CN103458197A - Image sensor and pixel splicing array sub-pixel stringing reading method - Google Patents
Image sensor and pixel splicing array sub-pixel stringing reading method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103458197A CN103458197A CN2013103445712A CN201310344571A CN103458197A CN 103458197 A CN103458197 A CN 103458197A CN 2013103445712 A CN2013103445712 A CN 2013103445712A CN 201310344571 A CN201310344571 A CN 201310344571A CN 103458197 A CN103458197 A CN 103458197A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an image sensor and a pixel splicing array sub-pixel stringing reading method. A second FD end of any pixel in a sensor pixel array is directly connected with a first FD end of a pixel on an adjacent row; a second FD end of the pixel is connected with a second FD end of the pixel on the adjacent row through a row splicing control switch, and is connected with a second FD end of a pixel on the adjacent column through a column splicing control switch. The reading method comprises the steps that the pixel splicing rule is changed through the mode that an s/m row splicing pixel unit is stringed downwards among sequential frames or a t/n column splicing pixel unit is horizontally stringed; the total charge of all splicing pixel units serves as the pixel value of a spliced image after the pixel splicing rule is changed according to a row reading mode, and accordingly images of all spliced frames are acquired; m/n is the number of rows and the number of columns respectively, s is smaller than or equal to m/2, and t is smaller than or equal to n/2. According to the pixel splicing array sub-pixel stringing reading method, additional information quantity can be acquired, and accordingly lost resolution ratio caused by pixel splicing is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to semiconductor image detection technology field, relate to the inferior pixel read method of string of a kind of image sensor array and pixel splicing array.
Background technology
Splicing is widely used in imageing sensor, and basic principle is done as a whole for several neighbors are stitched together, and reads the total electrical charge of collection, can improve imageing sensor signal to noise ratio and frame rate, fully improves sensitivity.Existing imageing sensor splicing, can only realize the splicing of one or more number of pixels of fixing usually, can't, according to the demand of practical application, change flexibly the splicing number of pixels.In addition, the imageing sensor of existing employing splicing, although improved signal to noise ratio, pixel dimension is increased, image resolution ratio can obviously reduce.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of imageing sensor, and the number of pixels of this image sensor pixel splicing array can be controlled flexibly.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, imageing sensor of the present invention comprises M * N pel array, and wherein M, N are respectively line number and the columns of pel array; For any one the pixel P in pel array
(i, j), its 2nd FD end 2 and adjacent lines pixel P
(i+1,
j)a FD end 1 directly connect, and pixel P
(i, j)the 2nd FD end 2 by a row splicing control switch 5 and adjacent lines pixel P
(i+1, j)the 2nd FD end 2 connect, by a row splicing control switch 6 and adjacent columns pixel P
(i, j+1)the 2nd FD end 2 connect; I wherein, j is respectively line number and the row number at this pixel place.
The row that connect between every two row pixels splice control switch by row static address V
1, V
2..., V
k..., V
ncontrol V
kvalue is 1 control K row switch opens, and value is that 0 control K row switch turn-offs; Row splicing control switch between every two row is by row static address A
1, A
2..., A
k..., A
mcontrol A
kvalue is 1 capable switch opens of control K, and value is that the capable switch of 0 control K turn-offs, and the different values of row static address and row static address can realize the splicing of different pixels number flexibly.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of inferior pixel read method of string of above-mentioned image sensor pixel splicing array, and the method can be given the image resolution ratio of losing because of splicing for change.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the inferior pixel read method of string of image sensor pixel splicing array of the present invention is as follows:
For the pixel concatenation unit, be that m is capable, the imageing sensor of n row pel array:
At the first frame, make row static address V
pnbe 0, all the other row static address are 1, row static address A
qm-1, A
qmbe 0, the remaining row static address is 1, thereby control pn row splicing control switch, qm capable splicing control switch and the capable splicing of qm-1 control switch, turn-offs, and all the other splicing control switchs are opened; By qm-(m-1) OK~qm is capable, pn-(n-1) row the~the pn row pixel is spliced into the capable p of q row splicing pixel cell; By row read the total electrical charge of respectively splicing pixel cell as splicing after the pixel value of image; Wherein p, q are natural number, pn≤N, qm≤M;
Before reading the second frame signal, change pixel splicing rule;
Make row static address V
pnbe 0, all the other row static address are 1, row static address A
s, A
s-1, A
qm+s, A
