CN103485371B - Device and method for foundation failure mode simulation and bearing capacity testing - Google Patents
Device and method for foundation failure mode simulation and bearing capacity testing Download PDFInfo
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- CN103485371B CN103485371B CN201310431671.9A CN201310431671A CN103485371B CN 103485371 B CN103485371 B CN 103485371B CN 201310431671 A CN201310431671 A CN 201310431671A CN 103485371 B CN103485371 B CN 103485371B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and method for foundation failure mode simulation and bearing capacity testing. The device comprises an organic glass box, a cover plate, a small motor, a gear fixing plate, capacitor type film pressure sensors, a stress collector and a piezometer tube. An instrument is a square model box in appearance, the small motor is anchored above a box cover and drives gears to rotate through a chain, so that a gear rod is pressed downwards, a strip-shaped base is fixed below the gear rod, and the four capacitor type film pressure sensors are arranged at the bottom of the base. When the strip-shaped base is pressed into a foundation, foundation bearing capacity under different foundation design conditions is obtained through a p-S curve drawn by means of actual measurement stress; the foundation bearing capacity is simultaneously calculated with parameters such as volume weight gamma, cohesive force c, the embedded depth d of the foundation, the base width b and the underground water level and the like through a theoretical equation, and comparative analysis can be performed on values calculated through various bearing capacity formulas and actually measured values.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of experimental rig, particularly relate to a kind of foundation failure form simulation and test of bearing capacity device and test method.
Background technology
Bearing capacity of foundation soil is one of important topic of soil mechanics research, if load is excessive, exceedes the supporting capacity of ground, and ground will be made to produce sliding failure.Static load test research and case history show, the essence making ground cause destruction because bearing capacity of foundation soil is not enough is the shear failure of bearing stratum soil below basis.The form of shear failure can be divided into three kinds: general shear failure, local shear failure and punching shear failure.Because mode of failure itself is difficult to performance and record, the intuitive of classroom teaching can not be met, therefore be necessary to develop a kind of ground foundation simulation mode of failure and the experimental rig that can highlight destructive characteristics.In addition, because general shear failure has continuous print slide plane, more easily theorize research model, the process and character more complicated of local shear failure and punching shear failure, and the design formulas of bearing capacity of foundation soil is also failed to draw in current theoretical research aspect.And some theoretical calculation formulas of bearing capacity of foundation soil also contains more supposition, and its practicality and error analysis just receive publicity.Therefore before utilizing theoretical formula method bearing capacity of foundation soil, foundation failure rule should be summed up, the theoretical value of bearing capacity of foundation soil and actual conditions are analyzed.
At present, the domestic experimental study carried out for different foundation failure patterns is relatively less, before making the present invention, Chinese patent CN101707024 discloses a kind of foundation bearing capacity damage model test device, that an organic glass model test case underfill has sand grains, packed height is 250 ~ 350mm, perpendicular in sand grains have multistory building object model and model of high-rise building, separately a support is arranged outward at model test box, support is hung with organic glass water receptacle, is communicated with at the bottom of chamber by pipeline.Its weak point is:
(1) due to multistory building and highrise building object model, load is constant in test, therefore the foundation failure process of unit simulation is comparatively rough, the development condition in shear failure district when load increases gradually can not be demonstrated out, the Relationship Between Dynamic Change of base pressure and foundation settlement in ground destructive process can not be analyzed.
(2) adopt the mode improving groundwater table that soil body effective stress is reduced, cause bearing capacity of foundation soil not enough, rough calculation in advance whether is destroyed before can only testing after water filling, and once Lack of support, destructive process is very fast, can not tell each stage of shear failure, test controllability is poor.
(3) this device only problem of losing efficacy of ocular demonstration bearing capacity of foundation soil, foundation bearing force value accurately can not be obtained, do not consider the various influence factors causing bearing capacity of foundation soil to change simultaneously, therefore cannot carry out the theory of bearing capacity of foundation soil and the contrast verification of test yet.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for overcoming above deficiency, a kind of foundation failure form simulation and test of bearing capacity device and test method are provided.
