CN103480987A - Preparation method for high-fragility copper-zinc welding wires/welding lugs - Google Patents
Preparation method for high-fragility copper-zinc welding wires/welding lugs Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method for high- fragility copper-zinc welding wires/welding lugs. The method includes firstly, preparing a zinc-copper alloy cylindrical ingot, then pressing a zinc-copper alloy ingot in the zinc-copper alloy cylindrical ingot to form a composite ingot, extruding the composite ingot into club-shaped or strip-shaped alloy after the composite ingot is preheated in an electric stove, rolling or drawing the club-shaped or strip-shaped alloy into brazing filler metals with a required diameter after online annealing, and finally, placing the brazing filler metals in a vacuum resistance stove for diffusion annealing, and then obtaining the qualified welding wires or welding lugs. The preparation method has the advantages of convenience in operation, fine stability and low cost. The problem that existing high-fragility copper-zinc brazing filler metals are difficult to be processed into the welding wires and welding lugs is solved. By the aid of the method, the copper-zinc brazing filler metals can be processed to be the welding wires with a diameter equal to or less than 2.5 mm (millimeter) or the welding lugs with a thickness equal to or less than 0.3 mm, and accordingly requirements of brazing production process are satisfied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation of solder, especially relate to a kind of preparation method of high fragility copper zinc welding rod/weld tabs.
Background technology
Solder is as the very important welding material of a class, in the industries such as household electrical appliance, motor, electric appliance and electronic, building and ornament materials, weaponry, be all essential, vital connecting material, soldering tech has been played the part of important role in these industries.In order to pursue brazing manufacturability and Technical Economy, Solders Research person is at constantly development of new low-silver solder and copper base solder, and constantly improves mobility and the wetting and spreading of solder.Take copper-zinc solder as example, and in order to reduce the fusing point of copper, the researcher has increased zinc content in former solder formula, and has added tin, manganese, silver etc. in solder.But known according to ormolu phase (see figure 1), along with the increase of zinc content, in alloy structure, the phases such as α, β, γ can appear.Wherein α is intensity and the good solid solution phase of plasticity; β is that intensity is high, the Compound Phase that cold working plasticity is low; γ is extremely crisp Compound Phase.Therefore also can reduce the processing characteristics of solder by increasing when zinc reduces fusing point.
Existing copper-zinc solder zinc when soldering is easy to volatilization, and its result increases the fusing point of solder, in joint, can produce pore, has destroyed the compactness of solder.In addition, zinc fume is poisonous, is unfavorable for again workers ' health.In order to reduce the volatilization of zinc, can in copper-zinc solder, add a small amount of silicon, silicon oxidation when soldering, the silicate with the formation of the borate in brazing flux low melting point, float over the liquid solder surface, prevents the evaporation of zinc.But silicon can significantly reduce the solubility of zinc in copper, impel and generate the β phase, solder is become fragile.In addition, though add tin etc. can improve the spreadability of solder in copper-zinc solder, can reduce equally the solubility of zinc in copper, solder is become fragile, solder can't be processed into to welding wire, weld tabs, can only make foil-shaped brazing material or powdered filler metal with rapid solidification method, limit its scope of application.Therefore, inventing a kind of preparation method who is processed into the high fragility copper-zinc solder of welding wire or weld tabs, is technical problem urgently to be resolved hurrily in the solder production process.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve by 42 ~ 64% zinc, 0 ~ 2% tin, 0 ~ 0.5% silicon the preparation method of high fragility copper zinc welding rod/weld tabs that surplus copper forms.
For achieving the above object, the present invention can take following technical proposals:
The preparation method of high fragility copper zinc welding rod/weld tabs of the present invention, comprise the steps:
The first step, preparing percentage by weight is the alloy cylinder ingot of zinc 38 ~ 40, copper 60 ~ 62
Metallic copper is entered to the intermediate frequency furnace fusing, and temperature adds metallic zinc while reaching 1100 ~ 1200 ℃, fully after fusion, by complex salt, covers; When the metallic solution temperature is reduced to 1050-1100 ℃, cast obtains the cylindrical shape ingot casting of external diameter 95mm, height 355mm, endoporus 30 ~ 60mm; Ingot casting is entered in resistance furnace to 450 ~ 750 ℃ of annealing 3 ~ 8 hours, be processed into external diameter 90mm, high 350mm, the cylinder ingot of diameter of bore 40 ~ 70mm is standby;
Second step, preparing percentage by weight is the alloy cast ingot of zinc 64 ~ 80, copper 20 ~ 36
Metallic copper is entered to the intermediate frequency furnace fusing, and temperature adds metallic zinc while reaching 1100 ~ 1200 ℃, fully after fusion, by complex salt, covers; When the metallic solution temperature is reduced to 1050 ~ 1100 ℃, cast obtains the cylindrical ingot casting of external diameter 35 ~ 65mm, height 375mm; Cylindrical ingot casting is entered to 450 ~ 700 ℃ of annealing in resistance furnace and, after 3 ~ 8 hours, be processed into external diameter identical with cylinder ingot endoporus, the ingot casting of high 360mm;
The 3rd step, axially be pressed into ingot casting in the endoporus of cylinder ingot and form composite ingot;
The 4th step, enter composite ingot that in resistance furnace, 550 ~ 780 ℃ of preheatings are after 4 hours, and compound Isothermal Extrusion becomes bar-shaped or banded alloy; After online annealing, banded alloy rolling becomes the strip solder of desired thickness, rolling pass working modulus 20 ~ 40%; Bar-shaped alloy rolling is drawn into the filament solder of required diameter, drawing passes working modulus 15 ~ 35%;
The 5th step, enter in 850 ~ 600 ℃ of vacuum resistance furnaces diffusion annealing 8 ~ 12 hours by the band shape of shaping or brazing wire, can obtain satisfactory welding wire or weld tabs.
