CN1034847A - The shrimp feed - Google Patents

Abstract

Shrimp can be raised with fodder compound effectively, and this fodder compound has the form of ball, and it comprises the nutrients that major part is suitable for shrimp, bonds together with the water-insoluble polymer of fraction, and the fusing point of this polymer is lower than about 110 ℃.In composition, also lubricant can be arranged, vitamin and mineral matter and anticorrisive agent.

Description

The shrimp feed

The present invention is about raising the composition of shrimp and feed.

Coml stable breeding shrimp is used from the nutrients of various different products and feeds, and for example from fish and fish byproduct, shellfish powder (leftover bits and pieces) is slaughtered the mill byproduct, comprises oil from the product of cereal and plant, also has milk and milk by-product.The coml feed can not keep caking to keep a suitable period in water, but just dissolves before shrimp can eat up feed and disperseed.They are kept together by water-soluble natural base bonding agent.The ball that such feed is made has dissolved after being dropped in the water soon.Feed is very expensive and accounts for very big proportion in cost when raising shrimp, and dispersed ball explanation feed is to be eaten by shrimp.Various vitamins in the feed and mineral matter also enter finally in the water and are not eaten up by shrimp.In the water of stable breeding shrimp, this feed of not eaten up is staining water, makes it be not suitable for the shrimp life, makes water lose required oxygen content just as feed other organic matter in water.

Various fishes and shellfish all are to introduce trap with separately bait, but various bait prawn is useless because shrimping with net without trap.And never prove that bait is that suitable raising shrimp is in its a certain section life stage.

Existing needs be that the shrimp feed can be eaten up by shrimp and can keep caking in one suitably long period in water, as several hours, so that feed can be found and eat up to shrimp.

An object of the present invention is to propose a kind of method of raising shrimp, it is included in and adds the ball that is fit to the size that grasped by shrimp in the water that shrimp perches, this ball comprises the nutrients of (a) about 75 to 95% weight, (b) polymer of the insoluble in water of about 0.5 to 10% weight, its fusing point is lower than about 110 ℃ (c) selectively lubricant of effective dose, vitamin, mineral matter and anticorrisive agent.

Another object of the present invention is a shrimp fodder compound itself.

Nutrients can make by carefully cutting the animal or plant product.These nutrition comprise fish meal (leftover bits and pieces), fish meal, and crab or other shellfish powder (leftover bits and pieces), meat (bone) powder, milk powder, blood meal, the paddy yeast also has countless animal and plant byproducts, and these all are known to this professional skilled person.The preferential nutrients that adopts is the cereal powder.

The amount of culture medium should be about 75 to 95% weight in feed of the present invention, preferably about 85 to 93% weight.Effect was bad when nutrients was less than 75% weight and trends towards making composition as the shrimp feed.

The polymer composition plays anti-water bonding agent to fodder compound, makes feed physical property ground caking so that dispose and be added in the water:

The common feature that suitable polymers has is relatively soft, and low melting point is water insoluble, and can accept high charging quantity, promptly has very a high proportion of nutrients in composition, keeps suitable physical strength performance simultaneously.Polymer also must be sufficiently soft and has low concentration so that allow shrimp eat feed, but sufficiently fastening so as a few hours long feed shrimp the time interim maintenance complete haply.Feed preferably causes by such process, promptly with enough low temperature (approximately 90-110 ℃) melt in the fodder compound the polymer composition so that other compositions of fodder compound in operating process, can not degenerate.The device of extruder and pellet processing machine and so on just can be used for reaching this purpose.Though among both any can both composition tighten into ball just as the time heated polymerizable thing, polymer is to spread over equably in the composition, and composition is bonded together.The microexamination of the cross section of ball is shown that polymer overmold nutritional granular.

This suitable polymers comprises that its fusing point of various water-insoluble polymer is lower than 110 ℃, and they are selected by comprising polyamide and having at least in the group of ethene of an ethene unsaturated comonomer.This base polymer is for example: ethene/n-butylacrylic acid/carbon monoxide (E/nBA/CO), ethene/methacrylate (E/MAA), E/BA/MAA, E/BA/GMA(glyceride acrylate), the E/MAA/VA(vinylacetate), E/VA/CO and E/iBA(butyl acrylates)/MAA, and polyamide, as the hot-melt adhesive of Heng Daer (Hendel Corporation) company sale

“Macromelt 6301”。

These polymer are digested by shrimp, but can not find the traces of polymer of a few millionths after receipts are caught up in the edible part at them when these shrimps.

In general, the amount that the ethene unsaturated comonomer is had in ethylene copolymer is about 15 to 45% weight.In given ethylene copolymer, reduce the amount of ethene unsaturated comonomer, will improve its fusing point, reduce its cementability, and increase synthetic hardness.Must read very small porcelain   mountain postal taro with its compromise man in various polymer is that sledge is rare

Preferably the amount of ethene unsaturated comonomer is about 20 to 40% weight, the most about 25 to 35% weight.

