CN103480387A - Catalyst having hydrogenation catalysis function, and preparation method and application thereof, and hydrogenation treatment method of hydrocarbon oil - Google Patents

Catalyst having hydrogenation catalysis function, and preparation method and application thereof, and hydrogenation treatment method of hydrocarbon oil Download PDF

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CN103480387A
CN103480387A CN201210193370.2A CN201210193370A CN103480387A CN 103480387 A CN103480387 A CN 103480387A CN 201210193370 A CN201210193370 A CN 201210193370A CN 103480387 A CN103480387 A CN 103480387A
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catalyst
metallic element
carrier
weight
zirconium
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CN103480387B (en
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曾双亲
杨清河
刘滨
王奎
刘佳
任亮
聂红
李大东
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Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
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Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
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Abstract

The invention provides a catalyst having a hydrogenation catalysis function, and a preparation method and an application thereof. The catalyst comprises a carrier, and at least one group VIII metal element and at least one group VIB metal element which are loaded on the carrier. The group VIII metal element and the group VIB metal element are separately in a non-uniform distribution along the radial cross section of the catalyst, wherein along the radial cross section of the catalyst, a ratio of Cexternal<VIII> to Cmiddle<VIII> is 0.1-0.9, and a ratio of Cexternal<VIB> to Cmiddle<VIB> is 0.1-0.8. The invention also provides a hydrogenation treatment method of a hydrocarbon oil. The method includes that the hydrocarbon oil is contacted with the catalyst provided by the invention under a hydrogenation treatment condition. The catalyst provided by the invention shows higher catalytic activity, higher stability and longer service life in a hydrogenation demetalization reaction of the hydrocarbon oil (especially a heavy hydrocarbon oil). The preparation method is simple and easy to implement.

Description

Catalysts and its preparation method and application and method for hydrotreating hydrocarbon oil with hydrogenation catalyst effect
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Catalysts and its preparation method and application with hydrogenation catalyst effect, the invention still further relates to a kind of method for hydrotreating hydrocarbon oil.
Background technology
Outside sulphur removal, nitrogen, also contain metal impurities and asphalitine and the colloids such as a large amount of Ni, V, Fe, Ca in heavy oil.In the hydrotreatment process of this type of feedstock oil, these impurity can be adsorbed in catalyst surface covering activated centre or be deposited in the catalyst duct and stop up duct, thereby cause the inactivation of catalyst.Therefore, for the appearance metal ability of the catalyst of heavy-oil hydrogenation processing procedure and anti-Coking Behavior, will be directly the life cycle of catalyst etc. be exerted an influence.
US4760045 discloses a kind of heavy oil hydrogenating treatment catalyst, this catalyst contain porous refractory oxides carrier and load on this carrier at least one be selected from the active metal component with hydrogenation catalyst effect of VB family, group vib and group VIII in the periodic table of elements, wherein, along the catalyst cross section, the distribution of the concentration of described metal component meets Cr 1<Cr 2and R 1r 2, wherein, R 1and R 2represent respectively from the kernel of section to the respective point apart from r 1and r 2with the ratio of distance from the kernel of section to the outer surface, Cr 1and Cr 2represent respectively the concentration of the described metal component of described respective point.
CN101376106B discloses a kind of heavy oil hydrogenating treatment catalyst, this catalyst contain carrier and effective dose at least one be selected from group VIII and at least one and be selected from the metal component of group vib, wherein, the concentration of described group VIII metal component is non-uniform Distribution along the catalyst radial section, wherein, the concentration of outer surface metal component is 0.1-0.85 with the ratio of the concentration of central metal component; The concentration of described group vib metal component is evenly distributed along the catalyst radial section, and wherein, the concentration of outer surface metal component is 0.90-1.5 with the ratio of the concentration of central metal component.Carrier in this catalyst is aluminium oxide.
CN101462080A discloses a kind of preparation method of catalyst with non-uniform distribution of active metal component, at least one that comprises that the method that adopts dipping introduces effective dose on carrier is selected from group VIII and is selected from the metal component of group vib with at least one, wherein, described dipping comprises the steps: that (1) order will be selected from nitric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, pimelic acid, one or more acid in adipic acid be selected from least one compound containing the metal component of group vib, at least one compound and water containing the metal component of group VIII are mixed into solution, wherein, the molal quantity of described acid with containing the metal component of group vib be 0.1-0.92 containing the ratio of the compound molal quantity sum of the metal component of group VIII, it is 0.85 η-1.1 η that the consumption of described water makes the amount of final solution by volume, the water absorption rate that η is carrier, (2) the mixed solution impregnated carrier of preparing by step (1) under room temperature, dip time is 1-5 hour, (3) by the carrier after step (2) dipping in being greater than 60 ℃ to 160 ℃ dry 2-10 hour, and at 400-600 ℃ of roasting 2-5 hour.
Practical application shows, above-mentioned heavy oil hydrogenating treatment catalyst has stability in use preferably in the hydrotreatment process of heavy oil.
Yet, along with becoming, oil property heavily becomes bad, and refinery's processing crude oil more inferior of having to, therefore in the urgent need to having the hydrogenation catalyst in high catalytic activity more, better catalytic stability and longer service life.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Catalysts and its preparation method with hydrogenation catalyst effect, catalyst according to the invention demonstrates higher catalytic activity, better catalytic stability and longer service life in the hydrotreatment of hydrocarbon ils (particularly heavy hydrocarbon oil).
The present inventor finds in research process, with by containing at least one hydrated alumina, the raw material of at least one compound containing IVB family metallic element and at least one cellulose ether prepares formed body, and using described formed body carry out drying and the hydrated alumina forming matter made as carrier, will be containing the compound of group VIII metallic element and compound loaded on this carrier containing the group vib metallic element, and make group VIII metallic element and group vib metallic element be the distribution of " yolk " type (, the reactive metal concentration at catalyst center place is higher than the reactive metal concentration of catalyst outer surface), the catalyst formed thus demonstrates higher catalytic activity in the hydrotreatment of hydrocarbon ils (particularly heavy hydrocarbon oil).Completed thus the present invention.
A first aspect of the present invention provides a kind of catalyst with catalytic hydrogenation, this catalyst contains carrier and loads at least one group VIII metallic element and at least one the group vib metallic element on described carrier, described group VIII metallic element and group vib metallic element are non-uniform Distribution along this catalyst radial section separately, wherein, along this catalyst radial section
Figure BDA00001757168600031
Figure BDA00001757168600032
for the mean concentration of group VIII metallic element at the outer surface of described catalyst;
Figure BDA00001757168600034
for the mean concentration of group VIII metallic element in the center of described catalyst;
Figure BDA00001757168600035
be the mean concentration of group vib metallic element at the outer surface of described catalyst;
Figure BDA00001757168600036
be the mean concentration of group vib metallic element in the center of described catalyst;
Described carrier is hydrated alumina forming matter, by containing at least one hydrated alumina, at least one compound containing IVB family metallic element and the raw material of at least one cellulose ether, makes.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method for preparing the catalyst with hydrogenation catalyst effect, the method is included at least one group VIII metallic element of load and at least one group vib metallic element on carrier, described group VIII metallic element and group vib metallic element load on described carrier with the form of salt substantially, wherein, described carrier is hydrated alumina forming matter, by containing at least one hydrated alumina, the raw material of at least one compound containing IVB family metallic element and at least one cellulose ether prepares formed body, and by described formed body higher than 180 ℃ and not higher than the temperature of 300 ℃ under carry out drying and make.
A third aspect of the present invention provides the catalyst prepared by method of the present invention.
A fourth aspect of the present invention provides the application of catalyst according to the invention in hydrocarbon oil hydrogenation is processed.
A fifth aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method for hydrotreating hydrocarbon oil, and the method is included under hydroprocessing condition, and hydrocarbon ils is contacted with catalyst of the present invention.
Catalyst according to the invention demonstrates higher catalytic activity in the HDM reaction of hydrocarbon ils (particularly heavy hydrocarbon oil); And, using in the hydrotreatment process of catalyst of the present invention, metal trends towards being deposited on the center of catalyst, thereby catalyst according to the invention has higher appearance metal ability, and then has higher stability and longer service life.
According to the preparation method with catalyst of hydrogenation catalyst effect of the present invention, by containing at least one hydrated alumina, at least one compound containing IVB family metallic element and the raw material of at least one cellulose ether, to prepare formed body, and using described formed body higher than 180 ℃ and not higher than the temperature of 300 ℃ under carry out drying and the article shaped made as carrier, adopt the conventional method of this area can prepare the catalyst that active component (that is, group VIII metallic element and group vib metallic element) is the distribution of " yolk " type.That is, the method according to this invention is simple and easy to do.
The specific embodiment
The invention provides a kind of catalyst with hydrogenation catalyst effect, this catalyst contains carrier and loads at least one group VIII metallic element and at least one the group vib metallic element on described carrier.Term " at least one " refers to one or more.
