CN103476713A - A method for producing potable water by enhanced removal of trace species contaminants - Google Patents
A method for producing potable water by enhanced removal of trace species contaminants Download PDFInfo
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- CN103476713A CN103476713A CN2012800185685A CN201280018568A CN103476713A CN 103476713 A CN103476713 A CN 103476713A CN 2012800185685 A CN2012800185685 A CN 2012800185685A CN 201280018568 A CN201280018568 A CN 201280018568A CN 103476713 A CN103476713 A CN 103476713A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/74—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with air
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/103—Arsenic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
- C02F2101/22—Chromium or chromium compounds, e.g. chromates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/306—Pesticides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/36—Organic compounds containing halogen
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing potable water by enhanced removal of trace species contaminants, comprising the steps of contacting water with a ferrous material, co-precipitating trace species upon aeration, and recovering drinking water, wherein the efficiency is enhanced by galvanic corrosion working in concert with a layer of green rust and a biofilm of microorganisms. In a second aspect, a plant is provided for production of drinking water according to said method.
Description
The present invention relates to the method for the former water generates tap water from comprising the micro substance pollutent in first aspect.In second aspect, the present invention relates to produce for method according to a first aspect of the invention the equipment of tap water.
In the whole world, underground water is subject to unwanted material to pollute formation subject matter.The underground natural serious situation that can produce groundwater pollution that is configured in some zones, and carry out the place of industrialization farming once, occur that in water sterilant and their degradation production are common phenomena.
Exist the surpassing in 3,000,000 underground water wells of the world excessive arsenic and the risk of cancer increased in involved area and various other diseases and health problem to be associated, wherein Bangladesh is very important example.
In order to consider the unfavorable healthy effect of arsenic, WHO is reduced to 10 μ g/L by the suggestion limit of Arsenic in Drinking Water, and, in many industrialized countries, this limit is set to 5 μ g/L now.Yet, use existing methodical a large amount of waterworkss to fail there is shutdown or invested the option new and equipment for purifying costliness in accordance with this limit and they.Existed with rational cost arsenic content has been reduced to the challenge lower than 5g/l from the 20-35 μ mg/l level often run into.
Polluted by arsenic having in the waterworks of underground water of iron of low levels in reception is the problem of especially severe.In the waterworks with the water that is rich in iron cpd, this is more not serious because when water in a usual manner by oxidation, usually inflate while processing, arsenic usually with the iron cpd coprecipitation of oxidation, until iron precipitates in sand-bed filter or settling tank.Yet, if the iron level of water is not enough to guarantee the required coprecipitation of arsenic and other pollutents (comprising sterilant), can not remove arsenic by the conventional oxidation of water.
DE 197 45 664 A1 disclose the method for the treatment of the water containing arsenic, and wherein water flows through the reactor that is filled with the iron content particle, and described particle is by mixed sand and iron powder and do not comprising that the oxygen down-firing produces subsequently.In reactor, the dioxygen oxidation be dissolved in water is crossed by Tie Tong, generates Fe (III) ion, and described ion forms poorly soluble ferric arsenate together with As.Excessive Fe (III) ion precipitates with the ironic hydroxide form in conjunction with As by absorption.Therefore, when being bonded to particle, must from particle, be removed with suitable interval.When precipitation Fe (III) compound, Particle Phase ought promptly be used agglomerate and must be often exchanged.The manufacture of particle needs work and energy.In addition, if the underground water oxygen level of processing is low, method need to be before processing by other oxygen supply to reactor.In a word, known method is labour-intensive, complicated with expensive.
US 5 951 869 has described reactor, wherein processes water with iron during supply oxygen at the same time.Processing is carried out in as the fluidized-bed of source of iron having the iron particle.But using fluidized-bed is expensive and heavy work.
US 4 525 254 provides by dissolve anode under the existence of insoluble negative electrode and has made the water enriched iron, for the treatment of trade effluent.Anode, negative electrode and pending water experience continuously stirring, make described stripping occur under oxidizing condition.
The total iron of aforesaid method is processed the general feature of following inflation to occur together or needs water starting to have sizable oxygen level at every turn.Therefore, have the risk increased: the iron cpd of the oxidation that system is precipitated stops up.
