CN103451366A - Calcium adding method for deoxidation calcium treatment of liquid steel - Google Patents

Calcium adding method for deoxidation calcium treatment of liquid steel Download PDF

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CN103451366A
CN103451366A CN2013104000311A CN201310400031A CN103451366A CN 103451366 A CN103451366 A CN 103451366A CN 2013104000311 A CN2013104000311 A CN 2013104000311A CN 201310400031 A CN201310400031 A CN 201310400031A CN 103451366 A CN103451366 A CN 103451366A
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calcium
ladle
molten steel
heart yearn
core
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CN103451366B (en
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刘欣隆
孙树森
周四明
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Zhanjiang Shengbao Technology Co., Ltd.
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SHANGHAI SHENGBAO METALLURGICAL TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention belongs to steelmaking external refining technologies and particularly relates to a calcium adding method for deoxidation calcium treatment of liquid steel. The calcium adding method is characterized in that a calcium core wire with a composite structure is adopted and consists of a calcium core, a middle layer and a coating layer, wherein the coating layer wraps the outside surface of the middle layer, the middle layer wraps the outside surface of the calcium core, and the diameter of the calcium core is 6-8mm; the height of incidence of the calcium core wire is that the calcium core wire is just above the liquid surface of the liquid steel in a ladle by 38-42cm, and the angle of incidence of the calcium core wire is that the calcium core wire and the liquid surface of the liquid steel in the ladle form an included angle of 53-57 degrees. The calcium adding method has the advantages that the problem of splashing during the calcium treatment of the liquid steel can be effectively solved due to the adoption of the calcium core wire with the composite structure; meanwhile, the calcium core wire feeding success rate is increased through adopting the best feeding speed, height of incidence and angle of incidence, so that the yield of calcium metal is increased.

Description

A kind of for steel liquid deoxidation calcium, process add the calcium method
Technical field
The invention belongs to the steel-making furnace outer refining technology, be specifically related to a kind of for steel liquid deoxidation calcium, process add the calcium method.
Background technology
It is a kind of liquid steel refining means that 20 century 70s grow up that calcium is processed, in history, once had to directly adding calcium alloy in ladle, to methods such as winding-up calcium alloys in molten steel, but because treatment effect is unstable or the reason such as high cost gradually is eliminated, application now be that ladle is fed the calcium line method.It is that calcium alloy (Ca, Ca-Si, Ca-Fe etc.) is made to cored-wire with sheetmetal parcel, and the guide wire by wire feeder inserts molten steel by it with very high speed.Feed in the silk process and follow stirring of inert gas simultaneously, to increase the residence time of Ca in molten steel and to carry out good mixing.This method is widely applied and has obtained howling success in global iron and steel enterprise.The main treatment effect that ladle is fed calcium line is:
(1) reduce O, the S content in molten steel, contain the mobility that a certain amount of calcium can improve molten steel in molten steel simultaneously.
(2) oxide inclusion in molten steel does not form string bunch shape and changes the homodisperse Ca oxide inclusion that contains into, thereby reduces inclusion size, when Steel Rolling, can not be out of shape.Improve molten steel cleanness.
(3) in Al killed steel, add Ca easily Al 2o 3be mingled with the liquefy calcium-aluminate, be convenient to its polymerization floating of growing up, improved molten steel cleanness, thus prevention of immersed nozzle clogging.
But due to the fusing point of calcium metal low (845 ℃), boiling point low (1450 ℃), in molten steel, very easily gasification floats on the slag surface, produce vigorous reaction with the oxide compound in airborne oxygen and slag liquid, so need to cored-wire be fed into to the molten steel innermost while feeding calcium line as far as possible, utilize the static pressure of molten steel, prevent the calcium metal Quick-gasifying, thereby extend calcium metal residence time in molten steel, reach the effect of molten steel being carried out to the calcium processing.
