CN106026048A - DC grid fault handling strategy based on in-situ detection and in -situ protection - Google Patents
DC grid fault handling strategy based on in-situ detection and in -situ protection Download PDFInfo
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- CN106026048A CN106026048A CN201610561801.4A CN201610561801A CN106026048A CN 106026048 A CN106026048 A CN 106026048A CN 201610561801 A CN201610561801 A CN 201610561801A CN 106026048 A CN106026048 A CN 106026048A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
Abstract
The invention discloses a DC grid fault handling strategy based on in-situ detection and in -situ protection. The strategy is applied to a flexible DC grid which is based on a half-bridge sub-module MMC (Modular Multilevel Converter), is connected by overhead lines and is equipped with hybrid high-voltage DC circuit breakers. When a line in the DC grid has a DC fault, the circuit breakers at the two sides of the line complete fault detection and tripping action independently according to the magnitude of current flowing through a load transfer switch. There is no need for coordination between the two circuit breakers, and there is no need for a relay protection system to locate the fault. The fault handling strategy is of very high rapidity and selectivity, and fault handling can be generally completed in a few milliseconds. The fault handling strategy is very suitable for a DC grid. The level of fault current needing to be cut off by the DC current breakers can be lowered greatly. Therefore, the cost of DC circuit breakers is reduced, and the application prospect of the flexible DC grid is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of power systems, be specifically related to a kind of based on detecting the straight of in-situ protection on the spot
Stream electric network fault processes strategy.
Background technology
Along with the day by day exhausted of fossil energy and the increase day by day improving ambient pressure, large-scale development and utilization
New forms of energy are imperative.In order to solve new-energy grid-connected and the problem of dissolving, based on voltage source converter, special
It it not the flexible direct current electrical network of modularization multi-level converter (Modular Multilevel Converter, MMC)
Technology is increasingly becoming the focus of academic research.Flexible direct current electrical network can make full use of various energy resources
Complementary characteristic and existing alternating current-direct current equipment for power transmission and distribution, it is achieved wide area on a large scale in the distributing rationally of energy resources,
The reliable of extensive new forms of energy electric power is accessed and the lifting of existing Operation of Electric Systems stability, has wide
Application prospect.
DC Line Fault is the key factor of restriction Technology of HVDC based Voltage Source Converter development.Compared to AC system, directly
The damping of streaming system is relatively low, therefore its fault progression faster, control protection difficulty bigger.Work at present
The main flow thinking of journey circle is the half-bridge submodule that current conversion station uses that economy is high, installs direct current additional at DC side simultaneously
Chopper is to process DC Line Fault.
Compared to other types chopper, based on conventional mechanical switch and the hybrid open circuit of power electronic devices
Device has most the prospect of large-scale commercial application.In November, 2012, ABB AB announces that its exploitation is born
The hybrid high voltage DC breaker in first of boundary, switch off time is 5ms, and current breaking capacity is about 9kA.Its base
This structure is as shown in Figure 1.Wherein, daily through-flow route supper-fast mechanical switch and electric current transfer switch string
Connection is constituted；Fault cutout route main circuit breaker is constituted.The basic structure of each several part is as follows:
(1) main circuit breaker: be in series by multiple switch elements, the most each switch element all include some just,
The IGBT of differential concatenation and anti-paralleled diode, and it is equipped with independent spark gap；For promoting cut-offfing of chopper
Ability, can use IGBT parallel-connection structure.Main circuit breaker need to possess two-way cutout ability, and it is the most electric to bear pole
Pressure.
(2) electric current transfer switch: concrete structure is similar with main circuit breaker, is in series by multiple switch elements,
The most each switch element all includes IGBT and the anti-paralleled diode of some forward and reverse series connection.Due to it not
Needing to bear higher voltage, therefore its required power electronic devices is less.Electric current transfer switch need to possess
Two-way cutout ability.
