CN103484783A - Alloy for cutter ring of disk type hobbing cutter and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Alloy for cutter ring of disk type hobbing cutter and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an alloy for a cutter ring of a disk type hobbing cutter, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.4-0.46% of C, 0.45-1.0% of Si, 0.48-0.74% of Mn, 1.3-5.4% of Cr, 0.4-1.4% of Mo, 0.86-1.33% of V, 0.06-0.54% of Nb, 0-0.05% of Al, 0-3% of Ni, no more than 0.009% of S, no more than 0.03% of P and the balance of Fe. The preparation method comprises the following steps: performing vacuum induction smelting on the raw materials, casting, forging, performing spheroidal annealing, performing gas carburization, performing vacuum quenching, and performing double tempering. The carburized layer of the prepared cutter ring of a disk type hobbing cutter is 1mm thick, the surface hardness of the carburized layer can be up to 60-63HRC, the internal average hardness is higher than 55HRC, and the impact toughness aku is up to 15-22J/cm<2>; and the shield cutter ring is high in hardness and favorable in toughness.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of iron and steel, be specifically related to a kind of Alloy And Preparation Method for shield engine disk type hobbing cutter ring.
Background technology
Shielding tunnel excavator (abbreviation shield engine) construction has advantages of that mechanization degree is high, speed of application is fast, safe, be widely used in the Large Construction construction projects such as mine, railway, highway, disk cutter, as the main cutting tools for cutting of the broken rock driving of extruding, is key part and the easily worn part in shield engine.The hobboing cutter cutter ring in whole tunneling process all the time rock contact, it is the work edge of driving and broken rock, not only bear the very big thrust that shield engine is bestowed, but also to stand the sharp wear of various harder objuct matter in rock, cause the cutter ring serious wear, must change frequently cutter ring, and consumption is very large, reduce the efficiency of breaking rock of shield engine, increased construction cost simultaneously.
The manufacture difficulty of cutter ring of disc cutter is large, consumption is also very big.The damage mode of cutter ring mainly contains overwear vt., tipping, fracture, requires Disc Cutter Ring Material not only to have high hardness, wear resistance, the impelling strength that also will have.The normal material adopted of state's external knife ring has X50CrMoV51 and 4340, and domestic cutter ring often adopts 9Cr2Mo, 6Cr4Mo2W2V, 40CrNiMo, and these materials exist and wear no resistance or the problem of easy fracture.In recent years, 4Cr5MoSiV1(is H13) be widely used in the shield engine cutter ring because of its high-strength and high-ductility.The composition of H13 steel is: C0.32～0.45%, and Si0.80～1.90%, Mn0.20～0.50%, Cr4.75～5.50%, Mo1.10～1.75%, V0.80～1.20%, P≤0.030%, S≤0.030%, surplus is Fe.The H13 smelting steel generally adopts electric arc furnace smelting or electric arc furnace+esr two-link smelting process, and complex process and cost are higher.The expert has carried out large quantity research to the optimization design of H13 steel both at home and abroad.
Carburizing thermal treatment is the important method that improves material hardness and wear resistance, is usually used in low-carbon alloy steel, and along with depth of case increases toughness drop, but centering carbon Medium Alloy Steel Research on Carburizing report is less.Although cementation zone of the prior art has improved antiwear property and fatigue strength, infiltration layer is all more shallow.
In order to meet the application of shield cutter under severe geologic condition, require the not only high but also good toughness of hardness of shield structure cutter ring, and toughness and hardness are conflicts, current report can't meet this requirement.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of shield engine disk type hobbing cutter ring alloy and preparation method, make the simultaneously high and good toughness of hardness of shield structure cutter ring, preparation technology is simple, cost is low.
Cutter ring of disc cutter alloy provided by the invention, its chemical composition mass percent is: C0.4～0.46%, Si0.45～1.0%, Mn0.48～0.74%, Cr1.3～5.4%, Mo0.4～1.4%, V0.86～1.33%, Nb0.06～0.54%, Al0～0.05%, Ni0～3%, S≤0.009%, P≤0.03%, surplus is Fe.
Cutter ring of disc cutter alloy rigidity HRC of the present invention is 55～58, impelling strength 15～22J/cm
2.
The preparation method of cutter ring of disc cutter alloy provided by the invention, comprise material vacuum induction melting, cast, forging, Spheroidizing Annealing, gas cementation, vacuum hardening and double tempering.
As improvement, described raw material adopts No. 45 steel, and by adding master alloy and/or pure metal, also having graphite to adjust each constituent content of alloy.
