CN103472505A - Pluviometer capable of distinguishing solid and liquid precipitated water and detecting method thereof - Google Patents
Pluviometer capable of distinguishing solid and liquid precipitated water and detecting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103472505A CN103472505A CN2013103798061A CN201310379806A CN103472505A CN 103472505 A CN103472505 A CN 103472505A CN 2013103798061 A CN2013103798061 A CN 2013103798061A CN 201310379806 A CN201310379806 A CN 201310379806A CN 103472505 A CN103472505 A CN 103472505A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pluviometer capable of distinguishing solid and liquid precipitated water, and the pluviometer comprises an outer barrel (1), a water storage tank (3), a water accommodating device (7), a weighing table (4) and a detection component (5), wherein the detection component (5) is used for detecting the amount of precipitated water and the temperature, a funnel (8) is arranged in the water storage tank so as to divide the water storage tank into an upper layer and a lower layer, an annular container is arranged in the water accommodating device (7), an antifreezing solution is stored in the annular container, a liquid outlet of the annular container is aligned at the funnel (8), and the bottom of the water storage tank (3), the bottom end of the funnel and the liquid outlet of the annular container are respectively provided with a solenoid valve for controlling the flowing of the antifreezing solution and rainwater. The invention also discloses a detecting method of the pluviometer capable of distinguishing solid and liquid precipitated water, and the detecting method is implemented by judging solid precipitated water through detecting the remaining water after precipitated water is discharged, and judging whether to release the antifreezing solution for melting the solid precipitated water in combination with a detection circuit. The pluviometer disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the precipitation pattern can be automatically judged and the antifreezing solution can be released as required, and has the characteristics of low energy consumption and high precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that detects the weighing type rain gauge of solid-state and liquid precipitation and automatically identify and detect precipitation, belong to meteorological detection technique field.
Background technology
Precipitation is one of key element of meteorological observation.The monitoring of precipitation, prediction, distribution are significant to agricultural production, especially flood-control and drought relief are had to the directiveness effect.Daily life, traffic trip is also all closely related with precipitation.Precipitation detects udometer, tipping-bucket rain-gauge, siphon rainfall recorder, weighing type rain gauge, twin float type rain-snow gauge etc. usually.
Udometer, hold water and read the rainfall value by measuring cup by rain gage bucket.Because it need to rely on artificial time sight, can't meet the requirement of robotization.Traditional siphon rainfall recorder measuring accuracy is lower, and tipping-bucket rain-gauge precision when precipitation is poor, and these rain gages, due to its structural limitations, generally can't detect solid precipitation.
Weighing type rain gauge can be measured solid precipitation and liquid precipitation simultaneously, and precision is higher, but can't distinguish solid-state and liquid precipitation, can't provide the energy snow melt under the low temperature environment of field and can't Auto-drainage.Some rain gage has also been placed anti freezing solution, but is placed in for a long time rain gage bucket and generation evaporation equal error.
Above-mentioned rain gage, its shortcoming also is to detect the precipitation state, thereby is still according to artificial observation and judges at present, does not quantitatively detect.Automatic weather station adopts artificial observation precipitation state to be subject to observation time and regional impact, and larger limitation is arranged.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problem that existing rain gage can't detect the precipitation state, propose a kind of method that detects the weighing type rain gauge of solid-state and liquid precipitation and automatically identify and detect precipitation.This rain gage combines the advantage that the weighing type rain gauge measuring accuracy is high, solves existing type rain-snow gauge None-identified precipitation form, the problem that automaticity is low.
The present invention solves its technical matters and the technical scheme that adopts is:
A kind of rain gage of distinguishing solid-state and liquid precipitation, comprise urceolus, be arranged at water storage cylinder, weighing unit, the detection part of urceolus inside, be provided with the raingauge receiver of collecting sleet above urceolus, wherein, water storage cylinder is fixed in the top of weighing unit and detection part, and the bottom of water storage cylinder has for discharging the first solenoid valve of aqueous water, and described the first solenoid valve is connected with the freeing port that is arranged on the urceolus bottom; One funnel is set in described water storage cylinder, water storage cylinder is divided into two-layer up and down, described funnel bottom is equipped with for discharging the second solenoid valve of aqueous water.