Catalyst according to the invention is usingd group VIII metallic element and group vib metallic element as the active component with catalytic hydrogenation.
Catalyst according to the invention, the content of described group VIII metallic element and group vib metallic element can carry out suitable selection according to the concrete application scenario of catalyst.For example, in catalyst according to the invention during for the hydrotreatment of hydrocarbon ils (particularly heavy hydrocarbon oil), the total amount of described catalyst of take is benchmark, and the content of described carrier can be the 72-95 % by weight, is preferably the 77.5-93 % by weight; In oxide, the content of described group VIII metallic element can be the 1-8 % by weight, is preferably the 1.5-4.5 % by weight; In oxide, the content of described group vib metallic element can be the 3-20 % by weight, is preferably the 5-18 % by weight.
Catalyst according to the invention, described group VIII metallic element and described group vib metallic element can be this area various elements with hydrogenation catalyst effect commonly used.Preferably, described group VIII metallic element is cobalt and/or nickel, and described group vib metallic element is molybdenum and/or tungsten.
Catalyst according to the invention, described group VIII metallic element and described group vib metallic element basic (that is, mainly or in fact) load on described carrier with the form of salt.That is, described group VIII metallic element preferably loads on described carrier with the form of the salt containing the group VIII metallic element, and described group vib metallic element preferably loads on described carrier with the form of the salt containing the group vib metallic element.Also, described group VIII metallic element and described group vib metallic element preferably basic (that is, mainly or in fact) with the form of non-oxidized substance, load on described carrier.
Catalyst according to the invention, described group VIII metallic element and group vib metallic element are non-uniform Distribution along the radial section of catalyst, wherein, along this catalyst radial section,
Figure BDA00001757168600051
Figure BDA00001757168600052
Figure BDA00001757168600053
for the mean concentration of group VIII metallic element at the outer surface of described catalyst;
Figure BDA00001757168600054
for the mean concentration of group VIII metallic element in the center of described catalyst;
Figure BDA00001757168600055
be the mean concentration of group vib metallic element at the outer surface of described catalyst;
Figure BDA00001757168600056
be the mean concentration of group vib metallic element in the center of described catalyst.
Preferably, along this catalyst radial section,
Figure BDA00001757168600057
Figure BDA00001757168600058
More preferably, along this catalyst radial section,
Figure BDA00001757168600059
Figure BDA000017571686000510
In the present invention, adopt SEM and energy disperse spectroscopy (that is, SEM-EDX) to measure the distribution of metallic element along the catalyst radial section, calculate the ratio of metallic element in mean concentration with the mean concentration of center of catalyst granules outer surface.Wherein, the mean value that the mean concentration of outer surface is 20 numerical point counting rates of outer surface; (annotate: in the SEM-EDX characterization result, along carrier, radially the counting rate of every bit is mutually corresponding with this tenor for the mean value of 20 the numerical point counting rates in some place centered by the mean concentration of center, the size of counting rate reflects this tenor height, but does not represent the real content of this metal).
Catalyst according to the invention, described carrier is hydrated alumina forming matter, by containing at least one hydrated alumina, at least one compound containing IVB family metallic element and the raw material of at least one cellulose ether, makes.
In the present invention, described raw material contains at least one hydrated alumina, at least one compound and at least one cellulose ether containing IVB family metallic element, but not for example, containing peptizing agent (: aluminium colloidal sol, nitric acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, malonic acid, hydrochloric acid and trichloroacetic acid).
Catalyst according to the invention, the composition of described raw material can carry out suitable selection according to the application scenario of catalyst.Usually, the total amount of described raw material of take is benchmark, and the total content of described cellulose ether can be the 0.5-10 % by weight, is preferably the 1-8 % by weight, more preferably the 2-7 % by weight; The described total content that contains the compound of IVB family metallic element of oxide of take can be the 0.5-55 % by weight, is preferably the 1-50 % by weight, more preferably the 1.5-45 % by weight; With Al 2o 3the total content of the described hydrated alumina of meter can be the 35-98 % by weight, is preferably the 42-96 % by weight, more preferably the 48-95 % by weight.In the present invention, while calculating the total amount of described raw material, contain the compound of IVB family metallic element in oxide, hydrated alumina is with Al 2o 3meter, and described raw material does not comprise the water of introducing in described material forming process.
In the present invention, described cellulose ether refers to after the hydrogen atom at least part of hydroxyl in cellulosic molecule is replaced by one or more alkyl that the ether formed is derivative, and wherein, a plurality of described alkyl can, for identical, can be also difference.Described alkyl is selected from alkyl and the unsubstituted alkyl of replacement.Described unsubstituted alkyl (for example: C is preferably alkyl 1-C 5alkyl).In the present invention, C 1-C 5the instantiation of alkyl comprise C 1-C 5straight chained alkyl and C 3-C 5branched alkyl, can for but be not limited to: methyl, ethyl, n-pro-pyl, isopropyl, normal-butyl, isobutyl group, the tert-butyl group, n-pentyl, isopentyl and tertiary pentyl.The alkyl of described replacement for example can for the alkyl by hydroxyl or carboxyl substituted (for example: C 1-C 5the alkyl replaced by hydroxyl, C 1-C 5by the alkyl of carboxyl substituted), its instantiation can include but not limited to: methylol, ethoxy, hydroxypropyl, hydroxyl butyl, carboxymethyl, carboxyethyl and carboxylic propyl group.
The present invention is not particularly limited for the kind of described cellulose ether and for the substituent quantity of the hydrogen atom on the hydroxyl of substituted cellulose molecule, can be common various cellulose ethers.Particularly, described cellulose ether can be selected from but be not limited to: methylcellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, HEMC, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose.Preferably, described cellulose ether is selected from methylcellulose, HEMC and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
According to the present invention, described IVB family metallic element can for example can be selected from titanium, zirconium and hafnium for this area various IVB family metallic element commonly used, is preferably selected from titanium and zirconium, more preferably titanium.
According to the present invention, the described compound that contains IVB family metallic element can be the compound that contains IVB family metallic element in the various molecular structures commonly used of this area.For example, when described IVB family metallic element is selected from titanium and zirconium, the described compound that contains IVB family metallic element can be selected from basic zirconium chloride (as ZrOCl 28H 2o), zirconium acetate, zirconium sulfate, zirconium nitrate, zirconium carbonate, zirconium hydroxide, alkali formula zirconium ammonium are (as (NH 4) 2zrO (CO 3) 2nH 2o), zirconium dioxide, metatitanic acid, metatitanic acid (H 2tiO 3), the compound shown in titanium dioxide, titanium sulfate and formula I,
TiX n(OR) 4-n （I），
In formula I, X is halogen (for example: can, for chlorine, bromine and iodine, be preferably chlorine), and R is C 1-C 5alkyl, the integer that n is 0-4 (can be for example 0,1,2,3 or 4, be preferably 0 or 4).
Preferably, the described compound that contains IVB family metallic element is selected from zirconium acetate, zirconium carbonate, zirconium hydroxide, alkali formula zirconium ammonium, zirconium dioxide, metatitanic acid, metatitanic acid, titanium dioxide, titanium sulfate, titanium tetrachloride, tetra-n-butyl titanate, tetrabutyl titanate and tetraisopropyl titanate.More preferably, the described compound that contains IVB family metallic element is selected from metatitanic acid and titanium dioxide.
In the present invention, the kind of described hydrated alumina is not particularly limited, and can select for the routine of this area.Preferably, described hydrated alumina is selected from boehmite, gibbsite, amorphous hydrated aluminium oxide and boehmite.More preferably, described hydrated alumina is boehmite.
According to the present invention, described raw material can also contain at least one extrusion aid.The content of described extrusion aid can be selected for the routine of this area.Usually, the total amount of described raw material of take is benchmark, and the total content of described extrusion aid can be the 0.1-8 % by weight, is preferably the 0.5-5 % by weight.The present invention is not particularly limited for the kind of described extrusion aid, can select for the routine of this area.Preferably, described extrusion aid is starch (that is, described raw material also contains starch).Starch as extrusion aid can be the starch in various sources commonly used, this area, for example: the powder obtained through pulverizing by vegetable seeds, as the sesbania powder.
Catalyst according to the invention, described carrier can prepare formed body by containing at least one hydrated alumina, at least one compound containing IVB family metallic element and the raw material of at least one cellulose ether, and described formed body is carried out to drying and make.Can adopt this area the whole bag of tricks commonly used to prepare described formed body, be not particularly limited.For example: can be directly by least one hydrated alumina, at least one cellulose ether and at least one compound moulding containing IVB family metallic element, thereby obtain described formed body; Also can be first by least one hydrated alumina and at least one cellulose ether mixed-forming, make preform, at least one compound containing IVB family metallic element of load on this preform then, thereby obtain described formed body.
