CN103479627A - 一种血管紧张素ii的i型受体拮抗剂在促进毛发生长方面的应用 - Google Patents
一种血管紧张素ii的i型受体拮抗剂在促进毛发生长方面的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于医药技术领域,涉及血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂在促进毛发生长方面的新用途。本发明创造性的发现血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂具有良好的促进毛发生长的作用,并通过研究表明其促进毛发生长的作用机理为:利用血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂可以刺激缓激肽B2受体引起内源性的前列腺素F-2a的释放,通过前列腺素的受体途径改善局部微环境促进毛发生长;同时血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂还能有效的阻断血管紧张素II的作用,促进局部血液的供给,从而达到促进毛发生长的效果。本发明为多靶点药物的研发提供了很好的理论依据,为治疗各种脱发的药物研发提供了新的方向。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,涉及一种血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂的新用途,尤其涉及血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂洛沙坦、坎地沙坦、及替米沙坦的新用途。
背景技术
血管紧张素受体分为AT1受体和AT2受体,AT1受体可释放醛固酮、兴奋β肾上腺能神经、刺激生长和收缩血管,AT2受体有抗增生和扩血管作用。血管紧张素受体拮抗剂(ARB)是目前公认的一线抗高血压药物,通过与血管平滑肌AT1受体结合而拮抗血管紧张素Ⅱ的血管收缩作用,从而降低末梢血管阻力。此类药物能特异性结合血管紧张素受体,无咳嗽、血管水肿等副作用,且不影响缓激肽的代谢。目前,血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂的代表药为:洛沙坦(Losartan)、坎地沙坦(Candesartan)、替米沙坦(Telmisartan)等。
缓激肽(BK)受体属于G-蛋白偶联受体(GPCRs),分两个不同的亚型:B1和B2受体。B2受体在各种细胞中都有表达,而B1受体的在细胞中的表达量很低,只有在组织损伤、炎症和细胞因子作用的情况下表达量才会增加。B2受体的作用是促进前列腺素的释放,而B1受体则介导对前列腺素反应的延迟。当B2受体与受体激动剂结合后,能激活磷脂酶使磷脂转换成花生四烯酸,进一步合成前列腺素。
前列腺素(prostaglandin,PG)是存在于动物和人体中的一类不饱和脂肪酸组成的具有多种生理作用的活性物质。最早发现存在于人的精液中,当时以为这一物质是由前列腺释放的,因而定名为前列腺素。现已证明精液中的前列腺素主要来自精囊,并且全身许多组织细胞都能产生前列腺素。前列腺素(PG)在体内由花生四烯酸所合成,结构为一个五环和两条侧链构成的20碳不饱和脂肪酸。按其结构,前列腺素分为A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I等类型。不同类型的前列腺素具有不同的功能,如前列腺素E能舒张支气管平滑肌,降低通气阻力;而前列腺素F的作用则相反。前列腺素的半衰期极短(1~2分钟),除前列腺素I2外,其他的前列腺素经肺和肝迅速降解,故前列腺素不像典型的激素那样,通过循环影响远距离靶组织的活动,而是在局部产生和释放,对产生前列腺素的细胞本身或对邻近细胞的生理活动发挥调节作用。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂用于促进毛发生长的新用途。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂的双靶点作用在促进毛发生长方面的应用。
上述方案中,所述血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂为一种通式M的化合物及其药学可接受的盐类,溶剂合物和它们的任何的立体化学异构体,和这样的盐的溶剂合物
M
其中R选自以下基团:
M-1
M-5
M-6
和
M-12;
其中,所述血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂优选通式M中R是M-1基团的化合物(通用名洛沙坦)、或通式M中R是M-12基团的化合物(通用名坎地沙坦);