US 2009/0020482 indicates a great step of the method for developing forward for removing the pollutent micro substance.At this paper, pending water contacted with iron-bearing materials in order to increase the iron level of water and therefore improve in the oxidation coprecipitation of pollutent afterwards before oxidation.However, when remembering that iron is discharged into the robustness in water, even find that this improved method lacks.Although when so-called patina layer exists on iron-bearing materials the release of iron and itself and arsenic in conjunction with being usually gratifying, if described layer is exposed to even appropriate level's oxygen, be responsive also deteriorated.In service stopping with after causing being exposed to other operation disruption of oxygen, the patina layer must re-establish and will be only fully effective after the time of several months.
In view of foregoing, the purpose of this invention is to provide the method and apparatus for the former drinking water production from comprising the micro substance pollutent, wherein realized high-caliber, powerful, the effective and efficient removal to pollutent, be also like this when the former water low from iron level starts.In addition, method should be that afford, simple and eco-friendly.
In order to meet this purpose, according to a first aspect of the invention, method for the former water generates tap water from comprising the micro substance pollutent is provided, said method comprising the steps of: the described former water that comprises described micro substance pollutent is contacted with iron-bearing materials under subatmospheric oxygen partial pressure, to cause described water, be enriched with Fe (II) compound; Make at least a portion coprecipitation of described micro substance by the water of processing described rich iron in aerator under oxidizing condition; With reclaim tap water by sediment separate out; Wherein the microbial film of patina layer and microaerophilic iron oxidisability microorganism is provided on described iron-bearing materials, and wherein by near the material with electrode potential more negative than iron providing, described iron-bearing materials experiences galvanic etching when contacting with former water, and wherein said iron-bearing materials and the described material with electrode potential more negative than iron are arranged such that they are not adjacent to each other but are communicated with by means of electrical lead.
The inventor is surprised to find that, the galvanic etching of iron-bearing materials not only promotes abiotic iron to discharge in water when carrying out according to the present invention, and guarantee significantly the maintaining or set up rapidly of within the time of a few hours or several days patina layer (reconstructions), and by contributing anaerobic environment to strengthen microaerophilic iron oxidisability microbial growth and impact in the enclosed environment of iron-bearing materials.
Use the inventor's discovery, method efficiently is provided simply again, wherein take full advantage of the purification electromotive force (purifying potential) of iron-bearing materials.By connecting or disconnecting electrical lead, can regulate galvanic etching.The method only needs little energy consumption and except iron-bearing materials with have the material of the electrode potential more negative than iron and do not need extra chemical.The described material with electrode potential more negative than iron can be metal, alloy or nonmetal for example graphite.In other respects, if do not opposed from health perspectives, any such material that has the precious metal higher than iron can be included consideration in.
In this text, " iron-bearing materials " refers to fully or the material mainly be comprised of iron, and " material with electrode potential more negative than iron " can be alloy as above, and itself can comprise a certain proportion of iron.Therefore, the total electrode potential that should be understood that " material with electrode potential more negative than iron " should be more negative than total electrode potential of " iron-bearing materials ".
According to preferred embodiment of the present invention, electrical lead is provided with resistor, optionally variohm.In this mode, the degree of corrosion of iron and dissolution rate therefore can further be regulated according to the content of the stream of processed water, former water pollutant and the required quality of final tap water.Preferably, variohm is with potentiometric form.
Advantageously, iron-bearing materials be with from the insulation leading-in end, hang enter by the material with electrode potential more negative than iron form, in the form of at least one commutative rod in the closed container that is lined with the material with electrode potential more negative than iron or comprises the material with electrode potential more negative than iron.In whole text, " closed container " should be understood to be provided with for the opening of the entrance and exit of pending water but basically do not have the container of other opening during the method according to this invention is carried out.By using closed container, be conducive to observe subatmospheric oxygen partial pressure, make the premature precipitation of Fe (III) compound minimize.In preferred embodiments, closed container is comprised of the stainless steel as having the material of the electrode potential more negative than iron.In contrary embodiment, iron-bearing materials is the form of the tradable closed container (exchangeable closed container) that corrodes internally, and the material with electrode potential more negative than iron is from the insulation leading-in end, to hang at least one the excellent form described container that enters.
In some cases, before being desirably in and making former water and iron-bearing materials contacts, exist the iron cpd in former water optionally to separate from it in sand-bed filter with other optional compounds.This is in the situation that the iron of the suitable vast scale in being included in former water exists with the inert condition that can not make the coprecipitation of micro substance pollutent may be significant.And iron cpd, the appearance that maybe can suppress other compounds of galvanic etching and/or the iron release from iron-bearing materials may require initial process step.
