CN103453998B - A self-energy wireless temperature sensor and its implementation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于智能电网中的信息传感集成领域，具体涉及一种自取能无线温度传感器及其实现方法。The invention belongs to the field of information sensing integration in smart grids, and in particular relates to a self-energy-taking wireless temperature sensor and an implementation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
随着中国经济的迅速发展，对电力能源的需求也成几何级增长，而作为电能传输转换中的重要设备如高压开关柜、母线接头、室外刀闸开关等在长期运行过程中，开关的触电和母线连接等部位因老化或接触电阻过大而发热，对这些发热部位的温度检测并报警，可以避免火灾事故的发生，减少经济损失及大规模停电等社会影响。With the rapid development of China's economy, the demand for electric energy has also increased geometrically. As important equipment in electric energy transmission and conversion, such as high-voltage switchgear, bus joints, outdoor knife switches, etc., during long-term operation, the electric shock of the switch The parts connected to the busbar are heated due to aging or excessive contact resistance. The temperature detection and alarm of these heating parts can avoid the occurrence of fire accidents, reduce economic losses and social impacts such as large-scale power outages.
目前电力系统对于变电站高压开关设备的常规测温方法是依靠人力及红外测温仪进行定时巡检，这种方法不仅耗费大量人力，也不能对温度测量点部位的温度变化进行实时监测。而且目前无线测温方案中，大部分的测温产品的工作电源均采用电池或CT取电模式。电池的使用存在一个使用寿命的问题，使用一段时间后电池耗尽就需要更换电池，而且电池的泄露和爆炸都会带来安全隐患。CT取电存在体积大、安装不变的问题，并且在超强磁场中会产生振动和发送，对电力设备造成严重的危害。因而现有提出的在线测量方案中由于温度传感器安装在被测点如高压开关柜中的导电臂上，如何解决测温装置体积大、测温装置的供电问题是现有技术的瓶颈所在。At present, the conventional temperature measurement method for high-voltage switchgear in substations in power systems relies on manpower and infrared thermometers for regular inspections. This method not only consumes a lot of manpower, but also cannot monitor the temperature changes at the temperature measurement points in real time. Moreover, in the current wireless temperature measurement solution, the working power supply of most temperature measurement products adopts the battery or CT power supply mode. There is a service life problem in the use of the battery. After a period of use, the battery needs to be replaced when the battery is exhausted, and the leakage and explosion of the battery will bring potential safety hazards. CT has the problem of large volume and unchanging installation, and it will generate vibration and transmission in the super strong magnetic field, which will cause serious harm to power equipment. Therefore, in the existing on-line measurement scheme, since the temperature sensor is installed on the conductive arm in the measured point such as the high-voltage switchgear, how to solve the problem of large temperature measurement device and power supply of the temperature measurement device is the bottleneck of the prior art.
并且，现有的一些测温方案中采取的是电流感应取能方式，其原理是依靠高压线路中流过的交流电通过线圈感应来获得能量，原理类似于变压器，此时的变压器源级线圈是单扎的、次级是多扎线圈，当高压线中有交流电流过时就会在次级产生感应电流，从而获得能量。采用这种电流感应取能方式，当高压线路中的电流强度随负载多少而波动较大时，电源提供的能量也会很不稳定，甚至会有断电的危险，所以电流感应取能方式很不稳定，不适合为微控设备提供能量。Moreover, some existing temperature measurement schemes adopt the current induction energy acquisition method. The principle is to rely on the alternating current flowing in the high-voltage line to obtain energy through coil induction. The principle is similar to that of a transformer. At this time, the source coil of the transformer is a single Tie, the secondary is a multi-tie coil, when there is an alternating current in the high-voltage line, an induced current will be generated in the secondary to obtain energy. With this current induction energy acquisition method, when the current intensity in the high-voltage line fluctuates greatly with the load, the energy provided by the power supply will be very unstable, and there may even be a danger of power failure, so the current induction energy acquisition method is very Unstable and not suitable for powering microcontrollers.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提出一种自取能无线温度传感器及其实现方法，解决了现有技术存在的供电难、体积大、使用寿命有限等技术问题。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a self-powered wireless temperature sensor and its implementation method, which solves the technical problems of the prior art such as difficult power supply, large volume, and limited service life.