(3) supper-fast mechanical switch: need to have the ability of quick disconnecting circuit under zero current condition, currently grind
Under the ability of sending out, its switch off time is about 2ms.
But the economy of this chopper is relatively big by system failure detection time effects, and this is also to restrict this side
The key factor of case feasibility.General categories based on this chopper is the way continuing to use AC network, first by
Relay protection system judges the position of fault, then by chopper isolated fault circuit.But this way is to continuing
The rapidity of electric protection system and selectivity propose and require fault location speed under high requirement, generic condition
Spend an order of magnitude faster than common AC line protection.If the fault location speed of direct current network rests on a little
To in a fault location speed of Traditional DC transmission of electricity, i.e. fault location time is at about 10ms, then requirement
The fault current levels that dc circuit breaker cuts off will rise to the highest level, makes making of dc circuit breaker
Valency significantly rises.Its consequence is seriously to limit half-bridge submodule MMC to add this network forming of dc circuit breaker
The application of mode.
Summary of the invention
For the above-mentioned technical problem existing for prior art, the invention provides a kind of based on just detecting on the spot
The direct current network troubleshooting strategy of ground protection, can effectively promote the response speed of the interior dc circuit breaker of net.
A kind of based on detecting the direct current network troubleshooting strategy of in-situ protection on the spot, it is applied to based on MMC
Flexible direct current power transmission system, and current conversion station in system uses true bi-polar arrangement mode, and each current conversion station is with straight
Between stream transmission line of electricity, hybrid high voltage DC breaker, described hybrid high voltage DC breaker are installed
Including main circuit breaker, electric current transfer switch and supper-fast mechanical switch；
Described direct current network troubleshooting strategy includes inverter aspect and hybrid high voltage DC breaker layer
The two aspect protections in face, wherein:
The protection of inverter aspect: i.e. install amperometric additional on each brachium pontis of MMC, when arbitrary brachium pontis electricity
Stream exceedes threshold value Iblock, then by this MMC place current conversion station locking at once；
The protection of hybrid high voltage DC breaker aspect: i.e. install additional on electric current transfer switch and main circuit breaker
Amperometric, when flowing to the electric current of electric current transfer switch more than threshold value Iopen, the most at once to electric current transfer switch
Apply to cut-off action；When electric current transfer switch completes to cut-off, then the electric current flowing through electric current transfer switch drops to 0,
Now apply to cut-off action to supper-fast mechanical switch；When supper-fast mechanical switch completes to cut-off, if now flowing
Through the electric current of main circuit breaker more than threshold value Iopen, apply to cut-off action to main circuit breaker the most at once；If now flowing through
The electric current of main circuit breaker is less than or equal to threshold value Iopen, then keep the on off state that main circuit breaker is previous, wouldn't action.
In described system, between each current conversion station, connected mode can be divided into radial pattern or reticular pattern etc..
Described threshold value IblockIt is set as 2 times of MMC submodule used IGBT rated current.
Described threshold value IopenIt is set as flowing through the 2 of hybrid high voltage DC breaker maximum current under normal circumstances
Times.
For the current conversion station of locking in fault treating procedure, should unlock as early as possible after fault clearance, just recover
Often running status, and run by the control strategy before fault generation.
For the hybrid high voltage DC breaker of non-fault line both sides, if in fault treating procedure due to
The electric current flowed through is more than threshold value IopenAnd complete to cut-off action, again should close in time after confirming fault location
Close.
In existing direct current network troubleshooting strategy, the actuating signal of chopper needs protective relaying device complete
Send after becoming fault location.Fault location time is typically at about 10ms at present, and this makes dc circuit breaker need
Fault current to be cut off rises to the highest level, makes the cost of dc circuit breaker significantly increase.And
Under strategy proposed by the invention, the chopper complete independently fault detect of circuit both sides and trip operation,
Need not between the two coordinate；Therefore troubleshooting strategy of the present invention has high rapidity and a selectivity, one
As can complete at several ms, be very suitable for direct current network, can be substantially reduced and require that dc circuit breaker is cut
Disconnected fault current levels, thus reduce the cost of dc circuit breaker.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of hybrid high voltage DC breaker.