As improvement, described vacuum induction melting is, in stove, vacuum tightness reaches 20-40Pa, the energising heating, and charge-temperature reaches 980-1020 ℃, in stove, is filled with argon gas, makes pressure in stove reach 0.03-0.06MPa, and smelting temperature is 1600-1650 ℃.
As improvement, described being forged to, be heated to 1255-1265 ℃ of insulation 6.9-7.1 hour before forging, and opening and forging temperature is 1140-1170 ℃, final forging temperature >=900 ℃, forging ratio >=4.
As improvement, described Spheroidizing Annealing is that 850-860 ℃ of insulation 3.9-4.1h, cool to 735-745 ℃ of insulation 1.9-2.1h.
As improvement, described gas cementation, it is 925-935 ℃ that gas cementation is processed carburizing temperature, carbon potential is 1.15-1.25%, insulation 4.9-5.1h; Cool to 795-805 ℃, carbon potential is 1.1-1.2%, insulation 1.9-2.1h.
As improvement, described vacuum hardening temperature is 1030-1060 ℃, double tempering temperature 120-540 ℃.
The present invention also provides a kind of cutter ring of disc cutter, and the material of manufacturing cutter ring of disc cutter is above-mentioned cutter ring of disc cutter alloy.
Characteristics of the present invention are: (1) adopt 45# steel cheaply as main raw material, the content that adds master alloy that graphite, foreign matter content are low and/or pure metal to adjust alloying element, reduced the content of the impurity elements such as S, P; Add a small amount of Nb further to strengthen with the nitride or the carbonitride that form Nb, the grain growth while simultaneously hindering the austenitizing high-temperature heat treatment; (2) adopt vacuum induction melting, there is the advantages such as the alloying constituent control accuracy is high, the melting loss of elements rate is little, alloying constituent is even, obtain highly purified Clean Steel; (3) compare the Clean Steel steel making working procedure (electric arc furnace+vacuum refinement+esr) of main flow, steel making working procedure of the present invention (vacuum induction melting → forging → Spheroidizing Annealing → gas cementation → vacuum hardening → double tempering) is simple, facility investment is few, cost is low, easily realizes the diversification of product material; (4) by the Technology Integration research of alloy composition, heating in the forging, carburizing, Q-tempering thermal treatment process, realized the preparation of high hardness high toughness shield structure cutter ring material.
The cutter ring of disc cutter material that the present invention prepares, realize that cutter ring carburizing bed thickness reaches 1mm, and the cementation zone surface hardness can reach 60～63HRC, and inner average hardness is greater than 55HRC, impelling strength a
kureach 15～22J/cm
2, shield structure cutter ring is the high but also good toughness of hardness not only, has solved this pair of contradiction of toughness and hardness, can meet the performance requriements of the complex job conditions such as impactite stone mill damage to the shield engine Disc Cutter Ring Material.
Embodiment
In preparation cutter ring of disc cutter alloy process of the present invention, after the molten clear melting 3min of alloy, sample, sample defectively, add alloying element, start cast to sampling after qualified; Forging temperature is necessary >=and 900 ℃, melt down heat tracing when the forging temperature during lower than 900 ℃ and forge again.Below with embodiment, illustrate.
Embodiment 1
Prepare in the steps below cutter ring of disc cutter alloy of the present invention and cutter ring of disc cutter.
(1) batching:
Raw material choose 45# steel, high purity graphite, pure chromium, molybdenum-iron (containing 61wt%Mo), vanadium iron (containing 51wt%V), ferro-niobium (containing 66wt%Nb), ferrosilicon (containing 73wt%Si) master alloy, the specification of quality of 45# steel is by national standard, the foreign matter content in other raw material: S≤0.03%, P≤0.03%.
Design alloying constituent (element mass percent) is: C0.45%, Si0.5%, Mn0.65%, Cr5.2%, Mo1.4%, V0.8%, Nb0.5%, Fe surplus.S, P be impurity, and other is allocates into, and each melting loss of elements is set as respectively 16%C, 3%Si, 4%Mn, 2%Cr, 4%Mo, 8%V, 13%Nb.Press the design mix batching, the about 70kg of batching total amount.
