CN103458197B - The string sub-pixed mapping read method of imageing sensor and pixel splicing array - Google Patents
The string sub-pixed mapping read method of imageing sensor and pixel splicing array Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of imageing sensor and the string sub-pixed mapping read method of pixel splicing array, any one pixel in this sensor pixel array, oneth FD end of its 2nd FD end and adjacent lines pixel is directly connected to, 2nd FD end of pixel is spliced by row to control to switch and is connected with the 2nd FD end of adjacent lines pixel, is connected with the 2nd FD end of adjacent column pixel by arranging splicing control switch. Read method is to splice pixel cell by string s/m row downwards between successive frame or change pixel splicing rule by the mode of level string t/n row splicing pixel cell, press the total electrical charge respectively splicing pixel cell after row reads change pixel splicing rule as the pixel value of image after splicing, thus obtaining spliced each two field picture; The line number of m/n respectively pixel concatenation unit and columns, s��m/2, t��n/2; The method can obtain additional amount of information, thus improve the resolution lost due to pixel splicing.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to semiconductor image detection technology field, relate to a kind of image sensor array and the string sub-pixed mapping read method of pixel splicing array.
Background technology
Splicing is widely used in the image sensor, and ultimate principle is made as a whole for several neighbors are stitched together, and reads the total electrical charge collected, can improve imageing sensor signal to noise ratio and frame rate, fully improve sensitivity. Existing imageing sensor splicing, is typically only capable to realize the splicing of one or more fixing number of pixels, it is impossible to the demand according to practical application, changes splicing number of pixels flexibly. It addition, the imageing sensor of existing employing splicing, although improve signal to noise ratio, but pixel dimension is increased, image resolution ratio can substantially reduce.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of imageing sensor, and the number of pixels of this image sensor pixel splicing array can control flexibly.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the imageing sensor of the present invention includes M N pixel array, wherein the line number of M, N respectively pel array and columns; For any one the pixel P in pel array(i,j), its 2nd FD end 2 and adjacent lines pixel P(i+1,j)A FD end 1 be directly connected to, and pixel P(i,j)The 2nd FD end 2 control switch 5 and adjacent lines pixel P by a row splicing(i+1,j)The 2nd FD end 2 connect, by one row splicing control switch 6 with adjacent column pixel P(i,j+1)The 2nd FD end 2 connect; The wherein line number at i, j respectively this pixel place and row number.
The row splicing connected between every two row pixels controls switch by row static address V1��V2��......��VK��......��VNControl, VKValue is that 1 control K row switch is opened, and value is 0 control K row switch OFF; Row splicing between every two row controls switch by row static address A1��A2��......��AK��......��AMControl, AKValue is that 1 control line k switch is opened, and value is 0 control line k switch OFF, and the different values of row static address and row static address can realize the splicing of different pixels number flexibly.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the string sub-pixed mapping read method of a kind of above-mentioned image sensor pixel splicing array, and the method can give the image resolution ratio lost because of splicing for change.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the string sub-pixed mapping read method of the image sensor pixel splicing array of the present invention is as follows:
Imageing sensor for pixel concatenation unit is m row, n row pel array:
At the first frame, make row static address VpnBeing 0, all the other row static address are 1, row static address Aqm-1��AqmBeing 0, remaining row static address is 1, thus control pth n row splicing control switch, qm row splicing control switch and qm-1 row splicing control switch OFF, all the other splicing control switches open; It is spliced into q row pth row splicing pixel cell by qm-(m-1) row the��the qm row, pth n-(n-1) row��pth n row pixel; The total electrical charge of each splicing pixel cell is read as the pixel value of image after splicing by row; Wherein p, q are natural number, pn��N, qm��M;
Before reading the second frame signal, change pixel splicing rule;
Make row static address VpnBeing 0, all the other row static address are 1, row static address As��As-1��Aqm+s��Aqm+s-1Being 0, remaining row static address is 1, thus controlling pth n row to arrange splicing control switch, s, s-1, qm+s, qm+s-1 every trade splicing control switch OFF, all the other splicing control switches are opened; It is spliced into the 1st row pth row splicing pixel cell by 1��s row, pth n-(n-1) row��pth n row pixel; It is spliced into q+1 row pth row splicing pixel cell by qm+s-(m-1) row the��the qm+s row, pth n-(n-1) row��pth n row pixel; It is spliced into last column pth row splicing pixel cell by remaining rows, pth n-(n-1) row��pth n row pixel; The total electrical charge now respectively splicing pixel cell is read as the pixel value of image after splicing by row; Wherein s��m/2;
Or, make row static address Vt, row static address Vpn+tBeing 0, all the other row static address are 1, row static address Aqm, row static address Aqm-1Being 0, remaining row static address is 1; Thus controlling t, pn+t to arrange splicing control switch and qm-1, qm row splicing control switch OFF, all the other splicing control switches are opened; It is spliced into q row the 1st row splicing pixel cell by qm-(m-1) row the��the qm row, the 1st row��t row pixel, qm-(m-1) row the��the qm row, pth n+t-(n-1) row��pth n+t row pixel is spliced into q row pth+1 row splicing pixel cell; It is spliced into last string splicing pixel cell by qm-(m-1) row the��the qm row, remaining columns pixel; The total electrical charge now respectively splicing pixel cell is read as the pixel value of image after splicing by row; Wherein t��n/2;
By that analogy, between successive frame, splice pixel cell by string s/m row downwards or change pixel splicing rule by the mode of level string t/n row splicing pixel cell, press the total electrical charge respectively splicing pixel cell after row reads change pixel splicing rule as the pixel value of image after splicing, thus obtaining spliced each two field picture.
