CN103487921A - Optical system of large-visual-field high-resolution three-linear-array stereo aerial surveying camera - Google Patents
Optical system of large-visual-field high-resolution three-linear-array stereo aerial surveying camera Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an optical system of a large-visual-field high-resolution three-linear-array stereo aerial surveying camera. The optical system comprises a first negative lens, a first correcting lens, a second positive lens, a second negative lens, a cemented doublet lens, a third positive lens, a diaphragm, a fourth positive lens, a cemented triple lens, a third negative lens, a fifth positive lens and a sixth positive lens. The bending direction of the first correcting lens deviates from the diaphragm, the first correcting lens is crescent-shaped, the cemented face of the cemented doublet lens deviates from the diaphragm, and the cemented triple lens is of a negative lens-positive lens-negative lens structure. The optical system of the large-visual-field high-resolution three-linear-array stereo aerial surveying camera has the advantages of being large in visual field, high in resolution, ultra-low in distortion, telecentric in accurate image space and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to airborne remote sensing and technical field of mapping, relate to a kind of optical system that is applied to the new load of aviation earth observation optics.
Background technology
The three-dimensional aviation measuring cameras of three linear arrays are mounted on aircraft platform, by aircraft, push away and sweep, utilize three linear array detectors on focal plane obtain same atural object forward sight, under look, the backsight image, finally utilize image processing techniques to obtain atural object three-dimensional digit image.
The three-dimensional aerial survey digital camera of three linear arrays enjoys the concern of each side always as a focus of foreign study, it is single-lens interior splicing form and the outer splicing form of three-lens that its technical implementation way also has two kinds of modes.The representative of single-lens interior splicing has the STARIMAGER tri-linear array scan image systems of the ADS40/80 camera of Leica company, the development of Japanese STARLABO company and the JAS-150 linear array push of German Jena-Optronik company development to sweep camera, and the representative of the outer splicing of three-lens is Wehrli & 3-DAS-1 and the 3-OC of Associates and Geosystem company.
The airborne Aviation Digital sensor of ADS40, adopt the linear array push-scanning image, is global First space digital sensor, represented the recent development of current technology for information acquisition, in 2000, by Switzerland Leica company, released, and within 2008, released up-to-date product A DS80.ADS40 be imaging surface settle forward sight, under look and three CCD linear arrays of backsight, form three air strips and realize photogrammetric when photography.It is a kind of multi-functional, digitized airborne remote sensing sensor that can simultaneously obtain stereopsis and colored multispectral image.
The three-dimensional aviation measuring camera of STARIMAGER tri-linear arrays is that the units such as STARLABO company associating Tokyo University in 2002 are a kind of high-precision three linear array digital scanning picture systems that become figure for large scale of developing on dustoff.Place altogether four line array CCDs on the focal plane of its camera, wherein three line array CCDs be placed on respectively forward sight, in look and backsight, comprise R, G in every linear array in addition, B obtains coloured image, and three-dimensional and multispectral image can be provided.
JAS-150 tri-linear array aviation measuring cameras as German Jena-Optronik Group corporation in 2006, release towards follow-on digital aviation scanning camera, adopt the Linear CCD Detector of 9 12000 pixels on target surface, wherein 4 can be obtained R, G, B and near infrared multispectral data, other 5 blind spot occurs for fear of digital elevation model, respectively under look with four different angles and place to obtain panchromatic image.
3-DAS-1 tri-linear array aviation measuring cameras are Wehrli & The digital aviation measuring camera of the outer splicing of a employing three-lens that Associates and Geosystem company releases in 2004, it adopts three mutually strict fixing optical systems to obtain the terrain object image.3-OC tri-linear array aviation measuring cameras are digital aviation measuring cameras of the outer splicing of modified that 3-DAS-1 is carried out.
The choice of technology of China CCD aerial camera the important kind of area array CCD camera as research of technique.Photoelectric Technology Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences, " the large face battle array colored CCD digital aviation measuring camera system development " project under National 863 is supported, its panchromatic CCD adopts the large area array CCD of 9K * 9K, and multispectral employing 2K * 2KCCD obtains respectively R, G, B image.
