CN103484691A - Nickel and nickel alloy EB furnace smelting method - Google Patents
Nickel and nickel alloy EB furnace smelting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103484691A CN103484691A CN201310417267.6A CN201310417267A CN103484691A CN 103484691 A CN103484691 A CN 103484691A CN 201310417267 A CN201310417267 A CN 201310417267A CN 103484691 A CN103484691 A CN 103484691A
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Abstract
The invention provides a nickel and nickel alloy EB furnace smelting method. The characteristic that an electron beam cold bed smelting furnace is efficient in smelting in the vacuum state is utilized, and the electron beam cold bed smelting furnace is adopted for smelting large-size and heavy nickel and nickel alloy, wherein the size is 1050mm*210mm*8000mm, and the weight is 10000KG. The nickel and nickel alloy EB furnace smelting method has the advantages of being capable of improving nickel and nickel alloy smelting efficiency, improving the quality of nickel ingots, shortening the production time remarkably, improving the smelting quality, lowering the energy consumption, and smelting the nickel ingots more than 500 KG.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nickel and nickelalloy smelting process technical field.
Background technology
The method of modern production nickel mainly contains two kinds of pyrogenic process and wet methods.According to the difference of main two class nickel-containing minerals (nickeliferous sulphide ores and oxidized ore) in the world, the metallurgy method is different.Containing Ni sulphide mine main employing pyrogenic attack at present, by the electrolysis of concentrate roasting reverberatory furnace (electric furnace or blast furnace) copper smelting nickel sulphur blowing nickel ore concentrate, obtain metallic nickel.Oxidized ore is mainly nickel-bearing laterite, and its grade is low, is suitable for wet processing; Main method has two kinds of ammonia leaching process and sulfuric acid processs.The pyrogenic attack of oxidized ore is the ferronickel method.
Technological operation:
Its main technological features of pyrometallurgical smelting of the pyrometallurgical smelting nickel sulfide concentrate of nickel sulfide concentrate is as follows:
(1) melting.After the desulfurization of nickel ore concentrate drying, be power transmission stove (or blast furnace) melting, purpose is to make the oxide compound of copper nickel change sulfide into, output low nickel matte (copper nickel matte), gangue slag making simultaneously.In resulting low nickel matte, the total content of nickel and copper is that 8%-25%(is generally 13%-17%), sulphur content is 25%.
(2) blowing of low nickel matte.The purpose of blowing is for except de-iron and a part of sulphur, obtains the high ice nickel (nickel high-sulfur) containing copper and mickel 70%-75%, rather than metallic nickel.The converter smelting temperature is higher than 1230 ℃, and because the low nickel matte grade is low, general duration of blast is longer.
(3) mill is floating.After the fine grinding of high ice nickel, fragmentation, with flotation, with magnetic separation, separate, obtain the nickel ore concentrate of nickeliferous 67%-68%, select copper ore concentrates and cupronickel simultaneously and reclaim respectively copper and platinum metals.Nickel ore concentrate obtains nickelous sulfide through reverberatory furnace fusing, then power transmission solution refining or obtain thick nickel electrorefining again through electric furnace (or reverberatory furnace) retailoring.
(4) electrorefining.Except cupric, brill, also contain gold and silver and platinum family element in thick nickel, need electrorefining to reclaim.Different from cupric electrolysis is to adopt diaphragm sell here.Do anode with thick nickel, negative electrode is the nickel starting sheet, used for electrolyte sulfate liquor vitriol and chlorate mixing solutions.After energising, the negative electrode precipitating nickel, platinum family element enters in the anode sludge, reclaims separately.Product electricity nickel purity is 99.85%-99.99%.Process with fire smelting method that nickel oxide is produced ferronickel and metallic nickel silicic acid oxidized ore can be used the fire smelting method melting, through reduction, fusing and refining, obtain nickel.During reduction, to strive for making nickel oxide become metallic nickel fully.During fusing, the rumors ferronickel will be with lighter slag separately.The nickel content of ferronickel depends on the selective power of partial reduction process.Adopt coke to make reductive agent, also can adopt ferrosilicon to make reductive agent.In order to remove carbon impurity, sulphur, phosphorus and the chromium in thick ferronickel, must carry out refining.In electric furnace, with carbon direct part reduction refining ferronickel, in mineral hot furnace, adopt carbothermy that ore reduction is become to ferronickel, carry out subsequently refining.
These methods have energy consumption high, the birth defect of ability that can't the above nickel ingot of melting 800KG.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly in order to improve nickel and nickelalloy smelting efficiency, improves nickel ingot quality, significantly shortens the production time, improves the melting quality, reduces energy consumption.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical solution.