The ethylene copolymer that override is considered is an ethylene/vinyl base acetate.

Amount of polymers in feed of the present invention is about 0.5 to 10% weight, preferably about 2 to 6% weight.

Composition has the form of piller, so that shrimp is got food, makes fodder compound have the high effect of raising.These balls can obtain easily with above-mentioned extrusion molding, and it is long then extrudate to be cut into required ball.Using " ball " this noun is to want to illustrate that fodder compound has compact appearance, but is not to want this shape limitation in any particular geometric shapes.

The size of ball is enough little so that shrimp catches ball.The concrete size of ball will depend on size or the growth phase of shrimp.Little or juvenile prawn can be used the ball size littler than big ripe shrimp.

Compare with fish and shellfish bait composition, they are the bigger size of tool all, says that typically bait heavily surpasses 100 grams, and shrimp feed ball of the present invention each weight usually is no more than 1 gram, about 0.01 to 0.5 gram of common every ball.

Though comprise the water-insoluble polymer bonding agent in the ball, yet ball has certain life-span, this is meant physical property caking, when it is placed in the waters of shrimp.Usually after ball is placed in the waters, just disperseed in 24 hours, concrete jitter time depends on the temperature of the level of disruption and the water of each extraneous factor such as water certainly.Clearly, the high-nutrient content in the ball, as above its small size, usually at least one degree to size impel this dispersion to take place less than 10 millimeters.Certainly, its big or small degree is to make shrimp can find the ball that adds in the entry, makes shrimp like this rather than makes water eat up fodder compound.

The component that can select to add in fodder compound is a lubricant, compresses in the operation work step with helping fodder compound.If add lubricant, its amount will depend on employed specific operation, i.e. pellet processing machine or extruder.Lubricant can comprise edibility oil and solvable fish meal.Edibility oil can be considered with any oil harmless to the raising shrimp, the preferably oil that can be digested.Fish oil for example, vegetable oil (for example corn oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil).The liquid fish meal is a byproduct of producing fish meal (leftover bits and pieces), comprises about 20 to 50% solvable fish meal and water haply.It is by being extracted in a large number when preparing fish meal (leftover bits and pieces).Though the liquid fish meal will provide certain nutrient value to fodder compound, also should select for use by the present invention, to cross its trophism in composition to its lubrication more.Fish meal (leftover bits and pieces) generally also comprises a certain amount of fish oil and liquid fish meal as nutrients.The lubricant of additional amount can be required in this or the sort of nutrients component that adds fodder compound, so that help composition to be made into ball, especially when nutrients " is done " very much.For expert skilled worker, all know and when need to add additional lubricant.

The amounts of lubrication that adds can be more preferably between about 1 to 5% weight 0 between about 20% weight.

The component of selecting to add in addition is the mineral matter that is used for the vitamin of shrimp.These additives all typically adopt enriched mixture or divide other concentrate, to add in the feed synthetic.Vitamin can be synthesize or from natural material.Various vitamins and/or mineral matter can be added in the synthetic, and specific vitamin and mineral depend on the distinctive nutritive peculiarity of other feed components and the nutritional need of the shrimp species of raising.Can add the vitamin that some is selected in some occasion like this, can add the mineral matter that some is selected, need whole vitamin and mineral matter in some occasion in some occasion.And do not need additives a bit fully at other.Concentrate can, certainly, comprise the non-vitamin material of non-activity, as common commodity vitamin and mineral matter concentrate.Because vitamin in the feed synthetic and/or mineral matter increase the growth rate of shrimp, an effective dose preferably respectively is present in the feed synthetic for the vitamin of about 0.5 to 5% weight and mineral matter.These additives be tending towards staying in the ball eaten by shrimp and be difficult for by around water by leaching in the ball.

Another kind of selectable component is can be up to the anticorrisive agent of 10% weight in fodder compound.They can comprise mould inhibitor, antioxidant, and other additives known to the expert skilled worker.The anticorrisive agent that preferably has effective dose in fodder compound is roughly about 0.01 to 2% weight.

About the percentage by weight of various components recited above, promptly to add up be 100% weight to all percentage by weights in each fodder compound.

The additives that when needing, also can in fodder compound, have other.

Composition of the present invention is suitable for raising the shrimp of all kinds, comprises not slave east this (monodons) and Fan Namei (vannamwi) and shrimp and prawn, comprises the shrimp that is commonly referred to prawn.It is moving that shrimp can be called little marine pure shell-fish haply, and it has elongated health, flat-sided belly, considerable and long how perverse chewing.

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Example

By polymer, the composition that nutriment and lubricant are formed is done with cylinder and was mixed 15 minutes.This mixture is admitted in the extruder of one 63.5 mm dia, and wherein branch slashings and guard are removed.Use an extrusion spiral fast, its draw ratio is 20.6: 1, and length is 1041 millimeters, and its end is 267 millimeters a mixing portion.Fusion temperature is maintained at about 90 ± 10 ℃.

