CN103475267A - Method for improving generating efficiency of photovoltaic array - Google Patents
Method for improving generating efficiency of photovoltaic array Download PDFInfo
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- CN103475267A CN103475267A CN2013103533785A CN201310353378A CN103475267A CN 103475267 A CN103475267 A CN 103475267A CN 2013103533785 A CN2013103533785 A CN 2013103533785A CN 201310353378 A CN201310353378 A CN 201310353378A CN 103475267 A CN103475267 A CN 103475267A
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Abstract
Provided is a method for improving the generating efficiency of a photovoltaic array. The method comprises: first of all, dispersing light sensors in the photovoltaic array, setting the installation position of an image acquisition device, transmitting an image and the synchronous irradiance measurement data of the image to a photovoltaic power generation system control center through a communication network, and the photovoltaic power generation system control center performing analysis processing on a photovoltaic array operation image and identifying whether there are local shadows and the distribution scope of the shadows; estimating the irradiance at each position in the photovoltaic array by combining the irradiance data synchronously measured by the light sensors; and finally calculating the optimal structure of the photovoltaic array by using a reconstruction optimization method according to the irradiance data of each photovoltaic assembly (photovoltaic battery), and adjusting the connection mode of the photovoltaic array. By using the method provided by the invention, the generating efficiency of the photovoltaic array under the condition of the local shadows can be improved, the requirements of a photovoltaic power converting device for a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method can be simplified, the tacking accuracy of the MPPT is remarkably enhanced, fewer sensors are needed, the local shadowing identification precision is also quite high, and the reconstruction optimization effects are good.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates in photovoltaic generating system reconfiguration technique when photovoltaic array meets with local shade, belong to photovoltaic generation operation control technology field.
Background technology:
Solar photovoltaic technology, because of its cleanliness without any pollution, easy for installation, be not subject to the plurality of advantages such as regional limits, operation maintenance be simple, become the main generation of electricity by new energy mode after wind power generation.Along with exiting gradually of various countries' photovoltaic subsidy policy, the efficient operation of photovoltaic generating system becomes even more important for reducing the photovoltaic electric power cost.
Photovoltaic array in photovoltaic generating system is comprised of with certain series parallel structure a large amount of photovoltaic cells, has photoelectric converting function.Maximum power output ability environment residing with it and the array structure of self of photovoltaic array are closely related.When photovoltaic array is taked to concentrate output power, local shade environment will make a significant impact its output external characteristic.Local shade is the potential maximum power output ability of weakened part photovoltaic module not only, and can cause emergent power mismatch phenomenon between photovoltaic module and introduce more power loss, can give in addition MPPT maximum power point tracking (Maximum Power Point Tracking, MPPT) control and bring difficulty, if tracking error appears in MPPT, the photovoltaic array generating efficiency will further reduce.
Can effectively eliminate the power mismatch phenomenon between photovoltaic module under local shade condition by photovoltaic array reconstruct, yet photovoltaic array reconstruct need to be obtained illumination and the temperature data of the photovoltaic module of all participation reconstruct.Consider in photovoltaic array that temperature contrast is little and temperature is less on the impact of photovoltaic module output characteristic, therefore can not consider the temperature contrast in photovoltaic array.Affected by local shade, in photovoltaic array, may there be larger difference in the illumination of photovoltaic module, thereby causes the photovoltaic module output characteristic significant difference to occur.If the local shade situation of the whole photovoltaic array of GPRS, need to install a large amount of optical sensors usually, to realize the measurement that becomes more meticulous to irradiance.A large amount of transducers means the high and system complex of construction cost, local skiametry fineness is required higher, and the quantity of transducer also will be multiplied.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is directed to the problem that photometric data in large-scale photovoltaic array reconfiguration optimizing process is difficult to real-time Obtaining Accurate, the mode of utilizing image processing techniques and simulation analysis of computer to combine is obtained photovoltaic array real time execution photometric data, and obtains the optimized operation structure of photovoltaic array by optimization.The method only needs a small amount of optical sensor just can realize high accuracy, photovoltaic array irradiance distribution DATA REASONING fast, the photovoltaic array structure that reconstruction and optimization calculate can significantly improve the generating efficiency of photovoltaic generating system, reduces photovoltaic generation MPPT and controls difficulty.
In order to realize above-mentioned technical goal, the technical scheme that the present invention proposes comprises photovoltaic array, optical sensor, image collecting device, communication network, switch matrix and controller thereof, bypass diode, photovoltaic power converting means and photovoltaic generating system control centre.All or part of photovoltaic module in photovoltaic array is connected to switch matrix, is determined the connected mode of photovoltaic module by switch matrix, and the photovoltaic array after reconstruct powers to the load by power conversion unit or be in parallel with external electrical network.The connected mode of switch matrix is controlled by photovoltaic generating system control centre, photovoltaic generation control centre receives image information and the optical sensor metrical information that comes from photovoltaic array, pick out the irradiance of each photovoltaic module in current photovoltaic array by image processing techniques, and utilize the reconstruction and optimization algorithm to determine the output control signal of switch matrix controller, connected mode by switch matrix controller control switch matrix, finally construct the optimum photovoltaic array structure under current service conditions, make it there is minimum mismatch power loss.