本发明提供的一种自取能无线温度传感器，其改进之处在于，包括自取能无线温度传感芯片和电场耦合极板；The self-energy wireless temperature sensor provided by the present invention is improved in that it includes a self-energy wireless temperature sensor chip and an electric field coupling plate;
所述自取能无线温度传感芯片包括微控制器、自取能模块、温度传感模块、存储器和无线通信模块；所述微控制器分别与所述自取能模块、温度传感模块、存储器和无线通信模块通信；所述自取能模块与所述无线通信模块通信；所述温度传感模块与所述存储器连接；所述微控制器、自取能模块、温度传感模块、存储器和无线通信模块集成在一片芯片上；The self-energy wireless temperature sensing chip includes a microcontroller, a self-energy module, a temperature sensing module, a memory, and a wireless communication module; the microcontroller is connected to the self-energy module, the temperature sensing module, and the The memory communicates with the wireless communication module; the self-energy module communicates with the wireless communication module; the temperature sensing module is connected to the memory; the microcontroller, self-energy module, temperature sensing module, memory Integrated with the wireless communication module on a chip;
所述电场耦合极板设置在变电站内开关设备测温点旁的高压带电器件的上方，并与所述自取能模块连接。The electric field coupling plate is arranged above the high-voltage live device next to the temperature measuring point of the switchgear in the substation, and is connected with the self-energy harvesting module.
其中，所述自取能模块用于给所述自取能无线温度传感芯片供电，其包括整流器、储能电容、DC-DC转换器和电源管理模块；Wherein, the self-energy module is used to supply power to the self-energy wireless temperature sensor chip, which includes a rectifier, an energy storage capacitor, a DC-DC converter, and a power management module;
所述整流器的交流端与所述电场耦合极板相连接，直流端依次与所述储能电容和DC-DC转换器连接；The AC end of the rectifier is connected to the electric field coupling plate, and the DC end is sequentially connected to the energy storage capacitor and the DC-DC converter;
所述电源管理模块与所述储能电容连接，用于监测储能电容中能量积累情况，并发出控制脉冲启动所述DC-DC转换器。The power management module is connected with the energy storage capacitor, and is used for monitoring the energy accumulation in the energy storage capacitor, and sending a control pulse to start the DC-DC converter.
其中，所述自取能模块基于电场耦合原理，其中的整流器收集所述电场耦合极板与所述高压带电器件之间的等效电容在交流高压下产生的位移电流，并转成直流后为所述储能电容充电。Wherein, the self-energy harvesting module is based on the principle of electric field coupling, wherein the rectifier collects the displacement current generated by the equivalent capacitance between the electric field coupling plate and the high-voltage charged device under AC high voltage, and converts it into DC as The energy storage capacitor is charged.
其中，所述温度传感模块包括连接的温度传感器和A/D转换模块；所述温度传感器用于测量被测变电站设备发热点处的温度；所述A/D转换模块将所述温度传感器采集到的模拟信号转换成数字信号送到微控制器中进行数据处理。Wherein, the temperature sensing module includes a connected temperature sensor and an A/D conversion module; the temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature at the heating point of the substation equipment under test; the A/D conversion module collects the temperature sensor The received analog signal is converted into a digital signal and sent to the microcontroller for data processing.
其中，所述无线通信模块用于将所述自取能无线温度传感芯片采集得到的温度信息以无线射频方式发射给上位机或其他芯片。Wherein, the wireless communication module is used to transmit the temperature information collected by the self-powered wireless temperature sensing chip to a host computer or other chips in a radio frequency manner.
其中，所述微控制器、自取能模块、温度传感模块、存储器和无线通信模块采用CMOS工艺实现并集成于一个芯片上。Wherein, the microcontroller, the self-energy module, the temperature sensing module, the memory and the wireless communication module are realized by CMOS technology and integrated on one chip.
其中，所述微控制器采用高性能、高集成度、低功耗的MIPS架构的16位处理器内核，用于负责所述芯片的设备控制，任务分配与调度，数据的整合与转储任务。Wherein, the microcontroller adopts a 16-bit processor core of the MIPS architecture with high performance, high integration and low power consumption, which is used to be responsible for the device control of the chip, task allocation and scheduling, data integration and dump tasks .