qm+s-1be 0, the remaining row static address is 1, thereby controls pn row row splicing control switch, s, s-1, qm+s, the shutoff of qm+s-1 every trade splicing control switch, and all the other splicing control switchs are opened; , pn-(n-1 capable by 1st~s) row the~the pn row pixel is spliced into the 1st row p row splicing pixel cell; By qm+s-(m-1) OK~qm+s is capable, pn-(n-1) row the~the pn row pixel is spliced into the capable p of q+1 row splicing pixel cell; By residue row, pn-(n-1) row the~the pn row pixel is spliced into last column p row splicing pixel cell; By row read the total electrical charge of now respectively splicing pixel cell as splicing after the pixel value of image; S≤m/2 wherein;
Perhaps, make row static address V
t, row static address V
pn+tbe 0, all the other row static address are 1, row static address A
qm, row static address A
qm-1be 0, the remaining row static address is 1; Thereby control t, pn+t row splicing control switch and the capable splicing of qm-1, qm control switch, turn-off, all the other splicing control switchs are opened; By qm-(m-1) OK~qm is capable, the 1st row~t row pixel is spliced into capable the 1st row splicings pixel cell of q, by qm-(m-1) OK~qm is capable, pn+t-(n-1) row the~the pn+t row pixel is spliced into the capable p+1 row of q and splices pixel cell; By qm-(m-1) OK~qm is capable, the remaining columns pixel is spliced into last row splicing pixel cell; By row read the total electrical charge of now respectively splicing pixel cell as splicing after the pixel value of image; T≤n/2 wherein;
By that analogy, change pixel splicing rule by downward string s/m capable splicing pixel cell or by the mode of level string t/n row splicing pixel cell between successive frame, read to change after pixel is spliced rule by row and respectively splice the pixel value of the total electrical charge of pixel cell as the rear image of splicing, thereby obtain spliced each two field picture.
The present invention is between successive frame, by downward string s/m capable splicing pixel cell or by level string t/n row splicing pixel cell change pixel splicing rule, and by row read the total electrical charge of respectively splicing pixel cell as splicing after the pixel value of image, obtain spliced each two field picture, can obtain the extraneous information amount, thereby improve the resolution of losing due to the pixel splicing.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the image sensor architecture schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 a, Fig. 2 b are the image sensor pixel joining method schematic diagrames of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 a, 3b are the schematic diagrames of the inferior pixel read method of the string embodiment 1 of image sensor pixel splicing array of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the inferior pixel read method of the string embodiment 2 of image sensor pixel splicing array of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the inferior pixel read method of the string embodiment 3,4 of image sensor pixel splicing array of the present invention.
Fig. 6 a, 6b are the schematic diagrames of the inferior pixel read method of the string embodiment 5 of image sensor pixel splicing array of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, imageing sensor of the present invention comprises M * N pel array, the line number that M is pel array, the columns that N is pel array.In imageing sensor, each pixel has upper and lower two FD(FPoatingdiffusion) end: FD end the 1 and the 2nd a FD end 2, upper and lower two TG transfer gates (TX) 3,4.Upper and lower two TG transfer gates 3,4 are controlled respectively the charge transfer direction of each pixel.Pixel P
11the 2nd FD end 2 and pixel P
21a FD end 1 directly be connected, pixel P
11the 2nd FD end 2 by a row splicing control switch 5 and pixel P
21the 2nd FD end 2 connect, pixel P
11the 2nd FD end 2 by a row splicing control switch 6 and pixel P
12the 2nd FD end 2 connect.Row splicing control switch 5 and row splicing control switch 6 are used for controlling connection and the shutoff of different pixels FD end.For any one pixel, pixel P for example
33, its 2nd FD end 2 and adjacent lines pixel P
43a FD end 1 directly connect, and pixel P
33the 2nd FD end 2 by a row splicing control switch 5 and adjacent lines pixel P
43the 2nd FD end 2 connect, by a row splicing control switch 6 and adjacent columns pixel P
34the 2nd FD end 2 connect.
Described row splicing control switch 6 is by row static address V
1, V
2..., V
k..., V
ncontrol V
1value is 1 control first row switch opens, and value is that 0 control the 1st row switch turn-offs; V
2, V
3the rest may be inferred.Row splicing control switch 5 is by row static address A
1, A
2..., A
k..., A
mcontrol A
1value is 1 control the 1st row switch opens, and value is that 0 control the 1st row switch turn-offs, A
2, A
3the rest may be inferred; The different values of row static address and row static address can realize the splicing of different pixels number flexibly.
Only indicate image sensor pixel array in Fig. 1, the TX of pixel, FD and row, column splicing control switch annexation, the real image transducer also comprises reading circuit, control bus and output bus etc., does not indicate in the drawings, not limited by the present invention.The row, column static address can, by outside sequencing control, also can be produced by the inner integrated drive electronics of chip (imageing sensor).