In order further to reduce the fusing point of solder, improve the mobility of solder, reduce the volatilization of zinc in solder, need to increase tin and silicon in copper-zinc solder simultaneously, the first step is replaceable is:
The first step, preparing percentage by weight is the alloy cylinder ingot of zinc 35.5 ~ 39.94, copper 60 ~ 62, tin 0.05 ~ 2.0, silicon 0.01 ~ 0.5
At first silicon, tin are smelted into to intermediate alloy A1 and A2 with copper respectively, in described intermediate alloy A1, the weight ratio of copper and silicon is 83:17; In described intermediate alloy A2, the weight ratio of copper and tin is 84.5:15.5;
Remaining copper is entered to the intermediate frequency furnace fusing, when temperature reaches 1150 ~ 1300 ℃, add intermediate alloy A1 and intermediate alloy A1, A2, cover by complex salt after it fully fuses; Treat that it fully fuses, add metallic zinc after the metallic solution temperature is down to 950 ~ 1050 ℃; Fully after the fusion, by static 20 ~ 30 minutes of molten metal, pour into the cylindrical shape ingot casting of external diameter 95mm, height 355mm, endoporus 30 ~ 60mm; The cylindrical shape ingot casting is entered in resistance furnace to 450 ~ 750 ℃ of annealing 3 ~ 8 hours, be processed into external diameter 90mm, high 350mm, the cylinder ingot of diameter of bore 40 ~ 70mm is standby.
In order to reduce the fusing point of solder, improve the mobility of solder, while in copper-zinc solder, only increasing tin, the first step is replaceable is:
The first step, preparing percentage by weight is the alloy cylinder of zinc 36 ~ 39.95, copper 60 ~ 62, tin 0.05 ~ 2.0
At first ingot is smelted into intermediate alloy by tin and copper, and in described intermediate alloy, the weight ratio of copper and tin is 84.5:15.5;
Remaining copper is entered to the intermediate frequency furnace fusing, when temperature reaches 1150 ~ 1300 ℃, add intermediate alloy, cover by complex salt after it fully fuses; Treat that it fully fuses, add metallic zinc after the metallic solution temperature is down to 950 ~ 1050 ℃; Fully after the fusion, by static 20 ~ 30 minutes of molten metal, pour into the cylindrical shape ingot casting of external diameter 95mm, height 355mm, endoporus 30 ~ 60mm; The cylindrical shape ingot casting is entered in resistance furnace to 450 ~ 750 ℃ of annealing 3 ~ 8 hours, be processed into external diameter 90mm, high 350mm, the cylinder ingot of diameter of bore 40 ~ 70mm is standby.
In order to reduce the volatilization of zinc in solder, while in copper-zinc solder, only increasing silicon, the first step is replaceable is:
The first step, preparing percentage by weight is the alloy circle of zinc 37.5 ~ 39.99, copper 60 ~ 62, silicon 0.01 ~ 0.5
At first the cylinder ingot is smelted into intermediate alloy by silicon and copper, and the weight ratio of described intermediate alloy copper and silicon is 83:17;
Remaining copper is entered to the intermediate frequency furnace fusing, when temperature reaches 1150 ~ 1300 ℃, add intermediate alloy, cover by complex salt after it fully fuses; Treat that it fully fuses, add metallic zinc after the metallic solution temperature is down to 950 ~ 1050 ℃; Fully after the fusion, by static 20 ~ 30 minutes of molten metal, pour into the cylindrical shape ingot casting of external diameter 95mm, height 355mm, endoporus 30 ~ 60mm; The cylindrical shape ingot casting is entered in resistance furnace to 450 ~ 750 ℃ of annealing 3 ~ 8 hours, be processed into external diameter 90mm, high 350mm, the cylinder ingot of diameter of bore 40 ~ 70mm is standby.
State complex salt formulated according to the weight ratio of 7:3 by dewatering borax and boric anhydride.
The invention has the advantages that simple operation, good stability and cost are lower.Solved the problem that existing high fragility copper-zinc solder is difficult to be processed into welding wire, weld tabs, the inventive method can be processed into copper-zinc solder the welding wire of diameter≤2.5mm or the weld tabs of thickness≤0.3mm, has met the requirement of soldering production technology.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the ormolu binary phase diagraml.
Fig. 2 is the micro-organization chart of the sheet of copper spelter solder that makes of embodiment 1.
