CN103455951A - Method for relay protection simulation based on short-circuit power directions - Google Patents
Method for relay protection simulation based on short-circuit power directions Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for relay protection simulation based on the short-circuit power directions. The method comprises the following steps that short-circuit calculation is conducted according to fault information so that the short-circuit power direction of each circuit can be obtained; hierarchical topology analysis is conducted in each short-circuit power direction so that a short-circuit power flow direction and protection range value can be obtained; the short-circuit flow direction and protection range value is compared with a preset value and whether protection is started or not is judged; if protection is not started, protection is reverted, and if protection is started, protection starting information is given and added to a protection starting array; protective actions satisfying the requirements in the protection starting array are executed; short-circuit calculation and flow-distribution calculation are conducted so that whether faults are isolated or not can be judged; if the faults are isolated, protection is reverted; if the faults are not isolated, the steps are repeated and fault calculation is conducted again. The method has the advantages of a logical judgment method and a constant value comparing method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of emulation mode of relay protection of power system, relate in particular to a kind of Protection simulation method based on the orientation of short-circuit power judgement, belong to the Simulating technique in Electric Power System field.
Background technology
Protection simulation is the important component part of grid simulation, substation simulation, and it has simulated the action situation of protective relaying device under the failure condition.The Protection simulation system can be trained the processing power of operation of power networks personnel to abnormal accident, for the safe and stable operation that guarantees electrical network, very important meaning is arranged.
At present, in electrical network, substation simulation, the emulation mode of relay protection system mainly contains two kinds: definite value relative method and logic relative method.Be described as follows:
The definite value relative method is through calculation of fault, calculates the measured value of each relay protection; The parameter such as the voltage obtained according to monitoring, electric current and protection definite value compare; Whether definite protection moves, and then take the time definite value as the outlet criterion, exactly the acting characteristic of emulation protection; And, by modification time definite value and delay time, adjust the matching relationship of protection.The advantage of definite value relative method is: do not rely on failure message and network topology search, logical relation is simple; But its shortcoming is: the accuracy requirement to electric network model is very high, otherwise is easy to the phenomenon that occurs that the protection simulation result does not conform to the actual conditions; Maintenance for protection setting valve under different running method will increase googol according to maintenance workload to the user.
The logic determining method need not carry out calculation of fault, by the information of fault and protective relaying device mount message and protection philosophy, processes the protection action.It carries out detailed network connection information topology search by trouble spot, and to determine the isolating switch of the required tripping operation of excision fault, the logical laws in conjunction with protective relaying device time delay of action and device realize simultaneously.Its advantage is that the data maintenance amount is little, and quick-action and optionally requirement are content with very little; Shortcoming is: when relating to different electric pressure protection cooperation, search utility is owing to lacking necessary definite value information, and easily judgement makes mistakes, the phenomenon of the failure made the mistake; The reasonable coordination of the logical relation between the looped network adjacent lines also is difficult for realizing in addition.
As shown in Figure 1, the AB line is circuit between A station and B station, supposes that fault occurs in 10% place, distance C station on the BC circuit.At first attempt analyzing the action situation of protection with the logic determining method.Carry out topological analysis from trouble spot; can know that fault occurs on the BC line; logic is confirmable is the meeting action of B station BC route protection and C station BC line route protection; if but when the route protection of BC line both sides all during tripping; almost can't judge by the method for logic the action situation of the route protection of BE line; because in order to guarantee the selectivity of route protection; general route protection all passes through the power directional element locking; only have the protection that power is positive dirction to move, and the power supply capacity when direction of power and short circuit, the parameter of circuit have relation.So being the logic determining method, this defect can't eliminate.And employing definite value determining method is all higher due to the requirement of the computational accuracy to model, parameter, short-circuit current, also be difficult to meet the demand of emulation training.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of Protection simulation method based on orientation of short-circuit power.
For realizing above-mentioned goal of the invention, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of Protection simulation method based on orientation of short-circuit power, comprise the steps:
Carry out short circuit calculation according to failure message, obtain the orientation of short-circuit power of each circuit;
Carry out the hierarchical topology analysis along power direction, obtain short-circuit power and flow to and the protection domain value;
Short-circuit power is flowed to and protection domain value and preset value comparison, whether the judgement protection starts;
If protection does not start protects involution, if protection starts provides the protection log-on message, add the starting protection queue;
Carry out the protection action satisfied condition in the starting protection queue;
Carry out short circuit calculation and trend distribution calculating, whether failure judgement isolates;
If having isolated, fault protects involution; If fault is not isolated, return and re-start calculation of fault.
