IOL rotary shaft expectation axis of orientation thus can to obtain complete astigmatism correction.For anchor ring IOL implant surgery For, numeral variable mostly important of " amplification " feature.Figure 14 illustrates the schematic diagram of the anchor ring IOL with axle labelling.As one One aspect of embodiment, defocuses and can be shifted by, so that the 2D data point figure on display is converted to straight line and as result, Any residue astigmatism can be shown in more detail.In this stage, rotatable implanted toric lens is so that shown 2D Data point straight line becomes round.Can adjust further to defocus and make great efforts further to show 2D data point and be converted to straight line and " amplification " Feature can be utilized now, and can further rotate anchor ring IOL becomes round by straight line simultaneously.This process repeatable is until reaching Specific preassigned.Straight line or ellipse are converted to circle by rotating the anchor ring IOL implanted and also come by numeral " amplification " Intense adjustment defocuses, it is ensured that circle is " closing " at the datum mark or initial point of x-y, can more accurately determine surgery The desired locations of the anchor ring IOL implanted and angular orientation.

As another Application Example, device disclosed by the invention can be used for checking the adapt implanted or Whether the intraocular lens (AIOL) of adapt can provide desired adapt scope.As known in the art , AIOL is the lens that can change its focal power in eyes under the action of ciliary muscle.During AIOL implants, remove Outside centering AIOL, if ciliary muscle still can act, can make patient variable interior fixing with the help of at different distance Adapt.Otherwise, other ciliary muscle can be used to stimulate mechanism to carry out adapt change.By scanning defocus shift Also make real-time wavefront measurement, the refractive error of the whole adapt scope along the AIOL implanted can be obtained more Measure accurately.Instruction is carried out the implantation of AIOL by this, if reached the adaptability tune that desired ciliary muscle can be carried out The scope of joint.At surgical site infections, when patient's his/her adapt ability the most recovered, it is possible to carry out identical survey Amount.

As another Application Example, device disclosed by the invention may be additionally used for providing presbyopic treatment, and AIOL maximizes surgical outcome after implanting.It is known to those skilled in the art that for natural adaptation regulation with for AIOL, adapt to Property regulation internal physiological mechanism be identical.The change of device disclosed by the invention detection patient adaptability regulation obtains simultaneously The ability obtaining real-time wavefront measurements can use to patient via biofeedback mechanism, strengthens remaining ability and thereby postpones remote Depending on the generation of eye and once hypermetropia starts, treat hypermetropia.

At surgical site infections, by physiological feedback, the patient of the AIOL with implantation is also with real-time biological feedback Information strengthens the function of lens.In other words, this device can the complete optical situation of real time record eyes, collect and analytical data And result is fed back to patient be used for maximizing the performance of AIOL.Can be based on real-time wavefront information and adapt scope or big Feedback is derived in little measuring in real time.This feedback can also is that the information that initial data is relevant to the size of adapt derives Figure and/or by maximize adapt controlled other sensing input (include vision, audition, olfactory sensation, sense of touch and/ Or the sense of taste feedback) form.

As another Application Example, device disclosed by the invention can be used for moulding and places Corneal onlays or embedding Body.It is known to those skilled in the art that in can being embedded into cornea using bio-compatible material as onlay or inlay or on, and Can use excimers or femtosecond laser energy or by other accurately ablation techniques melt.Such melting can be carried out Accurate and reversible refractive surgery, can eliminate and expand and the complication of possible postoperative xerophthalmia.Therefore the present invention can be used open Device optimize the manufacture melted with inlay or onlay to obtain the visual performance of optimization.Can in being implanted to eyes or on Before or after perform " blank space " amendment.There is a lot of spendable material, including artificial with or without cross-link Collagen, is cross-linked to the operation base of patient's cornea potentially, or various hydrogel and high polymer.The specification of material can quilt It is defined as optimizing the function of real-time wavefront measurement and bio-compatibility, reversibility, follow-up improvement and optical property.Such as, The specification of material may be set so that the most expensive available technology (e.g., has can transmit the most safely any excellent Change the laser instrument of wavelength or electromagnetic radiation because not with the eye contact of patient, and than excimers or femto-second laser more just The most much) revised and/or manufactured.