The specific embodiment
Preparation method of the present invention can be elaborated by following examples.
embodiment 1: preparation GB scolder HL102, Cu48Zn52
The first step, preparing percentage by weight is the cylinder ingot of Zn 38, Cu 62
Take 310 kilograms of cathode coppers, 198 kilograms of zinc, copper is melted in intermediate frequency furnace, temperature adds metallic zinc after reaching 1100～1200 ℃, fully after fusion, by the complex salt of dewatering borax and boric anhydride preparation, cover, wherein the weight ratio of dewatering borax and boric anhydride is 7:3, and melting later stage zincification is adjusted copper zinc ratio; The molten metal temperature is reduced to 30, the cylindrical shape ingot casting that 1050～1100 ℃ of cast obtain external diameter 95mm, diameter of bore 50mm, height 355mm; Ingot casting is carried out to homogenizing annealing after 6 hours in 650～700 ℃ of chamber type electric resistance furnaces, and roughing becomes external diameter 90mm, high 350mm, the cylinder ingot of diameter of bore 60mm;
Second step, preparing percentage by weight is the alloy cast ingot of Cu 30, Zn 70
Take 110 kilograms of cathode coppers, 265 kilograms of zinc, copper is melted in intermediate frequency furnace, temperature adds metallic zinc after reaching 1100～1200 ℃, fully after fusion, by the complex salt of dewatering borax and boric anhydride preparation, cover, wherein the weight ratio of dewatering borax and boric anhydride is 7:3, and melting later stage zincification is adjusted copper zinc ratio; The molten metal temperature is reduced to 1050～1100 ℃, and cast obtains diameter 65mm, 30, the cylindrical ingot casting of high 375mm; Cylindrical ingot casting is entered to 600 ~ 650 ℃ of annealing in resistance furnace and, after 5 hours, ingot casting is processed as to diameter 60mm, the ingot casting of high 360mm;
The 3rd step, put into ingot casting the endoporus of cylinder ingot, axially adds 120～150t pressure, and the swelling of ingot casting jumping-up forms composite ingot;
The 4th step, if need to prepare weld tabs, put into composite ingot the chamber type electric resistance furnace preheating of 680～700 ℃ and carry out Isothermal Extrusion after 4 hours, is squeezed into the solder made-up belt that 55 mm are wide, 6mm is thick; After online annealing, strip brazing material is through repeatedly rolling---annealing, and (rolling pass working modulus 25% when tape thickness 3mm is above, between 680～700 ℃ of annealing temperatures to be prepared into 0.3 mm thickness band; Rolling pass working modulus 35% in the time of between tape thickness 1～3mm, between 650～680 ℃ of annealing temperatures; Rolling pass working modulus 30% when tape thickness 0.5～1mm is following, between 600～620 ℃ of annealing temperatures; Rolling pass working modulus 22% when tape thickness 0.5mm is following, between 560～580 ℃ of annealing temperatures);
If need to prepare welding wire, composite ingot is put into to the chamber type electric resistance furnace preheating of 680～700 ℃ and carried out Isothermal Extrusion after 4 hours, be squeezed into the solder rod base of diameter 16mm; After online annealing, bar-shaped solder is through repeatedly rolling---annealing---drawing---annealing, and (rolling pass working modulus 15% when diameter of rod 10mm is above, between 680～700 ℃ of annealing temperatures to be prepared into 2.5 mm filaments; Rolling pass reduction 20% processed in the time of between diameter of rod 10～6.3mm, between 650～680 ℃ of annealing temperatures; Drawing passes working modulus 25% in the time of between filament diameter 6.3～3mm, between 600～620 ℃ of annealing temperatures; During filament diameter 2.65mm, with the annealing temperature of 480～500 ℃; Finally pull to 2.5mm).
The 5th step, the band shape that the 4th step is shaped or brazing wire enter in 750 ℃ of vacuum resistance furnaces diffusion annealing 10 hours, and vacuum 30pa, can obtain the finished product welding wire of diameter 2.5mm or the finished product weld tabs of thickness 0.3mm.Fig. 2 sees in the micro-organization chart of finished product weld tabs.