Implementation step of the present invention is as follows:
(1) determine the distribution of photovoltaic array, the arrangement position of photovoltaic module, and mark;
(2) disperse optical sensor is installed in photovoltaic array, image collecting device is installed above photovoltaic array, and their installation site information is stored in to photovoltaic generating system control centre;
(3) with the irradiance of its infield of light sensor measurement, irradiance data and acquisition time information thereof are sent to photovoltaic generating system control centre through communication network;
(4) operation image of image collecting device pickup light photovoltaic array, image and shooting time information exchange thereof are crossed communication network and are sent to photovoltaic generating system control centre;
(5) photovoltaic generating system control centre is analyzed the image of photovoltaic array, distribution and the uniformity coefficient of the local shade of identification; And the irradiance data of the combining image photovoltaic array that optical sensor gathers while taking, simulate the irradiance data of each position in photovoltaic array;
(6) computer of photovoltaic generating system control centre calculates the optimum structure of photovoltaic array under current illumination condition by optimization;
(7) photovoltaic generating system control centre sends to optimum photovoltaic array structural information the controller of switch matrix, is adjusted in real time the operating structure of photovoltaic array by its control switch matrix, makes photovoltaic array run on optimum structure.
The present invention not only can improve the generating efficiency of photovoltaic array under local shade condition, the requirement that simplification photovoltaic power converting means is controlled MPPT, significantly improve the tracking accuracy of MPPT, and considerably less, the local shade identification precision of required number of sensors is high, reconstruction and optimization are effective.
The accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1 photovoltaic array reconfiguration system frame structure
Fig. 2 photovoltaic array reconstruction and optimization realization flow figure
Photovoltaic array image in Fig. 3 a embodiment during shadow-free
Photovoltaic array image while in Fig. 3 b embodiment, local shade being arranged
Photovoltaic array irradiance identification result during shadow-free in Fig. 4 a embodiment
Photovoltaic array irradiance identification result while in Fig. 4 b embodiment, local shade being arranged
The reconstruction and optimization operating structure of photovoltaic array during shadow-free in Fig. 5 a embodiment
The reconstruction and optimization operating structure of photovoltaic array while in Fig. 5 b embodiment, local shade being arranged
Power output-the voltage of photovoltaic array (P-U) characteristic curve in Fig. 6 embodiment
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Photovoltaic array reconfiguration system frame structure as shown in Figure 1, arrange optical sensor in surrounding and the center of array respectively, and at assigned address, one, video camera is installed, the photovoltaic array image that the irradiance data that optical sensor is measured and video camera are taken will be sent in real time photovoltaic generating system control centre and be carried out the identification of photovoltaic array irradiance.Photovoltaic generation control centre is according to irradiance distribution data identification result, utilize the reconstruction and optimization algorithm to determine the output control signal of switch matrix controller, connected mode by switch matrix controller control switch matrix, finally construct the optimum photovoltaic array structure under current service conditions, make it there is minimum mismatch power loss.
Concrete implementing procedure as shown in Figure 2, comprises the steps:
(1) determine the distribution of photovoltaic array, the arrangement position of photovoltaic module, and mark;
(2) disperse optical sensor is installed in photovoltaic array, image collecting device is installed above photovoltaic array, and their installation site information is stored in to photovoltaic generating system control centre;
(3) with the irradiance of its infield of light sensor measurement, irradiance data and acquisition time information thereof are sent to photovoltaic generating system control centre through communication network;
(4) operation image of image collecting device pickup light photovoltaic array, image and shooting time information exchange thereof are crossed communication network and are sent to photovoltaic generating system control centre;
(5) photovoltaic generating system control centre is analyzed the image of photovoltaic array, distribution and the uniformity coefficient of the local shade of identification; And the irradiance data of the combining image photovoltaic array that optical sensor gathers while taking, simulate the irradiance data of each position in photovoltaic array;
(6) computer of photovoltaic generating system control centre calculates the optimum structure of photovoltaic array under current illumination condition by optimization;
(7) photovoltaic generating system control centre sends to optimum photovoltaic array structural information the controller of switch matrix, is adjusted in real time the operating structure of photovoltaic array by its control switch matrix, makes photovoltaic array run on optimum structure.
Suppose that image when video camera photographs certain photovoltaic array shadow-free is as shown in Fig. 3 (a), image when local shade is arranged as shown in Fig. 3 (b), the photovoltaic module numbering use respectively 1-1,1-2 ..., 1-10,2-1,2-2 ... 2-10 means.According to the image information that is pooled to photovoltaic generating system control centre and irradiance measurement information, identification obtains the photovoltaic module irradiance data and lists in Fig. 4.According to irradiance distribution data identification result, photovoltaic generating system control centre can calculate the reconstruction and optimization structure of photovoltaic array, and send instruction to the switch matrix controller connected mode by its control switch matrix.In the present embodiment, reconstruction and optimization structure corresponding during the photovoltaic array shadow-free is as shown in Fig. 5 (a), and reconstruction and optimization structure corresponding when local shade is arranged is as shown in Fig. 5 (b).