(2) vacuum induction melting:
Load raw material, casting mold enters stove, open oil-sealed rotary pump after closing stove, in stove, vacuum tightness reaches 30Pa, the energising heating, measure approximately 1000 ℃ of charge-temperatures with optical pyrometer, close evacuating valve and vacuum pump, be filled with argon gas in stove, the interior pressure of stove reaches 0.06MPa and stops the body of ventilating, smelting temperature is 1600 ℃, sampling and measuring after the molten clear continuation melting 3min of alloy, it is C0.46% that sampling records alloying constituent, Si0.45%, Mn0.6%, Cr5.4%, Mo1.3%, V0.86%, Nb0.54%, S0.0058%, P0.03%, reached the scope (positive negative error is less than 10%) of this experimental design, start cast, 1580 ℃ of teeming temperatures, pour into ingot mold and become ingot casting, blow-on lid after 30 minutes, take out casting mold, cut away rising head.
(3) forge:
Heating before forging: 1260 ℃ are incubated 7 hours, alloying element are fully spread, homogenization of composition.
Open the forging temperature: 1140 ℃; Final forging temperature: 900 ℃; Forging ratio 4, repeatedly jumping-up pulling.
Forge the cutter ring blank according to above-mentioned forging process, cutter ring blank principal dimension is: external diameter 439.5mm, internal diameter 278.5mm, and inner ring height 84mm, through jumping-up, punching, reaming, die-forging forming, middle through 2 heating.
(4) Spheroidizing Annealing:
Clout after forging and forging is entered to stove and carry out Spheroidizing Annealing, 860 ℃ of insulation 4h, cool to 740 ℃ of insulation 2h, and stove is chilled to 550 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove to room temperature.
(5) gas cementation:
Cutter ring rough forging after annealing and 14mm * 14mm of cutting into of clout * 70mm alloy sample are carried out to sandblasting, by the surface finish light, scale removal and greasy dirt.
Adopt high carbon potential high temperature carburizing, in sealed-box type furnace, adopt methanol dropping formula atmosphere to carry out carburizing treatment, carrier gas is methyl alcohol, and enriched gas is Sweet natural gas, and Sweet natural gas is pipeline gas, and carbon potential is 1.2%C, and carburizing temperature is 930 ℃, insulation 5h; Temperature is reduced to 800 ℃, and carbon potential is adjusted to 1.15%, and after insulation 2h, air cooling is to room temperature.
(6) vacuum hardening and double tempering:
After carburizing treatment, sample is quenched in vacuum quencher, 1050 ℃ of (preheatings stage by stage during heating of quenching temperature, first be heated to 850 ℃ of insulation 30min, be warmed up to again the quenching temperature insulation after temperature is even), insulation 1.5h, oil cooling is to room temperature, adopt immediately chamber type electric resistance furnace to carry out high tempering, tempering process is 540 ℃ * 4h+510 ℃ * 4h double tempering, and twice of tempering is cooling all to be adopted and take out air cooling, obtains the cutter ring of disc cutter for shield engine.
The cutter ring of disc cutter made, get three samples, records by standard method that alloy cementation zone surface average hardness reaches respectively 61.2,62.3,63.1HRC, and inner base average hardness (distance surperficial 5mm place) reaches respectively 57.4,58,56HRC; Get three impact toughness samples, by standard method, record notched bar impact strength a
kube 15.4,16.4,18.8J/cm
2.According to the analysis of microhardness and microstructure composition, the about 1mm of depth of case.
Embodiment 2
Method by embodiment 1 prepares cutter ring of disc cutter alloy of the present invention and cutter ring of disc cutter, and the parameter of each processing parameter and the product obtained is in Table 1, and difference is:
No. 45 steel of raw material choose, high purity graphite, pure chromium, pure nickel, fine aluminium, molybdenum-iron (containing 61wt%Mo), vanadium iron (containing 51wt%V), ferro-niobium (containing 66wt%Nb), ferrosilicon (containing 73wt%Si) master alloy.Design alloying constituent (element mass percent) is: C0.43%, Si0.7%, Mn0.75%, Cr1.3%, Mo0.45%, V0.9%, Nb0.06%, Al0.05%, Ni3%, each melting loss of elements is set as respectively 16%C, 3%Si, 4%Mn, 2%Cr, 2%Ni, 4%Mo, 8%V, 13%Al, 13%Nb.
Sampling and measuring after the molten clear continuation melting 3min of alloy, analytical results Mn, Mo content are defective, corresponding master alloy is added in calculating, molten clear rear insulation 10min, it is C0.4%, Si0.69%, Mn0.74%, Cr1.3%, Mo0.42%, V0.96%, Nb0.06%, Al0.01%, Ni3%, S0.0062%, P0.028% that resampling records alloying constituent, and (positive negative error is less than 10%, except Al to have reached the scope of this experimental design, Al is mainly as reductor), start cast.