Device disclosed by the invention provide real-time wavefront can be used for measure ocular aberrations, perform closed loop melt in real time or Create inlay or onlay (including front surface and rear surface) in vitro, and then wavefront is true in art real-time for accurate placement This product is implanted in the case of recognizing.In this way, the eyes of patient are never exposed to laser emission, and operation completely reversibility.Hold The implantation that row is new, inlay or onlay can remove completely.Alternatively, or in addition, can be the most any time at inlay or high embedding Improvement surgical operation is performed on body.As another option, first, inlay or onlay can be placed into appropriate position, and Then the closed loop using real-time wave front data to perform inlay or onlay in vivo melts in real time.Clinically, all these sides Method cause by device disclosed by the invention provide in real time and wavefront measurement can be carried out accurately reversible operation.By making With the precursor of device disclosed by the invention or being accurately positioned of onlay so that in the art of operation, operation is feasible.External hands The additional clinical advantage of art is that energy is not transferred to eyes, and this will reduce sending out of postoperative xerophthalmia or other post-operative complication Raw.

Figure 15 illustrates the schematic diagram of another embodiment, and the equipment that operates before wherein using dynamic wave offsets from eyes Some selected aberration components of wavefront.Light source module 1535, infrared imaging module 1583, interior fixing/visual sensitivity are thrown Shadow module 1542, real-time wavefront sensing module 1528, Electronic Control and detection module 1532 and display module 1592, with Fig. 5 Shown in 535,538,542,528,532 there is with 592 similar function.Light source module 1535, including light source 1534, school Quasi-lens 1537 and beam steering elements 1536, be used for guiding to the retina of patient's eye 1538 arrow beam of light.Should It is noted that what some in these modules not necessarily needed for the function of following apparatus.In fig .15, except Actively outside defocus shift element 1505, add wavefront operation module 1550, be illustrated as deformable mirror 1552 in fig .15. Reason for this is that of defocus shift element 1505 is also included in addition to deformable mirror 1552, it is however generally that, deformable mirror has Relatively small stroke, it means that its defocus shift is limited in scope.Therefore, the combination energy of deformable mirror and defocus shift element Bigger practical framework realizes wavefront operation, because between different eyes, in all Wavefront aberrations, defocuses and bend with sphere Optical path difference change is maximum.If it is to be noted, however, that wavefront operation module 1550 has sufficiently high dynamic model Enclose, then need not defocus shift element 1505.So, for the function of the embodiment shown in Figure 15, defocus shift element 1505 elements being not absolutely necessary to.

Noting, the embodiment shown in Figure 15 is the extension shown in Fig. 5.This concept is to feed back based on real-time wavefront measurement Offset some wave front aberration components thus allow more clearly to show remaining aberration component.The embodiment of Figure 15 and Difference between embodiment disclosed in US20080278683 is that being configured with wavefront operation module 1550 in light path carries For skew.Embodiment in the past refers only to the compensation of such element or invalid function.In the present example, except compensate or Invalid function, wavefront operation module 1550 additionally provides actively payment or part compensates the most specific of the wavefront from patient's eye Aberration component.Display in real time according to wavefront measurement and/or feedback, arranged or by built-in by refractive surgeon in actively skew Algorithm controls.One aspect of the present embodiment is, carries out in the range of wavefront measurement in the adapt scope of eyes Or in the case of not carrying out the adaptations of eyes, the skew of the particular aberration component in the range of scanning wavefront measurement, thus More preferably and more accurately measuring of ocular aberrations can be obtained.

Although it should be noted that deformable mirror is illustrated as wavefront operating element in fig .15, can use other wavefront to grasp Make element, operate equipment including wavefront based on light transmitting liquid crystal.Transparent wavefront operator or appliance are passed with real-time wavefront One specific advantages of sensor combination is to obtain actual compact ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS.