embodiment 2: preparation GB scolder HL103, Cu54Zn46
The first step, preparing percentage by weight is the cylinder ingot of Zn 40, Cu 60
Take 310 kilograms of cathode coppers, 215 kilograms of zinc, copper is melted in intermediate frequency furnace, temperature adds metallic zinc after reaching 1100～1200 ℃, fully after fusion, by the complex salt of dewatering borax and boric anhydride preparation, cover, wherein the weight ratio of dewatering borax and boric anhydride is 7:3, and melting later stage zincification is adjusted copper zinc ratio; The molten metal temperature is reduced to 30, the cylindrical shape ingot casting that 1050～1100 ℃ of cast obtain external diameter 95mm, diameter of bore 30mm, height 355mm; Ingot casting is carried out to homogenizing annealing after 6 hours in 650～700 ℃ of chamber type electric resistance furnaces, and roughing becomes external diameter 90mm, high 350mm, the cylinder ingot of diameter of bore 40mm;
Second step, preparing percentage by weight is the alloy cast ingot of Cu 30, Zn 70
Take 110 kilograms of cathode coppers, 268 kilograms of zinc, copper is melted in intermediate frequency furnace, temperature adds metallic zinc after reaching 1100～1200 ℃, fully after fusion, by the complex salt of dewatering borax and boric anhydride preparation, cover, wherein the weight ratio of dewatering borax and boric anhydride is 7:3, and melting later stage zincification is adjusted copper zinc ratio; The molten metal temperature is reduced to 1050～1100 ℃, and cast obtains diameter 45mm, 30, the cylindrical ingot casting of high 375mm; Cylindrical ingot casting is entered to 600 ~ 650 ℃ of annealing in resistance furnace and, after 5 hours, ingot casting is processed as to diameter 40mm, the ingot casting of high 360mm;
The 3rd step, put into ingot casting the endoporus of cylinder ingot, axially adds 120～150t pressure, and the swelling of ingot casting jumping-up forms composite ingot;
The 4th step, if need to prepare weld tabs, put into composite ingot the chamber type electric resistance furnace preheating of 680～700 ℃ and carry out Isothermal Extrusion after 4 hours, is squeezed into the solder made-up belt that 35 mm are wide, 6mm is thick; After online annealing, strip brazing material is through repeatedly rolling---annealing, and (rolling pass working modulus 25% when tape thickness 3mm is above, between 680～700 ℃ of annealing temperatures to be prepared into 0.3 mm thickness band; Rolling pass working modulus 35% in the time of between tape thickness 1～3mm, between 650～680 ℃ of annealing temperatures; Rolling pass working modulus 30% when tape thickness 0.5～1mm is following, between 600～620 ℃ of annealing temperatures; Rolling pass working modulus 22% when tape thickness 0.5mm is following, between 560～580 ℃ of annealing temperatures);
If need to prepare welding wire, composite ingot is put into to the chamber type electric resistance furnace preheating of 680～700 ℃ and carried out Isothermal Extrusion after 4 hours, be squeezed into the solder rod base of diameter 16mm; After online annealing, bar-shaped solder is through repeatedly rolling---annealing---drawing---annealing, and (rolling pass working modulus 15% when diameter of rod 10mm is above, between 680～700 ℃ of annealing temperatures to be prepared into 2.0 mm filaments; Rolling pass reduction 20% processed in the time of between diameter of rod 10～6.3mm, between 650～680 ℃ of annealing temperatures; Drawing passes working modulus 25% in the time of between filament diameter 6.3～3mm, between 600～620 ℃ of annealing temperatures; During filament diameter 2.65mm, with the annealing temperature of 480～500 ℃; Finally pull to 2.0mm).
The 5th step, the band shape that the 4th step is shaped or brazing wire enter in 750 ℃ of vacuum resistance furnaces diffusion annealing 8 hours, and vacuum 30pa, can obtain the finished product welding wire of diameter 2.0mm or the finished product weld tabs of thickness 0.3mm.
embodiment 3: prepare scolder Cu51.5Zn46SnSi
The first step, preparing percentage by weight is zinc 38%, tin 2%, silicon 0.5%, the alloy cylinder ingot that surplus is copper
Take 282 kilograms of cathode coppers, 187 kilograms of zinc,
10 kilogramstin,
2.5 kilogramsilicon, at first by fusing point, higher silicon and the lower tin of fusing point is smelted into intermediate alloy A1 and A2 with copper respectively, and wherein in intermediate alloy A1, the weight ratio of copper and silicon is 83:17; In intermediate alloy A2, the percentage by weight of copper and tin is 84.5:15.5;
Remaining copper is entered to the intermediate frequency furnace fusing, when temperature reaches 1150 ~ 1300 ℃, add intermediate alloy A1, cover by the complex salt of dewatering borax and boric anhydride preparation after it fully fuses, wherein the weight ratio of dewatering borax and boric anhydride is 7:3; Then add intermediate alloy A2, treat that it fully fuses, add metallic zinc fully to fuse after the metallic solution temperature is down to 950 ~ 1000 ℃, melting later stage zincification is adjusted copper zinc ratio; By the molten metal temperature stabilization, be 1050 ~ 1100 ℃, static 20 ~ 30 minutes, cast obtained 25, the cylindrical shape ingot casting of external diameter 95mm, height 355mm, diameter of bore 40mm; The cylindrical shape ingot casting is entered in resistance furnace to 650 ~ 700 ℃ and carry out homogenizing annealing 6 hours, roughing becomes external diameter 90mm, high 350mm, and the cylinder ingot of diameter of bore 50mm is standby;
Second step, preparing percentage by weight is the alloy cast ingot of Cu 36, Zn 64
Take 65 kilograms of cathode coppers, 116 kilograms of zinc, copper is melted in intermediate frequency furnace, temperature adds metallic zinc after reaching 1100～1200 ℃, fully after fusion, by the complex salt of dewatering borax and boric anhydride preparation, cover, wherein the weight ratio of dewatering borax and boric anhydride is 7:3, and melting later stage zincification is adjusted copper zinc ratio; The molten metal temperature is reduced to 1050～1100 ℃, and cast obtains diameter 55mm, 25, the cylindrical ingot casting of high 375mm; Cylindrical ingot casting is entered to 650 ~ 700 ℃ of annealing in resistance furnace and, after 4 hours, ingot casting is processed as to diameter 50mm, the ingot casting of high 360mm;