In preferred embodiments, in aerator under oxidizing condition the processing of the water of rich iron by making to be enriched with the water of Fe (II), realize at the top that optionally iron-bearing materials from be enclosed in the container that is arranged on aerator top leads to aerator, described aerator comprises: have plate or one or more pipe in hole or gap, it for by making described water flow through described hole or gap forms drop when described treatment process starts; With for by being in contact with it the device that described drop is separated, described device is disposed in described plate or pipe below, wherein for a plurality of tube elements of the form of the pipe that described device that described drop separates comprised have netted tube wall, described tube element is placed as the horizontal layer of some parallel tube elements, and described some parallel tube elements are so that the mode that the longitudinal axis of the described tube element in one deck is angularly arranged with respect to the longitudinal axis of the described tube element in one or more adjacent layers is stacking; And make described water pass through described aerator to its bottom by gravity.
Preferentially, aerator fitted to be the longitudinal axis that makes the tube element in one deck and angularly arranges with the about angle of 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube element in one or more adjacent layers.In this mode, produced the good condition that the drop that occurs separates in aerator.
After inflation, preferably by sedimentation in collection container, throw out is separated with tap water, optionally by process water in one or more strainers, further separate subsequently, optionally by one or more magnet auxiliary separatings from.One or more strainers can be the strainers of sand-bed filter, porcelain filter or another type.Yet, can be associated, at precipitation and the after separating of iron cpd, make water return to one or many for restarting to contact with iron-bearing materials, make the content of micro substance even further to reduce.Selectively, the inflation strengthened of take is purpose, and water can be back to from the bottom of above-mentioned aerator its top.In addition, air, optionally be rich in oxygen, can be by passive flow or active Flow is led to the part of the described aerator that comprises tube element in ventpipe.In this mode, can further regulate the oxidisability realized in aerator.In the situation that be mounted with in a large number the former water of material to be removed, oxygen initiatively is supplied to aerator can be as water is back to the alternatives at top from the bottom of described aerator.
In selectable embodiment, by the water that makes to process under oxidizing condition, directly drip on sand-bed filter and without any intermediate sedimentation in collection container, throw out is separated with tap water, and throw out is deposited on the upper surface of sand-bed filter or near the upper surface of sand-bed filter.Inflate thoroughly by guaranteeing, can realize in some cases the flocculation be entirely satisfactory of the compound do not expected, cause forming throw out, this throw out is accumulated on the surface of sand-bed filter, and the surface of impermeable sand-bed filter basically makes throw out easily to remove.
Preferably, the micro substance of coprecipitation comprises for example soil ulmin of arsenic and/or sterilant and/or non-volatile organic carbon (NVOC).Yet for example chromium, mercury, other heavy metals, MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether) and various non-sterilant chlorinated hydrocarbon (non-pesticide chlorinated hydrocarbon) also can coprecipitations for other micro substances.
Advantageously, the microbial film of microaerophilic iron oxidisability microorganism comprises one or more the iron bacteria represented in Gallionella (Gallionella), Sphaerotilus (Sphaerotilus) and Leptothrix (Leptothrix).Growing up strong and sturdy in the interface of many members between anaerobism and aerobic condition in these genus, and carries out ferrous oxidation in the environment of neutral pH.The slime layer be comprised of the extracellular polymeric from microorganism provides the absorption of the enhancing of hydroaropic substance.
According to preferred embodiment, microbial film be take gallionella ferruginea (Gallionella ferruginea) as main.This substance release goes out to have the Fe oxide compound of the ability of high absorb polluted matter micro substance (comprising arsenic).
Preferentially, when contact during iron-bearing materials the oxygen level in former water 0.1 to 1.6mg/L, preferably in 0.3 to 1.5mg/L scope, because find that gallionella ferruginea grows up strong and sturdy under described oxygen level.By the same token, as the pH of contact former water during iron-bearing materials preferably in 6.0 to 8.0 scope.
According to an embodiment, the corrosion of iron-bearing materials further strengthens with the material with electrode potential more negative than iron by being applied to respectively from the electric current of external power source iron-bearing materials.Yet, usually, do not need external power source to realize required corrosion.
