CN103484076B - 一种利用石膏制备的无机纳米相变储能材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明是一种利用石膏制备的无机纳米相变储能材料及其制备方法，属于建筑低碳节能技术领域，是由硅酸钠Na2O·nSiO2和石膏反应而成的硅胶，硅酸钙纳米胶粉壁材包裹反应生成的纳米10水硫酸钠作芯材，相变温度32.4℃，本发明制备无机纳米相变储能材料方法简单，成本低，产品用于建筑夹层，建材填充剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建筑低碳节能技术领域,具体地说是一种利用石膏制备的无机纳米相变储能材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
自然环境中每天产生大量的热量，如：太阳能、动物体散发热、燃烧热、摩擦热、物体运转热等。相变储能材料是在其本身发生相变的过程中，吸收这些热量的物质，并在需要时向环境释放，而达到控制周围环境温度和节能的目的。按其化学组成可以分为：有机相变储能材料、混合相变储能材料和无机相变储能材料。有机相变储能材料具有化学稳定性好、相变温度适中、无相分离等优点，然而,有机相变储能材料导热系数较低,致使其在储能系统的应用中传热性能差,从而降低了系统的效能；混合相变储能材料具有在一定范围内可调的优点，但容易老化，经过几次循环后就失去储能效果；无机相变储能材料具有使用范围广、导热系数大、融解热较大、贮热密度大、相变体积变化小、毒性小、价格便宜等优点，深得人们青睐，因此这类无机储能材料的制备和应用在专利申请方面越来越多，如：《一种无机盐/陶瓷基高温相变储能材料的制备工艺》，申请号200510120619.7；《一种无机相变储能材料》，申请号201210037753；《一种无机盐/陶瓷基高温相变储能材料的制备工艺》，申请号CN200810065301.7；《一种高性能中温无机相变储能材料及其制备方法》，申请号201210557115等等。无机相变储能材料通常存在过冷、非均匀融解和相分离等现象，致使应该储能时不储能，应该释放能时不释放能，系统中出现明显分层，相变焓大大衰减。为了解决上述问题，发明人提出各种方案，如《一种储热介质及其用途》，申请号200610104583.8，提出硝酸镁，氯化镁和水组成共晶的盐水化合物；《一种无机相变储能材料》，申请号201210037753.0，采用在无机盐水合物中加入成核剂和分散剂；《一种无机水合盐相变储能材料的制备方法》，申请号200810065301.7，采用在无机盐水合物中加防过冷剂四硼酸钠，这些方法虽然有一些效果，但也只局限于某些体系，在相变储能材料选择和使用存在一定的局限，本发明发明人研究发现，将无机盐水合物相变储能材料分散到纳米级微粒，包裹成纳米微胶囊，能很好地解决相变储能材料的过冷和相分离问题，发明人根据这一发现和构思开发出一系列纳米无机相变储能材料，本发明就是开发的这种无机相变储能材料之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于将无机盐水合物相变储能材料分散到纳米级微粒，并包裹在纳米微胶囊中，克服相变储能材料的过冷和相分离问题，开发出一系列与现有技术不同的无机相变储能材料，满足不同保温，隔热，储能，调温对象对不同无机相变材料性能的要求。
本发明一种利用石膏制备的无机纳米相变储能材料，是以无机纳米胶粉作为壁材，以纳米无机水合盐相变材料作芯材，由纳米胶粉壁材包裹纳米无机盐水合物相变材料芯材而成无机纳米储能材料，所指无机胶粉是由硅酸钠Na2O·nSiO2和石膏反应而成的硅胶，硅酸钙，所指纳米无机水合物是指硅酸钠与石膏反应生产的10水硫酸钠，硅酸钠Na2O·nSiO2和石膏CaSO4·2H2O摩尔比为1∶1-1.1，产品尺度80纳米相变温度32.4℃，熔化--凝固曲线证明无过冷和相分离问题储能密度200-500J/g，胶囊性质稳定不溶液酸，未发现过冷和相分离。
本发明一种利用石膏制备的无机纳米相变储能材料的制备方法是依次按下列步骤加工：
（1）称取模数为2.9-3.1的硅酸钠Na2O·3SiO2，加入到等重量的水搅拌均匀；
（2）称取二水石膏粉（CaSO4·2H2O），二水石膏粉与硅酸钠的摩尔比为1-1.1∶1，将二水石膏加入步骤（1），混合均匀，自然反应24小时；