The present invention is between successive frame, pixel splicing rule is changed by string s/m row splicing pixel cell downwards or by level string t/n row splicing pixel cell, and read the total electrical charge of each splicing pixel cell as the pixel value of image after splicing by row, obtain spliced each two field picture, additional amount of information can be obtained, thus improve the resolution lost due to pixel splicing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is image sensor architecture schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 a, Fig. 2 b are the image sensor pixel joining method schematic diagrams of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 a, 3b are the schematic diagrams of the string sub-pixed mapping read method embodiment 1 of the image sensor pixel splicing array of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the string sub-pixed mapping read method embodiment 2 of the image sensor pixel splicing array of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the string sub-pixed mapping read method embodiment 3 of the image sensor pixel splicing array of the present invention.
Fig. 6 a, 6b are the schematic diagrams of the string sub-pixed mapping read method embodiment 5 of the image sensor pixel splicing array of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
As it is shown in figure 1, the imageing sensor of the present invention includes M N pixel array, M is the line number of pel array, and N is the columns of pel array. In imageing sensor, each pixel has upper and lower two FD (Floatingdiffusion) end: FD end 1 and a 2nd FD end 2, upper and lower two TG transfer gates (TX) 3,4. Upper and lower two TG transfer gates 3,4 control the charge transfer direction of each pixel respectively. Pixel P11The 2nd FD end 2 and pixel P21A FD end 1 be joined directly together, pixel P11The 2nd FD end 2 control switch 5 and pixel P by a row splicing21The 2nd FD end 2 connect, pixel P11The 2nd FD end 2 control switch 6 and pixel P by a row splicing12The 2nd FD end 2 connect. Row splicing controls switch 5 and row splicing controls switch 6 and is used for controlling connection and the shutoff of different pixels FD end. For any one pixel, for instance pixel P33, its 2nd FD end 2 and adjacent lines pixel P43A FD end 1 be directly connected to, and pixel P33The 2nd FD end 2 control switch 5 and adjacent lines pixel P by a row splicing43The 2nd FD end 2 connect, by one row splicing control switch 6 with adjacent column pixel P34The 2nd FD end 2 connect.
Described row splicing controls switch 6 by row static address V1��V2��......��VK��......��VNControl, V1Value is that 1 control first row switch is opened, and value is 0 control the 1st row switch OFF; V2��V3The rest may be inferred. Row splicing controls switch 5 by row static address A1��A2��......��AK��......��AMControl, A1Value is that 1 control the 1st row switch is opened, and value is 0 control the 1st row switch OFF, A2��A3The rest may be inferred; The different values of row static address and row static address can realize the splicing of different pixels number flexibly.
Only indicating image sensor pixel array, TX, FD of pixel and row, column splicing in Fig. 1 and control switch annexation, real image sensor also includes reading circuit, controls bus and output bus etc., does not indicate in the drawings, is not limited by the present invention. Row, column static address can pass through outside sequencing contro, it is possible to is internally integrated drive circuit by chip (imageing sensor) and produces.
Above-mentioned image sensor pixel array is by the various combination of row, column static address, it may be achieved the splicing of different pixels number, such as 1 �� 2,2 �� 1,2 �� 2,3 �� 3,4 �� 4 etc.
For the imageing sensor of a M N pixel array, utilizing pixel joining method to realize m �� n-pixel array splicing, row, column static address value is as shown in table 1.