The calcic of existing several types or the cored-wire of calcium alloy still have lower column defects: (1) siliceous low calcium alloy cored-wire, CaSi cored-wire for example: its shortcoming is in the external refining process, to carry out when calcium is processed not only causing molten steel to increase silicon, and processing cost is high, therefore is not suitable for low Si steel grade and carries out the calcium processing.(2) containing calcium silicon grain, abrasive grit, calcium grain mixture cored-wire, for example Fe+Ca powder cored-wire: its shortcoming is that granulated metal calcium specific surface area is large, easily oxidized.In addition, under refining temperature, after surrounding layer fusing, exposed calcium metal Quick-gasifying, easily cause slag liquid level fierceness seethe and splash, and not only the recovery rate of calcium low (recovery rate of calcium only 8%-12%), also can cause molten steel nitrogen pick-up and produce unsafe factor.(3) containing pure calcium filement core thread, for example 7.5 millimeters of calcium filament diameters, 0.55 millimeter cored-wire of thickness of scale: although the recovery rate that its shortcoming is calcium improves greatly than first two, but in molten steel calcium treating processes, not only the slag splash is serious, also can cause molten steel meeting nitrogen pick-up 5-8PPM and seriously jeopardize steel mill's production safety.
Line feeding method is one of important factor affected the calcium recovery rate, and wire-feeding velocity all can be released to alloy the top of molten steel too soon or too slowly, thereby reduce, even destroys treating processes; The optimum velocity of line feeding can make the crust of cored-wire start fusing near the bottom of ladle, thereby the calcium core that it is wrapped up is released to this place, reaches and makes the calcium core that the longest stop effect of melt (or the with) time be arranged in processed molten steel.
In existing wire-feeding technique, usually best wire-feeding velocity is approximately be reduced to the function relevant with molten steel height in ladle, be V=KH, in formula, V is best wire-feeding velocity, the real depth that H is molten steel, K is speed correction constant, is also that best wire-feeding velocity is only the function of the molten steel degree of depth in ladle.The wire-feeding velocity of gained obviously estimates roughly thus, is not best wire-feeding velocity, and it is best that the utilization ratio of its calcium metal does not reach.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is according to above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, provide a kind of for steel liquid deoxidation calcium, process add the calcium method, this adds the calcium heart yearn that the calcium method has adopted composite structure, by the best height of incidence of calcium heart yearn is set, incident angle and calcium core diameter and core skin thickness are guaranteed the success of calcium treating processes, calculate best wire-feeding velocity according to formula is fed simultaneously, reach cored core skin and start fusing near the bottom of ladle, thereby the calcium core that it is wrapped up is released to this place, make calcium that the longest stop effect of melt (or the with) time be arranged in molten steel, to obtain the utilization ratio that calcium is the highest.
The object of the invention realizes being completed by following technical scheme:
A kind of for steel liquid deoxidation calcium, process add the calcium method, relate to the molten steel in ladle, it is characterized in that the described calcium heart yearn that the calcium method adopts composite structure that adds, described calcium heart yearn consists of calcium core, middle layer and surrounding layer, described surrounding layer is coated on the middle layer outside surface, middle layer is coated on the calcium core outer surface, and described calcium core diameter is 6~8mm; 38~42cm directly over the described molten steel ladle liquid level of height of incidence distance of described calcium heart yearn, its input angle is for to be the angle of 53 °~57 ° with described molten steel ladle liquid level.
When described calcium core diameter is 6.3~6.4mm, 40~40.5cm directly over the described molten steel ladle liquid level of the height of incidence of described calcium heart yearn distance, its input angle is for to be the angle of 55 °~55.3 ° with described molten steel ladle liquid level.
Described middle layer is the approximate circle column of hollow cylindrical or hollow, on described cylindric or approximate columned cylinder, has axially open.
Described opening is the close contact shape.
Described middle layer can be pulverulent material filling layer.
Described intermediate layer thickness is 0.2~1.5mm.
Described pulverulent material filling layer is following material: the mixture of one or more in ferrosilicon powder, iron powder, aluminium powder (aluminium skin), silicon calcium powder, rare earth, calcium aluminate powder etc.
Described calcium core diameter is by the internal diameter size decision of ladle, and the larger calcium core diameter of ladle internal diameter is larger, and minimum diameter is 6mm, and maximum diameter is 8mm.
The degree of depth of described molten steel ladle is 1.2~1.3 times of described ladle internal diameter.