Further, a kind of rain gage of distinguishing solid-state and liquid precipitation of the present invention, the built-in toroidal container of described raingauge receiver, contain anti freezing solution in described toroidal container, and its liquid outlet is aimed at funnel, and is provided with the 3rd electrovalve at the liquid outlet place of anti freezing solution.
Further, a kind of rain gage of distinguishing solid-state and liquid precipitation of the present invention, described funnel top has the netted sieve that filters solid precipitation.
Further, a kind of rain gage of distinguishing solid-state and liquid precipitation of the present invention, described detection part comprises the testing circuit of weighing, temperature sensing circuit, microprocessor, analog to digital conversion circuit and the power supply for powering, the testing circuit of wherein weighing is connected with weighing unit, temperature sensing circuit is for detection of the precipitation temperature, weigh testing circuit, temperature sensing circuit is connected with microprocessor by analog to digital conversion circuit respectively, described microprocessor connects respectively the first to the 3rd solenoid valve, for controlling the first opening and closing to the 3rd solenoid valve.
Further, a kind of rain gage of distinguishing solid-state and liquid precipitation of the present invention, described detection part also comprises a wireless communication module be connected with microprocessor, be provided with antenna on the sidewall of described urceolus, microprocessor sends to the external wireless sensor network by testing result by wireless communication module and antenna.
Further, a kind of rain gage of distinguishing solid-state and liquid precipitation of the present invention, described detection part also comprises an alarm unit be connected with microprocessor.
A kind of udometric detection method of distinguishing solid-state and liquid precipitation, comprise the steps:
Steps A: draining threshold value D is set
tH, solid precipitation threshold value S
tH, and temperature threshold T
tH; Adopt detection part and weighing unit to measure the initial weight of water storage cylinder;
Step B: during actual the detection, open the second solenoid valve, utilize detection part and weighing unit to gather water storage cylinder general assembly (TW) W and temperature T; Compared obvious increase with initial weight as weight W, meaning has precipitation, and records weight increase part as quantity of precipitation, enters step C; As weight W is compared without significant change with initial weight, continue monitoring;
Step C, enter at set intervals step D and carry out a draining with the monitoring solid precipitation; As W>D
tH, enter immediately step D with discharge precipitation, continue to gather water storage cylinder weight and temperature otherwise re-execute step B;
Step D: close the second solenoid valve, opened for first solenoid valve draining a period of time until weight is closed while obviously not reducing again; Detect water storage cylinder general assembly (TW) W, and with solid precipitation threshold value S
tHcompare, as W S
tH, and after again opening the second solenoid valve, weight does not reduce yet, and meaning has solid precipitation, and enters next step; Otherwise return to step B and continue executable operations;
Step e: detect Current Temperatures T and with temperature threshold T
tHrelatively, if temperature T>T
tH, do not carry out the snow melt processing, return to step B and continue executable operations; If temperature T<T
tH, close the second solenoid valve, control the first solenoid valve discharge anti freezing solution on raingauge receiver and melt solid precipitation, after melting certain hour, microprocessor controls the second solenoid valve draining is closed after separating aqueous water, controls the 3rd solenoid valve simultaneously and drains aqueous water;
Step F, detect the water storage cylinder weight W, and again with solid precipitation threshold value S
tHcompare, as W S
tHthe time, repeating step E, otherwise return to step B.