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of the present invention hybrid high voltage DC breaker action policy.
Fig. 3 is that the present invention emulates the structural representation of DC transmission system in example.
Fig. 4 is that the present invention emulates the current waveform schematic diagram flowing through 8 dc circuit breakers in example.
Fig. 5 (a) is that the present invention emulates dc circuit breaker B in example24High-speed disconnecting switch, main circuit breaker power device
Current waveform schematic diagram in part and main circuit breaker spark gap.
Fig. 5 (b) is that the present invention emulates dc circuit breaker B in example24High-speed disconnecting switch, main circuit breaker power device
Voltage waveform view in part and main circuit breaker spark gap.
Fig. 6 (a) is that the present invention emulates dc circuit breaker B in example42High-speed disconnecting switch, main circuit breaker power device
Current waveform schematic diagram in part and main circuit breaker spark gap.
Fig. 6 (b) is that the present invention emulates dc circuit breaker B in example42High-speed disconnecting switch, main circuit breaker power device
Voltage waveform view in part and main circuit breaker spark gap.
Fig. 7 (a) is that the present invention emulates the current waveform schematic diagram flowing through current conversion station smoothing reactor in example.
Fig. 7 (b) is the DC voltage waveform schematic diagram that the present invention emulates current conversion station port in example.
Fig. 7 (c) is that the present invention emulates the internal brachium pontis current waveform schematic diagram of current conversion station in example.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more specifically describe the present invention, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the detailed description of the invention skill to the present invention
Art scheme and relative theory thereof are described in detail.
The present invention based in the direct current network troubleshooting strategy detecting in-situ protection on the spot, the group of direct current network
Becoming as follows: modularization multi-level converter uses half-bridge submodule, DC line uses overhead transmission line to be connected,
DC side is equipped with the hybrid high voltage DC breaker that ABB AB proposes.In direct current network, each flexible direct current
Current conversion station uses true bi-polar arrangement mode, and between each current conversion station, connected mode can be divided into radial pattern, reticular pattern etc..
Direct current network troubleshooting strategy of the present invention, including two aspects:
First aspect is the protection of inverter aspect.6 brachium pontis at MMC inverter all install brachium pontis additional
Amperometric, detection flows through the size of the bridge arm current of this brachium pontis.If arbitrarily the bridge arm current of brachium pontis is big
In block action threshold value I being manually setblock, then this current conversion station locking at once.The block action being manually set
Threshold value IblockMay be set to 2 times of rated current of the IGBT that submodule is used.
Second aspect is the protection of hybrid high voltage DC breaker aspect.Hybrid high voltage DC breaker
Structure as shown in Figure 1.The electric current transfer switch of hybrid high voltage DC breaker installs DC current additional
Detector, as the electric current I flowing through dc circuit breaker electric current transfer switchLCSAction is cut-off more than be manually set
Threshold value IopenTime, this electric current transfer switch carries out cut-offfing action at once, and this moment is designated as the t1 moment.Artificially set
Fixed cut-offs action threshold value IopenMay be set to 2 times of maximum current of current through line under normal circumstances.During t2
Carving, the electric current flowing through electric current transfer switch drops to 0, sends supper-fast mechanical switch and cut-offs signal.During t3
Carving, supper-fast mechanical switch distributes into and cut-offs action, and detection now flows through the electric current I of main circuit breakerMBIf, still
More than Iopen, then main circuit breaker is sent and cut-offs signal；If less than Iopen, then main circuit breaker is standby,
Wouldn't action, until electric current is more than IopenOr relay protection system sends action command；Idiographic flow such as Fig. 2
Shown in.