Remote sensing application research institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences develops a set of wide visual field in 2003, the large area array CCD digital camera system MADC that the multiple modules such as multispectral and three-dimensional imaging are integrated, and the MADC system is comprised of the large area array CCD digital camera of 3 4K * 4K.
The SWDC aviation digital camera that the China first woods academician of mapping Liu of academy of sciences presides over development be take the multi-lens imaging technology as basis, it adopts the integrated a plurality of high-end civil digital cameras of outer field stitching technology, and (the unit pixel count is 3,900 ten thousand, Pixel size is 6.8 μ m), during photography, expose simultaneously, image is corrected afterwards, be spliced into the large format high resolving power virtual image of unified projection centre, thereby the high resolving power of realization, on a large scale ground covers.
Three-dimensional aviation measuring camera for linear array detector also belongs to blank at home at present, and the three-dimensional aviation measuring camera system of three linear arrays needs a kind of large visual field, high resolving power, high-precision optical system, its request for utilization is very high, and technical difficulty is very large, and domestic this type of optical system that there is no occurs.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of three-dimensional aviation measuring camera optical system of large visual field high resolution three linear arrays that is applied to the three-dimensional aerial survey of three linear arrays field, it has large visual field, high resolving power, ultra-low distortion, the characteristics such as the accurate image space heart far away.
Basic technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The three-dimensional aviation measuring camera optical system of large visual field high-resolution three linear arrays, comprise the first negative lens, the first correcting lens, the second positive lens, the second negative lens, cemented doublet, the 3rd positive lens, diaphragm, the 4th positive lens, three balsaming lenss, the 3rd negative lens, the 5th positive lens and the 6th positive lens that set gradually along same optical axis; Described the first correcting lens bending direction deviates from diaphragm, is curved month type, and described cemented doublet cemented surface deviates from diaphragm, and described three balsaming lenss adopt the structural shape of negative lens-positive lens-negative lens.
Based on above-mentioned basic scheme, the present invention also further does following optimization and limits and improve:
The parameter of each above-mentioned lens is as follows successively:
The first negative lens: 1.6<n
1<1.8 ,-2f '<f
1the 1.5f ' of '<-, f
1'<R
1<1.5f
1', R
2<2.5f
1';
The first correcting lens: 1.65<n
2<1.8,10f '<f
2'<25f ', 0.05f
2'<R
3<0.1f
2', R
4<0.1f
2';
The second positive lens: 1.8<n
3<2.0, f '<f
3'<1.5f ', 0.5f
3'<R
5<f
3', R
6<4f
3';
The second negative lens: 1.4<n
4<1.6 ,-f '<f
4the 1.5f ' of '<-, 0.5f
4'<R
7<f
4', R
8<0.5f
4';
Two lens that form cemented doublet are respectively:
1.5<n
51<1.7,0.1f’<f
51’<0.5f’，15f
51’<R
9<20f
51’，R
10<f
51’；
1.5<n
52<1.7,-0.1f’<f
52’<-0.5f’，0.5f
52’<R
10<f
52’，R
11<4f
52’；
The 3rd positive lens: 1.6<n
6<1.8,0.5f '<f
6'<f ', f
6'<R
12<1.5f
6', R
13<2f
6';
The 4th positive lens: 1.6<n
7<1.7,3f '<f
7'<4f ', 0.1f
7'<R
14<0.4f
7', R
15<0.4f
7';
Three lens that form three balsaming lenss are respectively:
1.5<n
81<1.7,-0.5f’<f
81’<-f’，f
81’<R
16<2f
81’，R
17<f
81’；
1.4<n
82<1.6,0.2f’<f
82’<0.5f’，f
82’<R
17<1.5f
82’，R
18<f
82’；
1.65<n
83<1.8,-0.5f’<f
83’<-f’，0.1f
83’<R
19<0.5f
83’，R
20<f
83’；
The 3rd negative lens: 1.75<n
9<1.9 ,-0.5f '<f
9'<f ', 0.5f
9'<R
21<f
9', R
22<2.5f
9';
The 5th positive lens: 1.8<n
10<2.0, f '<f
10'<2f ', 4f
10'<R
23<6f
10', R
24<f
10';
The 6th positive lens: 1.8<n
11<2.0,2f '<f
11'<3f ', 5f
11'<R
25<10f
11', R
26<1.5f
11'.