Further, a kind of udometric detection method of distinguishing solid-state and liquid precipitation, draining threshold value D
tH, solid precipitation threshold value S
tHwith temperature threshold T
tHsetting principle as follows:
Draining threshold value D
tHwhen the general assembly (TW) that refers to water storage cylinder surpasses this value, should discharge in time aqueous water and overflow preventing;
Solid precipitation threshold value W
tHafter referring to that aqueous water drains, a threshold value of water storage cylinder initial weight while exceeding without precipitation;
Temperature threshold T
tHrefer to that allowing to discharge anti freezing solution assists the temperature upper limit that melts solid precipitation, relies on environment temperature to melt solid precipitation while being greater than this temperature.
Further, a kind of udometric detection method of distinguishing solid-state and liquid precipitation, described in step e, anti freezing solution discharges according to solid precipitation quantity, within its weight is not counted in the weight change of quantity of precipitation.
The present invention adopts technique scheme, and advantage compared with prior art is:
Judge the precipitation state owing to being still at present according to artificial observation, the present invention can increase the function of rain gage judgement precipitation state, snow melt according to demand, and required energy consumption is lower, and still can guarantee the accuracy that precipitation is collected between drainage period.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is udometric schematic diagram of the present invention.
Number in the figure: 1-is by the rain gage urceolus, 2,6,9-solenoid valve, 3-water storage cylinder, 4-weighing unit, 5-detection part, 7-raingauge receiver, 8-funnel, 10-freeing port, 11-antenna.
specific embodiments:
Embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to technical scheme is described further.
This udometric system construction drawing as shown in Figure 1, comprises urceolus 1, is arranged at water storage cylinder 3, weighing unit 4, detection part 5, the raingauge receiver 7 of urceolus 1 inside, funnel 8, and three solenoid valves 2,6,9.
Wherein, water storage cylinder 3 is pair of lamina structures, and upper strata is for storing solid precipitation, lower floor is for storing aqueous water, middle by a low gradient funnel with solenoid valve 68 separately the funnel top has the netted sieve that filters solid precipitation, and solenoid valve 6 is for the discharge of aqueous water.Water storage cylinder 3 is fixed in weighing unit 4 tops, and water storage cylinder 3, funnel 8 and solenoid valve 6 form an integral body.
Raingauge receiver 7 is arranged at the top of urceolus 1, when collecting sleet, in the built-in toroidal container of described raingauge receiver 7, contains anti freezing solution, and its liquid outlet is aimed at funnel 8, can discharge anti freezing solution to melt solid precipitation by solenoid valve 2 as required.
The present embodiment microprocessor adopts STM32L151RBT6.Detection part 5 also comprises a wireless communication module be connected with microprocessor, be provided with antenna 11 on the outer wall of described urceolus 1, microprocessor sends to the external wireless sensor network by testing result by wireless communication module and antenna 11, and that the chip of wireless communication module adopts is CC2530.Auxiliary detection circuit temperature sensing element PT100 platinum resistance.Microprocessor is given CC2530 by serial ports by data and is carried out wireless transmission, and controls above-mentioned three solenoid valves.
The present embodiment arranges solenoid valve draining threshold value D
tHfor 4.5kg, solid precipitation threshold value S
tHfor 1g and temperature threshold T
tHit is 5 ℃.
When precipitation occurs, precipitation enters funnel 8 by holding the mouth of a river 7, and solenoid valve 6 is in normally open.If liquid precipitation, rainwater enters in water storage cylinder 3 through funnel 8, by the testing circuit of weighing, weighs up the Real-time Precipitation amount.As precipitation detected, and regularly weighed, and shut electromagnetic valve 6, opens solenoid valve 9 drainings, the opening time is set to 2Min.As the detection part judgement quantity of precipitation of weighing is carried out draining while reaching draining threshold value 4.5kg at any time.After time to be discharged finishes, shut electromagnetic valve 9, the surplus water of weighing.As remain quantity of precipitation and be less than 1g.Opens solenoid valve 6 again, and so circulation, until Precipitation Process finishes.