上述方案中,所管述血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂为替米沙坦,其分子结构式为
上述方案中,所述在血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂在促进毛发生长方面的应用为血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂在治疗脱发方面的应用;其中所述脱发为脂溢性脱发或雄性激素脱发。
一种治疗脱发的药物制剂,是以血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料或辅助性成分制备而成。
上述方案中,所述治疗脱发的药物制剂,是以血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂洛沙坦、坎地沙坦、或替米沙坦为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料或辅助性成分制备而成的药物制剂;
上述方案中,所述药物制剂为外用制剂。
本发明的用于治疗脱发的外用制剂的制备及使用方法:
以坎地沙坦外用制剂的配制为例,一个人血液总量大约是体重的7~8%,如60公斤的人大约有4.5L血液。以50mg/次,一天两次为计,体内最高浓度约为11.11mg/L(50mg/4.5L),坎地沙坦的分子量为440.45g/mol,即摩尔浓度为25.22μmol/L(μM)。取坎地沙坦1~100mg溶解在500ml溶剂中,适合的溶剂为水、生理盐水、磷酸缓冲液(PBS)、乙醇、二甲亚砜、乙二醇单乙醚、二乙二醇单丁醚、及二甲基甲酰胺中的一种或几种,优选的溶剂为乙醇;同时还可添加一定浓度(0.001~0.1%)的香精。常规外用制剂的配比见下表1,2;对酒精过敏的脱发患者可使用如下表3所示制剂。外用制剂的使用方法为:每天两次,每次以覆盖脱发部位为宜。
表1常规外用制剂
成分 | 用量 |
坎地沙坦 | 1~100mg |
95%酒精 | 500ml |
表2常规外用制剂
成分 | 用量 |
坎地沙坦 | 1~100mg |
95%酒精 | 50ml |
磷酸缓冲液 | 450ml |
表3可用于酒精过敏的脱发患者的外用制剂
成分 | 用量 |
坎地沙坦 | 1~100mg |
二甲亚砜(溶解药物) | 0.5ml |
磷酸缓冲液 | 495.5ml |
本发明创造性的发现血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂具有良好的促进毛发生长的作用,并通过研究表明其促进毛发生长的作用机理为:利用血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂可以刺激缓激肽B2受体引起内源性的前列腺素F-2a的释放,通过前列腺素的受体途径改善局部微环境;同时血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂还能有效的阻断血管紧张素II的作用,促进局部血液的供给,从而达到促进毛发生长的效果。本发明的血管紧张素Ⅱ的I型受体拮抗剂是一种老结构、双靶点、新机制创新药物,属于新型双靶点的毛发生长的药物。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂具有多靶点的结合功能即同时具有扩张血管增加局部血液供给的能力又同时具有缓激肽B2受体激动剂功能,通过改变局部微环境中前列腺素含量及其亚类的比例,实现促进毛发生长的效果,为治疗脱发的药物生产提供了新的方向。
(2)本发明为多靶点药物的研发提供了很好的理论依据,药物外用制剂可直接局部外用,在局部发挥作用,减少全身用药的负作用。
附图说明
图1为脱发患者的治疗效果图,其中1为使用前,2为使用一周后,3为使用4周后;
图2为三种血管紧张素受体拮抗剂的药效功能团结构,其中A为坎地沙坦,B为洛沙坦,C为替米沙坦;
图3为细胞内侧的活化形式的B2R视图,其中A-坎地沙坦,B-洛沙坦;
图4为配体和残基的相互作用的2D图,其中A-坎地沙坦,B-洛沙坦;
图5为配体和残基的相互作用的3D图,其中A-坎地沙坦,B-洛沙坦;
图6为在配体结合位点的部分条带结构图,其中A-坎地沙坦,B-洛沙坦;
图7为氯沙坦的PFSC结合位点;
图8为坎地沙坦的PFSC结合位点。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本发明的实质,下面结合附图、附表和实施例来进一步说明血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂对促进毛发生长的作用机理和效果,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