The first above-mentioned negative lens is dense flint glass ZF4, the first correcting lens is lanthanum crown glass LAK53, the second positive lens is ZLAF75A, and the second negative lens is FK2, and two lens that form cemented doublet are respectively LAK2 and TF3, the 3rd positive lens is LAF3, the 4th positive lens is ZBAF5, and three lens that form three balsaming lenss are respectively TF3, FK2 and LAK3, and the 3rd negative lens is ZF52A, the 5th positive lens is ZLAF75A, and the 6th positive lens is ZF88.
In above each parameter, f
1', f
2', f
3', f
4', f
6', f
7', f
9', f,
10', f
11' be respectively the first negative lens, the first correcting lens, the second positive lens, the second negative lens, the 3rd positive lens, the 4th positive lens, the 3rd negative lens, the 5th positive lens, the focal length of the 6th positive lens.F
51' be the focal length of positive lens in cemented doublet, f
52' be the focal length of negative lens in cemented doublet.F
81' be the focal length of left side negative lens in three balsaming lenss, f
82the focal length of positive lens in ' three balsaming lens, f
83the focal length of right side negative lens in ' three balsaming lens; R is lens surface curvature radius (the same, indicate in turn each faces of each lens according to footmark); N is refractive index.
The present invention adopts light-weight design, achromatism technology and good camera lens optimisation technique, the contradiction that has reduced system bulk, weight, balance between heart degree far away and minimum distortion, realized the design of the three-dimensional aviation measuring camera optical systems of large visual field high-resolution three linear arrays.
Specifically have the following advantages:
1) adopt single camera lens, make the three-dimensional aviation measuring camera of whole three linear arrays simple in structure, compact.
2) realize large visual field and high resolution capacity simultaneously.The optical lens visual field reaches 77 °, when guaranteeing 60 °, large working field of view angle and large base-height ratio, has higher ground pixel resolution, and this raising to three-dimensional aerial survey and aerial survey efficiency has extremely important meaning.
3) adopt accurate telecentric beam path in image space structure.The maximum emergence angle of optical system chief ray is 12.1 °, when having large visual field, has improved greatly image illumination uniformity, the minimum relative exposure 0.91 of image planes.
4) balance the contradiction of optical system heart degree far away with low distortion.When guaranteeing that image planes have good illuminance uniformity, the optical system maximum distortion is less than 0.053%.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional aviation measuring camera imaging of three linear arrays schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is optical system configuration composition of the present invention.
The aberration curve figure that Fig. 3 is optical system of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is optical system MTF curve of the present invention (0 °～22 ° of angle of half field-of view).
Fig. 5 is optical system MTF curve of the present invention (22 °～38.5 ° of angle of half field-of view).
Embodiment
The three-dimensional aviation measuring cameras of large visual field high resolution three linear arrays are to push away and sweep by aircraft, by terrain object image in the forward sight that is positioned on image planes, under look, on the backsight Linear CCD Detector.The present embodiment optical system main performance index is:
1. service band is 0.45 μ m～0.75 μ m
2. system focal length 156mm
3. the optical system field angle is 77 °
4. 60 °, working field of view angle (after the line of engagement array detector, single solid angle fabric width direction)
5. relative aperture is 1/5
6. detector spatial frequency 77lp/mm
7. distortion≤0.053%
8. image space heart degree far away≤12.1 °
9. optical transfer function MTF 0 visual field > 0.62 (77lp/mm)
0.7 visual field > 0.42 (77lp/mm)
1 visual field > 0.35 (77lp/mm)
10. base-height ratio 0.86,27.7 ° of imaging solid angles, 0 °, 18.6 °
11. optical system overall length 474.88mm
The gordian technique of taking in implementation procedure of the present invention:
1, optical system Lightweight Technology
During for aberration correction, reduce as far as possible system bulk and weight, optical system choose reasonable version, and adopted two quadric surfaces.A quadric surface is away from diaphragm, and for proofreading and correct the aberration relevant to visual field, one is positioned near diaphragm, for proofreading and correct the aberration relevant with bore.Adopt aspheric surface, not only reduce quantity, system length and the weight of lens, make system architecture simple, compact, and met the requirement to optics load weight and size of aircraft window and airborne stable platform.