In order to meet aforementioned purpose, according to a second aspect of the invention, a kind of equipment for the former water generates tap water from comprising the micro substance pollutent is provided, described equipment comprises closed container, it is comprised of the material with electrode potential more negative than iron, inside be lined with the material with electrode potential more negative than iron or comprise the material with electrode potential more negative than iron, described container holds at least one commutative rod of the iron-bearing materials hung from the insulation leading-in end, wherein said material is not adjacent to each other but connects by means of electrical lead, described container is connected in former Water Supplies Department, aerator, it can be by oxygen supply to the water received from described container, and separator unit, the throw out of the micro substance of its iron for the water separation of oxygenated from described aerator reception and coprecipitation, wherein patina layer and microbial biofilm exist on iron-bearing materials.
Described equipment provides identical with a first aspect of the present invention or similar advantage, and because its appropriateness to energy and material requires to be suitable for installing under harshness or initial condition and maintaining.
In one embodiment, electrical lead is provided with resistor, optionally variohm.
According to specific embodiment, container is arranged on aerator top, and described aerator comprises: have plate or one or more pipe in hole or gap, it for by making water flow through described hole or gap forms drop when treatment process starts, with for by being in contact with it the device that drop is separated, described device is disposed in described plate or pipe below, wherein for a plurality of tube elements of the form of the pipe that device that drop separates comprised have netted tube wall, described tube element is placed as the horizontal layer of some parallel tube elements, described some parallel tube elements are so that the mode that the longitudinal axis of the tube element in one deck is angularly arranged with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube element in one or more adjacent layers is stacking, described element allows drop separately to arrive its bottom by gravity by aerator.In this mode, provide the very firm and simple structure of inflating for thoroughly.
In one embodiment, equipment also comprises the return tube of the top even stronger inflation with realization for treated water being circulated to aerator.Selectively, equipment can comprise for take repeatedly enriched iron and as purpose, treated water is circulated to the return tube of the closed container that holds iron-bearing materials.In expectation, the micro substance pollutent in pending water is reduced to from high level low-level situation, this pipe proves useful.
Hereinafter, illustrate preferred embodiment of the present invention with reference to nonrestrictive figure.
Fig. 1 illustrates the embodiment of the equipment for carrying out method according to a first aspect of the invention.
Fig. 2 illustrates the embodiment of the closed container of equipment according to a second aspect of the invention, and described equipment is for carrying out method according to a first aspect of the invention.
With reference to figure 1, the major parts of the equipment of illustrating is referred to by following numeral: the 1st, and the pump for the top of raw water pump being delivered to equipment to closed container 2; The 3rd, iron-bearing materials; The 4th, the top of aerator; The 5th, the plenum chamber of described aerator; The 6th, collection container; The 7th, for water being led to the pump of sand-bed filter 8; The 9th, the outlet of pure drinking water; The 10th, for treated water is pumped to the pump of the top of equipment for re-treatment from collection container 6.
At Fig. 2, the major parts of the closed container of illustrating is referred to by following letter: A is the stainless cylinder of steel that forms the closed container as defined above; B is iron staff; C is the insulation leading-in end, and the electrical lead (not shown) prolongs to the outside of tank A and consequently via the variohm of the form with the potentiometer (not shown), latter's electric current is connected to iron staff B from the insulation leading-in end; D is for receiving the entrance of former water; E is the outlet that the water of Fu Tie leaves from closed container.
To provide now comprehensive description of the preferred embodiment of the method according to this invention.
Appropriate pending former water is led to the inside of stainless cylinder of steel A by entrance D to contact with iron staff B.Electrical lead attaches to the outside of stainless cylinder of steel, and, by potentiometer, attach to insulation leading-in end C, so that electric current connects iron staff and stainless cylinder of steel.Due to their different electrode potential, electric coupling is established and electric current will flow.Iron staff now as anode and stainless cylinder of steel as negative electrode, and pending water is because its specific conductivity is served as ionogen.Ionogen provides the ion that discharges from iron staff to the more material of inertia, the i.e. mode of the surface transport of stainless cylinder of steel.Simultaneously, exist the oxygen in water to be consumed according to following reaction:
2Fe
0+O
2+2H
2O→2Fe
2++4OH
-。
The ferrous iron formed in this mode can contribute to form again patina, this patina comprise with its bivalent form with and the iron of trivalent form:
10 (Fe
3 iIfe
iII(OH)
8cl*2H
2o)+2Fe
2++ 7 (SO
4 2-or CO
3 2-)+O
2→ 7 (Fe
4 iIfe
2 iII(OH)
12(SO
4or CO
3)+2H
2o)+4H
2o+10Cl
-
Patina is the transition compound, and it can only be maintained under low-down oxygen level.It is in conjunction with arsenic be for example also extremely effective aspect heavy metal in conjunction with other micro substance pollutents significantly.In underground water, arsenic is with arsenite (H
2as
iIIo
3 -) and/or arsenate (HAs
vo
4 2-) the form existence.In the ionic adsorption patina layer of arsenate-OH
2 +group, and obviously can not do like this before itself is oxidized to arsenate with the arsenic of arsenite form.Yet patina usually comprises anion, carbonate CO
3 2-, and evidence suggests that described carbonate ion can be exchanged by arsenite, arsenite is then by the Fe in the patina layer
iIIthe catalyzed arsenate that is converted into of content.This can explain the very effective removal of the arsenic existed when using patina.