The described calcium method that adds, the feeding speed of its calcium heart yearn is:
Figure 2013104000311100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
;
In formula, V is theoretical wire-feeding velocity, and h is the molten steel ladle degree of depth, and A is speed correction factor (relevant with core skin fusing time, incident angle), and b is core skin total thickness, and D is the calcium core line diameter.
Advantage of the present invention is,
(1) due to the existence in middle layer, can be according to the size of ladle, the situation of smelting steel grade, adjust thickness and the related component of calcium core diameter, outer adhesion layer, in the situation that strengthen the outer adhesion layer thickness of calcium core, still can guarantee that the calcium heart yearn has suitable suppleness, thereby guarantee that cored-wire can be fed near the bottom of ladle smoothly, increased the suffered static pressure of calcium metal, extended action time of calcium metal, improved the utilization ratio of calcium metal; Simultaneously, as the powdery stopping composition in middle layer, owing to there being a lot of microcosmic pores between these powder-materials, slow down the transmission of heat, weakened the gasification phenomenon of metal calcium core, thereby improved the recovery rate of calcium metal;
(2) success ratio when reasonably height of incidence and incident angle have improved the line feeding of calcium heart yearn greatly, avoided the too high and caused calcium heart yearn of incident angle deviation of height of incidence can't go deep into the problem of molten steel bottom;
(3) the best feeding speed of the calcium heart yearn calculated by formula, can make the skin of calcium heart yearn start to melt near the bottom of ladle; The best feeding speed of calcium heart yearn is by calculation of parameter such as calcium core line diameter, core skin total thickness, the molten steel degree of depth, under this kind of feeding speed, can effectively avoid in the too early fusing of calcium heart yearn or feeding process occurring flexing phenomenon upwards and can't go deep into the problem bottom molten steel;
(4) greatly improve utilization ratio and the rate of recovery of calcium metal in liquid steel refining calcium treating processes, thoroughly solved slag splash and molten steel nitrogen pick-up problem.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 adds calcium method schematic diagram in the present invention;
The higher schematic diagram of height of incidence when Fig. 2 is calcium heart yearn feeding molten steel;
The not right schematic diagram of incident angle when Fig. 3 is calcium heart yearn feeding molten steel.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, by embodiment, feature of the present invention and other correlated characteristic are described in further detail, so that technician's of the same trade understanding:
As Fig. 1-3, mark 1-4 in figure, be respectively: calcium heart yearn 1, guide wire 2, ladle 3, molten steel 4;
Wherein c is that height of incidence, α are incident angle.
As shown in Figure 1, in the following example, be specifically related to a kind of for steel liquid deoxidation calcium, process add the calcium method, this adds the calcium heart yearn 1 that the calcium method adopts composite structure, guide wire 2 by wire feeder inserts the molten steel 4 in ladle 3 by calcium heart yearn 1 with best wire-feeding velocity afterwards, wherein the mouth of pipe of guide wire 2 (being the height of incidence c of calcium heart yearn 1) is apart from the molten steel 4 liquid level 38~42cm in ladle 3, and the incident angle α of calcium heart yearn 1 is for to be the angle of 53 °~57 ° with interior molten steel 4 liquid levels of ladle 3.
Calcium heart yearn 1 adopts composite structure, specifically calcium core, middle layer and surrounding layer, consists of, and surrounding layer is coated on the middle layer outside surface, and middle layer is coated on the calcium core outer surface; Wherein the diameter of calcium core is 6~8mm, intermediate layer thickness is 0.2~1.5mm, middle layer is the approximate circle column of hollow cylindrical or hollow, and there is axially open on this cylindric or approximate columned cylinder, this opening is the close contact shape, phenomenon can not appear overlapping in the both sides that alleged close contact shape refers to opening herein, must be the attitude of docking or approximate docking, and slit therebetween generally is not more than 0.5mm; Can be provided with pulverulent material filling layer between middle layer and surrounding layer, this pulverulent material filling layer is following material: the mixture of one or more in ferrosilicon powder, iron powder, aluminium powder, silicon calcium powder, rare earth, calcium aluminate etc., the powder of filling unlike material is mainly the needs of considering different steel grades, has the modified effect of certain alloy simultaneously.