Of the present invention a kind of preferred embodiment in, the method that is prepared described formed body by described raw material comprises: at least one hydrated alumina, at least one compound and at least one cellulose ether containing IVB family metallic element are mixed with water, obtain the first mixture, and by described the first mixture moulding.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method that is prepared described formed body by described raw material comprises: at least one hydrated alumina and at least one cellulose ether are mixed with water, obtain the second mixture, and described the second mixture is successively carried out to moulding and dehydration, obtain preform, at least one compound containing IVB family metallic element of load on described preform.
In this embodiment, on described preform, at least one mode containing the compound of IVB family metallic element of load can be selected for the routine of this area, for example: can be by described preform is contacted with containing at least one solution containing the compound of IVB family metallic element, thus contain the compound loaded on described preform of IVB family metallic element by described.The mode that described preform is contacted with described solution can be selected for the routine of this area, for example: can by dipping or spray by described preform with contain at least one solution that contains the compound of IVB family metallic element and contact, thereby contain the compound loaded on described preform of IVB family metallic element by described.In the mode that adopts dipping, by described contain IVB family metallic element compound loaded on described preform the time, described dipping can be saturated dipping, also can flood for supersaturation.Described at least one solvent containing the solution of the compound of IVB family metallic element that contains can be selected for the routine of this area, is preferably water.Described at least one concentration containing the solution of the compound of IVB family metallic element that contains is not particularly limited so that load on the amount of the compound containing IVB family metallic element on described preform can meet the demands (for example previously described content) be as the criterion.
In this embodiment, the condition of described dehydration is not particularly limited, and can select for the routine of this area, can remove water, is as the criterion.Usually, described dehydration can carried out more than 60 ℃ and at lower than the temperature of 350 ℃, preferably higher than 180 ℃ and not higher than the temperature of 300 ℃ (as 190-300 ℃) under carry out, more preferably at the temperature of 200-260 ℃, carry out.The time of described dehydration can be carried out suitable selection according to the temperature of dehydration, is not particularly limited.Usually, the time of described dehydration can be 1-48 hour, is preferably 2-24 hour, more preferably 2-12 hour.
Catalyst according to the invention, be not particularly limited for the preparation of the consumption of the water of described the first mixture or described the second mixture, as long as the consumption of water can be guaranteed various components are mixed.
Catalyst according to the invention, the mode of described moulding is not particularly limited, and can adopt this area various molding modes commonly used, for example: extrusion, spraying, round as a ball, compressing tablet or their combination.Of the present invention a kind of preferred embodiment in, carry out moulding by the mode of extrusion.
Catalyst according to the invention, described carrier can have various shapes according to concrete instructions for use, for example: spherical, bar shaped, annular, cloverleaf pattern, honeycombed or butterfly.
Catalyst according to the invention, carry out dry condition by described formed body and be not particularly limited, and can select for the routine of this area, with the volatile component that can remove on described formed body, is as the criterion.For example: the temperature of described drying can be for more than 60 ℃ and lower than 350 ℃.Preferably, the temperature of described drying is higher than 180 ℃ and not higher than 300 ℃ (as 190-300 ℃).More preferably, the temperature of described drying is 200-260 ℃.According to the present invention, the time of described drying can be carried out suitable selection according to dry temperature, can make in the article shaped finally obtained volatile matter content meet instructions for use, is as the criterion.Usually, the time of described drying can be 1-48 hour, is preferably 2-24 hour, more preferably 2-12 hour.
Catalyst according to the invention, described carrier has good intensity and absorbent properties.
Particularly, the δ value of described carrier is below 10%, even can be for below 5%; Radially crushing strength (that is, Q without the carrier of water soaking 1) can be even more than 15N/mm for more than 12N/mm, can be for example 15-30N/mm.
In the present invention, the δ value, for the strength retention of evaluation carrier, is defined by following formula:
&delta; = Q 1 - Q 2 Q 1 &times; 100 % ,
Wherein, Q 1for the radially crushing strength of the carrier without water soaking, in N/mm,
Q 2for through water soaking 30 minutes and in the radially crushing strength of the carrier of 120 ℃ of dryings after 4 hours, in N/mm.
In the present invention, described radially crushing strength according to " Petrochemical Engineering Analysis method " (Science Press, nineteen ninety front page, the volumes such as Yang Cuiding) in the RIPP 25-90 of record the method stipulated measure.
According to the present invention, the water absorption rate of described carrier is 0.4-1.5, is generally 0.6-1.In the present invention, described water absorption rate refers to that dry carrier soaks the ratio of weight of the carrier of weight change value before and after 30 minutes and described drying by excessive deionized water.Concrete method of testing is: carrier to be measured, 120 ℃ of dryings 4 hours, is then sieved with 40 purpose standard screens, take the 20g oversize and (be designated as w as testing sample 1), testing sample is soaked 30 minutes by the 50g deionized water, after filtration, solid phase is drained to 5 minutes, the weight of the solid phase that then weighing drains (is designated as w 2), calculate water absorption rate with following formula:
Figure BDA00001757168600111
Catalyst according to the invention, described catalyst can also contain at least one component that can improve the catalytic performance of catalyst, for example: P elements.The present invention is not particularly limited for the content of the component of the described catalytic performance that can improve catalyst, can be that the routine of this area is selected.Usually, the total amount of catalyst of take is benchmark, and in oxide, the content of the component of the described catalytic performance that can improve catalyst can be the 0.1-10 % by weight, is preferably the 0.5-5 % by weight.
Catalyst according to the invention can adopt this area to be usually used in preparing the method preparation that active component is the distribution of " yolk " type.The present inventor finds in research process: with by containing at least one hydrated alumina, the raw material of at least one compound containing IVB family metallic element and at least one cellulose ether prepares formed body, and described formed body is carried out to drying and when on the carrier made, load is containing the compound of group vib metallic element with containing the compound of group VIII metallic element, if dry temperature is higher than 180 ℃ and not higher than 300 ℃, (for example: dipping) load above-claimed cpd on described carrier adopt the conventional method of this area, in the catalyst made, group vib metallic element and group VIII metallic element can present " yolk " type and distribute.
Thus, a second aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method for preparing described catalyst, the method is included at least one group VIII metallic element of load and at least one group vib metallic element on carrier, wherein, described carrier is hydrated alumina forming matter, by containing at least one hydrated alumina, at least one prepares formed body containing compound of IVB family metallic element and the raw material of at least one cellulose ether, and by described formed body higher than 180 ℃ and not higher than the temperature of 300 ℃ under carry out drying and make.
The method according to this invention, described group VIII metallic element and the load capacity of group vib metallic element on described carrier, so that, in the catalyst of final preparation, the content of group VIII metallic element and group vib metallic element can meet concrete instructions for use and be as the criterion.For example, in catalyst according to the invention, be used for hydrocarbon ils (particularly heavy hydrocarbon oil) while carrying out hydrotreatment, described group vib metallic element and the load capacity of group VIII metallic element on described carrier make, the total amount of the catalyst that finally prepares of take is benchmark, the content of described carrier can be the 72-95 % by weight, is preferably the 77.5-93 % by weight; In oxide, the content of described group VIII metallic element can be the 1-8 % by weight, is preferably the 1.5-4.5 % by weight; In oxide, the content of described group vib metallic element can be the 3-20 % by weight, is preferably the 5-18 % by weight.
The method according to this invention, described group VIII metallic element is preferably cobalt and/or nickel, and described group vib metallic element is preferably molybdenum and/or tungsten.
The method according to this invention, described group VIII metallic element and described group vib metallic element basic (that is, mainly or in fact) load on described carrier with the form of salt.Also, described group VIII metallic element and described group vib metallic element basic (that is, mainly or in fact) load on described carrier with the form of non-oxidized substance.
Can adopt this area variety of way commonly used that described group VIII metallic element and described group vib metallic element are for example loaded on, on described carrier, with the form of salt (that is, substantially with non-oxidized substance) substantially: dipping.Described dipping can be saturated dipping, can be also excessive dipping.The method according to this invention can load on group VIII metallic element and group vib metallic element on described carrier simultaneously, also can described group VIII metallic element and described group vib metallic element be loaded on described carrier gradation.For example: can be with containing at least one containing solution of the component of group VIII metallic element and containing at least one containing the solution gradation of the component of group vib metallic element or impregnated carrier simultaneously, thereby will the described component containing the group VIII metallic element and the component that contains the group vib metallic element load on described carrier.
In one embodiment of the invention, the mode that described group VIII metallic element and described group vib metallic element are loaded on described carrier comprises: flood described carrier with containing at least one containing salt of group VIII metallic element and at least one aqueous solution containing the compound of group vib metallic element, and the carrier that dipping is obtained carries out drying.