Wherein more preferably, described fault essential information comprise that short circuit is separate, short circuit character, fault type.
Wherein more preferably, the step of described short circuit calculation further comprises:
Utilize symmetrical component method, according to failure message, determine unbalanced fault order component boundary condition;
According to each order impedance of calculation of parameter of generator, transformer, overhead transmission line, load and form equivalent circuit, form positive sequence, negative phase-sequence, zero sequence net and compound sequence network after short circuit;
Calculate each branch, short-circuit electric current, voltage.
Wherein more preferably, describedly carry out the hierarchical topology analysis along power direction and carry out along the short-circuit power positive dirction, described positive dirction is for being flowed to the direction of circuit by bus.
Wherein more preferably, the step of acquisition orientation of short-circuit power further comprises:
Adopt the recursion cycle algorithm, start from trouble spot to analyze, find all nodes that directly are connected with trouble spot, judge that the short-circuit power of this node flows to,
If find the short-circuit power of node to flow to as just, this node added in the node array;
If find the short-circuit power of node to flow to not for just, by topological connection relation, obtain other node.
Wherein more preferably, the described protection action satisfied condition refers to the protection action that meets switch time delay and protection domain two aspect conditions.
Wherein more preferably, when obtaining the protection domain value, the search depth conversion that will carry out the hierarchical topology analysis along power direction is the protection domain value.
The present invention combines the advantage of logic determining method and definite value relative method two aspects.On the basis of analyzing in logical topology, introduced orientation of short-circuit power as criterion, made up the unity logic topological analysis and lacked necessary information, can't realize that judgement needs the action problem of transformer back-up protection and the loop grid protection of short-circuit current direction.With respect to the definite value relative method, the present invention replaces the comparison of short-circuit current value size by the protection domain value, thereby, on the basis of following the relay protection setting principle, with protection domain, has simplified actual computation.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is an examples of circuits of carrying out relay protection operation in prior art;
The overall flow schematic diagram that Fig. 2 is Protection simulation method provided by the present invention;
Fig. 3 is an examples of circuits of carrying out relay protection operation in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is in this Protection simulation method, the process flow diagram of judgement orientation of short-circuit power.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
The purpose of relay protection setting is mainly in order to meet the requirement of relay protection to rapidity, sensitivity, selectivity and reliability.Wherein, in relay protection, to the basic demand of direction element, be: when various fault occurs in dead ahead, can move reliably, and, when reverse direction failure, be failure to actuate reliably.In order to meet four property requirements of relay protection, between the setting valve between the various defencive functions of each protective device or same device and power direction, certain matching relationship is arranged.For example: apart from 80% of I segment protect total track length, and reliably be failure to actuate while guaranteeing the adjacent lines fault; Apart from the total length of II segment protect circuit, and coordinate apart from the I section with adjacent lines, scope is no more than the protection domain of adjacent lines apart from the I section; Apart from III segment protect total track length and with the matching apart from the II section of adjacent lines.Hence one can see that, and the setting valve of various protections is mainly reflected in two aspects, and one is time coordination, and another is protection domain.
On this basis, the present invention proposes a kind of Protection simulation method based on orientation of short-circuit power.As shown in Figure 2, the comprising the steps: of this Protection simulation method carried out short circuit calculation according to the fault essential information, obtains the orientation of short-circuit power of each circuit; Carry out the hierarchical topology analysis along power direction, find out short-circuit power and flow to and the protection domain value; Short-circuit power is flowed to and protection domain value and preset value comparison, whether the judgement protection starts; If protection does not start protects involution, if protection starts provides the protection log-on message, join the starting protection queue.Below this is launched detailed specific description.
At first, introduce and carry out short circuit calculation according to the fault essential information, obtain the step of the orientation of short-circuit power of each circuit.
Be provided with internal clocking in the electric system simulation calculation procedure, internal clocking is often passed by and within 0.01 second, is considered as a step-length.In the electric system simulation calculation procedure, often walk a step-length and all can judge whether electric system receives the failure message that outer interface sends.Be called fault scanning according to the failure condition of internal clocking judgement electric system.The failure message of electric system mainly comprises that short circuit is separate (for example, A phase, B phase, C phase, AB phase, BC phase, CA phase, BC phase), short circuit character (for example, single-phase earthing, alternate, two phase ground short circuit), fault type (for example, circuit, load, main transformer, bus, capacity reactance etc.) etc.