The diameter of calcium core is by the internal diameter size decision of ladle 3, and the larger calcium core diameter of ladle 3 internal diameter is larger, and minimum diameter is 6mm, and maximum diameter is 8mm; The degree of depth of the interior molten steel 4 of ladle 3 is 1.2~1.3 times of ladle 3 internal diameters, allows the static pressure of molten steel be greater than the vapour pressure of calcium metal, avoids the calcium metal gasification.
The calculation formula of the best feeding speed of calcium heart yearn is in addition:
Figure 150494DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
;
In formula, V is theoretical wire-feeding velocity, and h is the ladle molten steel degree of depth, and A is speed correction factor (relevant with core skin fusing time, incident angle), and b is core skin total thickness, and D is the calcium core line diameter.
Embodiment mono-: the comprehensive parameters in the present embodiment when the specifications parameter of composite structure calcium heart yearn and line feeding is as follows:
(1) the diameter D of the present embodiment composite structure calcium heart yearn is 9mm;
(2) surrounding layer: the thick 0.5mm of steel band;
(3) middle layer: the thick 0.8mm of steel band;
(4) calcium core diameter: 6.4mm;
(5) ladle internal diameter: 3010mm, the molten steel degree of depth: 3700mm;
(6) the incident angle α of calcium heart yearn is 53 °, and feeding speed is 3m/s.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, in the time of in the molten steel 4 by calcium heart yearn 1 feeding ladle 3, outside the height of incidence c difference of deliming heart yearn 1, all the other each parameters are all identical; Result of use is as shown in the table:
Calcium heart yearn height of incidence c(CM) 25 30 38 40 42 50 55
Calcium recovery rate (%) 23.5 26.3 34.3 35.0 33.6 26.8 21.7
Result from the present embodiment can be seen, in the time of in calcium heart yearn 1 feeding molten steel 4, be arranged on below 38cm by height of incidence c or 42cm when above, there will be that the calcium metal recovery rate is low even occurs that calcium heart yearn 1 can't successfully insert the situation (as shown in Figure 2) of molten steel 4 bottoms; And when being controlled in 38~42cm by height of incidence c, calcium heart yearn 1 can successfully insert the bottom (as shown in Figure 1) of molten steel 4, obtains higher calcium metal recovery rate, especially when the height of incidence c of calcium heart yearn 1 is 40cm, its calcium metal recovery rate is the highest, can reach 35%.
Embodiment bis-: the comprehensive parameters in the present embodiment when the specifications parameter of composite structure calcium heart yearn and line feeding is as follows:
(1) the diameter D of the present embodiment composite structure calcium heart yearn is 9mm;
(2) surrounding layer: the thick 0.5mm of steel band;
(3) middle layer: the thick 0.8mm of steel band;
(4) calcium core diameter: 6.4mm;
(5) ladle internal diameter: 3010mm, the molten steel degree of depth: 3700mm;
(6) height of incidence of calcium heart yearn is 40cm, and feeding speed is 3m/s.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, in the time of in the molten steel 4 by calcium heart yearn 1 feeding ladle 3, outside the incident angle α difference of deliming heart yearn 1, all the other each parameters are all identical; Result of use is as shown in the table:
Calcium heart yearn incident angle α 35 40 45 53 55 57 65 70
Calcium recovery rate (%) 21.5 26.1 27.9 35.0 35.8 34.6 30.8 27.9
Result from the present embodiment can be seen, in the time of in calcium heart yearn 1 feeding molten steel 4, while being arranged on outside 53 °~57 ° by incident angle α, there will be the calcium metal recovery rate to hang down and even occur that calcium heart yearn 1 can't successfully insert the situation (as shown in Figure 3) of molten steel 4 bottoms; And when incident angle α being controlled in 53 °~57 °, calcium heart yearn 1 can successfully insert the bottom (as shown in Figure 1) of molten steel 4, obtains higher calcium metal recovery rate, especially when the incident angle of calcium heart yearn 1 is 55 °, its calcium metal recovery rate is the highest, can reach 35.8%.