Due to the galvanic etching of the iron in closed container under subatmospheric oxygen condition, patina effectively maintained and can or be not intended to be exposed to oxygen in any interruption of water supply after more easily recover.
Because the oxygen of the natural horizontal in pending water is because the galvanic etching of iron staff is reduced, microaerophilic iron oxidisability bacterium is mainly the microbial film of gallionella ferruginea, and the growth on iron also is promoted.Described material has proved very useful removing aspect the pollutent micro substance, because it makes the Fe oxide precipitation with the form of ferrihydrite, ferrihydrite is the nanoporous hydrated iron oxyhydroxide mineral that present the large surface-area of hundreds of square metre every gram.Except its high surface-to-volume ratio rate, ferrihydrite also has highdensity local defect, for example dangling bonds and room, and they all give the ability of chemical substance (comprising arsenic) important on many environment of absorption that ferrihydrite is high.
By both, all depend on close to the patina containing the existence at oxygen-anoxic interface of iron-bearing materials and the biomembranous compound action of microaerophilic iron oxidisability bacterium, if do not shielded continuously than galvanic etching and iron-enrichment in case be exposed to the oxygen of atmospheric level, realize in the method more effectively removing the micro substance pollutent from water.Due to this shielding, galvanic etching, produce reaction of oxygen consumption, allows to contribute to produce and maintain required precipitous oxygen gradient at the iron staff near surface.
In principle, sizable surface-area of iron-bearing materials is expected, in order to be provided for the sufficient broad regions of ferrous release, foundation and micro-housing (housing) of having a liking for oxygen iron oxidisability bacterium of patina.On the other hand, when the large cathode area observed with respect to annode area, the erosion rate of the anode of per unit area will be the highest.Therefore balance must be broken.
In the present embodiment, the levels of precision that galvanic etching and iron are discharged in water is regulated by means of potentiometer, and potentiometer is inserted into by the outside by stainless cylinder of steel A and is connected in the electrical connection that the wire of insulation leading-in end C provides.Potentiometer is controlled by electric motor, and electric motor receives according to the signal that enters the flow of the water in tank.In view of the required quality of final tap water, electric motor can also be set to the pollutent of the different concns in pending water is reacted.
The top that water leads to aerator 4 from tank A by outlet E arranges apertured pipe to be received in.By gravity, water passes through described gap and arrives the top of plenum chamber 5 as drop.At them, descend by during the plenum chamber process, droplet collision, on mutual many netted tube element layers that replace with 90 ° of layouts, makes drop be divided into droplet.The formation of drop causes the larger drip gauge area basically with respect to droplet size, makes the oxygen concentration strengthened can occur.The stacking height of tube element layer is adjusted so that initial liquid drop is separated into few 50-60 doubly and preferably 60-80 times when descending by inflation unit, in this case, guarantees the gratifying oxygen saturation up to 95%.Selectively, water can conventional equipment for example splasher, drip matrix, stepwise aerator in or by being blown into air or oxygen, be inflated.
Water drop through inflation is drawn towards collection container 6, sedimentation together with the micro substance pollutent of the iron cpd of oxidation in collection container 6 and common precipitation.The material of sedimentation can be as required by rinsing from collection container and remove gently.In addition, by means of pump 7, water is supplied to sand-bed filter 8, with the further precipitation that realizes iron and micro substance the reduction of guaranteeing the arsenic of coprecipitation, and finally from exporting 9 discharge tap water.Yet in other cases, it will be enough separating in collection container, make and can save sand filtration.