A kind of foundation failure form simulation and test of bearing capacity device, comprise organic glass box, cover plate, miniature motor, gear fixed head, capacitive films pressure sensor, stress collector, piezometer tube.Organic glass case is provided with a cover plate, and cover plate is fixed on above organic glass case by set bolt; One miniature motor, gear fixed head are separately fixed at above cover plate; Gear fixed head is provided with three gears, wherein two gears are engaged with rack, and another gear is in order to guiding chain paths; Motor, by chain-driving pinion rotation, makes rack press down; Rack leads in organic glass case by hole reserved on cover plate, is fixedly connected with a basic fixed head below rack, and strip foundation is fixed on bottom basic fixed head by spoon nail; Arrange four capacitive films pressure sensors bottom strip foundation, capacitive films pressure sensor is fixed in strip foundation by the mode embedded, and by wire transmission to stress collector; Piezometer tube is fixed on organic glass case side; Soil body interlayer dyeing in organic glass case, different point interlayer is due to color difference, and the changing of the relative positions produced at skid wire place is particularly evident, these changing of the relative positions is connected and can forms complete failure line.Strip foundation is designed to detachable block, make the strip foundation of different in width for use, the different buried depth of strip foundation can be controlled when banketing simultaneously, and the setting that unit weight γ, the cohesion c, groundwater table etc. of soil are different, the p-S curve drawn by measured stress obtains the bearing capacity of foundation soil in different basic engineering situation, simultaneously with unit weight γ, cohesion c, angle of internal friction
embedded depth of foundation d and base widths b and groundwater table are by theoretical formula method bearing capacity of foundation soil, and the numerical value that can calculate various Bearing Capacity Formula and the numerical value of actual measurement are analyzed.
A test method for foundation failure form simulation and test of bearing capacity, comprises the steps:
1) select the soil of corresponding compression property according to different ground failure mode, first measure unit weight γ and the cohesion c of soil before test, in organic glass case, fill the foundation soil of certain altitude, and layer dyeing.
2) according to the width of design, select the strip foundation of suitable width b by a certain percentage, be fixed on basic fixed head by spoon nail, and strip foundation buried underground to certain buried depth d.
3) make rack pass through the circular opening reserved, keep vertically being entrapped in the middle of two force-transmitting gear, with set bolt, cover plate is fixed on above organic glass case.Install chain as shown in the figure, when motor is rotated, two force-transmitting gear are respectively clockwise and rotate counterclockwise, and driven gear bar presses down.
4) opening motor switch, making strip foundation at the uniform velocity slowly to pressing down ground.Foundation stress is by the capacitive films determination of pressure sensor bottom strip foundation and be recorded in stress collector.Draw the p-S curve of strip foundation deflection and base pressure.
5) by the p-S curve that measured stress is drawn, actual bearing capacity of foundation soil is obtained by p-S curve, simultaneously with unit weight γ, cohesion c, angle of internal friction
embedded depth of foundation d and foundation width b and groundwater table, by theoretical formula method bearing capacity of foundation soil, contrast the goodness of fit of various calculated value and actual value.