Table 1: realizing m �� n-pixel array splicing, row, column static address is chosen
Concrete, in above-mentioned splicing, if not carrying out pixel splicing, namely when m=1, n=1, VKValue is 0, AKValue is 0.
In like manner, in above-mentioned splicing, if being intended to realize 1 �� 2 pixel concatenation unit, namely when m=1, n=2, VKValue is 1,0, AKValue is still 0.
In like manner, in above-mentioned splicing, if being intended to realize 3 �� 3 pixel concatenation units, namely when m=3, n=3, VKValue is 1,1,0,1,1,0 ..., AKValue is 1,0,0,1,0,0 ....
Accordingly, the present invention can pass through VKWith AKDifferent values, realize the connecting method of different pixels number flexibly.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 2 a provides 320 �� 240 imageing sensor face battle arrays, static address VKValue is 1,0,1,0 ..., AKValue is all 0, carries out 1 �� 2 pixel splicing, forms new 320 �� 120 battle array, and resolution reduces by 1/2. Before reading the second frame, change pixel splicing rule, as shown in Figure 2 b, make the second row of former array and the third line be spliced to form 1 �� 2 pixel, the like. Second frame reads line by line by the row being newly formed, the then splicing of the 3rd frame first frame same with reading manner, the splicing of the 4th frame second frame same with reading manner, the like.
After conventional pixel splicing realizes, array is read out according to the row formed after splicing, and as shown in Figure 3 a, the signal of each frame all starts to read from spliced the first row. It will be seen that adopt this reading manner, resolution is reduced to the 1/2 of former array.
The string sub-pixed mapping read method of the image sensor pixel splicing array of the present invention is as follows:
M=2, n=1, s=1;
As shown in Figure 3 a, at the first frame, constituted N number of the first row pixel concatenation unit with the pixel of the first row and the second row, constituted N number of second row pixel concatenation unit with the pixel of the third line and fourth line, N number of the third line pixel concatenation unit is constituted, by that analogy with the pixel of fifth line and the 6th row. From the first row pixel concatenation unit, it is successively read the total electrical charge of each row pixel concatenation unit as the pixel value of image after splicing. Before reading the second frame signal, change pixel splicing rule, as shown in Figure 3 b, N number of the first row pixel concatenation unit is constituted with the first row pixel, N number of second row pixel concatenation unit is constituted with the pixel of the second row and the third line, constituted N number of the third line pixel concatenation unit with the pixel of fourth line and fifth line, constituted N number of fourth line pixel concatenation unit with the pixel of the 6th row and the 7th row, by that analogy. From the first row pixel concatenation unit, it is successively read the total electrical charge of each row pixel concatenation unit as the pixel value of image after splicing. Then the 3rd frame changes splicing rule again, N number of the first row pixel concatenation unit is constituted with the pixel of the first row and the second row, constituted N number of second row pixel concatenation unit with the pixel of the third line and fourth line, constituted N number of the third line pixel concatenation unit with the pixel of fifth line and the 6th row, by that analogy. Between successive frame, by this downward string hemistich reading manner, additional amount of information can be obtained, give the resolution lost due to pixel splicing for change.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 4, pixel concatenation unit is the pel array of 1 �� 2, m=1, n=2, t=1.
The string sub-pixed mapping read method of the image sensor pixel splicing array of the present invention is as follows:
At the first frame, M first row pixel concatenation unit is constituted with the pixel of first row and secondary series, constituted M secondary series pixel concatenation unit with the pixel of the 3rd row and the 4th row, constituted M the 3rd row pixel concatenation unit with the pixel of the 5th row and the 6th row, by that analogy. From the first row pixel concatenation unit, it is successively read the total electrical charge of each row pixel concatenation unit as the pixel value of image after splicing. Before reading the second frame signal, change pixel splicing rule, M first row pixel concatenation unit is constituted with the pixel of first row, M secondary series pixel concatenation unit is constituted with secondary series and tertial pixel, M the 3rd row pixel concatenation unit is constituted with the pixel of the 4th row and the 5th row, M the 4th row pixel concatenation unit is constituted, by that analogy with the pixel of the 6th row and the 7th row.From the first row pixel concatenation unit, it is successively read the total electrical charge of each row pixel concatenation unit as the pixel value of image after splicing. Then the 3rd frame changes pixel splicing rule again, is constituted pixel concatenation unit array with the connecting method same with the first frame, reads the total electrical charge of each pixel concatenation unit in the way of same with the first frame. Between successive frame, by this level string hemistich reading manner, additional amount of information can be obtained, resolution will not be lost equally.