Arsenic in final tap water product and the concentration of other micro substances are by periodic monitoring, and, when increasing to the limit of regulation, potentiometer is transferred to and allows increase galvanic etching and iron to be discharged in water.At its life period, the iron staff erosion that is corroded continuously, make the surface that can be used for Iron Release will reduce when some points.In order to compensate this point and to guarantee the even release of iron, potentiometer is by periodic adjustment.When iron staff finally is consumed, it is replaced by new iron staff.
Embodiment
Equipment according to the present invention is mounted and receives the former water that presents high-caliber arsenic (19 μ g/L).Use is hung the iron staff enter stainless cylinder of steel as iron-bearing materials from the insulation leading-in end, and described stainless cylinder of steel serves as the material with electrode potential more negative than iron.
Oxygen level when the contact iron staff in water is as one man remained on lower than 1mg/L.On iron staff, the microbial film of the material of the phenology feature of development patina layer and demonstration gallionella ferruginea.
In the process of the time less than a week, arrive treated water by the iron stripping that makes 2,75mg/L, the concentration of arsenic is reduced to 3 μ g/L.
Claims (20)
1. the method for the former water generates tap water from comprising the micro substance pollutent said method comprising the steps of:
A. make the described former water that comprises described micro substance pollutent contact with iron-bearing materials under subatmospheric oxygen partial pressure, to cause described water, be enriched with Fe (II) compound;
B. make at least a portion coprecipitation of described micro substance by the water of processing described rich iron in aerator under oxidizing condition; With
C. reclaim tap water by sediment separate out;
Wherein the microbial film of patina layer and microaerophilic iron oxidisability microorganism is provided on described iron-bearing materials, and wherein at step a.) in, by near the material with electrode potential more negative than iron providing, the galvanic etching of described iron-bearing materials experience, wherein said iron-bearing materials and the described material with electrode potential more negative than iron are arranged such that they are not adjacent to each other but are communicated with by means of electrical lead.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein said electrical lead is provided with resistor.
3. method according to claim 2, wherein said resistor is variohm.
4. according to method in any one of the preceding claims wherein, wherein said iron-bearing materials is the form with at least one commutative rod, described at least one commutative rod from the insulation leading-in end hang enter by the described material with electrode potential more negative than iron form, liner has in the described closed container that has the material of the electrode potential more negative than iron or comprise the described material with electrode potential more negative than iron.
5. according to method in any one of the preceding claims wherein, wherein at step a.) before, exist iron cpd in described former water and optional other compounds optionally in sand-bed filter from described former moisture from.
6. according to method in any one of the preceding claims wherein, wherein at step b.) in, described processing in aerator under oxidizing condition is by making to be enriched with the described water of Fe (II), realize at the top that optionally iron-bearing materials from be enclosed in the container that is arranged on described aerator top leads to aerator, described aerator comprises: have plate or one or more pipe in hole or gap, it for by making described water flow through described hole or gap forms drop when described treatment process starts; With for by being in contact with it the device that described drop is separated, described device is disposed in described plate or pipe below, wherein for a plurality of tube elements of the form of the pipe that described device that described drop separates comprised have netted tube wall, described tube element is placed as the horizontal layer of some parallel tube elements, and described some parallel tube elements are so that the mode that the longitudinal axis of the described tube element in one deck is angularly arranged with respect to the longitudinal axis of the described tube element in one or more adjacent layers is stacking; And make described water pass through described aerator to its bottom by gravity.
7. according to method in any one of the preceding claims wherein, wherein in step c) in, by sedimentation in collection container, described throw out is separated with described tap water, optionally by process described water in one or more strainers, further separate subsequently, optionally auxiliary by one or more magnets.
8. according to the described method of any one in claim 1 to 6, wherein in step c) in, by the water that makes to process under oxidizing condition, directly drip on sand-bed filter and without any intermediate sedimentation in collection container, described throw out is separated with described tap water, and described throw out is deposited on the upper surface of described sand-bed filter or near the upper surface of described sand-bed filter.
9. according to method in any one of the preceding claims wherein, the choosing of the micro substance of wherein said coprecipitation is the following group formed freely: arsenic, sterilant, non-volatile organic carbon (NVOC), chromium, mercury, other heavy metals, MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether) and non-sterilant chlorinated hydrocarbon.
10. method according to claim 9, the micro substance of wherein said coprecipitation comprises arsenic and/or sterilant and/or non-volatile organic carbon (NVOC).