The beneficial effect that the present invention has
The present invention can by the rotation driven gear bar of motor, and under making strip foundation, the soil body is with constant strain rate pressurized, the progressive formation of shear failure when ground foundation simulation soil bears upper load.Particularly have employed capacitive films pressure sensor, can measure real-time base pressure, motor presses down strip foundation by given pace, and base pressure increases gradually and increases gradually with foundation settlement; Harder or closely knit soil is filled in organic glass case, general shear failure can be demonstrated, fill weak clay, local shear failure or punching shear failure can be demonstrated, the difference of the variation relation of base pressure and foundation settlement under different failure modes can be obtained thus; By the mode of layer dyeing during test, the changing of the relative positions that different point interlayer can be made to produce is given prominence to, and can form complete failure line, gets final product the elongated area of direct vision slide plane.And, strip foundation is designed to detachable block, make the strip foundation of different in width for use, the different buried depth of strip foundation can be controlled when banketing simultaneously, and the setting that unit weight γ, the cohesion c, groundwater table etc. of soil are different, the p-S curve drawn by measured stress obtains the bearing capacity of foundation soil in different basic engineering situation, simultaneously with unit weight γ, cohesion c, angle of internal friction
embedded depth of foundation d and base widths b and groundwater table are by theoretical formula method bearing capacity of foundation soil, and the numerical value that can calculate various Bearing Capacity Formula and the numerical value of actual measurement are analyzed.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is overall structure front elevation view of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the top view of agent structure of the present invention;
In figure: organic glass case (1), cover plate (2), set bolt (3), miniature motor (4), gear fixed head (5), force-transmitting gear (6), rack (7), equipment gear (8), chain (9), basic fixed head (10), strip foundation (11), spoon nail (12), capacitive films pressure sensor (13), stress collector (14), piezometer tube (15).
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, a kind of foundation failure form simulation and test of bearing capacity device, comprise organic glass box (1), cover plate (2), set bolt (3), miniature motor (4), gear fixed head (5), force-transmitting gear (6), rack (7), equipment gear (8), chain (9), basic fixed head (10), strip foundation (11), spoon nail (12), capacitive films pressure sensor (13), stress collector (14), piezometer tube (15).
Organic glass case (1) is provided with a cover plate (2), and cover plate (2) is fixed on organic glass case (1) top by set bolt (3); Cover plate (2) top anchoring has a miniature motor (4), can rotate with different constant rate of speed speed; There is a gear fixed head (5) cover plate (2) top, and gear fixed head (5) is fixedly connected with cover plate (2); Gear fixed head (5) is provided with three gears, wherein two force-transmitting gear (6) are engaged with rack (7), and another equipment gear (8) is in order to guide chain (9) path; Motor (4) is rotated by chain (9) driven gear, and rack (7) can constant rate of speed be pressed down; Rack (7) leads in organic glass case by the upper reserved circular opening of cover plate (2), rack (7) below is fixedly connected with a basic fixed head (10), and strip foundation (11) is fixed on basic fixed head (10) by spoon nail (12); Strip foundation base (11) bottom arranges four capacitive films pressure sensors (13), capacitive films pressure sensor (13) is fixed in strip foundation (11) by the mode embedded, and by wire transmission to stress collector (14); Organic glass case side arranges a piezometer tube (15) in order to observe still water level height.Soil body interlayer dyeing in organic glass case (1), different point interlayer is due to color difference, and the changing of the relative positions produced at skid wire place is particularly evident, these changing of the relative positions is connected and can forms complete failure line.Strip foundation is designed to detachable block, make the strip foundation of different in width for use, the different buried depth of strip foundation can be controlled when banketing simultaneously, and the setting that unit weight γ, the cohesion c, groundwater table etc. of soil are different, the p-S curve drawn by measured stress obtains the bearing capacity of foundation soil in different basic engineering situation, simultaneously with unit weight γ, cohesion c, angle of internal friction
embedded depth of foundation d and base widths b and groundwater table are by theoretical formula method bearing capacity of foundation soil, and the numerical value that can calculate various Bearing Capacity Formula and the numerical value of actual measurement are analyzed.
Based on a test method for foundation failure form simulation and test of bearing capacity device, comprise the following steps:
(1) select the soil of corresponding compression property according to different ground failure mode, first measure unit weight γ and the cohesion c of soil before test, in organic glass case (1), fill the foundation soil of certain altitude.
(2) according to the width of design, the strip foundation (11) of selection suitable width b by a certain percentage, be fixed on basic fixed head (10) by spoon nail (12), and strip foundation (11) is buried underground to certain buried depth d.