The 3rd step, put into ingot casting the endoporus of cylinder ingot, axially adds 120～150t pressure, and the swelling of ingot casting jumping-up forms composite ingot;
The 4th step, if need to prepare weld tabs, put into composite ingot the chamber type electric resistance furnace preheating of 780～800 ℃ and carry out Isothermal Extrusion after 4 hours, is squeezed into the solder made-up belt that 55 mm are wide, 6mm is thick; After online annealing, strip brazing material is through repeatedly rolling---annealing, and (rolling pass working modulus 28% when tape thickness 3mm is above, between 780～800 ℃ of annealing temperatures to be prepared into the strip that 0.3 mm is thick; Rolling pass working modulus 35% in the time of between tape thickness 1～3mm, between 750～780 ℃ of annealing temperatures; Rolling pass working modulus 30% when tape thickness 0.5～1mm is following, between 700～730 ℃ of annealing temperatures; Rolling pass working modulus 22% when tape thickness 0.5mm is following, between 660～690 ℃ of annealing temperatures);
If need to prepare welding wire, composite ingot is put into to the chamber type electric resistance furnace preheating of 780～800 ℃ and carried out Isothermal Extrusion after 4 hours, be squeezed into the solder rod base of diameter 16mm; After online annealing, bar-shaped solder is through repeatedly rolling---annealing---drawing---annealing, and (rolling pass working modulus 15% when diameter of rod 10mm is above, between 780～800 ℃ of annealing temperatures to be prepared into 2.5 mm filaments; Rolling pass reduction 20% processed in the time of between diameter of rod 10～6.3mm, between 750～780 ℃ of annealing temperatures; Drawing passes working modulus 25% in the time of between filament diameter 6.3～3mm, between 700～730 ℃ of annealing temperatures; During filament diameter 2.65mm, with the annealing temperature of 660～690 ℃; Finally pull to 2.5mm).
The 5th step, the band shape that the 4th step is shaped or brazing wire enter in 810 ℃ of vacuum resistance furnaces diffusion annealing 10 hours, and vacuum 30Pa, can obtain the finished product welding wire of diameter 2.5mm or the finished product weld tabs of thickness 0.3mm.
embodiment 4: preparation GB scolder HL101, Cu36Zn64
The first step, preparing percentage by weight is the cylinder ingot of Zn 38, Cu 62
Take 300 kilograms of cathode coppers, 190 kilograms of zinc, copper is melted in intermediate frequency furnace, temperature adds metallic zinc after reaching 1100～1200 ℃, fully after fusion, by the complex salt of dewatering borax and boric anhydride preparation, cover, wherein the weight ratio of dewatering borax and boric anhydride is 7:3, and melting later stage zincification is adjusted copper zinc ratio; The molten metal temperature is reduced to 35, the cylindrical shape ingot casting that 1050～1100 ℃ of cast obtain external diameter 95mm, diameter of bore 60mm, height 355mm; Ingot casting is carried out to homogenizing annealing after 6 hours in 650～700 ℃ of chamber type electric resistance furnaces, and roughing becomes external diameter 90mm, high 350mm, the cylinder ingot of diameter of bore 70mm;
Second step, preparing percentage by weight is the alloy cast ingot of Cu 20, Zn 80
Take 90 kilograms of cathode coppers, 360 kilograms of zinc, copper is melted in intermediate frequency furnace, temperature adds metallic zinc after reaching 1100～1200 ℃, fully after fusion, by the complex salt of dewatering borax and boric anhydride preparation, cover, wherein the weight ratio of dewatering borax and boric anhydride is 7:3, and melting later stage zincification is adjusted copper zinc ratio; The molten metal temperature is reduced to 1050～1100 ℃, and cast obtains diameter 75mm, 35, the cylindrical ingot casting of high 375mm; Cylindrical ingot casting is entered to 450 ~ 500 ℃ of annealing in resistance furnace and, after 8 hours, ingot casting is processed as to diameter 70mm, the ingot casting of high 360mm;
The 3rd step, put into ingot casting the endoporus of cylinder ingot, axially adds 120～150t pressure, and the swelling of ingot casting jumping-up forms composite ingot;
The 4th step, if need to prepare weld tabs, put into composite ingot the chamber type electric resistance furnace preheating of 550～580 ℃ and carry out Isothermal Extrusion after 4 hours, is squeezed into the solder made-up belt that 55 mm are wide, 6mm is thick; After online annealing, strip brazing material is through repeatedly rolling---annealing, and (rolling pass working modulus 25% when tape thickness 3mm is above, between 550～580 ℃ of annealing temperatures to be prepared into the strip that 0.3 mm is thick; Rolling pass working modulus 35% in the time of between tape thickness 1～3mm, between 520～560 ℃ of annealing temperatures; Rolling pass working modulus 30% when tape thickness 0.5～1mm is following, between 470～510 ℃ of annealing temperatures; Rolling pass working modulus 22% when tape thickness 0.5mm is following, between 430～470 ℃ of annealing temperatures);
If need to prepare welding wire, composite ingot is put into to the chamber type electric resistance furnace preheating of 550～580 ℃ and carried out Isothermal Extrusion after 4 hours, be squeezed into the solder rod base of diameter 16mm; After online annealing, bar-shaped solder is through repeatedly rolling---annealing---drawing---annealing, and (rolling pass working modulus 15% when diameter of rod 10mm is above, between 550～580 ℃ of annealing temperatures to be prepared into 2.5 mm filaments; Rolling pass reduction 20% processed in the time of between diameter of rod 10～6.3mm, between 520～560 ℃ of annealing temperatures; Drawing passes working modulus 25% in the time of between filament diameter 6.3～3mm, between 470～510 ℃ of annealing temperatures; During filament diameter 2.65mm, with the annealing temperature of 430～470 ℃; Finally pull to 2.5mm).