In another embodiment of the invention, the mode that described group VIII metallic element and described VIB family metallic element are loaded on described carrier comprises: with containing at least one aqueous solution containing the salt of group VIII metallic element, flood described carrier, and the carrier that dipping is obtained carries out drying, with containing at least one aqueous solution dip loading containing the compound of group vib metallic element, the carrier of the described salt containing the group VIII metallic element is arranged, and the carrier that dipping is obtained carries out drying.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the mode that described group VIII metallic element and described group vib metallic element are loaded on described carrier comprises: with containing at least one aqueous solution containing the compound of group vib metallic element, flood described carrier, and the carrier that dipping is obtained carries out drying, with containing at least one aqueous solution dip loading containing the salt of group VIII metallic element, the described carrier that contains the compound of group vib metallic element is arranged, and the carrier that dipping is obtained carries out drying.
According to the present invention, the described salt containing the group VIII metallic element can be this area various water soluble salts containing the group VIII metallic element commonly used, and for example: the described salt containing the group VIII metallic element can be selected from the water-soluble group VIII slaine of water-soluble group VIII slaine, organic acid of inorganic acid and contact the water soluble salt of formation with acid (as phosphoric acid) and/or alkali (as ammoniacal liquor) containing the water-insoluble compound of group VIII metallic element in water.
Particularly, the described salt containing the group VIII metallic element can be selected from but be not limited to: cobalt nitrate, cobalt acetate, basic cobaltous carbonate contacts with acid (as phosphoric acid) and/or alkali (as ammoniacal liquor) in water and the water soluble salt, cobalt chloride, aqueous cobalt complex compound, nickel nitrate, nickel acetate, the basic nickel carbonate that form contact water soluble salt, nickel chloride and the water-soluble nickel complex of formation in water with sour (as phosphoric acid) and/or alkali (as ammoniacal liquor).Described aqueous cobalt complex compound can be for example Cobalt Edetate; Described water-soluble nickel complex can be for example citric acid nickel.Preferably, the described salt containing the group VIII metallic element is selected from cobalt nitrate, basic cobaltous carbonate and contact the water soluble salt, the basic nickel carbonate that form with acid (as phosphoric acid) and/or alkali (as ammoniacal liquor) contact water soluble salt and the nickel nitrate of formation with acid (as phosphoric acid) and/or alkali (as ammoniacal liquor) in water in water.
According to the present invention, the described kind that contains the compound of group vib metallic element is not particularly limited, can be the various water soluble compounds that contain the group vib metallic element commonly used of this area, the oxide that for example can be selected from water-soluble group vib slaine, the water-soluble group vib slaine of organic acid, the heteropoly acid containing the group vib metallic element, the heteropolyacid salt that contains the group vib metallic element and the group vib metal of inorganic acid contacts with acid (as phosphoric acid) or alkali the water soluble compound formed in water.
Particularly, the described compound that contains the group vib metallic element can be selected from the water soluble salt of molybdic acid, water soluble salt, ammonium tungstate, ammonium metatungstate, ammonium paratungstate, ethyl ammonium metatungstate, phosphotungstic acid, phosphomolybdic acid, phosphotungstic acid nickel, phosphotungstic acid cobalt, silico-tungstic acid nickel, silico-tungstic acid cobalt, phosphomolybdic acid nickel, phosphomolybdic acid cobalt, P-Mo-Wo acid nickel, P-Mo-Wo acid cobalt, silicomolybdic acid nickel, silicomolybdic acid cobalt, silicon molybdenum wolframic acid nickel, silicon molybdenum cobaltous tungstate and the molybdenum oxide of para-molybdic acid contacts the water soluble compound formed in water with phosphoric acid.In the present invention, the water soluble salt of described molybdic acid comprises water-soluble metal salt and the ammonium molybdate of molybdic acid; The water soluble compound of described para-molybdic acid comprises water-soluble metal salt and the ammonium paramolybdate of para-molybdic acid.Preferably, the described salt that contains the group vib metallic element is selected from ammonium molybdate, ammonium paramolybdate, ammonium metatungstate, ammonium tungstate and molybdenum oxide and contacts the water soluble compound formed with phosphoric acid in water.
The method according to this invention, the present invention also is not particularly limited for the concentration of the described aqueous solution, as long as can make in the catalyst of final preparation, the content of group VIII metallic element and group vib metallic element meets instructions for use (for example previously described requirement) and gets final product.
The method according to this invention, carrier dipping obtained under can the condition commonly used in this area carries out drying.Particularly, the condition of described drying comprises: temperature can be 100-200 ℃, is preferably 120-150 ℃; Time can be 1-15 hour, is preferably 3-10 hour.
The method according to this invention, described carrier by containing at least one hydrated alumina, at least one prepares formed body containing compound of IVB family metallic element and the raw material of at least one cellulose ether, and by described formed body higher than 180 ℃ and not higher than the temperature of 300 ℃ under carry out drying and make.Preferably, the temperature of described drying is 200-260 ℃.
The method according to this invention, the time of described drying can be carried out suitable selection according to dry temperature, with the volatile ingredient that can remove on carrier, is as the criterion.For example, the time of described drying can be 1-48 hour, is preferably 2-24 hour, more preferably 2-12 hour.
The method according to this invention, described raw material contains at least one hydrated alumina, at least one compound and at least one cellulose ether containing IVB family metallic element, but not for example, containing peptizing agent (: aluminium colloidal sol, nitric acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, malonic acid, hydrochloric acid and trichloroacetic acid).
The method according to this invention, the composition of described raw material can carry out suitable selection according to the application scenario of catalyst.Usually, the total amount of described raw material of take is benchmark, and the total content of described cellulose ether can be the 0.5-10 % by weight, is preferably the 1-8 % by weight, more preferably the 2-7 % by weight; The described total content that contains the compound of IVB family metallic element of oxide of take can be the 0.5-55 % by weight, is preferably the 1-50 % by weight, more preferably the 1.5-45 % by weight; With Al 2o 3the total content of the described hydrated alumina of meter can be the 35-98 % by weight, is preferably the 42-96 % by weight, more preferably the 48-95 % by weight.
The method according to this invention, described cellulose ether, describedly contain the compound of IVB family metallic element and the kind of described hydrated alumina has been described in detail above, do not repeat them here.
The method according to this invention, described raw material can also contain at least one extrusion aid.The content of described extrusion aid can be selected for the routine of this area.Usually, the total amount of described raw material of take is benchmark, and the total content of described extrusion aid can be the 0.1-8 % by weight, is preferably the 0.5-5 % by weight.The kind of described extrusion aid, with described identical above, does not repeat them here.
The method according to this invention be by will be by containing at least one hydrated alumina, at least one prepare formed body containing compound of IVB family metallic element and the raw material of at least one cellulose ether, and described formed body be carried out to drying and the article shaped for preparing is carried out Kaolinite Preparation of Catalyst as carrier.Can adopt this area the whole bag of tricks commonly used to prepare described formed body, be not particularly limited.For example: can be directly by least one hydrated alumina, at least one cellulose ether and at least one compound moulding containing IVB family metallic element, thereby obtain described formed body; Also can be first by least one hydrated alumina and at least one cellulose ether mixed-forming, make preform, at least one compound containing IVB family metallic element of load on this preform then, thereby obtain described formed body.
Of the present invention a kind of preferred embodiment in, the method that is prepared described formed body by described raw material comprises: at least one hydrated alumina, at least one compound and at least one cellulose ether containing IVB family metallic element are mixed with water, obtain the first mixture, and by described the first mixture moulding.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method that is prepared described formed body by described raw material comprises: at least one hydrated alumina and at least one cellulose ether are mixed with water, obtain the second mixture, and described the second mixture is successively carried out to moulding and dehydration, obtain preform, at least one compound containing IVB family metallic element of load on described preform.
In this embodiment, can adopt this area the whole bag of tricks commonly used to contain the compound loaded on described preform of IVB family metallic element by described, for example: can by described preform with contain at least one solution containing the compound of IVB family metallic element and contact, thereby contain the compound loaded on described carrier of IVB family metallic element by described.By described preform, with containing the mode that at least one solution containing the compound of IVB family metallic element contact, can be the routine selection of this area, for example: can by dipping or spray by described preform with contain at least one solution that contains the compound of IVB family metallic element and contact, thereby contain the compound loaded on described preform of IVB family metallic element by described.In the mode that adopts dipping, by described contain IVB family metallic element compound loaded on described preform the time, described dipping can be saturated dipping, also can flood for supersaturation.Described at least one solvent containing the solution of the compound of IVB family metallic element that contains can be selected for the routine of this area, is preferably water.Described at least one concentration containing the solution of the compound of IVB family metallic element that contains is not particularly limited so that load on the amount of the compound containing IVB family metallic element on described preform can meet the demands (for example previously described content) be as the criterion.