Embodiment tri-: the present embodiment will carry out the test of two batches, and the comprehensive parameters in first batch when the specifications parameter of composite structure calcium heart yearn and line feeding is as follows:
(1) the diameter D of this batch of composite structure calcium heart yearn is 8.9mm;
(2) surrounding layer: the thick 0.5mm of steel band;
(3) middle layer: the thick 0.8mm of steel band;
(4) calcium core diameter: 6.3mm;
(5) ladle internal diameter: 3400mm, the molten steel degree of depth is: 4250mm;
(6) the height of incidence c of calcium heart yearn is 40cm, and incident angle α is 55 °.
Comprehensive parameters in second batch when the specifications parameter of composite structure calcium heart yearn and line feeding is as follows:
(1) the diameter D of this batch of composite structure calcium heart yearn is 10.1mm;
(2) surrounding layer: the thick 0.55mm of steel band;
(3) middle layer: the thick 1mm of steel band;
(4) calcium core diameter: 7.0mm;
(5) ladle internal diameter: 3400mm, the molten steel degree of depth: 4250mm;
(6) the height of incidence c of calcium heart yearn is 40cm, and incident angle α is 55 °.
In order to contrast best wire-feeding velocity calculation formula and best wire-feeding velocity calculation formula used in the prior art, the i.e. formula adopted in the present invention
Figure 67634DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
with V in formula V=KH(formula be wire-feeding velocity, the real depth that H is molten steel, K is speed correction constant) between contrast, respectively the calcium heart yearn of above two batches is carried out to the line feeding test, in each batch, except the wire-feeding velocity difference, all the other each parameters are all identical; Result of use is as shown in the table:
Project Press the speed (m/s) that V=KH calculates Calcium recovery rate (%) Press
Figure 909688DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The speed (m/s) of calculating
Calcium recovery rate (%)
First batch 4.186 28.9 3.2 35.9
Second batch 4.186 23.3 6.1 29.8
From the present embodiment, the result of first batch can be seen, the best wire-feeding velocity that uses the formula in the present invention to calculate can obtain higher calcium metal recovery rate, because it has considered the parameters in the line feeding process, comprise the core skin thickness, the calcium core line diameter, core skin fusing time, incident angle, height of incidence, the molten steel degree of depth etc., therefore the best wire-feeding velocity that the best wire-feeding velocity calculated by this formula calculates compared to formula V=KH is more accurate, can obtain higher calcium metal recovery rate.This conclusion can be verified equally from the result of second batch.
Embodiment tetra-: the present embodiment will carry out the test of two batches, and the comprehensive parameters in first batch when the specifications parameter of composite structure calcium heart yearn and line feeding is as follows:
(1) the diameter D of this batch of composite structure calcium heart yearn is 8.9mm;
(6) surrounding layer: the thick 0.5mm of steel band;
(7) middle layer: the thick 0.8mm of steel band;
(8) calcium core diameter: 6.3mm;
(9) ladle internal diameter: 3400mm, the molten steel degree of depth is: 4250mm;
(6) feeding speed of calcium heart yearn is 3m/s.
Comprehensive parameters in second batch when the specifications parameter of composite structure calcium heart yearn and line feeding is as follows:
(1) the diameter D of this batch of composite structure calcium heart yearn is 9.9mm;
(2) surrounding layer: the thick 0.5mm of steel band;
(3) middle layer: the thick 0.8mm of steel band;
(4) calcium core diameter: 7.3mm;
(5) ladle internal diameter: 3400mm, the molten steel degree of depth: 4250mm;
(6) feeding speed of calcium heart yearn is 3m/s.
In order to determine the relation between calcium core diameter and its height of incidence and incident angle, for the calcium core diameter, the composite structure calcium heart yearn of two batches in 6~8mm interval has carried out the line feeding test for we, when each batch tested, all guarantee that its feeding speed, ladle internal diameter and the molten steel degree of depth are identical, its height of incidence and incident angle are made to variation, and test-results is as shown in the table:
Calcium heart yearn height of incidence c(CM) 38 38 38 39 39 39 40 40 40 41 41 41 42 42 42
Calcium heart yearn incident angle α 53 55 57 53 55 57 53 55 57 53 55 57 53 55 57
First batch of calcium recovery rate (%) 33.9 34.5 34.3 34.3 34.6 35.1 34.7 35.9 34.3 34.2 34.7 35.1 33.8 34.7 34.1
Second batch of calcium recovery rate (%) 33.3 34.2 34.7 33.8 34.6 34.5 34.1 34.6 34.9 34.8 35.6 34.7 34.3 34.0 33.8
From the present embodiment, the result of first batch can be seen, when the calcium core diameter is 6.3mm, if its height of incidence is set to 40cm, incident angle while being set to 55 °, can obtain the highest calcium metal recovery rate; From the present embodiment, the result of second batch can be seen, when the calcium core diameter is 7.3mm, if its height of incidence is set to 41cm, incident angle while being set to 55 °, can obtain the highest calcium metal recovery rate.