Wherein, for the current conversion station of locking in fault treating procedure, should unlock as early as possible after fault clearance,
Recovering normal operating condition, the control strategy before occurring according to fault runs.For non-fault line both sides
Hybrid high voltage DC breaker, if big owing to flowing through the electric current of electric current transfer switch in fault treating procedure
Cut-off action threshold value in be manually set and complete and cut-off action, should after confirming fault location the most again
Guan Bi.
Direct current network as shown in Figure 3 is below used to carry out simulating, verifying.Direct current network initial operating state is such as
Shown in table 1.Wherein current conversion station 4 uses and determines voltage operation, and remaining current conversion station all uses determines Power operation, changes
The AC power at stream station 1,2,3 is respectively-200MW ,-400MW and 200MW.
Table 1
Conventional measures is dominated fault treating procedure by relay protection system.The fault investigated is current conversion station 2
And the DC line generation one pole ground short circuit between current conversion station 4.If (t=0s) test system is when emulation starts
Enter steady-state operation.B is switched at positive DC during t=10ms24There is one pole ground short circuit in line side.T=20ms
Time relay protection system complete fault location, dc circuit breaker B24And B42Electric current transfer switch action,
During t=20.25ms, high-speed disconnecting switch is applied cut-off signal；During t=22.25ms, high-speed disconnecting switch completes out
Disconnected, main circuit breaker action.
Strategy of the present invention is based on the fault treating procedure detecting in-situ protection on the spot.For this test system,
The submodule rated current of current conversion station 1 and 3 is 1.5kA, and the submodule rated current of current conversion station 2 and 4 is
3.0kA.Therefore, for current conversion station 1 and 3, group blocks current reaches current conversion station locking during 3.0kA；Right
In current conversion station 2 and 4, group blocks current reaches current conversion station locking during 6.0kA.All direct currents in test system
Maximum current under circuit normal running (operation) conditions is both less than 3.0kA, therefore when flowing through the transfer of dc circuit breaker electric current
When the electric current of switch is more than 6kA, this electric current transfer switch is with regard to action, and starts this dc circuit breaker action
Whole process.
Primarily look at the DC line generation one pole ground short circuit fault between current conversion station 2 and current conversion station 4.If
When emulation starts, (t=0s) test system has been enter into steady-state operation.B is switched at positive DC during t=10ms24Circuit
There is one pole ground short circuit in side.Fig. 4 gives the current waveform flowing through 8 dc circuit breakers, it can be seen that
The chopper B of faulty line both sides24And B421.6ms and 8.8ms reaches its working value also the most after a failure
Action, at chopper B24And B42After action, the electric current flowing through other choppers begins to decline, thus other
Chopper will not action.
Fig. 5 gives mixed type dc circuit breaker B24Response characteristic；Fig. 6 gives mixed type direct current interruption
Device B42Response characteristic；Fig. 7 gives the response characteristic of current conversion station.From fig. 5, it can be seen that for short circuit
Point chopper B nearby24, current value during electric current transfer switch action is 6.0kA, during main circuit breaker action
Electric current be 12.6kA, after main circuit breaker disconnects, the voltage that bears of moment is 890.6kV, is direct current network volume
Determine voltage 1.78 times.From fig. 6, it can be seen that for short dot chopper B at a distance42, electric current call away to
The current value during action of pass is 6.0kA, and electric current during main circuit breaker action is 7.1kA, after main circuit breaker disconnects
The voltage that moment bears is 831.9kV, is 1.66 times of direct current network rated voltage.
From figure 7 it can be seen that for the current conversion station 2 and 1 close to short dot, flow through the electricity of smoothing reactor
Stream respectively reaches 6.6kA and 4.6kA, bridge arm current not less than 2 times of its rated current, current conversion station 2 He
1 without locking；B24And B42Main circuit breaker cut-off moment the whole network overvoltage and reach peak value, wherein current conversion station 3
Exit potential reaches 1054.0kV, exceedes 2 times of its rated voltage.