实施例1
一、血管紧张素Ⅱ的Ⅰ型受体拮抗剂激发缓激肽B2受体分泌前列腺素(Prostanglandin,PG)的实验
选用洛沙坦、坎地沙坦、或替米沙坦进行实验,以缓激肽作为对照组,具体操作步骤为:首先接种两种细胞系到T-75培养瓶中生长,细胞长满后,严格按照PG试剂盒的说明操作:第1天,将细胞接种至24孔板中生长过夜,其培养基为基础培养基;第2天,用无血清培养基饥饿细胞;第3天,将细胞培养基切换到基础培养基,再向基础培养基中加入血管紧张素Ⅱ的Ⅰ型受体拮抗剂洛沙坦、坎地沙坦、或替米沙坦,添加药物剂量为10μM,于此同时在另一组基础培养基中添加1μM缓激肽作为对照,将细胞于37℃培养1小时。培养结束后,收集细胞上清液,备用;第四天,洗涤培养板和显色(45-90min),然后测量OD值进行定量分析,得到B2受体激动剂的OD(420nm)读数从而计算出EC50,EMAX。实验中所用细胞株为人原代静脉内皮细胞(Human primary vein endothelial cells,HPVEC)和人主动脉平滑肌细胞(Human aotic smooth muscle cells,HASMC)。
二、内源性前列腺素的测定
采用基于细胞竞争的酶联免疫(EIA,Enzyme immunoassay)法,测定上述细胞上清液中的PG及其亚类的量,整个EIA测定反应需要18小时,结果见下表4。实验结果表明10μM的坎地沙坦相当于1μM缓激肽的近50%的功效,而30μM坎地沙坦则相当于1μM缓激肽的近90%的功效;30μM氯沙坦相当于1μM缓激肽的近60%的功效;30μM替米沙坦则仅相当于1μM缓激肽的近25%的功效。从功效上看,坎地沙坦最强,氯沙坦次之,替米沙坦则最弱。
表4PG分泌量百分比(100%),
以1μM缓激肽刺激释放获得的PG分泌量为基准
三、B2受体抑制剂HOE-140阻断前列腺素分泌的实验
具体的实验步骤:首先接种两种细胞系到T-75培养瓶中生长,细胞长满后,严格按照PG试剂盒的说明操作:第1天,将细胞接种至24孔板中生长过夜,其培养基为基础培养基;第2天,用无血清培养基饥饿细胞;第3天,将细胞培养基切换到基础培养基,再向基础培养基中加入血管紧张素Ⅱ的Ⅰ型受体拮抗剂洛沙坦、坎地沙坦、或替米沙坦,添加药物剂量为10μM,同时加入1μM HOE-140,其中在另一组基础培养基中只添加1μM缓激肽作为对照组,将细胞于37℃培养1小时,培养结束后,收集细胞上清液,备用;最后在第四天,洗涤培养板和显色(45-90min),然后进行定量分析,得到B2受体激动剂的OD(420nm)读数从而计算出EC50,EMAX。
上述细胞上清液中PG的测定方法同上,定量实验结果见下表5。该结果表明1μM HOE-140可阻断10μM的坎地沙坦近85%的PG的释放功能,1μM HOE-140可阻断10μM氯沙坦、或10μM替米沙坦近80%的功效。因HOE-140是B2受体的阻断剂,因此可以说明血管紧张素II受体I型的拮抗剂是通过B2受体发挥前列腺素释放功能的。
表5总PG分泌量百分比(100%),
以1μM缓激肽刺激释放获得的PG分泌量为基准
实施例2
一、血管紧张素Ⅱ的Ⅰ型受体拮抗剂激发B2受体释放的前列腺素亚类分析
利用血管紧张素II受体I型的拮抗剂坎地沙坦诱导人原代静脉内皮细胞和人主动脉平滑肌细胞释放前列腺素,具体操作步骤同实施例1,坎地沙坦的添加量为10μM。采用EIA测定法测定PG亚类含量,测定方法同实施例1,结果见表6。结果表明,10μM的坎地沙坦诱导获得的前列腺素E2的量相当于1μM缓激肽诱导获得的前列腺素E2的量的30%,10μM的坎地沙坦诱导获得的前列腺素F-2a的量相当于1μM缓激肽诱导获得的前列腺素F-2a的量的6%,未检出前列腺素D。
因缓激肽不能穿透皮肤,且有明显的毒负作用,还不能成为一个药物在临床上应用,而上述结果表明,血管紧张素II受体I型的拮抗剂可替代缓激肽,实现诱导B2受体释放前列腺素E2和前列腺素F-2a的功能。
表6前列腺素亚类分泌量百分比(%)
以1μM缓激肽刺激释放获得的PG亚类分泌量为基准
细胞株 | PGE2(%) | PGF-2a(%) |
HASMC | 37.13±9.85 | 6.21±2.56 |
HPVEC | 32.54±6.93 | 5.47±3.32 |
*HPVEC:人原代静脉内皮细胞;*HASMC:人主动脉平滑肌细胞
实施例3
