CN103149666A - Broadband spectrum large aperture star sensor optical system - Google Patents
Broadband spectrum large aperture star sensor optical system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103149666A CN103149666A CN2012103589339A CN201210358933A CN103149666A CN 103149666 A CN103149666 A CN 103149666A CN 2012103589339 A CN2012103589339 A CN 2012103589339A CN 201210358933 A CN201210358933 A CN 201210358933A CN 103149666 A CN103149666 A CN 103149666A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a star sensor optical system with a fixed star as a reference system for navigation and location, in particular to a broadband spectrum large aperture star sensor optical system. The optical system is in a telephotograph type and comprises six lenses. The axes of the lenses are sequentially arranged on the same straight line. An aperture slot is formed in a first positive lens 1. Chromatic aberration revision is achieved through the fact that positive and negative lenses with large chromatic dispersion aberration are selected to glued and combined in an appropriate curvature mode. Meanwhile, special optical materials are adopted. A CaF2 crystal with low refractive index and low chromatic dispersion materials is selected to achieve secondary spectrum revision and apochromatism. The broadband spectrum large aperture star sensor optical system has good image quality, is capable of laying a solid foundation for the fact that a star sensor can achieve detection of fixed stars like high limiting stars, high fixed star acquisition probability and a signal-to-noise ratio, has the advantages of being small in size and light in weight, and meets the requirements for light weight of effective loads of an aircraft.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the optical design field, relate to a kind of fixed star that utilizes and carry out the optical system of star sensor of navigator fix as reference system, relate in particular to a kind of wide spectrum large aperture optical system of star sensor.
Background technology
Star sensor is a kind of take fixed star as reference system, high-precision spatial attitude measurement mechanism take starry sky as target, the most accurate and minimum attitude measurement parts of drift up to now, be often satellite, intercontinental strategic missile, the aerospace flight vehicles such as spaceship provide dimensional orientation and benchmark accurately, and the ability that all have independent navigation the same as inertia gyroscope has very important using value.
In the last few years; development along with space technology; space tasks is more emphasized scale, miniaturization and cheapness; following star sensor will be towards the future development of microminiaturization; this has higher requirement on system bulk, weight, power consumption and cost to star sensor undoubtedly, and the performance of star sensor depends on the performance of imaging system culminant star photodetection to a great extent.Optical system as the star sensor important component part is the key that determines total system imaging performance quality, and the difficult point of its design just is to guarantee the specific (special) requirements of fixed star picture element.At present, domestic optical system of star sensor shortcoming is that the general relative aperture of optical system that adopts is less, and spectral range is narrow, causes the grades such as probe satellite low, a little less than detectivity, is unfavorable for the raising of system's attitude measurement.In addition, to the lightweight of optics useful load, the target call of miniaturization is not inconsistent present star sensor at volume, weight, power consumption and cost and aircraft platform, and the responsive camera structure of existing star is complicated, huge.
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of the have wide spectrum of good picture element, wide-aperture optical system of star sensor, can be star sensor realizes the detection of high limit magnitude fixed star, sufficiently high fixed star acquisition probability and visits signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and lay a solid foundation, satisfy simultaneously that volume is little, lightweight advantage, satisfy aircraft to the light-weighted demand of useful load.
Summary of the invention
For above problem, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of wide spectrum large aperture optical system of star sensor of small volume and less weight simple in structure.
A kind of wide spectrum large aperture optical system of star sensor contains 6 lens, it is characterized in that: system adopts the type system of dolly-out,ing dolly-back; The material of six lens is CaF2 respectively, TF5, CaF2, CaF2, LaK2, ZF6; The lens axle center arranges in a straight line successively, is respectively the first positive lens 1, the first negative lens 2, the second positive lens 3, the three positive lens 4, the second negative lens 5, the four positive lenss 6; The first positive lens 1 and the first negative lens 2 are positive and negative lens glue component; Diaphragm is located on the first positive lens 1.
In the present invention, the material of above-mentioned the first positive lens 1 is crystal CaF2, the material of above-mentioned the first negative lens 2 is special flint glass TF5, the material of above-mentioned the second positive lens 3 is crystal CaF2, the material of above-mentioned the 3rd positive lens 4 is crystal CaF2, the material of above-mentioned the second negative lens 5 is lanthanum flint glass LaF2, and the material of above-mentioned the 4th positive lens 6 is dense flint glass ZF6.
The present invention adopts and takes the photograph system far away, realizes tube length less than focal length, has the little lightweight advantage of volume.The relative aperture of system of the present invention is 1: 2, realizes increasing relative aperture, improves logical luminous energy.