The 5th step, the band shape that the 4th step is shaped or brazing wire enter in 650 ℃ of vacuum resistance furnaces diffusion annealing 10 hours, and vacuum 20Pa, can obtain the finished product welding wire of diameter 2.5mm or the finished product weld tabs of thickness 0.3mm.
embodiment 5: prepare scolder Cu54Zn45Sn
The first step, preparing percentage by weight is zinc 37%, tin 1%, the alloy cylinder ingot that surplus is copper
Take 293 kilograms of cathode coppers, 182 kilograms of zinc,
5 kilogramstin, at first by fusing point, lower tin and copper is smelted into intermediate alloy A2, and in A2, the percentage by weight of copper and tin is 84.5:15.5;
Remaining copper is entered to intermediate frequency furnace fusing, when temperature reaches 1150 ~ 1300 ℃, add intermediate alloy A2, treat that it fully fuses, add metallic zinc fully to fuse after the metallic solution temperature is down to 950 ~ 1000 ℃, melting later stage zincification is adjusted copper zinc ratio; By the molten metal temperature stabilization, be 1050 ~ 1100 ℃, static 20 ~ 30 minutes, cast obtained 24, the cylindrical shape ingot casting of external diameter 95mm, height 355mm, diameter of bore 33mm; The cylindrical shape ingot casting is entered in resistance furnace to 700 ~ 750 ℃ and carry out homogenizing annealing 6 hours, roughing becomes external diameter 90mm, high 350mm, and the cylinder ingot of diameter of bore 43mm is standby;
Second step, preparing percentage by weight is the alloy cast ingot of Cu 30, Zn 70
Take 105 kg cathode copper, 256 kilograms of zinc, copper is melted in intermediate frequency furnace, temperature adds metallic zinc after reaching 1100～1200 ℃, fully after fusion, by the complex salt of dewatering borax and boric anhydride preparation, cover, wherein the weight ratio of dewatering borax and boric anhydride is 7:3, and melting later stage zincification is adjusted copper zinc ratio; The molten metal temperature is reduced to 1050～1100 ℃, and cast obtains diameter 48mm, 24, the cylindrical ingot casting of high 375mm; Cylindrical ingot casting is entered to 600 ~ 650 ℃ of annealing in resistance furnace and, after 5 hours, ingot casting is processed as to diameter 43mm, the ingot casting of high 360mm;
The 3rd step, put into ingot casting the endoporus of cylinder ingot, axially adds 120～150t pressure, and the swelling of ingot casting jumping-up forms composite ingot;
The 4th step, if need to prepare weld tabs, put into composite ingot the chamber type electric resistance furnace preheating of 680～700 ℃ and carry out Isothermal Extrusion after 4 hours, is squeezed into the solder made-up belt that 35 mm are wide, 6mm is thick; After online annealing, strip brazing material is through repeatedly rolling---annealing, and (rolling pass working modulus 25% when tape thickness 3mm is above, between 680～700 ℃ of annealing temperatures to be prepared into 0.3 mm thickness band; Rolling pass working modulus 35% in the time of between tape thickness 1～3mm, between 650～680 ℃ of annealing temperatures; Rolling pass working modulus 30% when tape thickness 0.5～1mm is following, between 600～620 ℃ of annealing temperatures; Rolling pass working modulus 22% when tape thickness 0.5mm is following, between 560～580 ℃ of annealing temperatures);
If need to prepare welding wire, composite ingot is put into to the chamber type electric resistance furnace preheating of 680～700 ℃ and carried out Isothermal Extrusion after 4 hours, be squeezed into the solder rod base of diameter 16mm; After online annealing, bar-shaped solder is through repeatedly rolling---annealing---drawing---annealing, and (rolling pass working modulus 15% when diameter of rod 10mm is above, between 680～700 ℃ of annealing temperatures to be prepared into 2.0 mm filaments; Rolling pass reduction 20% processed in the time of between diameter of rod 10～6.3mm, between 650～680 ℃ of annealing temperatures; Drawing passes working modulus 25% in the time of between filament diameter 6.3～3mm, between 600～620 ℃ of annealing temperatures; During filament diameter 2.65mm, with the annealing temperature of 480～500 ℃; Finally pull to 2.0mm).