本发明基于另一目的提出的一种自取能无线温度传感芯片的实现方法，其改进之处在于，所述方法包括如下步骤：The present invention proposes a method for realizing a wireless temperature sensing chip based on another purpose. The improvement is that the method includes the following steps:
（1）将电场耦合极板安装在变电站内开关设备测温点旁的高压带电器件的上方；(1) Install the electric field coupling plate above the high-voltage live device next to the temperature measurement point of the switchgear in the substation;
（2）自取能模块与所述电场耦合极板相连接，为无线温度传感芯片供电；(2) The self-energy harvesting module is connected to the electric field coupling plate to supply power for the wireless temperature sensing chip;
（3）温度传感模块测量被测变电站设备发热点处的温度，将温度值传给微控制器，并通过存储器保存数据；(3) The temperature sensing module measures the temperature at the heating point of the substation equipment under test, transmits the temperature value to the microcontroller, and saves the data through the memory;
（4）所述微控制器根据预设的测温时间间隔控制温度传感模块进行温度采集，并将采集得到的温度数据通过无线通信模块传给上位机。(4) The microcontroller controls the temperature sensing module to collect temperature according to the preset temperature measurement time interval, and transmits the collected temperature data to the host computer through the wireless communication module.
其中，所述自取能模块中的整流器收集所述电场耦合极板与高压带电器件之间的等效电容在交流高压下产生的位移电流，并转成直流后为所述储能电容充电；电源管理模块对所述储能电容中能量积累情况进行监视，当储能达到一定量后发出控制脉冲启动DC-DC转换器工作，为所述自取能无线温度传感芯片供电。Wherein, the rectifier in the self-energy harvesting module collects the displacement current generated by the equivalent capacitance between the electric field coupling plate and the high-voltage charged device under AC high voltage, and converts it into DC to charge the energy storage capacitor; The power management module monitors the energy accumulation in the energy storage capacitor, and when the energy storage reaches a certain amount, it sends out a control pulse to start the DC-DC converter to work, and supplies power to the self-energy wireless temperature sensor chip.
与现有技术比，本发明的有益效果为：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明解决了现有技术存在的供电难、体积大、使用寿命有限等技术问题，提供了一个具有自取能功能，体积小、寿命长的自取能无线温度传感器。The invention solves the technical problems of difficult power supply, large volume and limited service life in the prior art, and provides a self-energy wireless temperature sensor with self-energy function, small size and long service life.
本发明采用单芯片和电场耦合极板实现自取能无线温度传感的功能，将自取能、温度测量、无线通信集成在一块芯片上，完全兼容CMOS工艺，可以在芯片上集成，系统简单，功耗低。单芯片可减少外部连线，降低了连线间的串扰，提高系统稳定性。自取能无线温度传感芯片可以高效、低成本地完成取能、测温及通信功能，从而大大减小传感器体积，降低成本，提高可靠性，对于保障电网安全可靠运行具备重大意义。The invention adopts a single chip and an electric field coupling plate to realize the function of self-energy wireless temperature sensing, integrates self-energy, temperature measurement, and wireless communication on one chip, is fully compatible with CMOS technology, can be integrated on the chip, and has a simple system ,Low power consumption. A single chip can reduce external connections, reduce crosstalk between connections, and improve system stability. The self-energy harvesting wireless temperature sensor chip can complete energy harvesting, temperature measurement and communication functions efficiently and at low cost, thereby greatly reducing the size of the sensor, reducing costs, and improving reliability, which is of great significance for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the power grid.
本发明通过设计自取能模块，使得整个芯片利用电场耦合原理，通过感应交变的高压电场来取能，属于自供能系统，无需外加电源。这种技术与目前提出的采用电池供电、太阳能供电以及电流感应供电方式的温度测量方案相比具有显著的优势，首先，本发明中的电场感应自取能方法不受环境的影响，也不受负载电流波动的影响，而且，具有寿命长及免维护的特点。The present invention designs a self-energy-capturing module so that the entire chip utilizes the principle of electric field coupling to capture energy by inductively alternating high-voltage electric fields, which belongs to a self-energy supply system without an external power supply. This technology has significant advantages compared with the currently proposed temperature measurement schemes that use battery power supply, solar power supply and current induction power supply. The impact of load current fluctuations, and has the characteristics of long life and maintenance-free.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明提供的自取能无线温度传感芯片的结构框图。Fig. 1 is a structural block diagram of a wireless temperature sensor chip with self-energy harvesting provided by the present invention.