Fig. 6 is power output-voltage (P-U) characteristic curve of photovoltaic array in embodiment, and abscissa U is the terminal voltage of photovoltaic array, and ordinate P is the power output of photovoltaic array.During shadow-free, with the P-U characteristic curve of photovoltaic array structural correspondence shown in Fig. 5 (a), be unimodal shape, peak power output is P
1; When local shade is arranged, with the P-U characteristic curve of photovoltaic array structural correspondence shown in Fig. 5 (a), be bimodal shape, peak power output is P
3, in addition also have another peak power P
4; When local shade is arranged, if take in time the reconstruction and optimization measure, photovoltaic array structure now is as shown in Fig. 5 (b), and corresponding P-U characteristic curve is as shown in curve in Fig. 6 " when local shade is arranged (after reconstruction and optimization) " with it, and its peak power output is P
2.As can be seen here, based on irradiance identification technique and reconstruction and optimization technology, the peak power output of photovoltaic array significantly improves, in the present embodiment by P
3(P
4) be increased to P
2.In addition, by the photovoltaic array reconstruction and optimization, its output P-U characteristic curve is similar to unimodal shape by bimodal being changed to, and this lays a good foundation for simplification MPPT method, raising MPPT tracking accuracy.
Claims (1)
1. improve the method for photovoltaic array generating efficiency, relate to photovoltaic array, optical sensor, image collecting device, communication network, switch matrix and controller thereof, bypass diode, photovoltaic power converting means and photovoltaic generating system control centre, specifically comprise the steps:
Step 1, determine the distribution of photovoltaic array, the arrangement position of photovoltaic module, and mark;
Step 2 disperses optical sensor is installed in photovoltaic array, image collecting device is installed above photovoltaic array, and their installation site information is stored in to photovoltaic generating system control centre;
Step 3, with the irradiance of its infield of light sensor measurement, irradiance data and acquisition time information thereof are sent to photovoltaic generating system control centre through communication network;
Step 4, the operation image of image collecting device pickup light photovoltaic array, image and shooting time information exchange thereof are crossed communication network and are sent to photovoltaic generating system control centre;
Step 5, photovoltaic generating system control centre is analyzed the image of photovoltaic array, distribution and the uniformity coefficient of the local shade of identification; And the irradiance data of the combining image photovoltaic array that optical sensor gathers while taking, simulate the irradiance data of each position in photovoltaic array;
Step 6, the computer of photovoltaic generating system control centre calculates the optimum structure of photovoltaic array under current illumination condition by optimization;
Step 7, photovoltaic generating system control centre sends to optimum photovoltaic array structural information the controller of switch matrix, is adjusted in real time the operating structure of photovoltaic array by its control switch matrix, makes photovoltaic array run on optimum structure.
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| CN107153212A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-09-12 | 太阳能安吉科技有限公司 | Method for mapping power generating equipment |
| CN107168049A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-15 | 浙江工业大学 | Photovoltaic array output characteristic curve real time acquiring method |
| CN109067358A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-12-21 | 浙江工业大学 | Photovoltaic array reconstruction optimization method based on shading battery number |
| CN109150103A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2019-01-04 | 同济大学 | Calculate the method that different bypass diodes configure the shade tolerance of lower photovoltaic module |
| CN109657336A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-04-19 | 浙江工业大学 | Photovoltaic array structural optimization method based on clouding times sequence |
| CN110533230A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-12-03 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of method for optimizing position of photovoltaic array irradiance sensor |
| CN113297533A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-08-24 | 山东大学 | Switch matrix switching method and system for TCT structure photovoltaic array reconstruction process |
| WO2021190368A1 (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2021-09-30 | 江苏中信博新能源科技股份有限公司 | Omnidirectional irradiation tracking method, detection apparatus and photovoltaic tracker |
| CN114911300A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-08-16 | 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Photovoltaic system multi-pole tracking control method and device based on boundary positioning conductance increment control |
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| CN109150103A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2019-01-04 | 同济大学 | Calculate the method that different bypass diodes configure the shade tolerance of lower photovoltaic module |
| CN109067358B (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2019-11-29 | 浙江工业大学 | Photovoltaic array reconstruction optimization method based on shading battery number |
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| CN109657336A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-04-19 | 浙江工业大学 | Photovoltaic array structural optimization method based on clouding times sequence |
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| CN110533230A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-12-03 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of method for optimizing position of photovoltaic array irradiance sensor |
| CN110533230B (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2022-03-18 | 浙江工业大学 | Position optimization method of photovoltaic array irradiance sensor |
| WO2021190368A1 (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2021-09-30 | 江苏中信博新能源科技股份有限公司 | Omnidirectional irradiation tracking method, detection apparatus and photovoltaic tracker |
| CN113297533A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-08-24 | 山东大学 | Switch matrix switching method and system for TCT structure photovoltaic array reconstruction process |
| CN114911300A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-08-16 | 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Photovoltaic system multi-pole tracking control method and device based on boundary positioning conductance increment control |
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