Residue quantity of precipitation is greater than 1g,, in conjunction with former data, can differentiate for having solid precipitation the long-pending funnel top that overlays on of solid precipitation.Now, if temperature higher than 5 ℃, relies on environment temperature to melt.If lower than 5 ℃, shut electromagnetic valve 6 and solenoid valve 9, opens solenoid valve 2, pour anti freezing solution into according to remaining solid precipitation quantity and melt the solid precipitation in funnel.Wait for after 20 minutes, opens solenoid valve 6, melt the solid precipitation in water storage cylinder 3, and last mixed solution is discharged by solenoid valve 9.After racking up, whether the precipitation of judgement residue again is less than 1g, is less than and illustrates that solid precipitation melts successfully, proceeds the circular wait state.If still be greater than 1g, with front, compare while once not pouring anti freezing solution into, if weight does not reduce, by microprocessor, control alarm module and send warning, enter abnormality.If weight reduces, judge that snow melt is insufficient, again pour the anti freezing solution snow melt into.Finally the weight detected is converted into to the millimeter quantity of precipitation that the raingauge receiver bore is corresponding.
Above-described embodiment shows, a kind of detection method of distinguishing solid-state and liquid precipitation of the present invention can effectively judge the precipitation state.Rain gage based on the method has advantages of that the weighing type rain gauge measuring accuracy is high, has solved existing type rain-snow gauge None-identified precipitation, the problem that automaticity is poor simultaneously.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All those skilled in the art under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, replace or equivalent transformation by improvements and modifications formed being equal to, all at the protection domain of the present invention's requirement.
Claims (9)
1. the rain gage that can distinguish solid-state and liquid precipitation, comprise urceolus (1), be arranged at urceolus (1) inner water storage cylinder (3), weighing unit (4), detection part (5), be provided with the raingauge receiver (7) of collecting sleet in the top of urceolus (1), wherein, water storage cylinder (3) is fixed in the top of weighing unit (4) and detection part, the bottom of water storage cylinder (3) has for discharging first solenoid valve (9) of aqueous water, and described the first solenoid valve (9) is connected with the freeing port (10) that is arranged on the urceolus bottom; It is characterized in that: a funnel (8) is set in described water storage cylinder, water storage cylinder is divided into two-layer up and down, described funnel bottom is equipped with for discharging second solenoid valve (6) of aqueous water.
2. a kind of rain gage of distinguishing solid-state and liquid precipitation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the built-in toroidal container of described raingauge receiver (7), contain anti freezing solution in described toroidal container, its liquid outlet is aimed at funnel (8), and is provided with the 3rd electrovalve (2) at the liquid outlet place of anti freezing solution.
3. a kind of rain gage of distinguishing solid-state and liquid precipitation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: have the netted sieve that filters solid precipitation above described funnel (8).
4. a kind of rain gage of distinguishing solid-state and liquid precipitation according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described detection part (5) comprises the testing circuit of weighing, temperature sensing circuit, microprocessor, analog to digital conversion circuit and the power supply for powering, the testing circuit of wherein weighing is connected with weighing unit, temperature sensing circuit is for detection of the precipitation temperature, and the testing circuit of weighing, temperature sensing circuit are connected with microprocessor by analog to digital conversion circuit respectively; Described microprocessor connects respectively the first to the 3rd solenoid valve, for controlling the first opening and closing to the 3rd solenoid valve.
5. a kind of rain gage of distinguishing solid-state and liquid precipitation according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described detection part (5) also comprises a wireless communication module be connected with microprocessor, be provided with antenna (11) on the sidewall of described urceolus (1), microprocessor sends to the external wireless sensor network by testing result by wireless communication module and antenna (11).
6. a kind of rain gage of distinguishing solid-state and liquid precipitation according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described detection part (5) also comprises an alarm unit be connected with microprocessor.