Embodiment 3
As it is shown in figure 5, pixel concatenation unit is the pel array of 2 �� 2, m=2, n=2, s=1.
The string sub-pixed mapping read method of the image sensor pixel splicing array of the present invention is as follows:
At the first frame, being constituted the first row first row pixel concatenation unit with pixel 11,12,21,22, pixel 13,14,23,24 constitutes the first row secondary series pixel concatenation unit, by that analogy, obtains the first row pixel concatenation unit. Being constituted the second row first row pixel concatenation unit with pixel 31,32,41,42, pixel 33,34,43,44 constitutes the second row secondary series pixel concatenation unit, by that analogy, obtains the second row pixel concatenation unit; In like manner other row pixel concatenation units of stitching image sensor. From the first row pixel concatenation unit, it is successively read the total electrical charge of each row pixel concatenation unit as the pixel value of image after splicing. Before reading the second frame signal, change pixel splicing rule, constituted the first row first row pixel concatenation unit with pixel 11,12, constituted the first row secondary series pixel concatenation unit with pixel 13,14; By that analogy, the first row pixel concatenation unit is obtained. Being constituted the second row first row pixel concatenation unit with pixel 21,22,31,32, pixel 23,24,33,34 constitutes the second row secondary series pixel concatenation unit, by that analogy, obtains the second row pixel concatenation unit. The third line first row pixel concatenation unit is constituted with pixel 41,42,51,52, pixel 43,44,53,54 constitutes the third line secondary series pixel concatenation unit (pixel 51,52,53,54 is not shown), by that analogy, the third line pixel concatenation unit is obtained; In like manner other row pixel concatenation units of stitching image sensor. Then the 3rd frame changes splicing rule again, is constituted pixel concatenation unit array, reading manner and the first frame with the connecting method same with the first frame identical. Between successive frame, by this downward string hemistich reading manner, additional amount of information can be obtained, resolution will not be lost equally.
Embodiment 4
As it is shown in figure 5, pixel concatenation unit is the pel array of 2 �� 2. M=2, n=2, t=1.
The string sub-pixed mapping read method of the image sensor pixel splicing array of the present invention is as follows:
At the first frame, being constituted the first row first row pixel concatenation unit with pixel 11,12,21,22, pixel 13,14,23,24 constitutes the first row secondary series pixel concatenation unit, by that analogy, obtains the first row pixel concatenation unit. Being constituted the second row first row pixel concatenation unit with pixel 31,32,41,42, pixel 33,34,43,44 constitutes the second row secondary series pixel concatenation unit, by that analogy, obtains the second row pixel concatenation unit; In like manner other row pixel concatenation units of stitching image sensor. From the first row pixel concatenation unit, it is successively read the total electrical charge of each row pixel concatenation unit as the pixel value of image after splicing. Before reading the second frame signal, changing pixel splicing rule, constituted the first row first row pixel concatenation unit with pixel 11,21, pixel 31,41 constitutes the second row first row pixel concatenation unit, by that analogy, obtains first row pixel concatenation unit.Being constituted the first row secondary series pixel concatenation unit with pixel 12,13,22,23, pixel 32,33,42,43 constitutes the second row secondary series pixel concatenation unit, by that analogy, obtains secondary series pixel concatenation unit; In like manner other row pixel concatenation units of stitching image sensor. Then the 3rd frame changes splicing rule again, is constituted pixel concatenation unit array, reading manner and the first frame in the way of same with the first frame identical. Between successive frame, by this level string hemistich reading manner, additional amount of information can be obtained, resolution will not be lost equally.
Embodiment 5
As shown in Figure 6 a, pixel concatenation unit is the pel array of 3 �� 3, m=3, n=3; S=1 or t=1.
As shown in Figure 6 b, with embodiment 3 in like manner, the string sub-pixed mapping read method of the image sensor pixel splicing array of the present invention adopts splicing and the reading manner of string 1/3 row downwards between successive frame. Equally, it is also possible to such as embodiment 4, adopt splicing and the reading manner of level string 1/3 row between successive frame, give the resolution lost because pixel splicing for change.
Embodiment 7
It is the pel array of 4 �� 5 for pixel concatenation unit, m=4, n=5; S=1, s=2, t=1 or t=2. With embodiment 3,4 in like manner, the string sub-pixed mapping read method of the image sensor pixel splicing array of the present invention, can adopt between successive frame go here and there downwards the splicing of 1/4 row and reading manner, go here and there the splicing of 1/2 row and reading manner, the splicing of level string 1/5 row and reading manner, the splicing of level string 2/5 row and reading manner downwards, give the resolution lost because pixel splicing for change.