按照血管紧张素受体拮抗剂体外细胞实验的浓度及它们作为一种公知的抗高血压药在临床应用上使用的浓度,取坎地沙坦6mg,以95%的酒精为溶剂,配置成药物制剂浓度为27.24μmol/L的外用制剂,对中青年的脂溢性脱发和雄性激素性脱发进行喷涂,两次/天,每次以覆盖脱发部位为宜。每天观察头发的生长状况及有无明显的副作用,如红肿、瘙痒、疼痛等,每周照相记录头发的生长状况,结果见图1,从结果可看出一周后,肉眼可见细小的毛发从以前未长头发的地方长出,4周后,脱发处的治疗效果,特别是前发迹更加明显,向前延伸1厘米以上。
实施例4
利用同源建模技术建立血管紧张素Ⅱ的Ⅰ型受体拮抗剂与B2受体结合模型。AT1R和B2R都属于7TM或G蛋白偶联受体(GPCRs),他们序列有30%相似性,并且都易于在跨膜部位的相似结合处结合小分子配体。因此,我们希望研究血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂与B2R之间的相互作用。然而利用计算机在分子水平研究配体-GPCR复合物结构,目前只有两种GPCR X射晶体结构可以应用:基态视紫红质结构和β2-肾上腺素能受体(β2-ADR)。缓激肽受体B1和B2属于视紫红质类GPCR(G蛋白偶联受体)的A类家族。
同源建模:在缺少B2R结构的情况下,通过使用同源建模的技术,将牛的视紫红质(PDBID:1HZX)的高分辨率捷径结构用来做模板。我们从Swiss-Prot数据库获得B2受体序列(进入P30411)数据。应用Discovery Stadio3.5软件包的MACROMOLECULES,建立一个初始的3D同源模型。我们再使用CHARMm力场进行MD模拟。通过The Ramachandran Plot和Verify Protein(Profiles-3D)协议对模型结构进一步评估。
配体制备:通过Chemdraw3.0并应用CHARMm力场获得洛沙坦、坎地沙坦和替米沙坦结构。
血管紧张素受体拮抗剂-B2R偶联配体模型建立:该受体结构具有A类GPCR家族同源性。受体的Input Site Sphere输入分别位于-0.164482,6.6825,22.61,22.4,我们应用一款强大的基于CHARMm对接方法的CDOCKER软件生成高准确度的靶点对接区,把一个随机构造血管紧张素受体拮抗剂嵌入B2受体的结合位点。Input site sphere的受体口袋分别位于-0.1644826.6825,22.61,22.4。我们推出的CDOCKER是一个功能强大的CHARMm基于对接的方法可生成高度精确的对接的姿势。将氯沙坦、坎地沙坦和替米沙坦的随机构型对接到BK受体结合位点,其中氯沙坦、坎地沙坦对接成功,但由于替米沙坦有两个大的苯并咪唑部分,没有足够的空间来容纳该侧链,因此,替米沙坦B2R对接失败。
三种血管紧张素受体拮抗剂的药效功能团结构见图2,其中A为坎地沙坦,B为洛沙坦,C为替米沙坦。通常情况下,药效功能包括疏水性、芳烃、氢键受体、氢键给体的负离子化。由于氢键是有方向性的,每个HBA功能具有两个特点:一个是相关联的重原子的位置,而另一个是投射点,即与目标结合形成氢键的方向。每个球体定义一个特定的位点的位置容忍度。
血管紧张素受体拮抗剂与BR2受体结合位点分析:
残基在氯沙坦结合口袋边境包含S87,S88,C89,T90,A92,E93,TM2,T264,E265,R267,A268的TM6,Y347,R338,F339,C-端的V350。坎地沙坦,口袋里包含S87,S88,C89,T90,A92,E93,TM2,D154,R155,A158,R167的TM3,T264,E265,R267,A268,L271,V272的TM6,Y347,C-term-loop的R338。因此我们可以推断出两种结构都结合到同一个口袋中。
细胞内侧的活化形式的B2R视图,即坎地沙坦与B2R受体结合视图见图3-A,洛沙坦与B2R受体结合视图见图3-B,其中三个字母组成的代码为结合位点关键残基。
配体和残基的相互作用的2D图见图4,3D图见图5,其中A为坎地沙坦,B为洛沙坦。
进一步的研究氯沙坦、坎地沙坦在配体结合位点的部分条带结构,结构见图6,其中坎地沙坦TM3的R155、R167和TM6的E265、R267以及R338的环相互作用,坎地沙坦的四唑环的三个氮原子与R155(2H-键)和E265形成氢键,距离分别为2.9A,3.0A,3.2A,而环也可以与R155形成Pi相互作用,联苯和苯残基会与R155,R167,R267和R338形成Pi相互作用;而氯沙坦可与TM6的R267,R338的环相互作用,氯沙坦的四唑和联苯残基与TM6的R267,R338的环形成了强烈的Pi电子之间的相互作用,此外,氯沙坦的四唑环的两个氮原子与R267和R338也可形成氢键,距离分别为3.2A,3.1A。图6为配体结合位点的部分条带结构图,其中A-坎地沙坦,B-洛沙坦。我们可以推断出氯沙坦和TM3没有关系,而坎地沙坦与TM3的R155和R167通过H-键和PI的相互作用,使其以更有利的姿势与B2蛋白结合。