The data of comprehensive first batch and second batch, can find, when the calcium core diameter is in 6~8mm interval, increase along with the calcium core diameter, for obtaining the highest calcium metal recovery rate, the best height of incidence of line feeding and optimal incident angle in fact also increase thereupon, the height of incidence of composite structure calcium heart yearn and incident angle all with the proportional relation of calcium core diameter.Visible, there is impact in height of incidence and the incident angle of calcium core diameter during for its line feeding.

Claims (10)

  1. One kind for steel liquid deoxidation calcium, process add the calcium method, relate to the molten steel in ladle, it is characterized in that the described calcium heart yearn that the calcium method adopts composite structure that adds, described calcium heart yearn consists of calcium core, middle layer and surrounding layer, described surrounding layer is coated on the middle layer outside surface, middle layer is coated on the calcium core outer surface, and described calcium core diameter is 6~8mm; 38~42cm directly over the described molten steel ladle liquid level of height of incidence distance of described calcium heart yearn, its input angle is for to be the angle of 53 °~57 ° with described molten steel ladle liquid level.
  2. According to claim 1 a kind of for steel liquid deoxidation calcium, process add the calcium method, it is characterized in that, when described calcium core diameter is 6.3~6.4mm, 40~40.5cm directly over the described molten steel ladle liquid level of height of incidence distance of described calcium heart yearn, its input angle is for to be the angle of 55 °~55.3 ° with described molten steel ladle liquid level.
  3. According to claim 1 a kind of for steel liquid deoxidation calcium, process add the calcium method, it is characterized in that, described middle layer is the approximate circle column of hollow cylindrical or hollow, on described cylindric or approximate columned cylinder, has axially open.
  4. According to claim 3 a kind of for steel liquid deoxidation calcium, process add the calcium method, it is characterized in that, described opening is the close contact shape.
  5. According to claim 1 a kind of for steel liquid deoxidation calcium, process add the calcium method, it is characterized in that, described middle layer can be pulverulent material filling layer.
  6. According to claim 1,3 or 5 described a kind of for steel liquid deoxidation calcium, process add the calcium method, it is characterized in that, described intermediate layer thickness is 0.2~1.5mm.
  7. According to claim 5 a kind of for steel liquid deoxidation calcium, process add the calcium method, it is characterized in that, described pulverulent material filling layer is following material: the mixture of one or more in ferrosilicon powder, iron powder, aluminium powder (aluminium skin), silicon calcium powder, rare earth, calcium aluminate powder etc.
  8. According to claim 1 a kind of for steel liquid deoxidation calcium, process add the calcium method, it is characterized in that, described calcium core diameter determines by the internal diameter size of ladle, the larger calcium core diameter of ladle internal diameter is larger, minimum diameter is 6mm, maximum diameter is 8mm.
  9. According to claim 1 a kind of for steel liquid deoxidation calcium, process add the calcium method, it is characterized in that, the degree of depth of described molten steel ladle is 1.2~1.3 times of described ladle internal diameter.
  10. According to claim 1 a kind of for steel liquid deoxidation calcium, process add the calcium method, it is characterized in that, the described calcium method that adds, the feeding speed of its calcium heart yearn is:
    Figure 2013104000311100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
    ;
    In formula, V is theoretical wire-feeding velocity, and h is the molten steel ladle degree of depth, and A is speed correction factor (relevant with core skin fusing time, incident angle), and b is core skin total thickness, and D is the calcium core line diameter.
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CN102851446A (en) 2013-01-02

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