CN103483070B - Controlled fertilizer technology and aid - Google Patents
Controlled fertilizer technology and aid Download PDFInfo
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- CN103483070B CN103483070B CN201310410142.0A CN201310410142A CN103483070B CN 103483070 B CN103483070 B CN 103483070B CN 201310410142 A CN201310410142 A CN 201310410142A CN 103483070 B CN103483070 B CN 103483070B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a controlled fertilizer technology and aid. A preparation method of the controlled fertilizer aid comprises the following steps: adding attapulgite, straw ash of a power plant, trisodium citrate and urea into tap water to prepare turbid liquid, adding acrylic acid, N, N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide and potassium persulfate, irradiating with a high-energy electron beam, then drying, crushing, screening, further adding polyacrylamide, humic acid and furfural residue, and uniformly mixing to get the aid; and adding the aid into an ordinary fertilizer, granulating so as to get a controlled fertilizer. The fertilizer has the advantages of water retention, fertilizer retention and capability of improving saline-alkali soil; and simultaneously, the straw ash of the power plant is taken as raw material, so that the straw ash of the power plant turns into treasure from waste, and the cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of have water conservation, fertilizer conservation and control saline and alkaline controlled chemical fertilizer technology and auxiliary agent, in particular a kind of controlled chemical fertilizer technology and auxiliary agent.
Background technology
Arid and salting of soil are two major obstacle factors that restriction China's agricultural development integration capability improves.Arid is the common a kind of natural disaster of China, and its range of influence is wide, occurs frequently, and perdurability is long, and except northern prolonged drought, southern seasonal drought also frequently occurs in recent years.And the major cause that salting of soil forms, the one, rainfall is few, evaporation is strong, deep soil is moved on saline and alkaline show to gather, and causes primary salinization; The 2nd, improper irrigation causes ground water table to raise, and aggravates on saline and alkaline to move, and causes Secondary Saline.At present, saline and alkali land improvement method mainly contains Physical (water conservancy measure), biological process (phytoremediation) and chemical method (modifying agent such as flyash, humic acid) etc.Although these measures are effective under certain condition, but there is separately limitation: water conservancy law and chemical amendments expend a large amount of manpower and materials, phytoremediation long and climate condition restriction consuming time, is all difficult to implement on a large scale, can not meet Agricultural Development needs.
Fundamentally see, arid and salting of soil are all the problems of water, and its improvement need to be take fertilizer as carrier from water, the advanced fertilizer technology of development low cost, water saving, control salt, maintenance.With water control salt, with fertilizer, support soil, by water-fertilizer-salt, be coupled, the upwards migration of retardance salinity, controls moisture to deep soil seepage, and collaborative other measures, progressively improves soil physico-chemical property, alleviates soil drought and salinization problem.
Since nineteen twenty-four, developed successively the advanced chemical fertilizer technology of slow/controlled type abroad, mainly comprise Envelope type, suppress formulation and urea aldehyde type etc.Slow/controlled chemical fertilizer refers to the new-type fertilizer that can slow down or control nutrient releasing speed, can improve the utilization ratio of chemical fertilizer.Although slow controlled fertilizer output and consumption, all progressively increasing, are also obtained effect in various degree, because its cost is high, be mainly used in the non-agricultural fields such as flowers, lawn both at home and abroad.In addition, these fertilizer are invented mainly for the rate of release of chemical fertilizer nutrient, do not take those nutrient loss and volatilization problems that discharged, that be not absorbed by plants into account, more do not consider how to improve soil water-retaining, fertilizer conservation, control salt performance, can not meet the demand of alkaline land soil improvement.Therefore, need to develop a kind of low cost, water saving, the foster new-type fertilizer of control.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of controlled chemical fertilizer technology and auxiliary agent are provided, realize water conservation, fertilizer conservation and improvement saltings.。
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, and a kind of preparation method of controlled chemical fertilizer auxiliary agent, comprises the following steps:
(1) by weight, the urea of the attapulgite of 20～25 parts, 10～15 parts of power plant straw ash, the trisodium citrate of 1～2 part and 1～2 part is joined in tap water and is made into the suspension liquid that concentration is 60～100g/L, at 25～35 ℃, stir 20～40 minutes;
(2) get the suspension liquid 1L that step (1) makes, add 3～5g vinylformic acid, the N of 0.2～0.4g, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide and 0.1～0.2g Potassium Persulphate stir at 30～40 ℃, utilize high-energy electron beam irradiation, then at 40～60 ℃, be dried to constant weight, pulverize, cross 100 mesh sieves, make powder;
(3) get 10～15 parts, powder that step (2) makes and mix with 1～2 part of polyacrylamide, 2～5 parts of humic acid and 2～5 parts of furfural dregs, make described controlled chemical fertilizer auxiliary agent.
As one of optimal way of the present invention, the attapulgite of described step (1) is colloid, and granularity is 100～800 orders.
As one of optimal way of the present invention, in described step (1), the silicon-carbon mass ratio of power plant straw ash is 1:1～1:2.