同时,我们使用PFSC的代码来描述的三维蛋白结合位点,结果示于图7和图8。图7为氯沙坦的PFSC结合位点。数目代表链上的结合点。氨基酸参与形成H-键和PI相互作用显示于框内。几何:氨基酸的属性说明,tiny=T,small=S,large=L,hardiness=H;Phy-Chem:Chemical-Physical Properties,hydrophobicity=P,acidic=A,basic=B,the Glycine=H,OH=O,carbonyl and amide group O=CNH2=N,SH=S。PFSC代码:PFSC结构分配方法,“A”表示α-螺旋和“B”β-链。
图8为坎地沙坦的PFSC结合位点。数目代表链上的结合点。氨基酸参与形成H-键和PI相互作用显示于蓝框。几何:氨基酸的属性说明,tiny=T,small=S,large=L,hardiness=H;Phy-Chem:Chemical-Physical Properties,hydrophobicity=P,acidic=A,basic=B,theGlycine=H,OH=O,carbonyl and amide group O=CNH2=N,SH=S。PFSC代码:PFSC结构分配方法,“A”表示α-螺旋和“B”β-链。
基于以上模型建模及血管紧张素受体拮抗剂与BR2受体相互作用点分析,坎地沙坦结合力最强,氯沙坦次之,替米沙坦最弱。
综上所述,本模型的研究表明,相互作用的站点的数目见表6-7,与氯沙坦相比,坎地沙坦具有较高受体亲和力。三个激动剂中替米沙坦显示最低的受体亲和力。因此基团的不同从而决定了药物亲和力的大小和功能的强弱。
表6AT1受体阻滞剂的药效特性的数目
表7参与相互作用的残基
显然,上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的实例,而并非对实施方式的限制。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而因此所引申的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂在促进毛发生长方面的应用。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂为通式M中R是M-1基团的化合物。
4.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂为通式M中R是M-12基团的化合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述促进毛发生长为治疗脱发。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述脱发为脂溢性脱发或雄性激素脱发。
8.一种促进毛发生长的药用制剂,其特征在于,该药物制剂是以血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料或辅助性成分制备而成。
9.根据权利要求8所述的促进毛发生长的药用制剂,其特征在于,所述药物制剂是以血管紧张素II的I型受体拮抗剂洛沙坦、坎地沙坦、或替米沙坦为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料或辅助性成分制备而成。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的促进毛发生长的药用制剂,其特征在于,所述药物制剂为外用制剂。
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CN104193699B (zh) * | 2014-08-14 | 2016-05-25 | 嘉兴特科罗生物科技有限公司 | 一种小分子化合物及其合成方法和应用 |
US9920022B2 (en) | 2014-08-14 | 2018-03-20 | Technoderma Medicines Pte Ltd. | Small molecule compound and synthesizing method and uses thereof |
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KR20160008239A (ko) | 2016-01-21 |
EP3008054A1 (en) | 2016-04-20 |
US20160081901A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 |
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