CN103449656B - Sequence fed-batch reactor and biological aerated filter (SFBR-BAF) biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal technology - Google Patents
Sequence fed-batch reactor and biological aerated filter (SFBR-BAF) biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sequence fed-batch reactor and biological aerated filter (SFBR-BAF) biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal technology. The SFBR-BAF biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal technology comprises carbon removal, nitrogen removal, and nitrogen and phosphorus removal, and concretely comprises that in a reaction period, sewage is continuously added into an activated sludge reaction tank, the environment of a front SFBR reaction tank is orderly set into an aerobic state and an anaerobic state, the supernatant is discharged by one step after solid-liquid separation in a static settlement stage, and the discharged supernatant is fed into a back improved BAF device, then is treated orderly by an anaerobic section and an aerobic section of the BAF device and then is discharged. The SFBR-BAF biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal technology realizes a good microbe growth environment, solves the problem that high-concentration salts in waste water damage microbes or inhibit microbe growth, solves the problem of mutual inhibition and carbon source contending of microbe mixed culture, solves the problem of BAF biological filter material blocking caused by high-concentration SS, improves a wastewater biotransformation rate, improves total nitrogen and phosphorus removal effects, improves an oxygen utilization rate, and reduces energy consumption and a production cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of sewage, particularly the bioremediation of a kind of municipal effluent, domestic sewage denitrifying-dephosphorizing.
Background technology
A large amount of nitrogen in sewage, phosphorus enter water body, are the major causes causing river, lake eutrophication.China's surface water body and basin, coastal waters are owing to being subject to the pollution of nitrogen phosphorus, and big area continually body eutrophication occurs, thus cause that surface water body is smelly, algae overgrowing, hydrobiont be on the verge of to be destroyed, and causes huge financial loss.For this reason, country takes positive measure, has formulated strict waste water nitrogen, phosphorus emission standard.As, " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard (GB18918-2002) " that China is existing, have higher requirement to nitrogen, phosphorus discharge, primary standard regulation urban wastewater treatment firm water outlet NH
+ 4-N < 5 mg/L, PO
-3 4-P < 0.5 mg/L, one of its important object solves body eutrophication problem.
Municipal effluent comprehensive utilization of purifying waste water after treatment is that sewage work ensures normal operation, solves the important channel of running cost.The current shortage of water resources of China has become the restraining factors of national economy sustainable development, develop new water source and become China's task that especially northern area is extremely urgent, but sewage can be used as after treatment with water, urban afforestation water in agricultural water, urban look water, industrial water, life, this has become the only way at the new water source of solution China that water utilities circle is generally acknowledged.Therefore current in a kind of biotechnology that utilizes of sewage treatment area exploitation while decarburization, can efficiency denitrification and dephosphorization be had again, can also directly reach quality of reused water index, and not need auxiliary with the cheap treatment process of chemical means, be significant.
Biological Nitrogen Removal Processe removes carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus owing to having simultaneously, and the advantage such as processing cost is low and being used widely.According to the change of the size in anaerobism, anoxic, the pond such as aerobic, arrangement, quantity increase and decrease and mixed solution circulation and reflux type, have developed a series of biological denitrification phosphorous removal technique and technology.The biological denitrification dephosphorization technique simultaneously of comparative maturity is divided into following several series: A
2/ O series, the serial and oxidation ditch of SBR are serial.
But standard biologic denitrification dephosphorization technique flow process also exists the factor influencing each other and restrict affecting this technique and effectively run, and main manifestations is: the mixed culture problem of (1) microorganism.In traditional biological synchronous denitrogen dephosphorus technology, polyP bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, nitrifier etc. coexist in same Sludge System, but the Redox Condition difference needed for these biological floras breeding existence, also different to the requirement of sludge age, as the contradiction between nitrifier and polyP bacteria; (2) problem such as simultaneous nitrification and denitrification under the settling property of active sludge and sludge bulking, low dissolved axygen; (3) dephosphorization efficiency by using is improved often along with the decline of denitrification percent.In addition, to the contention of carbon source between different biological flora, the mutual suppression between biological reaction product all makes denitrogenation dephosphorizing process mutually disturb, and finally causes system denitrogenation dephosphorizing overall efficiency not high.In municipal effluent two stage biological treatment system, the power consumption of biological processing unit accounts for about 70% of total power consumption, and coefficient of oxygen utilization is low, and general utilization is 15 ~ 18%, and process energy consumption is high, is the key factor determining sewage disposal energy consumption.