图2为本发明提供的自取能模块的结构框图。Fig. 2 is a structural block diagram of the self-energy harvesting module provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步的详细说明。The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
本实施例提供的一种自取能无线温度传感器，采用电场耦合极板和单芯片的方式，满足变电站变电设备温度待测点的在线温度监测需求，实现在无需外界电源供电的情况下实时监测待测点温度，并将温度数据通过无线传输方式发射出去。本实施例的电场耦合极板通过一块金属板实现，其固定在变电站内被测点旁的高压交流流过的设备（即高压带电器件）的表面上，例如布置在变电站电缆接头、闸刀触点、开关触点或铜排连接点等位置，再与自取能无线温度传感芯片连接。通过这些传感芯片实时感知变电站变电设备的运行情况，以便及时发现影响变电站安全稳定运行的外部因素以及实时监测变电站设施的内部故障。The self-energy wireless temperature sensor provided in this embodiment adopts the method of electric field coupling plate and single chip to meet the online temperature monitoring requirements of the substation substation equipment temperature to be measured, and realize real-time monitoring without external power supply. Monitor the temperature of the point to be measured, and transmit the temperature data through wireless transmission. The electric field coupling plate in this embodiment is realized by a metal plate, which is fixed on the surface of the equipment (that is, the high-voltage live device) through which the high-voltage AC flows next to the measured point in the substation, for example, it is arranged on the cable joint of the substation, the knife contact Points, switch contacts or copper bar connection points, etc., and then connect to the self-energy wireless temperature sensor chip. These sensor chips are used to sense the operation of substation substation equipment in real time, so as to timely discover external factors that affect the safe and stable operation of substations and monitor internal faults of substation facilities in real time.
本实施例的自取能无线温度传感芯片结构框图如图1所示，其芯片包括微控制器、自取能模块、温度传感模块、存储器和无线通信模块；微控制器分别与自取能模块、温度传感模块、存储器和无线通信模块通信；自取能模块与无线通信模块通信；温度传感模块与存储器连接；微控制器、自取能模块、温度传感模块、存储器和无线通信模块采用CMOS工艺进行处理后集成于一个芯片上。具体的，各部分的介绍如下：The structural block diagram of the wireless temperature sensing chip of the present embodiment is as shown in Figure 1, and its chip comprises microcontroller, self-energy module, temperature sensing module, memory and wireless communication module; Energy module, temperature sensing module, memory and wireless communication module communication; self-energy module and wireless communication module communication; temperature sensing module and memory connection; microcontroller, self-energy module, temperature sensing module, memory and wireless The communication module is integrated on a chip after being processed by CMOS technology. Specifically, the introduction of each part is as follows:
微控制器：microcontroller:
其为整个芯片的核心模块，进行系统全局调度以及信息交互，负责芯片控制时能、任务执行和数据处理等功能。本发明中微控制器采用16位MIPS架构的处理器内核，低功耗设计，支持JTAG调试标准。并且，本实施例中操作系统采用实时操作系统（RTOS），具有独立性、可靠性和强实时性特征，能够及时响应事件请求。It is the core module of the entire chip, which performs global system scheduling and information interaction, and is responsible for functions such as chip control time, task execution, and data processing. In the present invention, the microcontroller adopts a processor core of 16-bit MIPS architecture, is designed with low power consumption, and supports the JTAG debugging standard. Moreover, the operating system in this embodiment adopts a real-time operating system (RTOS), which has the characteristics of independence, reliability, and strong real-time performance, and can respond to event requests in a timely manner.
自取能模块：Self-energy module:
其用于给所述芯片供电，其结构框图如图2所示，其包括整流器、储能电容、DC-DC转换器和电源管理模块；其通过与安装在高压开关柜导电臂上方的电场耦合极板相连接，收集电场耦合极板与高压带电器件之间的等效电容在交流高压下产生的位移电流，并使之通过整流器变换为直流电流向储能电容充电；DC-DC转换器对储能电容的电压进行调整以及维持输出的稳压。电源管理模块对当前储能电容中能量积累情况进行监视，当储能达到一定量后发出控制脉冲启动DC-DC转换器工作，从而给整个芯片供电。相比现有的其他供电方式，这种供电方式的能源供给比较稳定，因为电力系统母线电压是很稳定，它不会像负载电流那样大幅度波动；而且，电场感应取能方式不受环境的影响，无论是阴雨天气或是有灰尘覆盖，都不会影响其取能效果。It is used to supply power to the chip, and its structural block diagram is shown in Figure 2, which includes a rectifier, an energy storage capacitor, a DC-DC converter and a power management module; it couples with the electric field installed above the conductive arm of the high-voltage switch cabinet The plates are connected to collect the displacement current generated by the equivalent capacitance between the electric field coupling plate and the high-voltage charged device under AC high voltage, and convert it into a DC current to charge the energy storage capacitor through the rectifier; the DC-DC converter charges the storage capacitor. The voltage of the energy capacitor is adjusted and the output voltage is maintained. The power management module monitors the energy accumulation in the current energy storage capacitor. When the energy storage reaches a certain amount, it sends out a control pulse to start the DC-DC converter to work, thereby supplying power to the entire chip. Compared with other existing power supply methods, the energy supply of this power supply method is relatively stable, because the bus voltage of the power system is very stable, it will not fluctuate as much as the load current; moreover, the electric field induction energy harvesting method is not affected by the environment. Whether it is rainy weather or covered with dust, it will not affect its energy harvesting effect.