2, wide spectrum long-focus system achromatism technology
The three-dimensional aviation measuring camera optical system of large visual field high resolution three linear arrays is the optical system for high resolution of a wide spectrum, long-focus, second order spectrum becomes to be constrained to the key factor that image quality improves, therefore, the correction of second order spectrum is the major issue that must solve in design, is also one of large difficult point of optical design.The ordinary optical combination of materials can't be eliminated second order spectrum, therefore adopt optical material TF3 and the FK2 with anomalous dispersion characteristic in design, wherein cemented doublet 5 materials are TF3 and LAK2 combination, during this bi-material correcting chromatic aberration, in the work spectral coverage, partial dispersion difference is less separately for it, but Abbe number differs larger, can produce very little second order spectrum.Three balsaming lens 9 optical materials are comprised of TF3, LAK2 and LAK3, utilize and assemble aberration and poor the offseting of system other lenses complexion that cemented surface produces.
3, good camera lens optimisation technique
General aeroplane photography camera lens, although field angle is also very large, distort also very little, and optical system is substantially all symmetrical structure, and namely optical system emergence angle and incident angle are suitable.The relation be directly proportional to the biquadratic of field angle cosine according to visual field, image planes edge illumination, when the angle of view is larger, its image planes edge illumination is very low, and image illumination uniformity is very poor, has a strong impact on application.Although can adopt the way that adds gradual filter before camera lens that edge illumination and center illumination are improved, whole optical system loss luminous energy is excessive, and system signal noise ratio descends very large.For three linear array aviation measuring cameras, the loss of a large amount of luminous energies will greatly reduce system signal noise ratio, and this is unallowed.
Usually, to have minimum distortion be conflicting with heart degree far away to optical system.Generally speaking, large visual field low distortion aerial survey optical system is all to adopt the symmetrical beam line structure, and to obtain extremely low distortion, but this structure image illumination uniformity is very poor.Just must reduce optical system chief ray emergence angle in order to improve image illumination uniformity, but reduce emergence angle, can make again whole optical lens structure lose symmetry, cause distortion not accomplish very little.
The three-dimensional aviation measuring camera optical systems of large visual field high resolution proposed by the invention three linear arrays, appropriate balance the contradiction of the extremely low distortion of optical system with two inherences of heart degree far away.In design process, by choose reasonable optical material and light channel structure, careful optimal design repeatedly, on the basis that guarantees the extremely low distortion of optical system, make system lose a little symmetry, optical system had both had minimum distortion like this, made again the optical system emergence angle be reduced, guarantee image illumination uniformity, also be conducive to the color rendition of three line-scan digital cameras.
The three-dimensional aviation measuring camera optical system distortion≤0.053% of three linear arrays that the present invention proposes, its maximum emergence angle is 12.1 °, the biquadratic relation that is shooting angle cosine according to visual field, optical system edge relative exposure, the minimum relative exposure 0.91 of whole image planes.
As shown in Figure 2, in the whole optical system of the present embodiment, the lens unit of diaphragm 7 both sides is unsymmetric structure, and diaphragm 7 slightly departs from rear lens group front focal plane position.In this optical system structure, include two quadric surfaces, it lays respectively at the R of the second positive lens 3
5the R of face and the 3rd positive lens 6
12face.