In this embodiment, the condition of described dehydration is not particularly limited, and can select for the routine of this area, can remove water, is as the criterion.Usually, described dehydration can higher than 180 ℃ and not higher than the temperature of 300 ℃ (as 190-300 ℃) under carry out, preferably at the temperature of 200-260 ℃, carry out.The time of described dehydration can be carried out suitable selection according to the temperature of dehydration, is not particularly limited.Usually, the time of described dehydration can be 1-48 hour, is preferably 2-24 hour, more preferably 2-12 hour.
According to the present invention, for the preparation of the consumption of the water of described the first mixture or described the second mixture, be not particularly limited, as long as the consumption of water can be guaranteed various components are mixed.
The method according to this invention, the mode of described moulding is not particularly limited, and can adopt this area various molding modes commonly used, for example: extrusion, spraying, round as a ball, compressing tablet or their combination.Of the present invention a kind of preferred embodiment in, carry out moulding by the mode of extrusion.
The method according to this invention, described carrier can have various shapes according to concrete instructions for use, for example: spherical, bar shaped, annular, cloverleaf pattern, honeycombed or butterfly.
The method according to this invention, described carrier has good absorbent properties, high intensity and strength retention.Usually, the δ value of described carrier is below 10%, even can be for below 5%; Radially crushing strength (that is, Q without the carrier of water soaking 1) can be even more than 15N/mm for more than 12N/mm, can be for example 15-30N/mm; The water absorption rate of described carrier is 0.4-1.5, is generally 0.6-1.
The method according to this invention, for example can also comprise, to introducing the component of the catalytic performance of at least one catalyst that can improve final preparation on described carrier: P elements.Can, by before the described group VIII metallic element of load and group vib metallic element, on described carrier, introduce described component; Also can, in the described group VIII metallic element of load and group vib metallic element, described component be loaded on described carrier.The introduction volume of the component of the described performance that can improve catalyst can be that the routine of this area is selected.Usually, the introduction volume of the component of the described performance that can improve catalyst makes in the catalyst of final preparation, and in oxide, the content of the component of the described performance that can improve catalyst can be the 0.1-10 % by weight, is preferably the 0.5-5 % by weight.
In the prepared according to the methods of the invention catalyst, group vib metallic element and group VIII metallic element with hydrogenation catalyst effect present the distribution of " yolk " type, show higher activity in the hydrotreatment of hydrocarbon ils (particularly heavy hydrocarbon oil).
Thus, a third aspect of the present invention provides a kind of catalyst prepared by method of the present invention.
The catalyst according to the present invention, described group VIII metallic element and group vib metallic element are non-uniform Distribution along the radial section of catalyst, wherein, along this catalyst radial section,
Figure BDA00001757168600171
Figure BDA00001757168600181
Figure BDA00001757168600182
for the mean concentration of group VIII metallic element at the outer surface of described catalyst;
Figure BDA00001757168600183
for the mean concentration of group VIII metallic element in the center of described catalyst;
Figure BDA00001757168600184
be the mean concentration of group vib metallic element at the outer surface of described catalyst;
Figure BDA00001757168600185
be the mean concentration of group vib metallic element in the center of described catalyst.
Preferably, along this catalyst radial section,
Figure BDA00001757168600187
More preferably, along this catalyst radial section,
Figure BDA00001757168600188
Figure BDA00001757168600189
Catalyst according to the invention demonstrates higher catalytic activity, better stability and longer service life in the hydrotreatment of hydrocarbon ils (particularly heavy hydrocarbon oil).
Thus, a fourth aspect of the present invention also provides the application of a kind of catalyst according to the invention in hydrocarbon oil hydrogenation is processed.
A fifth aspect of the present invention also provides a kind of method for hydrotreating hydrocarbon oil, and the method is included under hydroprocessing condition, and hydrocarbon ils is contacted with catalyst of the present invention.
In the present invention, described hydrocarbon ils can carry out the hydrocarbon raw material of hydrotreatment for various needs, be preferably the heavier hydrocarbon feeds that various needs carry out the HDM processing.Particularly, described hydrocarbon ils can be crude oil, reduced crude and decompression residuum.
Method for hydrotreating hydrocarbon oil according to the present invention is by hydrocarbon ils is contacted with catalyst provided by the invention, and with higher efficiency, hydrocarbon ils is carried out to hydrotreatment, all the other conditions for hydrotreatment are not particularly limited, can, according to the character of pending hydrocarbon ils, according to the conventional knowledge of this area, carry out suitable selection.For example, when described hydrocarbon ils is heavy hydrocarbon oil, described hydroprocessing condition can comprise: temperature can be 300-450 ℃, is preferably 330-400 ℃; The hydrogen dividing potential drop can be 5-20MPa, is preferably 6-18MPa; The volume space velocity of hydrocarbon ils can be 0.1-3 hour -1, be preferably 0.15-2 hour -1; Hydrogen to oil volume ratio can be 200-2500, is preferably 300-2000.
According to method for hydrotreating hydrocarbon oil of the present invention, described catalyst, before using, can carry out presulfurization under the normal condition of this area.The condition of presulfurization for example can be carried out presulfurization with sulphur, hydrogen sulfide or sulfur-bearing raw material under existing at hydrogen at the temperature of 140-370 ℃, and described presulfurization can be carried out outside reactor also can original position sulfuration in reactor.
Describe the present invention in detail below in conjunction with embodiment and Comparative Examples.
In following examples and Comparative Examples, adopt the method for stipulating in RIPP 25-90 to measure the radially crushing strength of carrier.
In following examples and Comparative Examples, adopt following methods to measure the δ value of carrier: the radially crushing strength that the method for stipulating in employing RIPP 25-90 is measured without the carrier of water soaking (is designated as Q 1); Carrier is placed in to the 50g deionized water, soaks 30 minutes, then filter, by the solid that obtains, 120 ℃ of dryings 4 hours, the radially crushing strength of measuring dry solid according to the method for stipulating in RIPP 25-90 (was designated as Q 2), adopt following formula to calculate the δ value,
&delta; = Q 1 - Q 2 Q 1 &times; 100 % ,
In following examples and Comparative Examples, adopt following methods to measure the water absorption rate of carrier: carrier to be measured, 120 ℃ of dryings 4 hours, then to be sieved with 40 purpose standard screens, take the 20g oversize and (be designated as w as testing sample 1), testing sample is soaked 30 minutes by the 50g deionized water, after filtration, solid phase is drained to 5 minutes, the weight of the solid phase that then weighing drains (is designated as w 2), calculate water absorption rate with following formula:
Figure BDA00001757168600192
In following examples and Comparative Examples, contents on dry basis was measured testing sample 600 ℃ of roastings 4 hours.In following examples and Comparative Examples, by the x ray fluorescence spectrometry, (that is, XRF) measure the composition of catalyst.
In following examples and Comparative Examples, adopt SEM-EDX to measure the distribution of metallic element along the catalyst radial section, calculate the ratio of metallic element in mean concentration with the mean concentration of center of catalyst granules outer surface.Wherein, the mean value that the mean concentration of outer surface is 20 numerical point counting rates of outer surface; (annotate: in the SEM-EDX characterization result, along carrier, radially the counting rate of every bit is mutually corresponding with this tenor for the mean value of 20 the numerical point counting rates in some place centered by the mean concentration of center, the size of counting rate reflects this tenor height, but does not represent the real content of this metal).
Embodiment 1-11 is for illustrating Catalysts and its preparation method of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) by 100.0g boehmite powder (purchased from Sinopec catalyst Chang Ling branch company, contents on dry basis is 69.5 % by weight), 4.0g methylcellulose (purchased from sea, Zhejiang Shen chemical industry Co., Ltd), 3.0g sesbania powder, 20.2g metatitanic acid slurries (with TiO 2the meter, Ti content is 40 % by weight) and the 80.0g deionized water mix.The mixture obtained is sent in extruder and extruded, obtain wet bar.The wet bar of extruding is placed in to baking oven, 190 ℃ of dryings 12 hours, obtains the carrier in catalyst of the present invention.
(2) 0.47g basic nickel carbonate (NiO content is 51 % by weight), 1.2g molybdenum oxide and 0.23g phosphoric acid are dissolved in the water, are mixed with 60mL solution; Carrier prepared by the solution impregnation 20.1g step (1) obtained (diameter is 1.1mm, and particle length is 2-5mm, and contents on dry basis is 73.5 % by weight), dip time is 4 hours.After filtration, the solid product that obtains, in 120 ℃ of dryings 4 hours, is obtained to catalyst according to the invention B1.
Comparative Examples 1
(1) adopt the method identical with embodiment 1 to prepare article shaped, different, do not use methylcellulose, but use the 2.5mL red fuming nitric acid (RFNA), and the wet bar of extruding is placed in to baking oven 190 ℃ of dryings after 12 hours, then 600 ℃ of roastings 4 hours, thereby obtain carrier.