温度传感模块：Temperature sensing module:
其主要完成温度模拟量的采集和模拟量到数字量的转换，具体包括温度传感器和A/D转换模块；温度传感器用来将测量被测变电站设备发热点处的温度，得到温度模拟量，传给A/D转换模块。A/D转换模块包括采样周期时序产生电路、AD通道选择控制器、AD转换器和读写地址发生器。微控制器控制采样周期时序产生电路产生AD转换器需要的所有信号和时序，将模拟量的温度值进行模拟量到数字量的转换，读取转换结果存储到存储器的SRAM里面，并传给微处理器中进行数据处理。It mainly completes the acquisition of temperature analog quantities and the conversion from analog quantities to digital quantities, specifically including temperature sensors and A/D conversion modules; to the A/D conversion module. The A/D conversion module includes a sampling cycle timing generation circuit, an AD channel selection controller, an AD converter and a read-write address generator. The microcontroller controls the sampling cycle timing generation circuit to generate all the signals and timing required by the AD converter, converts the analog temperature value from analog to digital, reads the conversion result and stores it in the SRAM of the memory, and transmits it to the microcontroller. Data processing in the processor.
存储器：memory:
其用于存储芯片和系统配置文件及启动程序以及存储上述温度传感模块输出的温度数据。芯片内集成16KB SRAM,作为实时数据库的运行空间，提高温度数据传输及处理速度。片内集成256KB FLASH，用于存储芯片启动程序及系统配置文件。It is used for storing chip and system configuration files and startup programs, as well as storing temperature data output by the above-mentioned temperature sensing module. 16KB SRAM is integrated in the chip as the running space of the real-time database to improve the temperature data transmission and processing speed. On-chip integrated 256KB FLASH is used to store the chip startup program and system configuration files.
无线通信模块：Wireless communication module:
其主要负责无线信号的收发，即与其他接收数据芯片进行无线通信，其可采用射频技术，将本芯片采集到的温度信息和其他芯片进行数据交换。It is mainly responsible for the transmission and reception of wireless signals, that is, wireless communication with other receiving data chips. It can use radio frequency technology to exchange the temperature information collected by this chip with other chips for data exchange.
对应的，本实施例提出一种自取能无线温度传感芯片的实现方法，包括如下步骤：Correspondingly, this embodiment proposes a method for implementing a self-powered wireless temperature sensor chip, including the following steps:
（1）将电场耦合极板安装在变电站内的开关设备测温点旁的高压带电器件的上方；(1) Install the electric field coupling plate above the high-voltage live device next to the temperature measurement point of the switchgear in the substation;
（2）自取能模块中的整流器收集所述电场耦合极板与高压带电器件之间的等效电容在交流高压下产生的位移电流，并转成直流后为所述储能电容充电；电源管理模块对所述储能电容中能量积累情况进行监视，当储能达到足够支持芯片进行一次温度采集并进行数据处理及无线发送的能量后发出控制脉冲启动DC-DC转换器工作，为所述芯片供电；(2) The rectifier in the self-energy harvesting module collects the displacement current generated by the equivalent capacitance between the electric field coupling plate and the high-voltage charged device under AC high voltage, and converts it into DC to charge the energy storage capacitor; the power supply The management module monitors the energy accumulation in the energy storage capacitor, and when the energy storage reaches enough to support the chip to perform a temperature acquisition, perform data processing and wirelessly send energy, it sends out a control pulse to start the DC-DC converter to work, for the said Chip power supply;
（3）温度传感模块测量被测变电站设备发热点处的温度，将温度值传给微控制器，并通过存储器保存数据；(3) The temperature sensing module measures the temperature at the heating point of the substation equipment under test, transmits the temperature value to the microcontroller, and saves the data through the memory;
（4）所述微控制器根据预设的测温时间间隔控制温度传感模块进行温度采集，并将采集得到的温度数据通过无线通信模块传给上位机。(4) The microcontroller controls the temperature sensing module to collect temperature according to the preset temperature measurement time interval, and transmits the collected temperature data to the host computer through the wireless communication module.
最后应当说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，而未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: the present invention can still be Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.
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