The parameter of each lens is specific as follows:
First negative lens 1:1.6<n
1<1.8 ,-2f '<f
1the 1.5f ' of '<-, f
1'<R
1<1.5f
1', R
2<2.5f
1';
First correcting lens 2:1.65<n
2<1.8,10f '<f
2'<25f ', 0.05f
2'<R
3<0.1f
2', R
4<0.1f
2';
Second positive lens 3:1.8<n
3<2.0, f '<f
3'<1.5f ', 0.5f
3'<R
5<f
3', R
6<4f
3';
Second negative lens 4:1.4<n
4<1.6 ,-f '<f
4the 1.5f ' of '<-, 0.5f
4'<R
7<f
4', R
8<0.5f
4';
Two lens that form cemented doublet 5 are respectively:
1.5<n
51<1.7,0.1f’<f
51’<0.5f’，15f
51’<R
9<20f
51’，R
10<f
51’；
1.5<n
52<1.7,-0.1f’<f
52’<-0.5f’，0.5f
52’<R
10<f
52’，R
11<4f
52’；
The 3rd positive lens 6:1.6<n
6<1.8,0.5f '<f
6'<f ', f
6'<R
12<1.5f
6', R
13<2f
6';
The 4th positive lens 8:1.6<n
7<1.7,3f '<f
7'<4f ', 0.1f
7'<R
14<0.4f
7', R
15<0.4f
7';
Three lens that form three balsaming lenss 9 are respectively:
1.5<n
81<1.7,-0.5f’<f
81’<-f’，f
81’<R
16<2f
81’，R
17<f
81’；
1.4<n
82<1.6,0.2f’<f
82’<0.5f’，f
82’<R
17<1.5f
82’，R
18<f
82’；
1.65<n
83<1.8,-0.5f’<f
83’<-f’，0.1f
83’<R
19<0.5f
83’，R
20<f
83’；
The 3rd negative lens 10:1.75<n
9<1.9 ,-0.5f '<f
9'<f ', 0.5f
9'<R
21<f
9', R
22<2.5f
9';
The 5th positive lens 11:1.8<n
10<2.0, f '<f
10'<2f ', 4f
10'<R
23<6f
10', R
24<f
10';
The 6th positive lens 12:1.8<n
11<2.0,2f '<f
11'<3f ', 5f
11'<R
25<10f
11', R
26<1.5f
11'.
The center distance of adjacent lens is followed successively by 64.98mm, 0.4mm, and 6.65mm, 56.29mm, 3.83mm, 0.8mm, 5.02mm, 90.04mm, 0.4mm and 7.98mm, rear cut-off distance is 25.05mm, optical system image planes 13 diameters reach 248.2mm.
Table 1 has provided contrasting of the present invention and the Typical Foreign three-dimensional aviation measuring camera optical system indexs of three linear arrays.
Table 1
* for comparing, in table, the three-dimensional aviation measuring camera of different three linear arrays all calculates ground pixel resolution GSD by unified 6000m flying height.
* the working field of view angle is different from the angle of view, and its numerical value depends on camera base-height ratio and the angle of view, is less than the angle of view.
The three-dimensional aviation measuring camera optical system of large visual field high-resolution three linear arrays of the present invention's design has the characteristics of large visual field high resolution simultaneously, can be three linear-array stereo cameras large base-height ratio is provided, thereby improve three-dimensional mapping precision.
The present invention is particularly suitable for the three-dimensional aerial survey of large visual field high resolution three linear arrays field, to filling up the blank of China in the three-dimensional aerial survey of three linear arrays and remote sensing field, and makes it to reach advanced world standards, and important realistic meaning is arranged.
Claims (3)
1. three-dimensional aviation measuring camera optical systems of large visual field high-resolution three linear arrays, it is characterized in that: described optical system comprises the first negative lens (1), the first correcting lens (2), the second positive lens (3), the second negative lens (4), cemented doublet (5), the 3rd positive lens (6), diaphragm (7), the 4th positive lens (8), three balsaming lenss (9), the 3rd negative lens (10), the 5th positive lens (11) and the 6th positive lens (12) set gradually along same optical axis; Described the first correcting lens (2) bending direction deviates from diaphragm (7), is curved month type, and described cemented doublet (5) cemented surface deviates from diaphragm (7), and described three balsaming lenss (9) adopt the structural shape of negative lens-positive lens-negative lens.