A kind of nickel and nickelalloy EB stove melting method, feature of the present invention is to adopt the electron beam cold hearth melting stove, nickel and the nickelalloy of the heavy 10000KG of melting large size (1050mm * 210mm * 8000mm); Its method is:
With electron beam cold hearth melting stove melting nickel ingot the time, first neat the putting into left and right charging frame by the nickel block raw material; Then stove each several part sealing is carried out to vacuum drawn, by vacuum degree control 1.0 * 10
-3torr; When vacuum reaches the entry condition of electron beam gun, open high-voltage power supply and prepared the rifle melting; First add hydrogen slowly until 7 rifle after steady state, approximately, about 0.1-0.5A, then the electric current of 1,2,3, No. 4 rifle is raised to 9.5-14A and is melted nickel block; The electric current of No. 5 rifles is raised to 5.5-8A to be melted near the cold bed mouth of a river; When nickel liquid is filled whole cold bed and is about to enter crystallizer, the light beam of No. 6 rifles is gathered to any and move on ingot-guiding head its thawing; After thawing, the nickel liquid in cold bed is put into to crystallizer, the light beam of 6, No. 7 rifles is adjusted to and can be covered whole crystallizer simultaneously; And current boost is arrived to 5.5-8A; Nickel liquid in crystallizer to 1-2 centimetres, crystallizer mouth the time, reduces the electric current of 1,2,3, No. 4 electron beam gun, the figure of No. 5 rifles is changed into to P1 ∮ 1 simultaneously and reduces electric current; Change the figure of No. 6 rifles into P6 ∮ 2, and mobile graphics melts nickel liquid residual on the mouth of a river simultaneously; Finally the electric current of 6, No. 7 rifles is down to 0 peace, carries out cooling nickel head; When cooling 15 minutes of nickel head by the nickel head of ingot after drop-down 40mm, continue the thawing nickel block during current value of the electric current that continues successively to improve 6,7,5,4,3,2, No. 1 rifles when melting nickel block; After the nickel block melting is complete, reduce the electric current of 1,2,3,4, No. 5 rifle and the cold bed surrounding is cleaned out, finally close the 1-5 rifle; While progressively will hang down the electric current of 6, No. 7 rifles and the size of figure is carried out feeding; Last cooling nickel ingot is until come out of the stove.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, improve nickel and nickelalloy smelting efficiency, improve the briquetting quality, significantly compress the briquetting press occupied ground, improve the melting quality, reduce energy consumption.After the present invention implements in actual production, production efficiency significantly improves, and the monolithic energy consumption descends 6%, and production capacity has improved 80%.
concrete implementation result
A kind of nickel and nickelalloy EB stove melting method, feature of the present invention is to adopt the electron beam cold hearth melting stove, nickel and the nickelalloy ingot of the heavy 10000KG of melting large size (1050mm * 210mm * 8000mm); Its method is:
With electron beam cold hearth melting stove melting nickel ingot the time, first neat the putting into left and right charging frame by raw material (nickel block).Lay special stress on can not have water, because there is water can reduce vacuum tightness, increases the possibility that nickel is inhaled hydrogen simultaneously.Then stove each several part sealing is carried out to vacuum drawn, by vacuum degree control 1.0 * 10
-3torr.When vacuum reaches the entry condition of electron beam gun, open high-voltage power supply and prepared the rifle melting.First add hydrogen slowly until 7 rifle after steady state, approximately the 1-2A left and right, then be raised to the electric current of 1,2,3, No. 4 rifle about 9.5-14A and melted nickel block.The electric current of No. 5 rifles is raised to 5 about peaces to be melted near the cold bed mouths of a river.But will note input speed when the thawing nickel block, if the too fast so uppermost nickel block of input speed melts rear nickel liquid, will melt inflow material frame, input speed is crossed and can be caused slowly light beam dispersion, electric current to increase sharply, thereby affects the normal operation of electron beam gun.When nickel liquid is filled whole cold bed and is about to enter crystallizer, the light beam of No. 6 rifles is gathered to any and move on ingot-guiding head its thawing.After thawing, the nickel liquid in cold bed is put into to crystallizer, the light beam of 6, No. 7 rifles is adjusted to and can be covered whole crystallizer simultaneously.And current boost is arrived to 5.5-8A.Nickel liquid in crystallizer to 1-2 centimetres, crystallizer mouth the time, reduces the electric current of 1,2,3, No. 4 electron beam gun, the figure of No. 5 rifles is changed into to P1 ∮ 1 simultaneously and reduces electric current.Change the figure of No. 6 rifles into P6 ∮ 2, and mobile graphics melts nickel liquid residual on the mouth of a river simultaneously.Finally the electric current of 6, No. 7 rifles is down to 0 peace, carries out cooling nickel head.When cooling 15 minutes of nickel head by the nickel head of ingot after drop-down 40mm, continue the thawing nickel block during current value of the electric current that continues successively to improve 6,7,5,4,3,2, No. 1 rifles when melting nickel block.After the nickel block melting is complete, reduce the electric current of 1,2,3,4, No. 5 rifle and the cold bed surrounding is cleaned out, finally close the 1-5 rifle.While progressively will hang down the electric current of 6, No. 7 rifles and the size of figure is carried out feeding.Last cooling nickel ingot is until come out of the stove.