B is switched for positive DC24There is one pole ground short circuit fault in line side, table 2 gives 2 kinds of faults
Process the Performance comparision of strategy.
Table 2
| Classification | Strategy 1 | Strategy 2 |
| B24 electric current transfer switch movement time/ms | 10ms | 11.6ms |
| B24 electric current transfer switch action current/kA | 23.4kA | 6.0kA |
| B24 main circuit breaker action current/kA | 19.2kA | 12.6kA |
| The overvoltage multiple that after the disconnection of B24 main circuit breaker, moment bears | 1.87 again | 1.78 again |
| B42 electric current transfer switch movement time/ms | 10ms | 8.8ms |
| B42 electric current transfer switch action current/kA | 5.5kA | 6.0kA |
| B42 main circuit breaker action current/kA | 6.5kA | 7.1kA |
| The overvoltage multiple that after the disconnection of B42 main circuit breaker, moment bears | 1.65 again | 1.66 again |
| Flow through the current maxima/kA of current conversion station 1 smoothing reactor | 7.3kA | 4.6kA |
| Flow through the current maxima/kA of current conversion station 2 smoothing reactor | 14.3kA | 6.6kA |
| Flow through the current maxima/kA of current conversion station 3 smoothing reactor | 6.0kA | 2.1kA |
| Flow through the current maxima/kA of current conversion station 4 smoothing reactor | 7.0kA | 4.4kA |
| Flow through the current maxima/kA of current conversion station Bridge 1 arm | 4.1kA | 1.9kA |
| Flow through the current maxima/kA of current conversion station Bridge 2 arm | 7.4kA | 3.0kA |
| Flow through the current maxima/kA of current conversion station 3 brachium pontis | 2.4kA | 1.0kA |
| Flow through the current maxima/kA of current conversion station 4 brachium pontis | 4.6kA | 2.9kA |
It can be seen that in existing direct current network troubleshooting strategy, the actuating signal of chopper needs relay to protect
Protection unit sends after completing fault location.Fault location time is typically at about 10ms at present, and this makes directly
Stream chopper needs the fault current cut off to rise to the highest level, makes the cost of dc circuit breaker significantly
Degree rises.And under strategy proposed by the invention, the chopper complete independently fault detect of circuit both sides and
Trip operation, need not coordinate between the two.This kind of troubleshooting strategy has high rapidity and selection
Property, typically can complete at several ms, be very suitable for direct current network, can be substantially reduced and require that direct current breaks
The fault current levels that road device cuts off, thus reduce the cost of dc circuit breaker.
The above-mentioned description to embodiment is to be understood that and apply this for ease of those skilled in the art
Invention.Above-described embodiment obviously easily can be made various amendment by person skilled in the art, and
General Principle described herein is applied in other embodiments without through performing creative labour.Therefore,
The invention is not restricted to above-described embodiment, those skilled in the art, according to the announcement of the present invention, do for the present invention
The improvement and the amendment that go out all should be within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1., based on detecting the direct current network troubleshooting strategy of in-situ protection on the spot, it is applied to based on MMC
Flexible direct current power transmission system, and current conversion station in system uses true bi-polar arrangement mode, and each current conversion station is with straight
Between stream transmission line of electricity, hybrid high voltage DC breaker, described hybrid high voltage DC breaker are installed
Including main circuit breaker, electric current transfer switch and supper-fast mechanical switch；It is characterized in that:
Described direct current network troubleshooting strategy includes inverter aspect and hybrid high voltage DC breaker layer
The two aspect protections in face, wherein:
The protection of inverter aspect: i.e. install amperometric additional on each brachium pontis of MMC, when arbitrary brachium pontis electricity
Stream exceedes threshold value Iblock, then by this MMC place current conversion station locking at once；
The protection of hybrid high voltage DC breaker aspect: i.e. install additional on electric current transfer switch and main circuit breaker
Amperometric, when flowing to the electric current of electric current transfer switch more than threshold value Iopen, the most at once to electric current transfer switch
Apply to cut-off action；When electric current transfer switch completes to cut-off, then the electric current flowing through electric current transfer switch drops to 0,
Now apply to cut-off action to supper-fast mechanical switch；When supper-fast mechanical switch completes to cut-off, if now flowing
Through the electric current of main circuit breaker more than threshold value Iopen, apply to cut-off action to main circuit breaker the most at once；If now flowing through
The electric current of main circuit breaker is less than or equal to threshold value Iopen, then keep the on off state that main circuit breaker is previous, wouldn't action.