2. three-dimensional aviation measuring camera optical systems of large visual field according to claim 1 high-resolution three linear arrays, it is characterized in that: the parameter of described each lens is as follows successively:
The first negative lens: 1.6<n
1<1.8 ,-2f '<f
1the 1.5f ' of '<-, f
1'<R
1<1.5f
1', R
2<2.5f
1';
The first correcting lens: 1.65<n
2<1.8,10f '<f
2'<25f ', 0.05f
2'<R
3<0.1f
2', R
4<0.1f
2';
The second positive lens: 1.8<n
3<2.0, f '<f
3'<1.5f ', 0.5f
3'<R
5<f
3', R
6<4f
3';
The second negative lens: 1.4<n
4<1.6 ,-f '<f
4the 1.5f ' of '<-, 0.5f
4'<R
7<f
4', R
8<0.5f
4';
Two lens that form cemented doublet are respectively:
1.5<n
51<1.7,0.1f’<f
51’<0.5f’，15f
51’<R
9<20f
51’，R
10<f
51’；
1.5<n
52<1.7,-0.1f’<f
52’<-0.5f’，0.5f
52’<R
10<f
52’，R
11<4f
52’；
The 3rd positive lens: 1.6<n
6<1.8,0.5f '<f
6'<f ', f
6'<R
12<1.5f
6', R
13<2f
6';
The 4th positive lens: 1.6<n
7<1.7,3f '<f
7'<4f ', 0.1f
7'<R
14<0.4f
7', R
15<0.4f
7';
Three lens that form three balsaming lenss are respectively:
1.5<n
81<1.7,-0.5f’<f
81’<-f’，f
81’<R
16<2f
81’，R
17<f
81’；
1.4<n
82<1.6,0.2f’<f
82’<0.5f’，f
82’<R
17<1.5f
82’，R
18<f
82’；
1.65<n
83<1.8,-0.5f’<f
83’<-f’，0.1f
83’<R
19<0.5f
83’，R
20<f
83’；
The 3rd negative lens: 1.75<n
9<1.9 ,-0.5f '<f
9'<f ', 0.5f
9'<R
21<f
9', R
22<2.5f
9';
The 5th positive lens: 1.8<n
10<2.0, f '<f
10'<2f ', 4f
10'<R
23<6f
10', R
24<f
10';
The 6th positive lens: 1.8<n
11<2.0,2f '<f
11'<3f ', 5f
11'<R
25<10f
11', R
26<1.5f
11'.
3. three-dimensional aviation measuring camera optical systems of large visual field according to claim 2 high-resolution three linear arrays, it is characterized in that: the first negative lens is dense flint glass ZF4, the first correcting lens is lanthanum crown glass LAK53, the second positive lens is ZLAF75A, the second negative lens is FK2, two lens that form cemented doublet are respectively LAK2 and TF3, the 3rd positive lens is LAF3, the 4th positive lens is ZBAF5, three lens that form three balsaming lenss are respectively TF3, FK2 and LAK3, the 3rd negative lens is ZF52A, the 5th positive lens is ZLAF75A, the 6th positive lens is ZF88.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104749752A (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2015-07-01 | 张家港中贺自动化科技有限公司 | Wide-view-field and high-resolution projection objective lens |
| CN104749745A (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2015-07-01 | 张家港中贺自动化科技有限公司 | Large-visual-field high-resolution optical system |
| CN107843343A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-03-27 | 长光卫星技术有限公司 | Polarization multi-spectrum aerial surveying camera based on monolithic face battle array cmos detector |
| CN111174765A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-05-19 | 北京航天飞行控制中心 | Planet vehicle target detection control method and device based on visual guidance |
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| CN104749752B (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2017-10-13 | 张家港中贺自动化科技有限公司 | A kind of wide visual field high-resolution projection objective |
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