Above-mentioned image sensor pixel array by the various combination of row, column static address, can be realized the splicing of different pixels number, as 1 * 2,2 * 1,2 * 2,3 * 3,4 * 4 etc.
For the imageing sensor of a M * N pel array, utilize the pixel joining method to realize m * n pel array splicing, row, column static address value is as shown in table 1.
Table 1: realize m * n pel array splicing, the row, column static address is chosen
Concrete, in above-mentioned splicing, if do not carry out the pixel splicing, when m=1, n=1, V
kvalue is 0, A
kvalue is 0 to get final product.
In like manner, in above-mentioned splicing, if wish realizes 1 * 2 pixel concatenation unit, when m=1, n=2, V
kvalue is 0, A
kvalue is still 0.
In like manner, in above-mentioned splicing, if wish realizes 3 * 3 pixel concatenation units, when m=3, n=3, V
kvalue is 1,1,0,1,1,0 ..., A
kvalue is 1,0,0,1,0,0 ...
Accordingly, the present invention can pass through V
kwith A
kdifferent values, realize flexibly the connecting method of different pixels number.
Fig. 2 a provides 320 * 240 imageing sensor face battle arrays, static address V
kwith A
kvalue is all 0, carries out 1 * 2 pixel splicing, forms 320 * 120 new battle arrays, decrease resolution 1/2.Before reading the second frame, change pixel splicing rule, as shown in Figure 2 b, make the second row of former array and the third line be spliced to form 1 * 2 pixel, the like.The second frame reads line by line by the row of new formation, and then the splicing of the 3rd frame and reading manner are with the first frame, and the splicing of the 4th frame and reading manner be the second frame together, the like.
After the conventional pixel splicing realizes, array is read according to the rear row formed of splicing, and as shown in Figure 3 a, the signal of each frame all starts to read from spliced the first row.Can see, adopt this reading manner, decrease resolution is former array 1/2.
The inferior pixel read method of string of image sensor pixel splicing array of the present invention is as follows:
m=2,n=1,s=1;
As shown in Figure 3 a, at the first frame, with N the first row pixel concatenation unit of pixel formation of the first row and the second row, with N the second row pixel concatenation unit of pixel formation of the third line and fourth line, pixel with fifth line and the 6th row forms N the third line pixel concatenation unit, by that analogy.From the first row pixel concatenation unit, read successively the pixel value of the total electrical charge of each row pixel concatenation unit as the rear image of splicing.Before reading the second frame signal, change pixel splicing rule, as shown in Fig. 3 b, form N the first row pixel concatenation unit with the first row pixel, pixel with the second row and the third line forms N the second row pixel concatenation unit, pixel with fourth line and fifth line forms N the third line pixel concatenation unit, with N the fourth line pixel concatenation unit of pixel formation of the 6th row and the 7th row, by that analogy.From the first row pixel concatenation unit, read successively the pixel value of the total electrical charge of each row pixel concatenation unit as the rear image of splicing.Then the 3rd frame changes the splicing rule again, pixel with the first row and the second row forms N the first row pixel concatenation unit, pixel with the third line and fourth line forms N the second row pixel concatenation unit, with N the third line pixel concatenation unit of pixel formation of fifth line and the 6th row, by that analogy.Between successive frame, by this downward string hemistich reading manner, can obtain the extraneous information amount, give the resolution of losing due to the pixel splicing for change.
As shown in Figure 4, the pel array that the pixel concatenation unit is 2 * 1, m=1, n=2, t=1.
The inferior pixel read method of string of image sensor pixel splicing array of the present invention is as follows:
At the first frame, pixel with first row and secondary series forms M first row pixel concatenation unit, pixel with the 3rd row and the 4th row forms M secondary series pixel concatenation unit, forms M the 3rd row pixel concatenation unit with the 5th row and the 6th pixel be listed as, by that analogy.From the first row pixel concatenation unit, read successively the pixel value of the total electrical charge of each row pixel concatenation unit as the rear image of splicing.Before reading the second frame signal, change pixel splicing rule, pixel with first row forms M first row pixel concatenation unit, form M secondary series pixel concatenation unit with secondary series and tertial pixel, pixel with the 4th row and the 5th row forms M the 3rd row pixel concatenation unit, pixel with the 6th row and the 7th row forms M the 4th row pixel concatenation unit, by that analogy.From the first row pixel concatenation unit, read successively the pixel value of the total electrical charge of each row pixel concatenation unit as the rear image of splicing.Then the 3rd frame changes pixel splicing rule again, with the same connecting method of the first frame, to form pixel concatenation unit array, with the same mode of the first frame, to read the total electrical charge of each pixel concatenation unit.Between successive frame, by this level string hemistich reading manner, can obtain the extraneous information amount, can not lose resolution equally.