Process scheme
Electron beam melting furnace is the specific equipment of high temperature refractory melting and purification.Electron beam melting is carried out under high vacuum, and temperature of superheat during melting is high, maintains liquid time long, makes the Refining effect of material be able to fully effectively carry out.During electron beam melting, that material mainly occurs is degassed, the volatilization of decomposition, deoxidation, metallic impurity and the floating etc. of molten impurity not.Wherein, molten impurity floats and is enriched in the ingot casting top, can when crop, remove.Under vacuum, the negative electrode of electron beam gun is heated and produces the thermoelectron effusion.Under the effect of acceleration voltage (being greater than 30kV), thermoelectron anode (zero potential) accelerated motion.Due to the effect of bunching electrode, electron beam passes through from the centre hole of anode, continues downwards motion, through the adjusting of multi-focusing and the magnetic scanning lens of magnetic focusing lens, makes electron beam accurately and the surface of fuel rod is bombarded in concentrated area.Produce the temperature more than 1400 ℃ at raw material and weld pool surface, the surface of raw material is heated, melts, splashes in molten bath.Molten bath is exactly the melt portions of ingot upper end, around it, is water jacketed copper crucible (crystallizer).Due to the heat effect of electron beam, molten bath keeps constantly upper and lower, inside and outside convection current.Along with the raw material melted constantly splashes into, weld pool surface constantly rises, and drags ingot device again ingot constantly to be pulled downwards, and weld pool surface is kept certain height.
Electron beam melting is a kind of special vacuum metallurgy equipment.Utilize the electron beam gun in stove tens to hundreds of kW high-power electron beam can be focused on to 1cm
2on the focus of left and right, produce the high temperature more than 1400 ℃.When high-power electron beam focuses on the nickel raw metal, just can, by these melting of metal, reach the purpose of melting or purification.Because high-temperature area is limited, molten metal need to splash into following molten bath bit by bit, cooling through crystallizer, is frozen into ingot.Under the effect of high vacuum and high temperature, gas and impurity in liquid metal evaporate in a large number.Thereby what obtain highly purified densification solidifies the state ingot metal.
The equipment basic parameter
One, electron beam cold hearth melting stove
Power: 3150KW
Output: 4000 tons of nickel ingots
Product weight: 10 tons/root
Product specification: 1050mm * 210mm * 8000mm.
Claims (1)
1. a nickel and nickelalloy EB stove melting method, is characterized in that, adopts the electron beam cold hearth melting stove, melting large size: 1050mm * 210mm * 8000mm nickel and nickelalloy ingot; Its method is:
With electron beam cold hearth melting stove melting nickel ingot the time, first neat the putting into left and right charging frame by the nickel block raw material; Then stove each several part sealing is carried out to vacuum drawn, by vacuum degree control 1.0 * 10
-3torr; When vacuum reaches the entry condition of electron beam gun, open high-voltage power supply and prepared the rifle melting; First add hydrogen slowly until 7 rifle after steady state, approximately, about 0.1-0.5A, then the electric current of 1,2,3, No. 4 rifle is raised to 9.5-14A and is melted nickel block; The electric current of No. 5 rifles is raised to 5.5-8A to be melted near the cold bed mouth of a river; When nickel liquid is filled whole cold bed and is about to enter crystallizer, the light beam of No. 6 rifles is gathered to any and move on ingot-guiding head its thawing; After thawing, the nickel liquid in cold bed is put into to crystallizer, the light beam of 6, No. 7 rifles is adjusted to and can be covered whole crystallizer simultaneously; And current boost is arrived to 5.5-8A; Nickel liquid in crystallizer to 1-2 centimetres, crystallizer mouth the time, reduces the electric current of 1,2,3, No. 4 electron beam gun, the figure of No. 5 rifles is changed into to P1 ∮ 1 simultaneously and reduces electric current; Change the figure of No. 6 rifles into P6 ∮ 2, and mobile graphics melts nickel liquid residual on the mouth of a river simultaneously; Finally the electric current of 6, No. 7 rifles is down to 0 peace, carries out cooling nickel head; When cooling 15 minutes of nickel head by the nickel head of ingot after drop-down 40mm, continue the thawing nickel block during current value of the electric current that continues successively to improve 6,7,5,4,3,2, No. 1 rifles when melting nickel block; After the nickel block melting is complete, reduce the electric current of 1,2,3,4, No. 5 rifle and the cold bed surrounding is cleaned out, finally close the 1-5 rifle; While progressively will hang down the electric current of 6, No. 7 rifles and the size of figure is carried out feeding; Last cooling nickel ingot is until come out of the stove.