When the electric system simulation calculation procedure detects electric system fault is arranged, according to failure message, carry out short circuit calculation.In the present invention, utilize symmetrical component method (method of symmetrical components), according to failure message, determine unbalanced fault order component boundary condition, according to each order impedance of calculation of parameter of generator, transformer, overhead transmission line, load and form equivalent circuit, form positive sequence, negative phase-sequence, zero sequence net and compound sequence network after short circuit, calculate each branch, short-circuit electric current, voltage, obtain the orientation of short-circuit power of each branch road, and obtain position of failure point according to failure message.
Below by examples of circuits as shown in Figure 3, the orientation of short-circuit power that obtains each circuit is elaborated.
In the examples of circuits shown in Fig. 3, comprise A, B, C, D, E, six transformer stations of F, the initial character that the circuit name of two transformer stations is got two stations forms, and for example the AB line is circuit between A station and B station, and the CD line is the circuit between C station and D station etc.Assumed fault occurs in 10% place, distance C station on the BC circuit.When breaking down, first pass through short circuit calculation, obtain the orientation of short-circuit power of each circuit as shown by the arrows in Figure 3.The direction of AB line short power is being for just, and the direction of EB line short power is being for just, and the direction of EC line short power is being for just, and the direction of FE line short power is being for just, and the direction of BC line short power is not for just.
In the examples of circuits shown in Fig. 3, when breaking down, we first pass through short circuit calculation, obtain the orientation of short-circuit power of each circuit.As shown in Figure 4, after obtaining orientation of short-circuit power, adopt and carry out topological analysis along the topology search method of power direction.
Secondly, introduce and carry out the hierarchical topology analysis along power direction, obtain the step of the short-circuit power flow direction and protection domain value.
Topological analysis is analyzed the annexation of electrical equipment.For example: 1 switch can be defined as the both-end element that a band cut-offs relation in topological analysis.The both-end element has two connected nodes, by one of them connected node, can obtain another connected node, by this connected node, finds and is attached thereto other switches, by this switch, can obtain other connected node again.
As shown in Figure 4, while along the power positive dirction, carrying out the hierarchical topology analysis, adopt the recursion cycle algorithm, from trouble spot, start to analyze, find all nodes that directly are connected with trouble spot, the short-circuit power that simultaneously judges this node flows to, if find the short-circuit power of node to flow to as just, this node is added in the node array.If find the short-circuit power of node to flow to not for just, by topological connection relation, obtain other node.Analyze according to the method described above by all positive dirction nodes that directly are connected with trouble spot, obtain again the node be connected with them, the short-circuit power flow direction is added in the node array for the node of positive dirction simultaneously.So obtaining layer by layer short-circuit power flows to as positive node and all adds in the node array.Short-circuit power flows to and flows to the circuit orientation determination by bus, and it is that positive dirction means with numerical value 1 that bus flows to line direction; It is that numerical value for negative direction-1 means that bus flows to line direction, and short-circuit power is 0 and means with numerical value 0.Can move when positive dirction and just this protection direction value is made as to 1 in protection, during negative direction, can move and just be made as-1, can not judge that direction just is set to 0.
After finding out the short-circuit power flow direction, need and preset the protection direction to compare, if short-circuit power flows to the satisfied default direction of protecting, also will further judge whether protection domain can reach default protection domain.
Protection domain is the electrical distance that faults is put the protection installation place, with orientation of short-circuit power, calculates the protection domain value.Protection domain is the scope of expection by covering that protective device is protected, and surpassing this protection domain protective device will be failure to actuate.For example: the protection domain of 80%, the II section that the 1st section of distance protection can only be protected this total track length is for this total track length and the part of extend to down-section circuit, be generally protected circuit total length and under-circuit I segment protect scope.The standby section that the III section is I, II segment protect, it can be protected the total length of this circuit and next section circuit and extend to next section circuit II segment protect scope again.