The 5th step, the band shape that the 4th step is shaped or brazing wire enter in 750 ℃ of vacuum resistance furnaces diffusion annealing 8 hours, and vacuum 30pa, can obtain the finished product welding wire of diameter 2.0mm or the finished product weld tabs of thickness 0.3mm.
embodiment 6: prepare scolder Cu53.8Zn46Si
The first step, preparing percentage by weight is zinc 37.8%, silicon 0.2%, the alloy cylinder ingot that surplus is copper
Take 276.1 kilograms of cathode coppers, 173 kilograms of zinc, 0.9 kilogram of silicon, at first by fusing point, higher silicon and copper is smelted into intermediate alloy A1, and wherein in intermediate alloy A1, the weight ratio of copper and silicon is 83:17;
Remaining copper is entered to the intermediate frequency furnace fusing, when temperature reaches 1150 ~ 1300 ℃, add intermediate alloy A1, cover by the complex salt of dewatering borax and boric anhydride preparation after it fully fuses, wherein the weight ratio of dewatering borax and boric anhydride is 7:3; After the metallic solution temperature is down to 950 ~ 1000 ℃, add metallic zinc fully to fuse, melting later stage zincification is adjusted copper zinc ratio; By the molten metal temperature stabilization, be 1050 ~ 1100 ℃, static 20 ~ 30 minutes, cast obtained 25, the cylindrical shape ingot casting of external diameter 95mm, height 355mm, diameter of bore 38mm; The cylindrical shape ingot casting is entered in resistance furnace to 650 ~ 700 ℃ and carry out homogenizing annealing 6 hours, roughing becomes external diameter 90mm, high 350mm, and the cylinder ingot of diameter of bore 48mm is standby;
Second step, preparing percentage by weight is the alloy cast ingot of Cu 36, Zn 64
Take 69 kilograms of cathode coppers, 126 kilograms of zinc, copper is melted in intermediate frequency furnace, temperature adds metallic zinc after reaching 1100～1200 ℃, fully after fusion, by the complex salt of dewatering borax and boric anhydride preparation, cover, wherein the weight ratio of dewatering borax and boric anhydride is 7:3, and melting later stage zincification is adjusted copper zinc ratio; The molten metal temperature is reduced to 1050～1100 ℃, and cast obtains diameter 53mm, 25, the cylindrical ingot casting of high 375mm; Cylindrical ingot casting is entered to 650 ~ 700 ℃ of annealing in resistance furnace and, after 4 hours, ingot casting is processed as to diameter 48mm, the ingot casting of high 360mm;
The 3rd step, put into ingot casting the endoporus of cylinder ingot, axially adds 120～150t pressure, and the swelling of ingot casting jumping-up forms composite ingot;
The 4th step, if need to prepare weld tabs, put into composite ingot the chamber type electric resistance furnace preheating of 780～800 ℃ and carry out Isothermal Extrusion after 4 hours, is squeezed into the solder made-up belt that 55 mm are wide, 6mm is thick; After online annealing, strip brazing material is through repeatedly rolling---annealing, and (rolling pass working modulus 28% when tape thickness 3mm is above, between 780～800 ℃ of annealing temperatures to be prepared into the strip that 0.3 mm is thick; Rolling pass working modulus 35% in the time of between tape thickness 1～3mm, between 750～780 ℃ of annealing temperatures; Rolling pass working modulus 30% when tape thickness 0.5～1mm is following, between 700～730 ℃ of annealing temperatures; Rolling pass working modulus 22% when tape thickness 0.5mm is following, between 660～690 ℃ of annealing temperatures);
If need to prepare welding wire, composite ingot is put into to the chamber type electric resistance furnace preheating of 780～800 ℃ and carried out Isothermal Extrusion after 4 hours, be squeezed into the solder rod base of diameter 16mm; After online annealing, bar-shaped solder is through repeatedly rolling---annealing---drawing---annealing, and (rolling pass working modulus 15% when diameter of rod 10mm is above, between 780～800 ℃ of annealing temperatures to be prepared into 2.5 mm filaments; Rolling pass reduction 20% processed in the time of between diameter of rod 10～6.3mm, between 750～780 ℃ of annealing temperatures; Drawing passes working modulus 25% in the time of between filament diameter 6.3～3mm, between 700～730 ℃ of annealing temperatures; During filament diameter 2.65mm, with the annealing temperature of 660～690 ℃; Finally pull to 2.5mm).
The 5th step, the band shape that the 4th step is shaped or brazing wire enter in 810 ℃ of vacuum resistance furnaces diffusion annealing 10 hours, and vacuum 30Pa, can obtain the finished product welding wire of diameter 2.5mm or the finished product weld tabs of thickness 0.3mm.
Above embodiment, only for being used for explaining the present invention's preferred embodiment, not does any pro forma restriction to the present invention, and all any modifications of having done under the present invention or change all belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. the preparation method of a high fragility copper zinc welding rod/weld tabs, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
The first step, preparing percentage by weight is the alloy cylinder ingot of zinc 38 ~ 40, copper 60 ~ 62
Metallic copper is entered to the intermediate frequency furnace fusing, and temperature adds metallic zinc while reaching 1100 ~ 1200 ℃, fully after fusion, by complex salt, covers; When the metallic solution temperature is reduced to 1050-1100 ℃, cast obtains the cylindrical shape ingot casting of external diameter 95mm, height 355mm, endoporus 30 ~ 60mm; Ingot casting is entered in resistance furnace to 450 ~ 750 ℃ of annealing 3 ~ 8 hours, be processed into external diameter 90mm, high 350mm, the cylinder ingot of diameter of bore 40 ~ 70mm is standby;
Second step, preparing percentage by weight is the alloy cast ingot of zinc 64 ~ 80, copper 20 ~ 36
Metallic copper is entered to the intermediate frequency furnace fusing, and temperature adds metallic zinc while reaching 1100 ~ 1200 ℃, fully after fusion, by complex salt, covers; When the metallic solution temperature is reduced to 1050 ~ 1100 ℃, cast obtains the cylindrical ingot casting of external diameter 35 ~ 65mm, height 375mm; Cylindrical ingot casting is entered to 450 ~ 700 ℃ of annealing in resistance furnace and, after 3 ~ 8 hours, be processed into external diameter identical with cylinder ingot endoporus, the ingot casting of high 360mm;
The 3rd step, axially be pressed into ingot casting in the endoporus of cylinder ingot and form composite ingot;
The 4th step, enter composite ingot that in resistance furnace, 550 ~ 780 ℃ of preheatings are after 4 hours, and compound Isothermal Extrusion becomes bar-shaped or banded alloy; After online annealing, banded alloy rolling becomes the strip solder of desired thickness, rolling pass working modulus 20 ~ 40%; Bar-shaped alloy rolling is drawn into the filament solder of required diameter, drawing passes working modulus 15 ~ 35%;
The 5th step, enter in 850 ~ 600 ℃ of vacuum resistance furnaces diffusion annealing 8 ~ 12 hours by the band shape of shaping or brazing wire, can obtain satisfactory welding wire or weld tabs.