The camouflage of wavefront operating element can be along light path Anywhere, as long as it is for offseting some ripples selected Front aberration component.It practice, for compact design, can be by wavefront operating element together with other light optical elements (multiple) Design is in Wavefront sensor 1528.Such real-time adaptive order Wavefront sensor can be made with less form factor And therefore can be incorporated in a large amount of optical imagery or measurement system, in such as refractive surgical microscope.It is also to be noted that Although figure 15 illustrates order Wavefront sensor 1528, it be also possible to use other kinds of Wavefront sensor, as long as it can provide Wavefront measurement, such sensor includes Hartmann-Shack, Talbot-Moire, Tscherning, ray trace Sensor, phase difference sensor and interferometry Wavefront sensor.

The wavefront identification of absolute version and the intrinsic assembly that control is equipment disclosed by the invention, including local wavefront The light path of the separation of operator and Returning beam reciprocal action, as the mistake reducing at the light beam aberration transmitted and reformulating Single action in journey is to produce the measurement of the definition of the slope local change carried in Returning beam.This is actively grasped Make device and introduce local light beam steering or deformation, " mate " with the contrary sign of input beam, thereby eliminate light beam sensed with Original beam deflection during measurement.Then active beam operator captures the essence of light beam aberration, it is allowed to carry out each institute The active sensing of the variable aberrations of definition and isolation.Then this provide the most all or selected existing aberration introduce or The ability of invalid particular aberration.During this is actively carried out, before the dynamic wave determined, sensing system can be existing aberration pair The relative effect of the Active Performance of the system assessed carries out inquiry provides basis.Actively local wavefront operator has for picture Whole small echos of difference and local small echo carry out the ability independently operated.Operator can be one in front and one in back used to compensate light with linear sphere Learn element and strengthen and provide the measurement capability of change completely, actively assess the detailed composition of wavefront erratic behavior simultaneously.

Device disclosed by the invention shown in Figure 15 can provide real-time wavefront measurements and therefore can be used in art Ground optimizes these refractive surgeries of rectifiable higher order aberratons.Such as, in the future, design IOL customizablely and correct such as The higher order aberratons of coma etc, and in this case, when such IOL is implanted in eyes by needs, need implanting Period places IOL suitably.The device shown in Figure 15 can be used to compensate while compensating such as astigmatism defocus.As knot Really, use specific defocus shift, the higher order aberratons of such as coma etc can be shown more clearly by 2D data point.Then dioptric Surgeon can adjust the position of correction for higher order aberrations IOL subtly and guarantee to optimize the rectification of higher order aberratons.This can be Such situation, wherein can need the laser ablation by cornea tissue to carry out correct for higher order aberrations, simultaneously by implanting anchor ring IOL Correct low order aberration.This method is conducive to the cataract patient with low order and higher-order ocular aberrations.By using anchor ring IOL corrects low order aberration, and this is usually and performs during cataract operation, will be ablated to thus only correct for higher order aberrations Cornea tissue material will be far fewer than needed for by melting cornea and correcting all aberrations.

All refractive surgeries of rectifiable higher order aberratons include LASIK, SBK, LTK, IntraLasik, FlEXi Lasik, PRK, LASEK, RK, LRI, CRI, and AK, can be benefited from device disclosed by the invention.These are performed the operation, can root Sample wavefront according to any sampling configuration, thus the information on some specific wave front aberration components can be obtained.Whole wavefront can Capped, and higher order aberratons (HOA) content can be highlighted and with the understandable form of clinical professional to show this high-order picture Difference (HOA) content, higher order aberratons (HOA) content such as coma, this is that surgeon is very familiar and have technology to use surgery The most universal HOA that operation overcomes.It practice, measure to asymmetric aberration in the case of good centering or do not instruct mark There is the circle of deflection or the combination in any of the data point of ellipse or line, will imply that and there is the impact that other HOA cause.These are non- The existence of symmetric case will be to be exception normally and not, because HOA always occurs to specific degrees.Understand and by these with Sphere-cylinder situation separately will assist in the surgery limit of estimation practice.Remove these by permission for holding the most suitably Row surgical operation has and is better understood from.This is extremely important, and substantially that device disclosed by the invention is existing with every other Method distinguishes.