(2) 4.71g basic nickel carbonate (NiO content is 51 % by weight), 12.0g molybdenum oxide and 2.24g phosphoric acid are dissolved in the water, are mixed with 60mL solution.Carrier prepared by the solution impregnation 14.3g step (1) obtained (diameter is 1.1mm, and particle length is 2-5mm), dip time is 1 hour.After filtration, the solid product that obtains, in 120 ℃ of dryings 4 hours, is obtained to catalyst A 1.
Comparative Examples 2
(1) adopt the method identical with Comparative Examples 1 to prepare carrier, different, at 600 ℃, do not carry out roasting, thereby obtain carrier.
(2) adopt the method Kaolinite Preparation of Catalyst identical with Comparative Examples 1, different, carrier is carrier prepared by Comparative Examples 2 steps (1), and in dipping process, the phenomenon of dissolving and structural breakdown appears in carrier, and the catalyst A 2 obtained can't be used as preformed catalyst.
Comparative Examples 3
Adopt the method Kaolinite Preparation of Catalyst identical with embodiment 1, different, in step (1), the wet bar of extruding is placed in to baking oven, at the temperature of 175 ℃, drying is 12 hours, thereby obtains carrier, and the catalyst obtained is designated as A3.
Comparative Examples 4
Adopt the method Kaolinite Preparation of Catalyst identical with embodiment 1, different, in step (1), the wet bar of extruding after 12 hours, then 500 ℃ of roastings 3 hours, thereby is obtained to carrier 190 ℃ of dryings, the catalyst obtained is designated as A4.
Comparative Examples 5
Adopt the method Kaolinite Preparation of Catalyst identical with embodiment 1, different, in step (2), the solid product obtained after 4 hours, then 500 ℃ of roastings 3 hours, thereby is obtained to catalyst A 5 in 120 ℃ of dryings.
Embodiment 2
(1) in the retort of a 2L, take and the stream mode add aluminum sulfate solution and the sodium aluminate solution (Al that 2000mL concentration is 48g/L 2o 3content is 200g/L, and the causticity coefficient is 1.58) carry out precipitation reaction, reaction temperature is 50 ℃, and the pH value is 6.0, and reaction time is 15 minutes; The slurries that obtain are filtered with vacuum filter, after to be filtered completing, on filter cake, supplement and add 20L deionized water (temperature is 40 ± 5 ℃) flush cake approximately 60 minutes.Filter cake after washing is joined to the 1.5L deionized water for stirring and become slurries, slurries are carried out to drying with being pumped into spray dryer, control the outlet temperature of spray dryer within the scope of 100-110 ℃, the dry materials time is 2 minutes, obtain hydrated alumina, wherein, Al 2o 3content is 63 % by weight, through XRD analysis, is defined as amorphous state.
(2) the amorphous hydrated aluminium oxide prepared by 50.0g boehmite powder (purchased from Sinopec catalyst Chang Ling branch company, contents on dry basis is 69.5 % by weight), 50.0g step (1), 2.0g methylcellulose (purchased from sea, Zhejiang Shen chemical industry Co., Ltd), 3.0g HEMC (purchased from Shanghai Hui Guang Fine Chemical Co., Ltd), 5.0g metatitanic acid slurries are (with TiO 2the meter, Ti content is 40 % by weight) and the 90g deionized water mix.The mixture obtained is sent in extruder and extruded, obtain wet bar.The wet bar obtained is placed in to baking oven, 220 ℃ of dryings 6 hours, obtains the carrier in catalyst of the present invention.
(3) 1.18g basic nickel carbonate (NiO content is 51 % by weight), 3.00g molybdenum oxide and 0.65g phosphoric acid are dissolved in the water, are mixed with 60mL solution.To obtain carrier (diameter is 1.1mm, and particle length is 2-5mm, and contents on dry basis is 70.5 % by weight) prepared by solution impregnation 20.3g step (2), dip time is 4 hours.After filtration, the solid that obtains, in 120 ℃ of dryings 4 hours, is obtained to catalyst B 2 of the present invention.
Embodiment 3
(1) by the 60.0g boehmite (purchased from Sinopec catalyst Chang Ling branch company, contents on dry basis is 69.5 % by weight), 40.0g gibbsite (purchased from Pingguo Aluminium Industry Co., Guangxi, contents on dry basis is 64.5 % by weight), 1.0g methylcellulose (purchased from sea, Zhejiang Shen chemical industry Co., Ltd), 2.0g hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (purchased from sea, Zhejiang Shen chemical industry Co., Ltd), 3.0g sesbania powder, 30.0g titanium dioxide and the 120g deionized water and stirring even.The mixture obtained is sent in extruder and extruded, obtain wet bar.The wet bar obtained is placed in to baking oven, 200 ℃ of dryings 8 hours, obtains the carrier in catalyst of the present invention.
(2) 0.34g basic cobaltous carbonate (CoO content is 70 % by weight), 1.2g molybdenum oxide and 0.23g phosphoric acid are dissolved in the water, are mixed with 60mL solution.Carrier prepared by the solution impregnation 19.1g step (1) obtained (diameter is 1.1mm, and particle length is 2-5mm, and contents on dry basis is 74.8 % by weight), dip time is 1 hour.After filtration, by the carrier that obtains in 120 ℃ of dryings 4 hours, thereby obtain catalyst according to the invention B3.
Embodiment 4
(1) 100.0g boehmite SB powder (purchased from Sasol company, contents on dry basis is 75.0 % by weight), 3.0g HEMC (purchased from Shanghai Hui Guang Fine Chemical Co., Ltd), 75.0g titanium dioxide and 150g deionized water and stirring is even.The mixture obtained is sent in extruder and extruded, obtain wet bar.The wet bar obtained is placed in to baking oven, 260 ℃ of dryings 4 hours, obtains the carrier in catalyst of the present invention.
(2) by 2.71g nickel nitrate (Ni (NO 3) 26H2O) with 4.11g ammonium metatungstate ((NH 4) 6w 7o 244H 2o) be dissolved in the water, be mixed with 12.8mL solution.Carrier prepared by the solution impregnation 17.6g step (1) obtained (diameter is 1.1mm, and particle length is 2-5mm, and contents on dry basis is 79.1 % by weight), dip time is 1 hour.By the solid product that obtains in 160 ℃ of dryings 2 hours, thereby obtain catalyst according to the invention B4.
Comparative Examples 6
Adopt the method identical with embodiment 4 to prepare carrier, different, in step (1), the wet bar obtained is placed in to baking oven, at the temperature of 330 ℃, drying is 2 hours, thereby obtains carrier, and then obtains catalyst A 6.
Embodiment 5
(1) 100.0g boehmite SB powder (purchased from Sasol company, contents on dry basis is 75.0 % by weight), 3.0g HEMC (purchased from Shanghai Hui Guang Fine Chemical Co., Ltd), 2.0g hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (purchased from Shanghai Hui Guang Fine Chemical Co., Ltd), 20.0g titanium dioxide are mixed with the 115g deionized water.The mixture obtained is sent in extruder and extruded, obtain wet bar.The wet bar obtained is placed in to baking oven, 290 ℃ of dryings 4 hours, obtains the carrier in catalyst according to the invention.
(2) 0.78g basic nickel carbonate (NiO content is 51 % by weight), 2.0g molybdenum oxide and 0.38g phosphoric acid are dissolved in the water, are mixed with 60mL solution.Carrier prepared by the solution impregnation 19.5g step (1) obtained (diameter is 1.1mm, and particle length is 2-5mm, and contents on dry basis is 74.5 % by weight), dip time is 4 hours.After filtration, the solid that obtains, in 120 ℃ of dryings 4 hours, is obtained to catalyst B 5 of the present invention.
Embodiment 6
(1) by 100.0g boehmite (purchased from Yantai, Shandong permanent brightness chemical industry Co., Ltd, contents on dry basis is 71.0 % by weight), 5.0g hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (purchased from Shanghai Hui Guang Fine Chemical Co., Ltd), 3.0g sesbania powder, 70.0g metatitanic acid slurries (with TiO 2meter, Ti content is 40 % by weight) with the 55g deionized water, mix.The mixture obtained is sent in extruder and extruded, obtain wet bar.The wet bar that obtains, in baking oven, 210 ℃ of dryings 4 hours, is obtained to the carrier in catalyst of the present invention.
(2) 1.76g basic nickel carbonate (NiO content is 51 % by weight), 4.50g molybdenum oxide and 0.84g phosphoric acid are dissolved in the water, are mixed with 60mL solution.The carrier that the solution impregnation 18.8g step (1) obtained is obtained (diameter is 1.1mm, and particle length is 2-5mm, and contents on dry basis is 76.2 % by weight), dip time is 4 hours.After filtration, by the solid product that obtains in 150 ℃ of dryings 3 hours, thereby obtain catalyst according to the invention B6.