Due to the specific (special) requirements of optical system of star sensor for image quality, and spectral range is wider, so the primary problem that solves is the apochromatism difficult point.Because positive lens produces negative aberration, negative lens produces positive aberration, so the present invention with suitable curvature gummed and combination, realizes correcting chromatic aberration by positive negative lens.Proofread and correct second order spectrum, realize apochromatism for realizing in the present invention simultaneously, adopt the special optical material, select the fluorite (CaF2, crystal) of low-refraction, low chromatic dispersion material.In addition, utilize lanthanum crown glass to have less dispersion than equal serial crown glass, and dense flint glass has the characteristics of larger dispersion with respect to flint glass, the larger difference that is dispersion is very favourable to correcting chromatic aberration, so the present invention takes lanthanum crown glass (LaK) and dense flint glass (ZF) coupling to come correcting chromatic aberration.
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of the have wide spectrum of good picture element, wide-aperture optical system of star sensor, can be star sensor realizes the detection of high limit magnitude fixed star, sufficiently high fixed star acquisition probability and visits signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and lay a solid foundation, satisfy simultaneously that volume is little, lightweight advantage, satisfy aircraft to the light-weighted demand of useful load.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the transport function figure of the embodiment of the present invention,
Fig. 3 is the disc of confusion energy profile of the embodiment of the present invention,
Fig. 4 is the chromatic curve figure of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Describe in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:
A kind of wide spectrum large aperture optical system of star sensor contains 6 lens, it is characterized in that system adopts the type system of dolly-out,ing dolly-back; The material of six lens is CaF2 respectively, TF5, CaF2, CaF2, LaK2, ZF6; The lens axle center arranges in a straight line successively, is respectively the first positive lens 1, the first negative lens 2, the second positive lens 3, the three positive lens 4, the second negative lens 5, the four positive lenss 6; The first positive lens 1 and the first negative lens 2 are positive and negative lens glue component; Diaphragm is located on the first positive lens 1.
In the present invention, the material of above-mentioned the first positive lens 1 is crystal CaF2, the material of above-mentioned the first negative lens 2 is special flint glass TF5, the material of above-mentioned the second positive lens 3 is crystal CaF2, the material of above-mentioned the 3rd positive lens 4 is crystal CaF2, the material of above-mentioned the second negative lens 5 is lanthanum flint glass LaK2, and the material of above-mentioned the 4th positive lens 6 is dense flint glass ZF6.
The present invention adopts and takes the photograph system far away, realizes tube length less than focal length, and the little lightweight advantage of volume is just arranged.The relative aperture of system of the present invention is 1: 2, realizes increasing relative aperture, improves logical luminous energy.
Due to the specific (special) requirements of optical system of star sensor for image quality, the correction for aberrations at different levels in the structural design of optical system is very important.Because spectral range is wider, so the primary problem that solves is the apochromatism difficult point.Because positive lens produces negative aberration, negative lens produces positive aberration, so the present invention with suitable curvature gummed and combination, realizes correcting chromatic aberration by positive negative lens.For realizing the apochromatism of system, select low-refraction, low chromatic dispersion material---fluorite (CaF2, crystal) is made the positive lens in the balsaming lens group, makees negative lens with the flint glass of high index of refraction, high-dispersion glass.Before consisting of with CaF2 and TF5, the gummed group of group, consider the distribution of focal power, can place the positive lens of a same model after simple lens again, and material still can be selected CaF2.Negative lens group intends adopting the mode of positive and negative separation.Can take in addition crown glass and flint glass to be used in conjunction with, available CaF2 or lanthanum crown glass (LaK) and dense flint glass (ZF6) coupling.Here be mainly to utilize lanthanum crown glass to have less dispersion than equal serial crown glass, and dense flint glass has larger dispersion with respect to flint glass, the larger difference of dispersion is very favourable to correcting chromatic aberration.
For the extra high optical instrument of quality requirements or long-focus, wide spectrum and some high-resolution imaging optical systems, the correction of second order spectrum is the major issue that must solve in design.It can make the contrast of imaging reduce, and the look crossover phenomenon occurs, not only causes resolution to descend, and also can reduce color saturation and colour brightness.This can not satisfy the image quality requirement of optical element in star sensor, therefore must consider the Correction Problems of second order spectrum.For proofreading and correct second order spectrum, realizing that apochromatic most effectual way is to adopt the special optical material, selects the fluorite (CaF2, crystal) of low-refraction, low chromatic dispersion material.The present invention is the apochromatism that realizes system, selects low-refraction, low chromatic dispersion material---fluorite (CaF2, crystal) is made the positive lens in the balsaming lens group, makees negative lens with the flint glass of high index of refraction, high-dispersion glass.Before consisting of with CaF2 and TF5, the gummed group of group, consider the distribution of focal power, can place the positive lens of a same model after simple lens again, and material still can be selected CaF2.Negative lens group intends adopting the mode of positive and negative separation.