As an aspect of an embodiment, device disclosed by the invention can combine with any refractive surgical Optical Maser System Real-time wavefront measurement feedback is provided and in terms of optimizing refractive surgery, guides refractive surgeon.Such as, when specific high-order picture When difference is to be orientated specific, offsets some aberrations orientation dependence by prominent higher order aberratons, and use real-time wavefront measurement to feed back, Then any rotation between the most not detected the most in rotary moving or eyes and laser instrument that can detect eyes is non-aligned Close, and correct and confirm to be orientated (based on preoperative estimation).As another example, it is known that at cornea refractive surgery (such as LASIK) there may be the postoperative minimizing of the contrast sensitivity of the higher order aberratons being derived from introducing during.In order to minimize this not Sharp and negative result, device disclosed by the invention can be used for providing has the real-time wavefront survey that low order aberration part compensates Amount, therefore can make refractive surgeon be clear that during laser ablation process and whether there is higher order aberratons and minimize this A little higher order aberratons.

Device disclosed by the invention can be incorporated into or combine other Ophthalmologic apparatus, also strengthens its function.Except will so Device be attached in shell microscope optimize outside cataract refractive surgery, as the another aspect of an embodiment, also can be by Identical device provides real-time wavefront measurement and the slit lamp inspection of patient's eye with the combination of standard slit lamp.

Such as, in situations in the surgery room, at the end of cataract operation, after IOL implants, surgery microscope also captures the imagination The final wavefront measurement of eyes.If there is residual astigmatism, using real-time wavefront to feed back, surgeon can perform limbus of corneae and loosen Otomy (LRI) or cornea otomy (CRI) of loosening measures excision, neutralizes until achieving desired astigmatism.Then, trouble is worked as When person returns for further consultation afterwards, the slit lamp being combined with real-time Wavefront sensor disclosed herein is identical by remeasuring Eyes.Then, the data measured from medical treatment can be alignd from the postoperative measurement of operating room by this system with at the end of operation, And check decline in time.Based on this decline, surgeon can recommend " enhancing " to treat, may return to operating room or In consulting room at slit lamp.As used in situations in the surgery room, clinical increasing can be completed under the guiding of identical real-time Wavefront sensor By force.The mensuration strengthening operation in consulting room can be under continuous Real-time Feedback, it is provided that preferably result, and develops the angle of Wavefront leading The doctor of film edge loosens otomy (LRI) or cornea is loosened otomy (CRI) and Medium Culture lenslet layer laser (Flexi) is special Data base, for cylinder correction in the future.

Another exemplary embodiment includes real-time Wavefront sensor, real-time video photographic head and computer and connection Display to this computer.This allocation of computer is by can be for the wave front data recorded of eyes and the video shadow recorded As the data that carry out synchronizing process, record, show and play backs, and to provide the degree of freedom of the data obtained of operation equipment be use Form, form, transmission function that family selects, apply, express, export and/or algorithm.

Another exemplary embodiment includes real-time Wavefront sensor, real-time video photographic head and computer and connection Display to this computer.This computer is configured to the wave front data recorded for eyes and the video recorded The data that image carries out synchronizing process, record, show and play back.This computer is additionally coupled to controlled flank shift element 505 also Control this controlled flank shift element 505 and only offset the selected nonplanar wave wave front aberration of wavefront, thus allow more to have The residue nonplanar wave aberration component of this part of effect ground detection wavefront.

The various embodiments described above can be used in various applications.Such as, can be used in lens meter and measure and intense adjustment lens Diopter, lens include flexible focal length lenses group, contact lens and/or IOL.Finish although have shown that and describe herein Closing the various embodiments of teachings of this disclosure, those skilled in the art can be easy to get along and change still with a lot of other of these enlightenments The embodiment become.Further, in conjunction with device required for protection describe such as feature, embodiment and dependent claims it The realization of class also apply be applicable to method required for protection, and vice versa.