As one of optimal way of the present invention, in described step (2), the irradiation energy of high-power electron beam is 5～10MeV, and irradiation dose is 10～50kGy, and the irradiation time length is 5～30 minutes.
As one of optimal way of the present invention, in described step (3), polyacrylamide granularity is 100～200 orders.
A controlled chemical fertilizer auxiliary agent, described auxiliary agent adopts aforesaid method to prepare.
A controlled chemical fertilizer, described chemical fertilizer is by above-mentioned auxiliary agent, to add granulation in common chemical fertilizer to obtain.
For reaching good result of use, the mass ratio that the addition of described auxiliary agent accounts for chemical fertilizer total amount is 5～10%.
As one of optimal way of the present invention, described common chemical fertilizer is one or more the mixture in urea, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K, ammonium chloride.
As one of optimal way of the present invention, the method for described granulation is drum granulating or extruder grain.
Concrete principle of the present invention is first to utilize citrate three sodium that attapulgite is scatter, by pass through-NH of urea
2be electrostatically drawn to attapulgite-power plant straw gray surface, make attapulgite-power plant straw ash surface with-NH
2, then with N, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide is as linking agent, and Potassium Persulphate, as initiator, makes polymerizable acrylic monomer, is cross-linked and is grafted on attapulgite-power plant straw gray surface (NH by electron beam irradiation
2+-COOH=-NH-OC-+H
2o), resulting materials is composite a certain proportion of polyacrylamide, humic acid and furfural dregs again, be there is water conservation, the controlled chemical fertilizer auxiliary agent of fertilizer conservation and improvement alkaline land soil, add according to a certain percentage auxiliary agent in common chemical fertilizer granulation, be controlled chemical fertilizer.
The present invention has the following advantages compared to existing technology: the present invention compares with common fertilizer, waits nutrient fertilising, can increase output more than 10%; Increase soil moisture content more than 5%; Chemical fertilizer nutrient loss decreased average more than 20%, is effectively alleviated environmental pollution; Improve determining cation exchange capacity of soil 1～5%, strengthen soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability; Reduce soil salt and pH value 10%; The preparation of described chemical fertilizer and auxiliary agent thereof is to utilize power plant straw ash as raw material simultaneously, and power plant straw ash is turned waste into wealth, and has reduced cost.
Embodiment
Below embodiments of the invention are elaborated, the present embodiment is implemented take technical solution of the present invention under prerequisite, provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) by weight, by the attapulgite of 20 parts (400 orders, colloid), the urea of 10 parts of power plant straw ash (silicon carbon ratio is 1:1), the trisodium citrate of 1 part and 1 part joins in tap water and is made into the suspension liquid that concentration is 80g/L, at 35 ℃, 100rpm stirs 30 minutes;
(2) get the suspension liquid 1L that step (1) makes, add 4g vinylformic acid, the N of 0.2g, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide and 0.2g Potassium Persulphate, at 40 ℃, 100rpm stirs, utilize high-power electron beam (10MeV, 20kGy) irradiation is 10 minutes, then at 40 ℃, is dried to constant weight, pulverizes, cross 100 mesh sieves, make powder;
(3) get 15 parts, powder that step (2) makes and mix with 1 part of polyacrylamide (100 order), 2 parts of humic acid and 5 parts of furfural dregs, be there is water conservation, the controlled chemical fertilizer auxiliary agent in fertilizer conservation and improvement saltings;
(4) 1 part of auxiliary agent is mixed with 3 parts of urea, 2 parts of monoammonium phosphates and 2 parts of Repone K, by drum granulating, obtain controlled chemical fertilizer.
Embodiment 2
(1) by weight, by the attapulgite of 25 parts (100 orders, colloid), the urea of 15 parts of power plant straw ash (silicon carbon ratio is 1:2), the trisodium citrate of 2 parts and 2 parts joins in tap water and is made into the suspension liquid that concentration is 100g/L, at 30 ℃, 200rpm stirs 40 minutes;
(2) get the suspension liquid 1L that step (1) makes, add 5g vinylformic acid, the N of 0.3g, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide and 0.1g Potassium Persulphate, at 35 ℃, 100rpm stirs, utilize high-power electron beam (10MeV, 10kGy) irradiation is 5 minutes, then at 50 ℃, is dried to constant weight, pulverizes, cross 100 mesh sieves, obtain powder;
(3) get 10 parts, powder that step (2) makes and 1 part of polyacrylamide (100 order), 3 parts of humic acid and 2 furfural dregs and mix, be there is water conservation, the controlled chemical fertilizer auxiliary agent in fertilizer conservation and improvement saltings;
(4) 1 part of auxiliary agent is mixed with 9 parts of urea, by drum granulating, obtain controlled chemical fertilizer.