(3) movable cover plate (2) makes rack (7) by reserved circular opening, keep vertically being entrapped in the middle of two force-transmitting gear (6), with set bolt (3), cover plate (2) is fixed on above organic glass case.Install chain (9), when motor (4) is rotated, two force-transmitting gear (6) are respectively clockwise and rotate counterclockwise, and driven gear bar (7) presses down.
(4) opening motor (4) switch, making strip foundation (11) at the uniform velocity slowly to pressing down ground.Foundation stress is measured by the capacitive films pressure sensor (13) of strip foundation (11) bottom and is recorded in stress collector.Draw the p-S curve of strip foundation (11) deflection and base pressure.
(5) the p-S curve drawn by measured stress obtains actual bearing capacity of foundation soil, simultaneously with unit weight γ, cohesion c, angle of internal friction
embedded depth of foundation d and foundation width b and groundwater table, by theoretical formula method bearing capacity of foundation soil, are analyzed the base pressure of various calculated value and actual measurement.
Claims (2)
1. a foundation failure form simulation and test of bearing capacity device, comprise organic glass box, cover plate, miniature motor, gear fixed head, capacitive films pressure sensor, stress collector, piezometer tube, it is characterized in that: organic glass case is provided with a cover plate, cover plate is fixed on above organic glass case by set bolt; Miniature motor, gear fixed head are separately fixed at above cover plate; Gear fixed head is provided with three gears, wherein two force-transmitting gear are engaged with rack, and another equipment gear is in order to guiding chain paths; Rack leads in organic glass case by hole reserved on cover plate, is fixedly connected with a basic fixed head below rack, and strip foundation is fixed on bottom basic fixed head by spoon nail; Arrange four capacitive films pressure sensors bottom strip foundation, capacitive films pressure sensor is fixed in strip foundation by the mode embedded, and by wire transmission to stress collector; Piezometer tube is fixed on organic glass case side; Soil body interlayer dyeing in organic glass case.
2. utilize a test method for foundation failure form simulation described in claim 1 and test of bearing capacity device, comprise the steps:
1) select the soil of corresponding compression property according to different ground failure mode, first measure unit weight γ and the cohesion c of soil before test, in organic glass case, fill the foundation soil of certain altitude, and layer dyeing;
2) according to the width of design, select the strip foundation of suitable width b by a certain percentage, be fixed on basic fixed head by spoon nail, and strip foundation buried underground to certain buried depth d;
3) make rack pass through the circular opening reserved, keep vertically being entrapped in the middle of two force-transmitting gear, with set bolt, cover plate is fixed on above organic glass case; Install chain, when motor is rotated, two force-transmitting gear are respectively clockwise and rotate counterclockwise, and driven gear bar presses down;
4) driving motor switch, making strip foundation at the uniform velocity slowly to pressing down ground, foundation stress is by the capacitive films determination of pressure sensor bottom strip foundation and be recorded in stress collector, draws the p-S curve of strip foundation deflection and base pressure;
5) got through the p-S curve that measured stress is drawn, obtained actual bearing capacity of foundation soil by p-S curve, simultaneously with unit weight γ, cohesion c, angle of internal friction
embedded depth of foundation d and foundation width b and groundwater table, by theoretical formula method bearing capacity of foundation soil, contrast the goodness of fit of various calculated value and actual value.
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| CN109977453B (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2023-04-18 | 河北工程大学 | Working resistance design method for solid filling hydraulic support |
| CN110232860A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-09-13 | 长沙理工大学 | Multifunction test device and its test method for soil mechanics plane strain problems |
| CN110306519B (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2020-10-30 | 陕西长地建设工程质量检测有限公司 | Foundation bearing capacity detection device and method |
| CN110258669A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-09-20 | 浙江省水利河口研究院 | A kind of foundation bearing capacity experimental rig and its application method |
| CN114444229B (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-09-30 | 西南石油大学 | Method for analyzing bearing capacity of road-crossing pipe section |
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