Embodiment 3
Method by embodiment 1 prepares cutter ring of disc cutter alloy of the present invention and cutter ring of disc cutter, and the parameter of each processing parameter and the product obtained is in Table 1, and difference is:
Raw material choose 45 steel, high purity graphite, pure chromium, fine aluminium, molybdenum-iron (containing 61wt%Mo), vanadium iron (containing 51wt%V), ferro-niobium (containing 66wt%Nb), ferrosilicon (containing 73wt%Si) master alloy.Design alloying constituent (element mass percent) is: C0.44%, Si1%, Mn0.5%, Cr5.3%, Mo1.5%, V1.4%, Nb0.25%, Al0.05%, each melting loss of elements is set as respectively 16%C, 3%Si, 4%Mn, 2%Cr, 4%Mo, 8%V, 13%Al, 13%Nb.
Sampling and measuring after the molten clear continuation melting 3min of alloy, analytical results C, V, Al content are defective, corresponding master alloy is added in calculating, molten clear rear insulation 1min, it is C0.45%, Si1.0%, Mn0.48%, Cr5.2%, Mo1.4%, V1.33%, Nb0.24%, Al0.05%, S0.008%, P0.013% that resampling records alloying constituent, reach the scope (positive negative error is less than 10%) of this experimental design, started cast.
Table 1
Claims (10)
1. a cutter ring of disc cutter alloy, its chemical composition mass percent is: C 0.4 ~ 0.46%, Si 0.45 ~ 1.0%, Mn 0.48 ~ 0.74%, Cr 1.3 ~ 5.4%, Mo 0.4 ~ 1.4%, V 0.86 ~ 1.33%, Nb 0.06 ~ 0.54%, Al 0 ~ 0.05%, Ni 0 ~ 3%, S
≤0.009%, P
≤0.03%, surplus is Fe.
2. cutter ring of disc cutter alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that alloy rigidity HRC is 55 ~ 58, impelling strength 15 ~ 22J/cm
2.
3. the preparation method of a cutter ring of disc cutter alloy as claimed in claim 1 or 2, comprise material vacuum induction melting, cast, forging, Spheroidizing Annealing, gas cementation, vacuum hardening and double tempering.
4. the preparation method of cutter ring of disc cutter alloy according to claim 3, is characterized in that described raw material adopts No. 45 steel, and by adding master alloy and/or pure metal, also having graphite to adjust each constituent content of alloy.
5. according to the preparation method of the described cutter ring of disc cutter alloy of claim 3 or 4, it is characterized in that described vacuum induction melting is, in stove, vacuum tightness reaches 20-40Pa, the energising heating, charge-temperature reaches 980-1020 ℃, be filled with argon gas in stove, make pressure in stove reach 0.03-0.06MPa, smelting temperature is 1600-1650 ℃.
6. according to the preparation method of the described cutter ring of disc cutter alloy of claim 3 or 4, it is characterized in that described being forged to, be heated to 1255-1265 ℃ of insulation 6.9-7.1 hour before forging, opening and forging temperature is 1140-1170 ℃, final forging temperature >=900 ℃, forging ratio >=4.
7. according to the preparation method of the described cutter ring of disc cutter alloy of claim 3 or 4, it is characterized in that described Spheroidizing Annealing is, 850-860 ℃ of insulation 3.9-4.1h, cool to 735-745 ℃ of insulation 1.9-2.1h.
8. according to the preparation method of the described cutter ring of disc cutter alloy of claim 3 or 4, it is characterized in that described gas cementation, it is 925-935 ℃ that gas cementation is processed carburizing temperature, and carbon potential is 1.15-1.25%, insulation 4.9-5.1h; Cool to 795-805 ℃, carbon potential is 1.1-1.2%, insulation 1.9-2.1h.
9. according to the preparation method of the described cutter ring of disc cutter alloy of claim 3 or 4, it is characterized in that described vacuum hardening temperature is 1030-1060 ℃, double tempering temperature 120-540 ℃.
10. a cutter ring of disc cutter, the material that it is characterized in that manufacturing described cutter ring of disc cutter is the described cutter ring of disc cutter alloy of claim 1 or 2.
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Effective date of registration: 20200715 Address after: 412000 Diamond Road 288, lotus pond area, Hunan, Zhuzhou Co-patentee after: University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BEIJING Patentee after: Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group Corp.,Ltd. Address before: 412000 Diamond Road 288, lotus pond area, Hunan, Zhuzhou Co-patentee before: ZHUZHOU DIAMOND DRILLING TOOLS Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group Corp.,Ltd. Co-patentee before: University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BEIJING |