Embodiment 7
Adopt the method Kaolinite Preparation of Catalyst identical with embodiment 2, different is, in step (1), the content of methylcellulose is 2.0g, the content of HEMC is 5.0g, thereby obtain carrier in catalyst according to the invention, (diameter is 1.1mm, and particle length is 2-5mm, contents on dry basis is 73.3 % by weight), and then obtain catalyst according to the invention B7.
Embodiment 8
(1) 100.0g boehmite powder (purchased from Sinopec catalyst Chang Ling branch company, contents on dry basis is 69.5 % by weight), 4.0g methylcellulose (purchased from Shanghai Hui Guang Fine Chemical Co., Ltd) and 3.0g sesbania powder are mixed.The mixture obtained is sent in extruder and extruded, obtain wet bar.The wet bar of extruding is placed in to baking oven at the temperature of 185 ℃ dry 12 hours.Take the shaping and drying bar of 50g, put into by the 12.0g tetra-n-butyl titanate and be dissolved in the 100mL solution that deionized water is prepared, soak after 4 hours and to filter, 220 ℃ of dryings 6 hours, obtain the carrier in catalyst according to the invention.
(2) adopt the method Kaolinite Preparation of Catalyst identical with embodiment 1, different, carrier is that (diameter is 1.1mm to the carrier for preparing of 18.9g embodiment 8 steps (1), and particle length is 2-5mm, contents on dry basis is 75.5 % by weight), thus catalyst according to the invention B8 obtained.
Embodiment 9
(1) by 100.0g boehmite powder (purchased from Sinopec catalyst Chang Ling branch company, contents on dry basis is 69.5 % by weight), 4.0g methylcellulose (purchased from Shanghai Hui Guang Fine Chemical Co., Ltd), 3.0g sesbania powder, 25.0g zirconium hydroxide (with ZrO 2the meter, zirconium content is 35 % by weight) and the 85g deionized water mix.The mixture obtained is sent in extruder and extruded, obtain wet bar.The wet bar of extruding is placed in to baking oven, 200 ℃ of dryings 6 hours, obtains the carrier in catalyst according to the invention.
(2) 0.47g basic nickel carbonate (NiO content is 51 % by weight), 1.20g molybdenum oxide and 0.23g phosphoric acid are dissolved in the water, are mixed with 60mL solution; Carrier prepared by the solution impregnation 19.2g step (1) obtained (diameter is 1.1mm, and particle length is 2-5mm, and contents on dry basis is 74.3 % by weight), dip time is 4 hours.After filtration, the solid product that obtains, in 150 ℃ of dryings 3 hours, is obtained to catalyst according to the invention B9.
Comparative Examples 7
(1) adopt the method identical with embodiment 9 to prepare carrier, different, do not use methylcellulose, but use the 2.5mL red fuming nitric acid (RFNA), and the wet bar of extruding is placed in to baking oven, 200 ℃ of dryings 6 hours, then 600 ℃ of roastings 4 hours, thereby obtain carrier.
(2) 4.71g basic nickel carbonate (NiO content is 51 % by weight), 12.00g molybdenum oxide and 2.24g phosphoric acid are dissolved in the water, are mixed with 60mL solution.Carrier prepared by the solution impregnation 14.3g step (1) obtained (diameter is 1.1mm, and particle length is 2-5mm), dip time is 1 hour.After filtration, the solid product that obtains, in 150 ℃ of dryings 3 hours, is obtained to catalyst A 7.
Embodiment 10
(1) adopt the method identical with embodiment 2 to prepare amorphous hydrated aluminium oxide.
(2) the amorphous hydrated aluminium oxide prepared by 50.0g boehmite (purchased from Sinopec catalyst Chang Ling branch company, contents on dry basis is 69.5 % by weight), 50.0g step (1), 2.0g methylcellulose (purchased from sea, Zhejiang Shen chemical industry Co., Ltd), 3.0g HEMC (purchased from Shanghai Hui Guang Fine Chemical Co., Ltd), 5.0g zirconium hydroxide are (with ZrO 2the meter, zirconium content is 35 % by weight) and the 90g deionized water mix.The mixture obtained is sent in extruder and extruded, obtain wet bar.The wet bar that obtains, in baking oven, 220 ℃ of dryings 6 hours, is obtained to the carrier in catalyst of the present invention.
(3) 1.18g basic nickel carbonate (NiO content is 51 % by weight), 3.00g molybdenum oxide and 0.65g phosphoric acid are dissolved in the water, are mixed with 60mL solution.To obtain carrier (diameter is 1.1mm, and particle length is 2-5mm, and contents on dry basis is 70.5 % by weight) prepared by solution impregnation 20.3g step (2), dip time is 4 hours.After filtration, the solid that obtains, in 140 ℃ of dryings 2 hours, is obtained to catalyst B 10.
Embodiment 11
(1) 100.0g boehmite SB powder (purchased from Sasol company, contents on dry basis is 75.0 % by weight), 3.0g HEMC (purchased from Shanghai Hui Guang Fine Chemical Co., Ltd), 2.0g hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (purchased from Shanghai Hui Guang Fine Chemical Co., Ltd), 3.0g sesbania powder, 18.0g zirconium dioxide are mixed with the 115g deionized water.The mixture obtained is sent in extruder and extruded, obtain wet bar.The wet bar obtained is placed in to baking oven, 250 ℃ of dryings 4 hours, obtains the carrier in catalyst according to the invention.
(2) 0.78g basic nickel carbonate (NiO content is 51 % by weight), 2.00g molybdenum oxide and 0.38g phosphoric acid are dissolved in the water, are mixed with 60mL solution.Carrier prepared by the solution impregnation 19.5g step (1) obtained (diameter is 1.1mm, and particle length is 2-5mm, and contents on dry basis is 73.4 % by weight), dip time is 4 hours.After filtration, by the solid that obtains in 120 ℃ of dryings 4 hours, thereby obtain catalyst according to the invention B11.
Table 1 has been listed radially crushing strength, water absorption rate and the δ value of carrier prepared by embodiment 1-11 and Comparative Examples 1-7.
Table 1
Numbering Crushing strength (N/mm) Water absorption rate δ value (%)
Embodiment 1 23.3 0.87 2.9
Comparative Examples 1 25.8 0.85 3.1
Comparative Examples 2 16.9 0.67 62.4
Comparative Examples 3 22.8 0.86 3.1
Comparative Examples 4 25.3 0.85 3.2
Comparative Examples 5 23.3 0.87 2.9
Embodiment 2 19.8 0.71 2.8
Embodiment 3 16.2 0.63 3.6
Embodiment 4 21.6 0.73 2.8
Comparative Examples 6 23.8 0.75 3.4
Embodiment 5 23.8 0.68 2.6
Embodiment 6 21.6 0.79 2.7
Embodiment 7 24.1 0.83 3.3
Embodiment 8 22.7 0.75 2.8
Embodiment 9 24.2 0.84 3.0
Comparative Examples 7 24.3 0.83 4.2
Embodiment 10 18.9 0.71 2.7
Embodiment 11 19.5 0.68 2.7
The result of table 1 shows, the carrier in catalyst according to the invention has good strength retention, even higher crushing strength still after soaking in water.
Embodiment 12-22 is for illustrating catalyst of the present invention and application and method for hydrotreating hydrocarbon oil.
Embodiment 12-22
The decompression residuum of take is estimated as catalyst prepared embodiment 1-11 respectively by raw material, and the feedstock oil character of decompression residuum is listed in table 2.Evaluation is carried out in magnetic agitation autoclave device.
Table 2
Feedstock oil Subtract slag in sand
Density (20 ℃)/gcm -3 1.04
Carbon residue/wt% 25.68
Sulfur content/wt% 7.23
Nickel content/wppm 73.9
Content of vanadium/wppm 183.4
[0181]reaction condition comprises: agent oil quality ratio is 0.05, and reaction temperature is 400 ℃, and the reaction initial pressure of hydrogen is 8MPa, reacts sample analysis after 6 hours.Nickel in the oil that adopts plasma emission spectrum (AES/ICP) method assaying reaction to generate, the content of vanadium.Calculate demetallization per by following formula, result is listed in table 3:
Figure BDA00001757168600291
Adopt SEM-EDX to characterize the distribution of vanadium on the catalyst radial section deposited on reacted catalyst, and calculate the ratio (V of mean concentration of the center of the mean concentration of vanadium on the outer surface of catalyst and catalyst outer surface/ V center), result is listed in table 3.
Comparative Examples 8-13
Adopt the performance with the catalyst prepared in method evaluation Comparative Examples 1 identical in embodiment 12-22 and 3-7, result is listed in table 3.
Table 3 has been listed the composition, metal component of the catalyst prepared in embodiment 1-11 and Comparative Examples 1 and 3-7 distributed data and the demetallization per along the catalyst radial section.
From the results shown in Table 3, catalyst according to the invention has higher HDM activity.And, when catalyst according to the invention is used for the HDM reaction of heavy hydrocarbon oil, the metal removed trends towards in the center of catalyst deposition, make catalyst according to the invention there is higher appearance metal ability, thereby catalyst according to the invention have better stability and longer service life.