Claims (44)

1. for providing a device for feedback during vision correcting surgery, including:

Wavefront sensor (90102) in real time, for measuring the wavefront properties from live eye during vision correcting surgery；

Real-time video photographic head (90104), for during described vision correcting surgery and when described real-time Wavefront sensor exists When measuring described wavefront properties, catch and/or record the video image of described live eye；

Computer (90106), coupled to described real-time Wavefront sensor (90102) and real-time video photographic head (90104), described Computer is configured to receive and record from the continuous data stream of described real-time Wavefront sensor with from described real-time video The continuous data stream of photographic head, described computer includes digital video recorder, can be to the wavefront number recorded of described eyes Process according to the data carrying out synchronizing with the video image recorded, record, show and play back, wherein said computer further by Being configured that and described wave front data is converted to computer graphical, described computer graphical is Tong Bu with the video image of eyes and mixed Incompatible formation synthesizes display and shows resultant image over the display, institute during described resultant image and described vision correcting surgery The real-time activity performed synchronizes, and wherein said wave front data is the real-time video image synchronous with eyes and catches the most frame by frame 's；With

Display (90108), is connected to described computer, shows treated wavefront measurement knot for the most simultaneously Fruit and the video image of eyes.

2. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

Analyze sampled wave front data to obtain and include that the tolerance of wave front aberration/distortion comes calculating optical refractive error, storage Described tolerance is the most Tong Bu with the video image of the eyes recorded by described tolerance, and wherein said optics refractive error is with qualitative And/or the unit of the Power Error of the wave front aberration of quantitative wave front chart and/or varying number level presents.

3. device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

Allow the mode that user selects qualitative and/or quantitative data to be presented.

4. device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

User is allowed to select to show that oval and/or circle represents sphere and/or cylinder.

5. device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

The data obtained is operated according to selected form, form, transfer function, application, expression formula, output and/or algorithm.

6. device as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

Preserve the data obtained to use for later.

7. device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

Help the real-time input of the algorithm from input equipment.

8. device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

Algorithm after data collection, selected by application.

9. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described Wavefront sensor also includes:

Controlled flank shift element (505), is placed as the wavefront when returning from described eyes and is incident on described Wavefront sensor (90102) wavefront returned from described eyes described in intercepting before on；

And described computer (90106) is configured to:

Control the selected nonplanar wave wave front aberration that described controlled flank shift element (505) only offsets described wavefront to divide Amount, thus allow more effectively to detect the residue nonplanar wave aberration component of described wavefront.

10. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

Determine and show as sphere and the figure of the Typical Representative of cylindricalical error.

11. devices as claimed in claim 10, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

Calculate and show on the display the major axis of ellipse and the center of short axle, size and the length thereof of best fit One of them, and the differently-oriented directivity of angle axle, the directly sphere of the wavefront measured by instruction and cylindricalical error.

12. device as claimed in claim 10, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

By real-time refractive error that form is sphere-cylindricalical angle value with show together with the astigmatism axle in units of the number of degrees.

13. devices as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that also include:

Standard slit lamp biological microscope, it is provided that wavefront measurement and the slit lamp inspection of patient's eye in real time.

14. devices as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

Guide surgeon to carry out vision correcting surgery described in the real time measure thus optimize vision correcting surgery result.

15. devices as claimed in claim 14, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

When completing Cataract surgery vision correcting surgery after IOL implants, catch/record the final wavefront measurement of eyes, from And help to perform limbus of corneae and loosen otomy (LRI) or cornea is loosened otomy (CRI) or arch keratotomy (AK), and such as There is residual astigmatism and then help to use real-time wavefront feedback to measure excision in fruit, neutralizes until realizing desired astigmatism.

16. device as claimed in claim 14, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

The limbus of corneae of exploitation Wavefront leading loosens otomy (LRI) or cornea is loosened otomy (CRI) or arch keratotomy (AK) and doctor's private database of Medium Culture lenslet layer laser (Flexi), for cylinder correction in the future.