Direct current network troubleshooting strategy the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described system
In between each current conversion station connected mode can be radial pattern or reticular pattern.
Direct current network troubleshooting strategy the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described threshold
Value IblockIt is set as 2 times of MMC submodule used IGBT rated current.
Direct current network troubleshooting strategy the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described threshold
Value IopenIt is set as flowing through under normal circumstances 2 times of hybrid high voltage DC breaker maximum current.
Direct current network troubleshooting strategy the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in event
In barrier processing procedure, the current conversion station of locking, should unlock after fault clearance as early as possible, recovers normal operating condition,
And the control strategy before occurring by fault runs.
Direct current network troubleshooting strategy the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: for non-event
The hybrid high voltage DC breaker of barrier circuit both sides, if the electric current owing to flowing through is big in fault treating procedure
In threshold value IopenAnd complete to cut-off action, should re-close in time after confirming fault location.
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| CN107706894A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-02-16 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of monopole fault isolation system of true bipolar flexible DC transmission engineering |
| CN109995002A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-09 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of guard method and system of the flexible direct current power grid based on device cooperation |
| CN110768233A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-02-07 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | Combined high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker applicable to direct-current power grid and having power flow control function and control method thereof |
| WO2020147572A1 (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2020-07-23 | 山东大学 | Auxiliary circuit for hybrid direct-current circuit, and method and system for identifying property of fault of multi-port flexible direct current grid |
| CN111953221A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-11-17 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Modular multilevel converter and converter station |
| CN113783448A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-10 | 广州智光电气技术有限公司 | Improved topological structure of modular multilevel converter MMC and converter station |
| CN114217171A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-22 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Single-phase earth fault detection method for converter valve side of flexible direct current transmission system |
| CN116581722A (en) * | 2023-06-20 | 2023-08-11 | 三峡电能有限公司 | Integrated device for power flow control and direct current breaking control and control method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107706894A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-02-16 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of monopole fault isolation system of true bipolar flexible DC transmission engineering |
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| CN109995002A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-09 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of guard method and system of the flexible direct current power grid based on device cooperation |
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| WO2020147572A1 (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2020-07-23 | 山东大学 | Auxiliary circuit for hybrid direct-current circuit, and method and system for identifying property of fault of multi-port flexible direct current grid |
| CN110768233A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-02-07 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | Combined high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker applicable to direct-current power grid and having power flow control function and control method thereof |
| CN111953221A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-11-17 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Modular multilevel converter and converter station |
| CN113783448A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-10 | 广州智光电气技术有限公司 | Improved topological structure of modular multilevel converter MMC and converter station |
| CN114217171A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-22 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Single-phase earth fault detection method for converter valve side of flexible direct current transmission system |
| CN114217171B (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2023-08-01 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Single-phase grounding fault detection method for converter valve side of flexible direct current transmission system |
| CN116581722A (en) * | 2023-06-20 | 2023-08-11 | 三峡电能有限公司 | Integrated device for power flow control and direct current breaking control and control method |
| CN116581722B (en) * | 2023-06-20 | 2024-01-23 | 三峡电能有限公司 | Integrated device for power flow control and direct current breaking control and control method |
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