Table 3

Claims (28)

1. the catalyst with hydrogenation catalyst effect, this catalyst contains carrier and loads at least one group VIII metallic element and at least one the group vib metallic element on described carrier, described group VIII metallic element and group vib metallic element are non-uniform Distribution along this catalyst radial section separately, wherein, along this catalyst radial section
Figure FDA00001757168500011
Figure FDA00001757168500012
Figure FDA00001757168500013
for the mean concentration of group VIII metallic element at the outer surface of described catalyst;
Figure FDA00001757168500014
for the mean concentration of group VIII metallic element in the center of described catalyst;
Figure FDA00001757168500015
be the mean concentration of group vib metallic element at the outer surface of described catalyst;
Figure FDA00001757168500016
be the mean concentration of group vib metallic element in the center of described catalyst;
Described carrier is hydrated alumina forming matter, by containing at least one hydrated alumina, at least one compound containing IVB family metallic element and the raw material of at least one cellulose ether, makes.
2. catalyst according to claim 1, wherein, along this catalyst radial section,
Figure FDA00001757168500017
Figure FDA00001757168500018
3. catalyst according to claim 1, wherein, the total amount of catalyst of take is benchmark, the content of described carrier is the 72-95 % by weight, in oxide, the content of described group VIII metallic element is the 1-8 % by weight, and the content of described group vib metallic element is the 3-20 % by weight.
4. catalyst according to claim 1, wherein, described carrier is to prepare formed body by containing at least one hydrated alumina, at least one compound containing IVB family metallic element and the raw material of at least one cellulose ether, and described formed body is carried out to drying and make.
5. catalyst according to claim 4, wherein, the temperature of described drying is higher than 180 ℃ and not higher than 300 ℃.
6. catalyst according to claim 5, wherein, the temperature of described drying is 200-260 ℃.
7. catalyst according to claim 1, wherein, the total amount of described raw material of take is benchmark, and the total content of described cellulose ether is the 0.5-10 % by weight, and the described total content that contains the compound of IVB family metallic element of oxide of take is the 0.5-55 % by weight, with Al 2o 3the total content of the described hydrated alumina of meter is the 35-98 % by weight.
8. according to the described catalyst of any one in claim 1,4 and 7, wherein, described cellulose ether is selected from methylcellulose, HEMC and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
9. according to the described catalyst of any one in claim 1,4 and 7, wherein, described IVB family metallic element is selected from titanium and zirconium.
10. according to the described catalyst of any one in claim 1,4 and 7, wherein, the described compound that contains IVB family metallic element is selected from the compound shown in basic zirconium chloride, zirconium acetate, zirconium sulfate, zirconium nitrate, zirconium carbonate, zirconium hydroxide, alkali formula zirconium ammonium, zirconium dioxide, metatitanic acid, metatitanic acid, titanium dioxide, titanium sulfate and formula I
TiX n(OR) 4-n （I），
In formula I, X is halogen, and R is C 1-C 5alkyl, the integer that n is 0-4;
Described hydrated alumina is selected from boehmite, gibbsite, amorphous hydrated aluminium oxide and boehmite.
11., according to the described catalyst of any one in claim 1,3 and 4, wherein, the water absorption rate of described carrier is 0.4-1.5, the δ value is below 10%, Q 1more than 12N/mm,
Wherein, &delta; = Q 1 - Q 2 Q 1 &times; 100 % ,
Q 1for the radially crushing strength of the carrier without water soaking, in N/mm,
Q 2for through water soaking 30 minutes and in the radially crushing strength of the carrier of 120 ℃ of dryings after 4 hours, in N/mm.
12. catalyst according to claim 11, wherein, the water absorption rate of described carrier is 0.6-1, and the δ value is below 5%, Q 1for 15-30N/mm.
13., according to the described catalyst of any one in claim 1-3, wherein, described group VIII metallic element is cobalt and/or nickel, described group vib metal is molybdenum and/or tungsten.
A 14. method for preparing the catalyst with hydrogenation catalyst effect, the method is included at least one group VIII metallic element of load and at least one group vib metallic element on carrier, described group VIII metallic element and group vib metallic element load on described carrier with the form of salt substantially, it is characterized in that, described carrier is hydrated alumina forming matter, by containing at least one hydrated alumina, the raw material of at least one compound containing IVB family metallic element and at least one cellulose ether prepares formed body, and by described formed body higher than 180 ℃ and not higher than the temperature of 300 ℃ under carry out drying and make.
15. method according to claim 14, wherein, the temperature of described drying is 200-260 ℃.
16. method according to claim 14, wherein, the mode that is prepared formed body by described raw material comprises:
At least one hydrated alumina, at least one compound and at least one cellulose ether containing IVB family metallic element are mixed with water, obtain the first mixture, and by described the first mixture moulding; Perhaps
At least one hydrated alumina and at least one cellulose ether are mixed with water, obtain the second mixture, and described the second mixture is successively carried out to moulding and dehydration, obtain preform, at least one compound containing IVB family metallic element of load on described preform.
17. according to the described method of claim 14 or 16, wherein, the total amount of described raw material of take is benchmark, and the total content of described cellulose ether is the 0.5-10 % by weight, the described total content that contains the compound of IVB family metallic element of oxide of take is the 0.5-55 % by weight, with Al 2o 3the total content of the described hydrated alumina of meter is the 35-98 % by weight.
18., according to the described method of claim 14 or 16, wherein, described cellulose ether is selected from methylcellulose, HEMC and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
19., according to the described method of claim 14 or 16, wherein, described IVB family metallic element is for being selected from titanium and zirconium.
20. according to the described method of claim 14 or 16, wherein, the described compound that contains IVB family metallic element is selected from the compound shown in basic zirconium chloride, zirconium acetate, zirconium sulfate, zirconium nitrate, zirconium carbonate, zirconium hydroxide, alkali formula zirconium ammonium, zirconium dioxide, metatitanic acid, metatitanic acid, titanium dioxide, titanium sulfate and formula I
TiX n(OR) 4-n （I），
In formula I, X is halogen, and R is C 1-C 5alkyl, the integer that n is 0-4;
Described hydrated alumina is selected from boehmite, gibbsite, amorphous hydrated aluminium oxide and boehmite.
21. method according to claim 14, wherein, at described group vib metallic element and group VIII metallic element, the load capacity on described carrier makes, the total amount of the catalyst that finally prepares of take is benchmark, the content of described carrier is the 72-95 % by weight, in oxide, the content of described group VIII metallic element is the 1-8 % by weight, and the content of described group vib metallic element is the 3-20 % by weight.
22. according to the described method of claim 14 or 21, wherein, by being immersed at least one component containing the group VIII metallic element of load and at least one component containing the group vib metallic element on carrier.
23. method according to claim 22, wherein, the method also comprises that the carrier that dipping is obtained carries out drying, and the condition of described drying comprises: temperature is 100-200 ℃, and the time is 1-15 hour.
24., according to the described method of claim 14 or 21, wherein, described group VIII metallic element is cobalt and/or nickel, described group vib metal is molybdenum and/or tungsten.
25. the catalyst that in claim 14-24 prepared by the described method of any one.
26. the application of the described catalyst of any one in hydrocarbon oil hydrogenation is processed in claim 1-13 and claim 25.
27. a method for hydrotreating hydrocarbon oil, the method is included under hydroprocessing condition, and hydrocarbon ils is contacted with the described catalyst of any one in claim 25 with claim 1-13.
28. method according to claim 27, wherein, described hydrocarbon ils is one or more in crude oil, reduced crude and decompression residuum.
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US5525211A (en) * 1994-10-06 1996-06-11 Texaco Inc. Selective hydrodesulfurization of naphtha using selectively poisoned hydroprocessing catalyst
CN1289647A (en) * 1999-09-29 2001-04-04 中国石油化工集团公司 Process for preparing catalyst with non-uniform distribution of active metals
CN101722006A (en) * 2009-11-24 2010-06-09 山东齐鲁科力化工研究院有限公司 Dual-functional hydrogenation catalyst

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5266188A (en) * 1991-04-22 1993-11-30 Amoco Corporation Selective hydrotreating
US5358633A (en) * 1993-05-28 1994-10-25 Texaco Inc. Hydrodesulfurization of cracked naphtha with low levels of olefin saturation
US5525211A (en) * 1994-10-06 1996-06-11 Texaco Inc. Selective hydrodesulfurization of naphtha using selectively poisoned hydroprocessing catalyst
CN1289647A (en) * 1999-09-29 2001-04-04 中国石油化工集团公司 Process for preparing catalyst with non-uniform distribution of active metals
CN101722006A (en) * 2009-11-24 2010-06-09 山东齐鲁科力化工研究院有限公司 Dual-functional hydrogenation catalyst

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