（3）加入二倍体积的无水乙醇，再以600r/min的速度搅拌反应2小时，然后用硫酸调节PH5-6，搅均，静置1小时，使10水硫酸钠与硅酸钙、硅胶结合成微孔蜂窝物质，其中10硫酸钠浸入到每个蜂窝中，得一种蓬松蜂状轻体胶囊;
（4）离心分离，固体物风干即为产品。
上述步骤（4）离心脱水分离后的离心液蒸馏回收乙醇。
本发明一种利用石膏制备的无机纳米相变储能材料的应用，其特征是根据本发明提出的参数为建材设计时应用。
本发明主要应用于建筑夹层，建材填充剂或加工成型材作保温隔热储能配用。
本发明原理是以纳米级无机相变储能材料10水硫酸钠Na2SO4·10H2O为芯材，以纳米胶粉硅酸钠和硅酸钙为壁材，由纳米级胶粉壁材包封纳米级无机水合物相变材料Na2SO4·10H2O，克服相变储能材料10水硫酸钠存在的如过冷，分层和相分离等诸多问题，从而使之成为稳定的相变储能材料。步骤（3）加入无水乙醇的目的在于Na2SO4·10H2O不溶于乙醇，使水溶液中的Na2SO4·10H2O在乙醇存在下产生纳米Na2SO4·10H2O析出。
发明效果：
1.本发明产品相变温度18-40℃，储热密度200-500J/g，无毒，无腐蚀，特别适合于住房保温，隔热，储能，调温。
2.本发明产品工艺简单，成本低质量易控，稳定。
3.反复使用无相分离。
4.本发明通过快速反应，将无机盐水合物迅速分散成纳米级微粒，并被磷酸铝包裹，无机盐结晶水不易散失，微粒分子运动受到约束，有效控制了过冷和相分离的现象，是一种很好的相变储能材料。
附图说明
图1为本发明产品熔化--凝固曲线，从图可知，本发明产品相变温度32.4℃。
具体实施方式
实施例1
（1）称取模数为3的硅酸钠Na2O·3SiO2242g，加入等重量的水搅拌均匀；
（2）称取二水石膏粉CaSO4·2H2O172g，将二水石膏粉加入到步骤（1），混合均匀，自然反应24小时；
（3）加入无水乙醇484mL，再以600r/min的速度搅拌反应2小时，然后用硫酸调节PH5-6，搅均，静置1小时，使10水硫酸钠与硅酸钙、硅胶结合成微孔蜂窝物质，其中10硫酸钠浸入到每个蜂窝中，得一种蓬松蜂状轻体胶囊；
（4）离心分离，固体物风干即为产品。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式的限制，任何脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (4)
1.一种利用石膏制备的无机纳米相变储能材料，其特征是以无机纳米胶粉做壁材，以纳米无机水合盐相变材料作芯材，由无机纳米胶粉壁材包裹纳米无机水合盐相变材料芯材而成无机纳米储能材料，所指无机纳米胶粉是由硅酸钠Na2O·nSiO2和石膏反应而成的硅胶和硅酸钙，所指纳米无机水合盐是指硅酸钠与石膏反应生产的10水硫酸钠，硅酸钠Na2O·nSiO2和石膏CaSO4·2H2O摩尔比为1∶1-1.1，产品尺度80纳米，相变温度32.4℃，熔化--凝固曲线证明无过冷和相分离问题，储能密度200-500J/g，胶囊性质稳定不溶于酸，未发现过冷和相分离，所指的制备方法依次按下列步骤加工：
（1）称取模数为2.9-3.1的硅酸钠Na2O·3SiO2，加入到等重量的水搅拌均匀；
（2）称取二水石膏粉CaSO4·2H2O，二水石膏与硅酸钠的摩尔比为1-1.1∶1，将二水石膏加入步骤（1），混合均匀，自然反应24小时；
（3）加入二倍体积的无水乙醇，再以600r/min的速度搅拌反应2小时，然后用0.5M硫酸调节PH5-6，搅均，静置1小时，使10水硫酸钠与硅酸钙、硅胶结合成微孔蜂窝状物质，其中10水硫酸钠浸入到每个蜂窝中，得一种蓬松蜂状轻体胶囊；
（4）离心分离，固体物风干即为产品。
2.如权利要求1所述一种利用石膏制备的无机纳米相变储能材料，其特征是步骤（4）离心脱水分离后的离心液蒸馏回收乙醇。
3.按照权利要求1所述一种利用石膏制备的无机纳米相变储能材料的应用，其特征是根据提出的参数为建材设计时应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述一种利用石膏制备的无机纳米相变储能材料的应用，其特征主要应用于建筑夹层，建材填充剂或加工成型材作保温隔热储能配用。
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