As shown in Figure 5, the pel array that the pixel concatenation unit is 2 * 2, m=2, n=2, s=1.
The inferior pixel read method of string of image sensor pixel splicing array of the present invention is as follows:
At the first frame, form the first row first row pixel concatenation unit with pixel 11,12,21,22, pixel 13,14,23,24 forms the first row secondary series pixel concatenation unit, by that analogy, obtains the first row pixel concatenation unit.Form the second row first row pixel concatenation unit with pixel 31,32,41,42, pixel 33,34,43,44 forms the second row secondary series pixel concatenation unit, by that analogy, obtains the second row pixel concatenation unit; Other row pixel concatenation units of stitching image transducer in like manner.From the first row pixel concatenation unit, read successively the pixel value of the total electrical charge of each row pixel concatenation unit as the rear image of splicing.Before reading the second frame signal, change pixel splicing rule, form the first row first row pixel concatenation unit with pixel 11,12, form the first row secondary series pixel concatenation unit with pixel 13,14; By that analogy, obtain the first row pixel concatenation unit.Form the second row first row pixel concatenation unit with pixel 21,22,31,32, pixel 23,24,33,34 forms the second row secondary series pixel concatenation unit, by that analogy, obtains the second row pixel concatenation unit.Form the third line first row pixel concatenation unit with pixel 41,42,51,52, pixel 43,44,53,54 forms the third line secondary series pixel concatenation unit (pixel 51,52,53,54 is not shown), by that analogy, obtain the third line pixel concatenation unit; Other row pixel concatenation units of stitching image transducer in like manner.Then the 3rd frame changes the splicing rule again, and with the connecting method formation pixel concatenation unit array same with the first frame, reading manner is identical with the first frame.Between successive frame, by this downward string hemistich reading manner, can obtain the extraneous information amount, can not lose resolution equally.
Embodiment 4
As shown in Figure 5, the pel array that the pixel concatenation unit is 2 * 2.m=2,n=2,t=1。
The inferior pixel read method of string of image sensor pixel splicing array of the present invention is as follows:
At the first frame, form the first row first row pixel concatenation unit with pixel 11,12,21,22, pixel 13,14,23,24 forms the first row secondary series pixel concatenation unit, by that analogy, obtains the first row pixel concatenation unit.Form the second row first row pixel concatenation unit with pixel 31,32,41,42, pixel 33,34,43,44 forms the second row secondary series pixel concatenation unit, by that analogy, obtains the second row pixel concatenation unit; Other row pixel concatenation units of stitching image transducer in like manner.From the first row pixel concatenation unit, read successively the pixel value of the total electrical charge of each row pixel concatenation unit as the rear image of splicing.Before reading the second frame signal, change pixel splicing rule, form the first row first row pixel concatenation unit with pixel 11,21, pixel 31,41 forms the second row first row pixel concatenation unit, by that analogy, obtains first row pixel concatenation unit.Form the first row secondary series pixel concatenation unit with pixel 12,13,22,23, pixel 32,33,42,43 forms the second row secondary series pixel concatenation unit, by that analogy, obtains secondary series pixel concatenation unit; Other row pixel concatenation units of stitching image transducer in like manner.Then the 3rd frame changes splicing rule again, and with the same mode of the first frame, to form pixel concatenation unit array, reading manner is identical with the first frame.Between successive frame, by this level string hemistich reading manner, can obtain the extraneous information amount, can not lose resolution equally.
As shown in Figure 6 a, the pel array that the pixel concatenation unit is 3 * 3, m=3, n=3; S=1 or t=1.
As shown in Figure 6 b, with embodiment 3,4 in like manner, the inferior pixel read method of string of image sensor pixel splicing array of the present invention, can adopt splicing and the reading manner of downward string 1/3 row between successive frame, also can adopt splicing and the reading manner of level string 1/3 row between successive frame, give the resolution of losing because of the pixel splicing for change.
Embodiment 7
The pel array that is 4 * 5 for the pixel concatenation unit, m=4, n=5; S=1, s=2, t=1 or t=2.With embodiment 3,4 in like manner, the inferior pixel read method of string of image sensor pixel splicing array of the present invention, can adopt between successive frame the splicing of string 1/4 row downwards and reading manner, go here and there splicing and the reading manner of the splicing of the splicing of 1/2 row and reading manner, level string 1/5 row and reading manner, level string 2/5 row downwards, give the resolution of losing because of the pixel splicing for change.