11., according to method in any one of the preceding claims wherein, the microbial film of wherein said microaerophilic iron oxidisability microorganism comprises one or more the iron bacteria represented in Gallionella, Sphaerotilus and Leptothrix.
12. method according to claim 11, wherein said microbial film be take gallionella ferruginea (Gallionella ferruginea) as main.
13. method according to claim 12, wherein when contact during described iron-bearing materials the oxygen level in described former water 0.1 to 1.6mg/L, preferably in 0.3 to 1.5mg/L scope.
14. according to the described method of claim 12 or 13, wherein as the pH of contact described former water during described iron-bearing materials in 6.0 to 8.0 scope.
15. according to method in any one of the preceding claims wherein, wherein at step a.) in, the corrosion of described iron-bearing materials will be by being applied to respectively described iron-bearing materials from the electric current of external power source and the described material with electrode potential more negative than iron further strengthens.
16. the equipment for the former water generates tap water from comprising the micro substance pollutent, described equipment comprises:
I. closed container, its by the material with electrode potential more negative than iron form, in be lined with the material with electrode potential more negative than iron or comprise the material with electrode potential more negative than iron, described container holds at least one commutative rod of the iron-bearing materials hung from the insulation leading-in end, wherein said material is not adjacent to each other but connects by means of electrical lead, and described container is connected in former Water Supplies Department;
Ii. aerator, it can be by oxygen supply to the water received from described container; With
Iii. separator unit, the throw out of the micro substance of its iron for the described water separation of oxygenated that receives from described aerator and coprecipitation,
Wherein patina layer and microbial biofilm exist on described iron-bearing materials.
17. equipment according to claim 16, wherein said electrical lead is provided with resistor.
18. equipment according to claim 17, wherein said resistor is variohm.
19. according to claim 16 to the described equipment of any one in 18, wherein said container is arranged on described aerator top, described aerator comprises: have plate or one or more pipe in hole or gap, it for by making described water flow through described hole or gap forms drop when described treatment process starts, with for by being in contact with it the device that described drop is separated, described device is disposed in described plate or pipe below, wherein for a plurality of tube elements of the form of the pipe that described device that described drop separates comprised have netted tube wall, described tube element is placed as the horizontal layer of some parallel tube elements, described some parallel tube elements are so that the mode that the longitudinal axis of the described tube element in one deck is angularly arranged with respect to the longitudinal axis of the described tube element in one or more adjacent layers is stacking, described element allows drop separately to pass through described aerator to its bottom by gravity.
20., according to claim 16 to the described equipment of any one in 19, also comprise for treated water being circulated to the return tube at the top of described aerator.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DKPA201170088A DK201170088A (en) | 2011-02-15 | 2011-02-15 | A method for producing potable water by enhanced removal of trace species contaminants |
| DKPA201170088 | 2011-02-15 | ||
| PCT/DK2012/050005 WO2012110038A1 (en) | 2011-02-15 | 2012-01-04 | A method for producing potable water by enhanced removal of trace species contaminants |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103476713A true CN103476713A (en) | 2013-12-25 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2012800185685A Pending CN103476713A (en) | 2011-02-15 | 2012-01-04 | A method for producing potable water by enhanced removal of trace species contaminants |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN103476713A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112013020901A2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK201170088A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012110038A1 (en) |
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| CN110152614B (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2022-02-11 | 常熟理工学院 | Preparation method of surface modified iron-based mercury adsorbent |
| FI129202B (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2021-09-15 | Allwatec Oy | Method and apparatus for removing iron from humus-rich water |
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| WO1999011577A1 (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 1999-03-11 | Higby Loren P | Electrochemical precipitation of metals, method and apparatus |
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- 2011-02-15 DK DKPA201170088A patent/DK201170088A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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- 2012-01-04 WO PCT/DK2012/050005 patent/WO2012110038A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-01-04 BR BR112013020901A patent/BR112013020901A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-01-04 CN CN2012800185685A patent/CN103476713A/en active Pending
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| EP0737650A2 (en) * | 1995-04-13 | 1996-10-16 | S.I.D.A. SOCIETA' ITALIANA DEPURAZIONE ACQUE S.p.A. | Method and plant for treating water for drinking or for industrial use |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2012110038A1 (en) | 2012-08-23 |
| DK201170088A (en) | 2012-08-16 |
| BR112013020901A2 (en) | 2016-10-04 |
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