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| CN201310417267.6A CN103484691A (en) | 2013-09-13 | 2013-09-13 | Nickel and nickel alloy EB furnace smelting method |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104190885A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-10 | 云南钛业股份有限公司 | Method for producing huge high-purity nickel ingot square billets through four-gun electron beam cold bed furnace |
| CN105154691A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-16 | 云南钛业股份有限公司 | Method for smelting 4J42 alloy hot continuous rolling billet by electron beam cold bed furnace |
| CN105177307A (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2015-12-23 | 中南大学 | Method for recycling copper-nickel-cobalt from low grade nickel matte through abrasive flotation separation |
| CN105177317A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-23 | 云南钛业股份有限公司 | Feeding process for rectangular smelting section of titanium or titanium-alloy electron beam cold bed furnace |
| CN106399721A (en) * | 2016-08-27 | 2017-02-15 | 宝鸡众有色金属材料有限公司 | Preparation technique of high-purity nickel ingot for semiconductor target |
| CN108220612A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-06-29 | 青海聚能钛业股份有限公司 | Zircaloy processing method is recycled in a kind of electron-beam cold bed furnace melting |
| CN108220613A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-06-29 | 青海聚能钛业股份有限公司 | A kind of method considered to be worth doing using electron-beam cold bed furnace melting zirconium |
| CN112501457A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-03-16 | 攀枝花云钛实业有限公司 | Method for smelting titanium or titanium alloy square billet by electron beam cold bed |
| CN112609087A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-06 | 宁波创润新材料有限公司 | Cold bed electron beam smelting method of high-purity nickel ingot |
| CN114807646A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-07-29 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Nickel-based alloy plate blank and preparation method thereof |
| CN115287500A (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-11-04 | 宁波江丰电子材料股份有限公司 | Smelting method of nickel-vanadium alloy ingot |
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- 2013-09-13 CN CN201310417267.6A patent/CN103484691A/en active Pending
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104190885A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-10 | 云南钛业股份有限公司 | Method for producing huge high-purity nickel ingot square billets through four-gun electron beam cold bed furnace |
| CN105177307A (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2015-12-23 | 中南大学 | Method for recycling copper-nickel-cobalt from low grade nickel matte through abrasive flotation separation |
| CN105154691A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-16 | 云南钛业股份有限公司 | Method for smelting 4J42 alloy hot continuous rolling billet by electron beam cold bed furnace |
| CN105177317A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-23 | 云南钛业股份有限公司 | Feeding process for rectangular smelting section of titanium or titanium-alloy electron beam cold bed furnace |
| CN105177317B (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2017-04-05 | 云南钛业股份有限公司 | A kind of electron-beam cold bed furnace rectangle melting section feeding technology of titanium or titanium alloy |
| CN106399721A (en) * | 2016-08-27 | 2017-02-15 | 宝鸡众有色金属材料有限公司 | Preparation technique of high-purity nickel ingot for semiconductor target |
| CN108220612A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-06-29 | 青海聚能钛业股份有限公司 | Zircaloy processing method is recycled in a kind of electron-beam cold bed furnace melting |
| CN108220613A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-06-29 | 青海聚能钛业股份有限公司 | A kind of method considered to be worth doing using electron-beam cold bed furnace melting zirconium |
| CN108220613B (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2019-12-24 | 青海聚能钛业股份有限公司 | Method for smelting zirconium chips by using electron beam cold hearth furnace |
| CN108220612B (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2019-12-24 | 青海聚能钛业股份有限公司 | Processing method for smelting and recovering zirconium alloy by electron beam cold hearth furnace |
| CN112501457A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-03-16 | 攀枝花云钛实业有限公司 | Method for smelting titanium or titanium alloy square billet by electron beam cold bed |
| CN112609087A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-06 | 宁波创润新材料有限公司 | Cold bed electron beam smelting method of high-purity nickel ingot |
| CN114807646A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-07-29 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Nickel-based alloy plate blank and preparation method thereof |
| CN114807646B (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2023-12-05 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Nickel-based alloy plate blank and preparation method thereof |
| CN115287500A (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-11-04 | 宁波江丰电子材料股份有限公司 | Smelting method of nickel-vanadium alloy ingot |
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Application publication date: 20140101 |