Usually require the energy of disc of confusion more than 85% to drop in the magnitude range of 2 * 2 or 3 * 3 pixels.After considering out of focus, the faint star signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) can obviously descend, and for the precision that guarantees star image energy uniformity and interpolation centering meets the demands, project request blur circle diameter 30 μ m are therefore select 3 * 3 pixels to meet the demands.
Obviously, in figure, wide spectrum large aperture optical system of star sensor is made of 6 optical lenses, and two lens glues wherein synthesize a slice balsaming lens.System adopts the system of dolly-out,ing dolly-back.For correcting chromatic aberration adopts positive and negative lens gummed, positive lens in the balsaming lens group is made negative lens with the flint glass of high index of refraction, high-dispersion glass, the gummed group of group before consisting of with CaF2 and TF5, in order to proofread and correct second order spectrum, select the CaF2 crystal of low-refraction, low chromatic dispersion material simultaneously.Utilize above reasonable disposition combination, wide spectrum, wide-aperture optical system of star sensor aberration correction difficult point have been solved, can be star sensor realizes the detection of high limit magnitude fixed star, sufficiently high fixed star acquisition probability and visits signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and lay a solid foundation, satisfy simultaneously that volume is little, lightweight advantage, satisfy aircraft to the light-weighted demand of useful load.Its overall length 108.4mm, rear cut-off distance 28.4mm, clear aperture are 62.
Camera lens in figure, its focal length 128mm, 3.6 ° of optics visual fields, 30 lines to the time, M TF 〉=0.8, wave band 500nm～1000nm, F several 2.
Can find out by Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the wide spectrum large aperture optical system of star sensor of embodiment 60 lines under, the high resolving power requirement is satisfied in MTF＞0.8; Encircled energy is fine, and 80% energy all concentrates in 10um basically, and aberration is 3.5um.
Claims (5)
1. wide spectrum large aperture optical system of star sensor, it is characterized in that: contain 6 lens, the material of six lens is CaF2 respectively, TF5, CaF2, CaF2, LaK2, ZF6; The lens axle center arranges in a straight line successively, is respectively the first positive lens 1, the first negative lens 2, the second positive lens 3, the three positive lens 4, the second negative lens 5, the four positive lenss 6; The first positive lens 1 and the first negative lens 2 are positive and negative lens glue component; Diaphragm is located on the first positive lens 1.
2. require described wide spectrum large aperture optical system of star sensor according to right 1, it is characterized in that: system adopts the type system of dolly-out,ing dolly-back.
3. require described wide spectrum large aperture optical system of star sensor according to right 1, it is characterized in that: with suitable curvature gummed and combination, realize correcting chromatic aberration by positive negative lens.Take lanthanum crown glass (LaK) and dense flint glass (ZF) coupling to come correcting chromatic aberration, adopt material C aF2 to proofread and correct second order spectrum.
4. require described wide spectrum large aperture optical system of star sensor according to right 1, it is characterized in that: the relative aperture of system of the present invention is 1: 2.
5. wide spectrum according to claim 2 large aperture optical system of star sensor, it is characterized in that: focal length 128mm, the optics visual field is 3.6 °, 30 lines to the time, MTF 〉=0.8, wave band 500nm～1000nm, the F number reaches 2, basically 80% energy all concentrates in 10um, and aberration is 3.5um.
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| CN2012103589339A CN103149666A (en) | 2012-09-12 | 2012-09-12 | Broadband spectrum large aperture star sensor optical system |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103399392A (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2013-11-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Large-viewing-field and high-precision star sensor optical system |
| CN103984084A (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2014-08-13 | 中山联合光电科技有限公司 | High pixel optical system with small size and distortion |
| CN104833355A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-08-12 | 北京控制工程研究所 | Optical system for star sensor |
| CN109254383A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-22 | 佛山科学技术学院 | A kind of optical system of star sensor that wide spectrum is small-sized |
| CN117741926A (en) * | 2024-02-19 | 2024-03-22 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Inertial measurement unit strapdown star sensor and application thereof |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103399392A (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2013-11-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Large-viewing-field and high-precision star sensor optical system |
| CN103399392B (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2015-06-17 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Large-viewing-field and high-precision star sensor optical system |
| CN103984084A (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2014-08-13 | 中山联合光电科技有限公司 | High pixel optical system with small size and distortion |
| CN104833355A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-08-12 | 北京控制工程研究所 | Optical system for star sensor |
| CN104833355B (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2017-07-28 | 北京控制工程研究所 | A kind of star sensor optical system |
| CN109254383A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-22 | 佛山科学技术学院 | A kind of optical system of star sensor that wide spectrum is small-sized |
| CN109254383B (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2023-11-28 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Wide-spectrum light and small star sensor optical system |
| CN117741926A (en) * | 2024-02-19 | 2024-03-22 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Inertial measurement unit strapdown star sensor and application thereof |
| CN117741926B (en) * | 2024-02-19 | 2024-04-16 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Inertial measurement unit strapdown star sensor and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20130612 |