17. devices as claimed in claim 14, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

How display in real time should continue vision correcting surgery thus help to remove remaining aberration；

Confirm result；And

The value of compensated aberration is sensed record on file.

18. devices as claimed in claim 14, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

Continue wavefront measurement upon implantation of the iol to help to adjust the IOL position in described eyes, until feedback determines IOL's Optimum position.

19. devices as claimed in claim 14, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

Corrective procedure described in warning vision correction professional is carried out during mistake is still correctly oriented.

20. devices as claimed in claim 14, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

Zoom in or out shown information in real time to alert the mistake of corrective procedure described in vision correction professional also Be be correctly oriented in carry out.

21. devices as claimed in claim 14, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

When having reached specific rectification degree, prominent shown information.

22. devices as claimed in claim 21, it is characterised in that the information being highlighted includes: font size, runic or face Color.

23. device as claimed in claim 14, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

Digitally zoom in or out display and expand or reduce described display.

24. devices as claimed in claim 14, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

Analyze dioptric result in art, confirm the dioptric terminal target of patient.

25. devices as claimed in claim 24, it is characterised in that described dioptric terminal target includes normal eyes.

26. device as claimed in claim 14, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

Select rule not bring consistent effect for preoperative IOL thus carry out the trouble of post-operative cornea refractive surgery Person, confirms that the focal power that IOL selects is the most correct.

27. devices as claimed in claim 14, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

Any one neutralization peripheral angle degree is orientated in multifocal IOL, scalable IOL and anchor ring IOL is guided to place.

28. device as claimed in claim 14, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

Output pattern and/or audio-frequency information, thus indicate which direction to move IOL and carry out proper alignment or which direction rotates Toric lens thus correct astigmatism.

29. devices as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that also include:

The beam steering elements being arranged in the image path of surgery microscope, can regard display image projection surgical On nethike embrane.

30. devices as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that also include being directly installed on surgery microscope (710) is little LCD monitor, for showing the video image of treated wavefront measurements and eyes.

31. devices as claimed in claim 30, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

Superposition wavefront measurement data on the video image of eyes.

32. devices as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that also include:

The translucent micro-display at thing conjugate planes being combined in the image path of surgery microscope；

And described computer (90106) is configured to:

The output of sensing system before the dynamic wave that display determines, so that eyes need not left microscope ocular by surgeon In the case of provided information is provided.

33. devices as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described display be surgery intra-operative checked big Screen, and described computer (90106) is configured to:

Same giant-screen shows real-time wavefront measurements as the image of superposition or on different display windows adjacent Ground or show individually.

34. devices as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

Non-vision feedback is provided to guide surgeon to complete described vision correcting surgery.

35. devices as claimed in claim 34, it is characterised in that described non-vision feedback includes: audio signal.

36. devices as claimed in claim 34, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

The real-time dioptric optical value of display optical aberration or figure；With

Generate real-time audio signal and carry out the change of index error type, error size and error.

37. devices as claimed in claim 36, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

During vision correcting surgery, change the pitch of real-time audio signal, tone and loudness and indicate applied rectification Improve or deterioration.

38. devices as claimed in claim 36, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

Generating the real-time audio signal of specific pitch thus be cylinder by error marker, described cylinder has index error size Tone.

39. devices as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

In addition to optimizing the location of the multifocal IOL implanted, whether the multifocal IOL that instruction is implanted has desired focusing model Enclose.

40. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

Make calibration wavefront measurement.

41. devices as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

Measure whether the adapt intraocular lens (AIOL) implanted can provide desired adapt scope.

42. devices as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

The scope of the defocus shift that can be applied in is determined based on described real-time wavefront measurement feedback.

43. devices as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

By dynamically changing the annulus sample size of described Wavefront sensor, through whole cornea viewing area, confirm tested The aphakia situation of person.

44. devices as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described computer (90106) is configured to:

Dynamically change the annulus sample size of described Wavefront sensor.