Claims (7)
1. the string sub-pixed mapping read method of the pixel splicing array of an imageing sensor is as follows:
Imageing sensor for pixel concatenation unit is m row, n row pel array:
At the first frame, make row static address VpnBeing 0, all the other row static address are 1, row static address Aqm-1��AqmBeing 0, remaining row static address is 1, thus control pth n row splicing control switch, qm row splicing control switch and qm-1 row splicing control switch OFF, all the other splicing control switches open; It is spliced into q row pth row splicing pixel cell by qm-(m-1) row the��the qm row, pth n-(n-1) row��pth n row pixel; The total electrical charge of each splicing pixel cell is read as the pixel value of image after splicing by row; Wherein p, q are natural number, pn��N, qm��M;
Before reading the second frame signal, change pixel splicing rule;
Make row static address VpnBeing 0, all the other row static address are 1, row static address As��As-1��Aqm+s��Aqm+s-1Being 0, remaining row static address is 1, thus controlling pth n row to arrange splicing control switch, s, s-1, qm+s, qm+s-1 every trade splicing control switch OFF, all the other splicing control switches are opened; It is spliced into the 1st row pth row splicing pixel cell by 1��s row, pth n-(n-1) row��pth n row pixel; It is spliced into q+1 row pth row splicing pixel cell by qm+s-(m-1) row the��the qm+s row, pth n-(n-1) row��pth n row pixel; It is spliced into last column pth row splicing pixel cell by remaining rows, pth n-(n-1) row��pth n row pixel; The total electrical charge now respectively splicing pixel cell is read as the pixel value of image after splicing by row; Wherein s��m/2;
Or, make row static address Vt, row static address Vpn+tBeing 0, all the other row static address are 1, row static address Aqm, row static address Aqm-1Being 0, remaining row static address is 1; Thus controlling t, pn+t to arrange splicing control switch and qm-1, qm row splicing control switch OFF, all the other splicing control switches are opened;It is spliced into q row the 1st row splicing pixel cell by qm-(m-1) row the��the qm row, the 1st row��t row pixel, qm-(m-1) row the��the qm row, pth n+t-(n-1) row��pth n+t row pixel is spliced into q row pth+1 row splicing pixel cell; It is spliced into last string splicing pixel cell by qm-(m-1) row the��the qm row, remaining columns pixel; The total electrical charge now respectively splicing pixel cell is read as the pixel value of image after splicing by row; Wherein t��n/2;
By that analogy, between successive frame, splice pixel cell by string s/m row downwards or change pixel splicing rule by the mode of level string t/n row splicing pixel cell, press the total electrical charge respectively splicing pixel cell after row reads change pixel splicing rule as the pixel value of image after splicing, thus obtaining spliced each two field picture;
Described imageing sensor, including M N pixel array, the wherein line number of M, N respectively pel array and columns; For any one the pixel P in pel array(i,j), its 2nd FD end (2) and adjacent lines pixel P(i+1,j)A FD end (1) be directly connected to, and pixel P(i,j)The 2nd FD end (2) control switch (5) and adjacent lines pixel P by the splicing of row(i+1,j)The 2nd FD end (2) connect, control switch (6) and adjacent column pixel P by a row splicing(i,j+1)The 2nd FD end (2) connect; The wherein line number at i, j respectively this pixel place and row number.
2. the string sub-pixed mapping read method of image sensor pixel according to claim 1 splicing array, it is characterised in that described m=2, n=1, s=1.
3. the string sub-pixed mapping read method of image sensor pixel according to claim 1 splicing array, it is characterised in that described m=1, n=2, t=1.
4. the string sub-pixed mapping read method of image sensor pixel according to claim 1 splicing array, it is characterised in that described m=2, n=2; S=1 or t=1.
5. the string sub-pixed mapping read method of image sensor pixel according to claim 1 splicing array, it is characterised in that described m=3, n=3; S=1 or t=1.
6. the string sub-pixed mapping read method of image sensor pixel according to claim 1 splicing array, it is characterised in that described m=4, n=5; S=1 or s=2.
7. the string sub-pixed mapping read method of image sensor pixel according to claim 1 splicing array, it is characterised in that described m=4, n=5; T=1 or t=2.
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| CN101213829A (en) * | 2005-06-01 | 2008-07-02 | 伊斯曼柯达公司 | CMOS image sensor pixel with selectable binning |
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