In one embodiment of the invention, protection domain protection domain value representation.The concrete grammar that calculates the protection domain value with orientation of short-circuit power is as follows: this side of supposition circuit CT(current transformer, current transformer) value range to opposite end CT is 1, can know the number percent of short dot off-line road two ends CT by failure message, if circuit is in the short circuit of 50% place, from trouble spot, starting to this side line road protection CT value range is 0.5, to the offside value range, is also 0.5; If trouble spot on the line, according to the percentage conversion of fault, for example: fault occurs near region 10%, and it is 0.1 that ，Cong trouble spot, this side line road starts to this side line road value range; The offside circuit, from trouble spot, starting to offside line range value is 0.9.Calculate the fault coverage determined value with orientation of short-circuit power, as shown in table 1.
| Sequence number | Type | The protection domain value | Remarks |
| 1 | Main protection | 1 | Along orientation of short-circuit power |
| 2 | Apart from I section, zero sequence I segment protect | 0.8 | Along orientation of short-circuit power |
| 3 | Apart from II section, zero sequence II segment protect | 1.8 | Along orientation of short-circuit power |
| 4 | Apart from III section, zero sequence III segment protect | 2.8 | Along orientation of short-circuit power |
The example of table 1 route protection preset range value
In the present invention, with orientation of short-circuit power, definite protection domain value relatively carrys out to substitute short-circuit current size definite value relatively, compares and determines which protection can start with the default value range of protection, thereby start the relay protection action.
On the other hand, the search depth conversion that the present invention will carry out the hierarchical topology analysis along power direction is the protection domain value.Search depth refers to the number of plies of topological analysis.For example: start search by 1 switching node, searching out all other switches that are connected with this node is ground floor, and the other node searching by these connected switches arrives connected switch in addition so, is the second layer, such the like.If: apart from the 10% place short circuit of circuit head end.From trouble spot, the node that search depth 0 directly is connected with trouble spot for search.For this circuit headend node and endpoint node, head end is 0.1 apart from trouble spot electrical distance value like this, and end is 0.9.The adjacent lines node that search depth 1 is connected with this circuit first and last end node for search.With this circuit head end adjacent lines owing to crossing 1 circuit, apart from trouble spot distance value+1, be 1.1, with this line end adjacent lines owing to crossing 1 circuit, apart from trouble spot distance value+1, be 1.9.Search depth 2 is search and these adjacent lines nodes adjacent such electrical distance value again+1 of All other routes again.Search, from trouble spot, search for more and more darker apart from trouble spot so layer by layer.
Definite process of protection domain is as follows: at first individual assumed condition arranged, suppose that this side of circuit is 1 to the electrical distance value of opposite end.When the protection domain of certain protection being set and calculating the actual electrical distance apart from trouble spot of protection, be all under this assumed condition, electrical distance to be quantized.If apart from circuit head end 50% place short circuit (breaking down), apart from first and last end protection electrical distance, just can mean with numerical value 0.5, if apart from the 10% place short circuit of circuit head end, apart from head end protection electrical distance, just can mean with numerical value 0.1, end is 0.9.We can obtain the electrical distance numerical value of all protections apart from trouble spot like this, then with these values and the protection domain numerical value that presets, compare, and obtaining which protection can move.
Suppose that this side of circuit CT is 1 to the value range of opposite end CT, power direction flows to circuit for just from bus, and we can obtain the reference value of the protection domain of all circuits thus, as shown in table 2:
The reference value of table 2 route protection scope
Short-circuit power is flowed to and protection domain value and preset value comparison, whether the judgement protection starts.If protection does not start protects involution; If protection starts provides the protection log-on message, join the starting protection queue.Carry out the protection action satisfied condition in the starting protection queue, satisfying condition here refers to the condition that meets switch time delay and protection domain two aspects.Be described as follows:
It is positive dirction that short-circuit power flows to circuit by bus, with numerical value 1, means; Otherwise for numerical value for negative direction-1 means.Short-circuit power is 0 and means with numerical value 0.Relay protection can be moved and just this protection direction value is made as to 1 when positive dirction, during negative direction, can move and just be made as-1, can not judge that direction just is set to 0.Every kind of protection has certain protection domain.For example: apart from I segment protect total track length approximately 80%, protection preset range value is 0.8.Apart from the I section fiting tuning of II section and adjacent protection, the protection preset range is 1.8.If fault occurs in circuit 50% place, now the guard space apart from the circuit both sides is 0.5, apart from adjacent lines distance, is 1.5, whether see in the scope default in protection 0.5<0.8<1.8, is now apart from the I section, apart from the protection domain of II section at this circuit.If fault occurs in circuit head end 10% place, apart from the circuit head end, be 0.1, apart from line end, be 0.9, now circuit head end guard space I section 0.1<0.8 can be moved, and end-to-end distance is not just moved from I section 0.9>0.8, apart from the II section, can move.