7. one kind based on the arbitrary described udometric detection method of distinguishing solid-state and liquid precipitation of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Steps A: draining threshold value D is set
tH, solid precipitation threshold value S
tH, and temperature threshold T
tH; Adopt detection part and weighing unit to measure the initial weight of water storage cylinder;
Step B: during actual the detection, open the second solenoid valve (6), utilize detection part and weighing unit to gather water storage cylinder general assembly (TW) W and temperature T; Compared obvious increase with initial weight as weight W, meaning has precipitation, and records weight increase part as quantity of precipitation, enters step C; As weight W is compared without significant change with initial weight, continue monitoring;
Step C, enter at set intervals step D and carry out a draining with the monitoring solid precipitation; As W>D
tH, enter immediately step D with discharge precipitation, continue to gather water storage cylinder weight and temperature otherwise re-execute step B;
Step D: close the second solenoid valve (6), open the first solenoid valve (9) draining a period of time until weight is closed while obviously not reducing again; Detect water storage cylinder general assembly (TW) W, and with solid precipitation threshold value S
tHcompare, as W S
tH, and after again opening the second solenoid valve (6), weight does not reduce yet, and meaning has solid precipitation, and enters next step; Otherwise return to step B and continue executable operations;
Step e: detect Current Temperatures T and with temperature threshold T
tHrelatively, if temperature T>T
tH, do not carry out the snow melt processing, return to step B and continue executable operations; If temperature T<T
tHclose the second solenoid valve (6), control the first solenoid valve (2) discharge anti freezing solution on raingauge receiver and melt solid precipitation, after melting certain hour, microprocessor controls the second solenoid valve (6) draining is closed after separating aqueous water, controls the 3rd solenoid valve (9) simultaneously and drains aqueous water;
Step F, detect the water storage cylinder weight W, and again with solid precipitation threshold value S
tHcompare, as W S
tHthe time, repeating step E, otherwise return to step B.
8. a kind of udometric detection method of distinguishing solid-state and liquid precipitation according to claim 7, is characterized in that draining threshold value D
tH, solid precipitation threshold value S
tHwith temperature threshold T
tHsetting principle as follows:
Draining threshold value D
tHwhen the general assembly (TW) that refers to water storage cylinder surpasses this value, should discharge in time aqueous water and overflow preventing;
Solid precipitation threshold value W
tHafter referring to that aqueous water drains, a threshold value of water storage cylinder initial weight while exceeding without precipitation;
Temperature threshold T
tHrefer to that allowing to discharge anti freezing solution assists the temperature upper limit that melts solid precipitation, relies on environment temperature to melt solid precipitation while being greater than this temperature.
9. a kind of udometric detection method of distinguishing solid-state and liquid precipitation according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described in step e, anti freezing solution discharges according to solid precipitation quantity, within its weight is not counted in the weight change of quantity of precipitation.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104597527A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2015-05-06 | 荣晓明 | Tipping bucket type rainfall precipitation measuring instrument used in snow season |
| CN105204095A (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2015-12-30 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所 | Weighing rain gauge structure suitable for measuring freezing rain precipitation |
| CN106547038A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-03-29 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of snow melt mountain torrent monitoring experimental rig and method |
| CN108221837A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-06-29 | 天津中德应用技术大学 | Melting snow on turnout junction device and method of work based on the microprocessor of 16 bit |
| CN115185019A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-10-14 | 南京信息工程大学 | Novel weighing type rain gauge and measuring method |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104597527A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2015-05-06 | 荣晓明 | Tipping bucket type rainfall precipitation measuring instrument used in snow season |
| CN105204095A (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2015-12-30 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所 | Weighing rain gauge structure suitable for measuring freezing rain precipitation |
| CN105204095B (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2018-02-16 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所 | A kind of weighing type rain gauge structure suitable for sleet Rainfall estimation |
| CN106547038A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-03-29 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of snow melt mountain torrent monitoring experimental rig and method |
| CN108221837A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-06-29 | 天津中德应用技术大学 | Melting snow on turnout junction device and method of work based on the microprocessor of 16 bit |
| CN115185019A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-10-14 | 南京信息工程大学 | Novel weighing type rain gauge and measuring method |
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