Claims (8)
1. an imageing sensor, comprise M * N pel array, and wherein M, N are respectively line number and the columns of pel array; It is characterized in that for any one the pixel P in pel array
(i, j), its 2nd FD end (2) and adjacent lines pixel P
(i+1, j)a FD end (1) directly connect, and pixel P
(i, j)the 2nd FD end (2) by a row splicing control switch (5) and adjacent lines pixel P
(i+1, j)the 2nd FD end (2) connect, by row splicing control switchs (6) and adjacent columns pixel P
(i, j+1)the 2nd FD end (2) connect; I wherein, j is respectively line number and the row number at this pixel place.
2. the inferior pixel read method of the string of the pixel of an imageing sensor as claimed in claim 1 splicing array is as follows:
For the pixel concatenation unit, be that m is capable, the imageing sensor of n row pel array:
At the first frame, make row static address V
pnbe 0, all the other row static address are 1, row static address A
qm-1, A
qmbe 0, the remaining row static address is 1, thereby control pn row splicing control switch, qm capable splicing control switch and the capable splicing of qm-1 control switch, turn-offs, and all the other splicing control switchs are opened; By qm-(m-1) OK~qm is capable, pn-(n-1) row the~the pn row pixel is spliced into the capable p of q row splicing pixel cell; By row read the total electrical charge of respectively splicing pixel cell as splicing after the pixel value of image; Wherein p, q are natural number, pn≤N, qm≤M;
Before reading the second frame signal, change pixel splicing rule;
Make row static address V
pnbe 0, all the other row static address are 1, row static address A
s, A
s-1, A
qm+s, A
qm+s-1be 0, the remaining row static address is 1, thereby controls pn row row splicing control switch, s, s-1, qm+s, the shutoff of qm+s-1 every trade splicing control switch, and all the other splicing control switchs are opened; , pn-(n-1 capable by 1st~s) row the~the pn row pixel is spliced into the 1st row p row splicing pixel cell; By qm+s-(m-1) OK~qm+s is capable, pn-(n-1) row the~the pn row pixel is spliced into the capable p of q+1 row splicing pixel cell; By residue row, pn-(n-1) row the~the pn row pixel is spliced into last column p row splicing pixel cell; By row read the total electrical charge of now respectively splicing pixel cell as splicing after the pixel value of image; S≤m/2 wherein;
Perhaps, make row static address V
t, row static address V
pn+tbe 0, all the other row static address are 1, row static address A
qm, row static address A
qm-1be 0, the remaining row static address is 1; Thereby control t, pn+t row splicing control switch and the capable splicing of qm-1, qm control switch, turn-off, all the other splicing control switchs are opened; By qm-(m-1) OK~qm is capable, the 1st row~t row pixel is spliced into capable the 1st row splicings pixel cell of q, by qm-(m-1) OK~qm is capable, pn+t-(n-1) row the~the pn+t row pixel is spliced into the capable p+1 row of q and splices pixel cell; By qm-(m-1) OK~qm is capable, the remaining columns pixel is spliced into last row splicing pixel cell; By row read the total electrical charge of now respectively splicing pixel cell as splicing after the pixel value of image; T≤n/2 wherein;
By that analogy, change pixel splicing rule by downward string s/m capable splicing pixel cell or by the mode of level string t/n row splicing pixel cell between successive frame, read to change after pixel is spliced rule by row and respectively splice the pixel value of the total electrical charge of pixel cell as the rear image of splicing, thereby obtain spliced each two field picture.
3. the inferior pixel read method of string of image sensor pixel splicing array according to claim 2, is characterized in that described m=2, n=1, s=1.
4. the inferior pixel read method of string of image sensor pixel splicing array according to claim 2, is characterized in that described m=1, n=2, t=1.
5. the inferior pixel read method of string of image sensor pixel splicing array according to claim 2, is characterized in that described m=2, n=2; S=1 or t=1.
6. the inferior pixel read method of string of image sensor pixel splicing array according to claim 2, is characterized in that described m=3, n=3; S=1 or t=1.
7. the inferior pixel read method of string of image sensor pixel splicing array according to claim 2, is characterized in that described m=4, n=5; S=1 or s=2.
8. the inferior pixel read method of string of image sensor pixel splicing array according to claim 2, is characterized in that described m=4, n=5; T=1 or t=2.
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