In the present invention, calculate step-length with the iteration of simulations of electrical network dynamic calculation and advance simulation time.Owing to after the protection action launching, to final action of switch, the switch time delay (being the actuating of relay intrinsic time) of 30ms being arranged.All trip protection actions all are added in a tripping operation queue, after it's the actuating of relay intrinsic time has been past isolating switch, just carry out switch changed position.After switch changed position, the power network topology relation changes.Now need to carry out immediately short circuit calculation and trend distribution calculating, judge whether fault is isolated (being whether orientation of short-circuit power is 0).If having isolated, fault protects involution; If fault is not isolated, return and re-start calculation of fault.
In sum, Protection simulation method provided by the invention combines the advantage of logic determining method and definite value relative method two aspects.On the basis of analyzing in logical topology, introduced orientation of short-circuit power as criterion, made up the unity logic topological analysis and lacked necessary information, can't realize that judgement needs the action problem of transformer back-up protection and the loop grid protection of short-circuit current direction.Relatively and the definite value relative method; replace the comparison of short-circuit current value size by the protection domain value, thereby in the situation that follow the relay protection setting principle, with protection domain, simplified actual computation; and the protection domain of various protections has setting principle, no longer need to safeguard a large amount of value data.
Above the Protection simulation method based on orientation of short-circuit power provided by the present invention is had been described in detail.To those skilled in the art, any apparent change of under the prerequisite that does not deviate from connotation of the present invention, it being done, all will form infringement of patent right of the present invention, will bear corresponding legal liabilities.
Claims (7)
1. the Protection simulation method based on orientation of short-circuit power, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Carry out short circuit calculation according to failure message, obtain the orientation of short-circuit power of each circuit;
Carry out hierarchical topology along power direction and analyze the z acquisition short-circuit power flow direction and protection domain value;
Short-circuit power is flowed to and protection domain value and preset value comparison, whether the judgement protection starts;
If protection does not start protects involution, if protection starts provides the protection log-on message, add the starting protection queue;
Carry out the protection action satisfied condition in the starting protection queue;
Carry out short circuit calculation and trend distribution calculating, whether failure judgement isolates;
If having isolated, fault protects involution; If fault is not isolated, return and re-start calculation of fault.
2. Protection simulation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described fault essential information comprises that short circuit is separate, short circuit character, fault type.
3. Protection simulation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the step of described short circuit calculation further comprises:
Utilize symmetrical component method, according to failure message, determine unbalanced fault order component boundary condition;
According to each order impedance of calculation of parameter of generator, transformer, overhead transmission line, load and form equivalent circuit, form positive sequence, negative phase-sequence, zero sequence net and compound sequence network after short circuit;
Calculate each branch, short-circuit electric current, voltage.
4. Protection simulation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Describedly carry out the hierarchical topology analysis along power direction and carry out along the short-circuit power positive dirction, described positive dirction is for being flowed to the direction of circuit by bus.
5. Protection simulation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the step that obtains orientation of short-circuit power further comprises:
Adopt the recursion cycle algorithm, start from trouble spot to analyze, find all nodes that directly are connected with trouble spot, judge that the short-circuit power of this node flows to,
If find the short-circuit power of node to flow to as just, this node added in the node array;
If find the short-circuit power of node to flow to not for just, by topological connection relation, obtain other node.
6. Protection simulation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
The described protection action satisfied condition refers to the protection action that meets switch time delay and protection domain two aspect conditions.
7. Protection simulation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
When obtaining the protection domain value, the search depth conversion that will carry out the hierarchical topology analysis along power direction is the protection domain value.
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| CN111725778B (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2022-03-11 | 湖南省湘电试验研究院有限公司 | Line protection CT disconnection locking method, system and medium under condition of reversed trend |
| CN113030643A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-25 | 国网山东省电力公司聊城供电公司 | Fault analysis method and system for distribution network voltage source type distributed power supply |
| CN113030643B (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2023-01-31 | 国网山东省电力公司聊城供电公司 | Fault analysis method and system for distribution network voltage source type distributed power supply |
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