Embodiment 3
(1) by weight, by the attapulgite of 25 parts (800 orders, colloid), the urea of 13 parts of power plant straw ash (silicon carbon ratio is 1:2), the trisodium citrate of 2 parts and 1 part joins in tap water and is made into the suspension liquid that concentration is 60g/L, at 25 ℃, 200rpm stirs 20 minutes;
(2) get the suspension liquid 1L that step (1) makes, add 3g vinylformic acid, the N of 0.4g, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide and 0.1g Potassium Persulphate, at 30 ℃, 200rpm stirs, utilize high-power electron beam (5MeV simultaneously, 50kGy) irradiation is 30 minutes, then at 60 ℃, is dried to constant weight, pulverizes, cross 100 mesh sieves, obtain powder;
(3) get 13 parts, powder that step (2) makes and 2 parts of polyacrylamides (200 order), 5 parts of humic acid and 3 furfural dregs and mix, be there is water conservation, the controlled chemical fertilizer auxiliary agent in fertilizer conservation and improvement saltings;
(4) 0.5 part of auxiliary agent is mixed with 3.5 parts of urea, 3 parts of monoammonium phosphates and 3 parts of Repone K, by extruder grain, obtain controlled chemical fertilizer.
Claims (10)
1. a preparation method for controlled chemical fertilizer auxiliary agent, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) by weight, the urea of the attapulgite of 20～25 parts, 10～15 parts of power plant straw ash, the trisodium citrate of 1～2 part and 1～2 part is joined in tap water and is made into the suspension liquid that concentration is 60～100g/L, at 25～35 ℃, stir 20～40 minutes;
(2) get the suspension liquid 1L that step (1) makes, add 3～5g vinylformic acid, the N of 0.2～0.4g, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide and 0.1～0.2g Potassium Persulphate stir at 30～40 ℃, utilize high-energy electron beam irradiation, then at 40～60 ℃, be dried to constant weight, pulverize, cross 100 mesh sieves, make powder;
(3) get 10～15 parts, powder that step (2) makes and mix with 1～2 part of polyacrylamide, 2～5 parts of humic acid and 2～5 parts of furfural dregs, make described controlled chemical fertilizer auxiliary agent.
2. the preparation method of a kind of controlled chemical fertilizer auxiliary agent according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the attapulgite of described step (1) is colloid, and granularity is 100～800 orders.
3. the preparation method of a kind of controlled chemical fertilizer auxiliary agent according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (1), the silicon-carbon mass ratio of power plant straw ash is 1:1～1:2.
4. the preparation method of a kind of controlled chemical fertilizer auxiliary agent according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (2), the irradiation energy of high-power electron beam is 5～10MeV, and irradiation dose is 10～50kGy, and the irradiation time length is 5～30 minutes.
5. the preparation method of a kind of controlled chemical fertilizer auxiliary agent according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (3), polyacrylamide granularity is 100～200 orders.
6. a controlled chemical fertilizer auxiliary agent, is characterized in that, described auxiliary agent adopts method described in claim 1 to prepare.
7. a controlled chemical fertilizer, is characterized in that, described chemical fertilizer is to obtain by auxiliary agent described in claim 6 being added to granulation in common chemical fertilizer.
8. a kind of controlled chemical fertilizer according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the mass ratio that the addition of described auxiliary agent accounts for chemical fertilizer total amount is 5～10%.
9. a kind of controlled chemical fertilizer according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described common chemical fertilizer is one or more the mixture in urea, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K, ammonium chloride.
10. a kind of controlled chemical fertilizer according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the method for described granulation is drum granulating or extruder grain.
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| CN201310410142.0A CN103483070B (en) | 2013-09-10 | 2013-09-10 | Controlled fertilizer technology and aid |
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| CN201310410142.0A CN103483070B (en) | 2013-09-10 | 2013-09-10 | Controlled fertilizer technology and aid |
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| CN105439681B (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2018-11-02 | 中国科学院微生物研究所 | A kind of composite environment-friendly fertilizer synergistic agent and the preparation method and application thereof |
| CN104845635B (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2017-11-17 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of preparation method of acid soil microenvironment improvements agent |
| CN105061027A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-18 | 合肥凯士新材料贸易有限公司 | Granular type water retention matrix applicable to phosphorus-deficient soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN105061023A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-18 | 合肥凯士新材料贸易有限公司 | Granular water-retaining matrix with high water retention performance and preparation method thereof |
| CN105061029A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-18 | 合肥凯士新材料贸易有限公司 | Particle type water-retaining matrix capable of improving soil fertility and reducing fertilizer using amount and preparation method thereof |
| CN107235813A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-10-10 | 天津市实验林场 | A kind of method that utilization stalk produces biomass fertilizers |
| CN113511941A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-10-19 | 东华大学 | Preparation method of straw-based reduced-application synergistic slow-release urea |
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| CN1781982A (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2006-06-07 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | Organic-inorganic composite water retaining agent with fertilizer slow release function and its preparing method |
| CN102002369A (en) * | 2010-10-08 | 2011-04-06 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for preparing ecological agricultural water-retaining agent |
| JP2012140600A (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2012-07-26 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc | Heat storage microcapsule and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN103044139B (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2014-05-28 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Nitrogen fertilizer immobilization process using active soil and flocculant/adsorbent composite material |
| CN103145494B (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2014-04-02 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Production method of chemical fertilizer accessory ingredient for prolonging leaf fertilizer lasting period |
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