Mixture be extruded by a heating 3.18 millimeters mould with produce one continuous rectangular, it is cut into the ball of 10 millimeters long, about 3.2 millimeters of various about 0.1 its diameters of gram.

The shrimp feed is by the People ' sMoss Gin company supply in Louisiana Ba Meiduo city.

Example 1

The composition of preparation comprises 3% and 5%E/VA(33%VA, fusing index 43), about 3% vegetable oil lubricating agent, remaining is the shrimp feed.Caking capacity to water imbibition and composition has been done test.Same characteristic has also been done test on control sample, this sample is comprising dry mixed same composition with E/VA, but has used jowar base bonding agent and beautiful Suo Nakesi (masonex), the basic bonding agent of a kind of wood again.

Two kinds of compositions all are immersed in the water to try their durability.After 24 hours, the sample of 5%E/VA is kept perfectly substantially.The synthetic of 3%E/VA increases to about twice of its original diameter, but is keeping identifiable ball shape.Control sample was thoroughly lost caking capacity in 1 hour.

Absorptive test be ball was immersed in the distilled water 4 hours and with the water inhaled the mark during as the ball dry weight represent.The 5%E/VA ball has been inhaled the water of 825 weight, and 3% ball has been inhaled the water of 112% weight.The garbage collection that destroys the control sample that can't bear is got up to measure the water that it has inhaled 584% weight.

Example 2-4

Following test is to do to decide the influence of copolymer degree to the caking capacity of product in operability and the water.Copolymer in following each example is that vinyl unsaturated copolymer has 40% vinylacetate, and nutriment is composed as follows:

Soy meal 50%

Fish meal (leftover bits and pieces) 19%

Corn flour 20%

Rice bran 10%

Vitamin and mineral matter concentrate 1%

Nutrients copolymer liquid fish meal

Example % % %

2 83 5 12

3 83 2 15

4 83 0.8 16.2

These compositions are pushed through one 3.18 millimeters mould with 5-10 rev/min rotating speed, and working pressure is 1900-1400 pound/square inch (13-16.5MPa).Extruder temperature is attempted to remain on 90-100 ℃.Actual temp is as follows:

The example temperature

℃

2 91

3 104

4 92

Example 2 and 3 composition squeeze at an easy rate, but must use a large amount of lubricants.

Extruding the ball of making by these compositions and being done accelerated test to try their dispersiveness of about 10 millimeters long promptly stirred them 1 hour in water.The particle that left behind is collected on the sieve that is placed on 20 orders (0.08 millimeter) and is dried.The dry weight that left behind is recently represented with the percentage of former dry weight below.Even under the rigor condition of this test, fodder compound has shown unusually to be stablized.

Example is regained

2 75.5

3 62.3

4 56

Fodder compound ball of the present invention can add in the water of stable breeding shrimp with traditional method. Typically, the agricultural ship of shrimp crosses the shrimp pond, with hand or with mechanical device ball is disseminated the pond face simultaneously, keeps evenly as far as possible. Shrimp is prowl at night basically, comes compared with fish voracious, and shrimp eats very slowly. Because ball has enough caking capacities in water, they just can be added into water by day In, preferably afternoon later so that these balls can be found and eat up to shrimp when they are taken food. Experimental results show that and grow finely after shrimp has eaten feed synthetic ball of the present invention.

Claims (12)

1, a kind of method of raising shrimp comprises in the waters of stable breeding shrimp adding ball that the size of ball is suitable for being firmly grasped by shrimp, and the composition of those balls comprises:

(a) nutrients of about 75 to 95% weight,

(b) water-insoluble polymer of about 0.5 to 10% weight, its fusing point are lower than about 110 ℃.

(c) can select lubricant, vitamin, mineral matter and the anticorrisive agent of the effective dose that adds.

2, as the method in the claim 1, the weight that it is characterized by those balls respectively is not more than 1 gram.

3, the fodder compound of raising shrimp as listed being used in the claim 1.

4,, it is characterized in that this polymer is an ethylene/vinyl base acetate copolymers as the fodder compound in the claim 3.

5,, it is characterized in that this lubricant accounts for about 0 to 20% weight as the fodder compound in the claim 3.

6,, it is characterized in that this vitamin and mineral matter respectively account for about 0 to 10% weight as the fodder compound in the claim 3.

7,, it is characterized in that its shape is a ball as the fodder compound in the claim 3.

8,, it is characterized in that those balls weight separately is not more than 1 gram as the fodder compound in the claim 7.

9,, it is characterized in that polymer overmold this nutraceutical particle composition is bonded together as the fodder compound in the claim 7.

10, as the fodder compound in the claim 7, it is characterized in that wherein this nutrients accounts for about 85 to 93% weight, this polymer accounts for about 2 to 6% weight.

11,, it is characterized in that this lubricant accounts for about 1 to 5% weight as the fodder compound in the claim 10.

12,, it is characterized in that the vitamin and the mineral matter that are used for this shrimp respectively account for about 1 to 5% weight as the fodder compound in the claim 10.