2. the preparation method of high fragility copper zinc welding rod/weld tabs according to claim 1 is characterized in that: while in copper-zinc solder, increasing tin and silicon, the first step replaces with:
The first step, preparing percentage by weight is the alloy cylinder ingot of zinc 35.5 ~ 39.94, copper 60 ~ 62, tin 0.05 ~ 2.0, silicon 0.01 ~ 0.5
At first silicon, tin are smelted into to intermediate alloy A1 and A2 with copper respectively, in described intermediate alloy A1, the weight ratio of copper and silicon is 83:17; In described intermediate alloy A2, the weight ratio of copper and tin is 84.5:15.5;
Remaining copper is entered to the intermediate frequency furnace fusing, when temperature reaches 1150 ~ 1300 ℃, add intermediate alloy A1 and intermediate alloy A1, A2, cover by complex salt after it fully fuses; Treat that it fully fuses, add metallic zinc after the metallic solution temperature is down to 950 ~ 1050 ℃; Fully after the fusion, by static 20 ~ 30 minutes of molten metal, pour into the cylindrical shape ingot casting of external diameter 95mm, height 355mm, endoporus 30 ~ 60mm; The cylindrical shape ingot casting is entered in resistance furnace to 450 ~ 750 ℃ of annealing 3 ~ 8 hours, be processed into external diameter 90mm, high 350mm, the cylinder ingot of diameter of bore 40 ~ 70mm is standby.
3. the preparation method of high fragility copper zinc welding rod/weld tabs according to claim 1 is characterized in that: while in copper-zinc solder, increasing tin, the first step replaces with:
The first step, preparing percentage by weight is the alloy cylinder ingot of zinc 36 ~ 39.95, copper 60 ~ 62, tin 0.05 ~ 2.0
At first tin and copper are smelted into to intermediate alloy, in described intermediate alloy, the weight ratio of copper and tin is 84.5:15.5;
Remaining copper is entered to the intermediate frequency furnace fusing, when temperature reaches 1150 ~ 1300 ℃, add intermediate alloy, cover by complex salt after it fully fuses; Treat that it fully fuses, add metallic zinc after the metallic solution temperature is down to 950 ~ 1050 ℃; Fully after the fusion, by static 20 ~ 30 minutes of molten metal, pour into the cylindrical shape ingot casting of external diameter 95mm, height 355mm, endoporus 30 ~ 60mm; The cylindrical shape ingot casting is entered in resistance furnace to 450 ~ 750 ℃ of annealing 3 ~ 8 hours, be processed into external diameter 90mm, high 350mm, the cylinder ingot of diameter of bore 40 ~ 70mm is standby.
4. the preparation method of high fragility copper zinc welding rod/weld tabs according to claim 1 is characterized in that: while in copper-zinc solder, increasing silicon, the first step replaces with:
The first step, preparing percentage by weight is the alloy cylinder ingot of zinc 37.5 ~ 39.99, copper 60 ~ 62, silicon 0.01 ~ 0.5
At first silicon and copper are smelted into to intermediate alloy, the weight ratio of described intermediate alloy copper and silicon is 83:17;
Remaining copper is entered to the intermediate frequency furnace fusing, when temperature reaches 1150 ~ 1300 ℃, add intermediate alloy, cover by complex salt after it fully fuses; Treat that it fully fuses, add metallic zinc after the metallic solution temperature is down to 950 ~ 1050 ℃; Fully after the fusion, by static 20 ~ 30 minutes of molten metal, pour into the cylindrical shape ingot casting of external diameter 95mm, height 355mm, endoporus 30 ~ 60mm; The cylindrical shape ingot casting is entered in resistance furnace to 450 ~ 750 ℃ of annealing 3 ~ 8 hours, be processed into external diameter 90mm, high 350mm, the cylinder ingot of diameter of bore 40 ~ 70mm is standby.
5. according to the preparation method of claim 1,2, the described high fragility copper zinc welding rod/weld tabs of 3 or 4 any one, it is characterized in that: described complex salt is formulated according to the weight ratio of 7:3 by dewatering borax and boric anhydride.
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