SBR (Sequence Batch Rector) i.e. sequencing batch active sludge: a kind of waste water treatment process distributed based on same reactor different time, in step of reaction, the aerobic of alternate cycles and anoxic process can be adopted, make microorganism under different envrionment conditionss, utilize organic substrates and oxygen to carry out specific vital movement, finally realize the object of organics removal and nitrogen phosphorus.In a reaction time, adopt disposable water intake mode, the batch operation of disposable water outlet after reaction.
SBR technique has its advantage: the SBR technique of (1) compound flowing state, and biochemical reaction mass transfer force increases, and mass-transfer efficiency is high.Anaerobism in pond, be aerobicly in alternating state, from the time, there is not air-teturning mixed phenomenon, good purification; (2) process system composition is simple, and do not establish second pond, aeration tank has the function of second pond concurrently.Sewage precipitates under desirable stationary state, and sludge settling performance is good, effectively can prevent sludge bulking.(3) treatment effect is good, by control break operational stage, as restriction aeration and Unconstrained arcs etc., thus realizes the denitrogenation dephosphorizing of waste water.
SBR technique also has its defect simultaneously: (1) disposable water intake mode, be difficult to ensure the optimum substrate concentration needed for microorganism growth or growing environment, particularly when in waste water containing harmful to microorganism growth or when having an inhibiting material, as ammonia nitrogen in high density and salt, high initial concentration to microorganism growth or biochemical reaction unfavorable, extend the start time of microbial reaction, reduce organic degradation efficiency.(2) waste water feature such as substrate concn, COD/N ratio and pH value etc. have important impact to microbial growth speed, high density NH
4+, NO
2-capital suppresses nitrobacteria growth, system impact resistance is poor, disposable feed way is difficult to maintain the optimum environment needed for microorganism growth, COD/N ratio in waste water and concentration thereof, microorganism concn have a significant effect to COD, N clearance, in addition, in SBR technique, water intake mode difference directly has influence on sedimentation function.
BAF (Biological Aerated Filter is called for short BAF), it is a kind of excellent technique of advanced treatment of wastewater, but it is that SS in the former water of requirement is lower than lOOmg/L that this technique is directly used in one of shortcoming that municipal sewage treatment exists, preferably SS is lower than 60mg/L, otherwise biofilter material can be caused to block when the direct Treating Municipal Sewage of this technique of employing and can not normally run.Another problem is that biological worry pond filler also has problems in economy, bio-film colonization, backwash.
Summary of the invention
Task of the present invention is the defect overcoming prior art, a kind of municipal effluent is provided, the bioremediation of domestic sewage denitrifying-dephosphorizing, i.e. SFBR-BAF(Sequence Fed-batch Reactor and Biological Aerated Filter) technique, comprise the biological section of SFBR and BAF two main bodys, solve in prior art and be difficult to ensure the optimum substrate concentration needed for microorganism growth or growing environment, and Coal Gas Washing Cycling Water salt and the material harmful to microorganism growth, microorganism is poisoned or the problem of Developing restraint, the mixed culture solving microorganism in simultaneously denitrogenation dephosphorizing suppresses and the problem such as carbon source contradiction mutually, solve high concentration SS and cause the problem that in BAF technique, biofilter material blocks, improve wastewater biological transformation efficiency, strengthen overall Nitrogen/Phosphorus Removal.
The further task of the present invention be using after traditional B AF process modification as rearmounted biological section, thus improve coefficient of oxygen utilization, reduce energy consumption and production costs.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A bioremediation for sewage denitrification and dephosphorization, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) carbon and nitrogen removal and reduction SS concentration: an activated sludge reaction pond is set, in reaction tank, sewage is added continuously within a reaction time, and make the environment of reaction tank be followed successively by aerobic state period and anaerobic state period, disposable discharge supernatant liquor after eventually passing the solid-liquid separation staticly settling the period, the microorganism in described active sludge comprises nitrifier and denitrifying bacteria;
(2) dephosphorization denitrogenation a: BAF is set, BAF sets gradually anaerobism section and aerobic section, supernatant liquor described in step 1 is discharged successively after the anaerobism section of BAF and the process of aerobic section, and the microorganism of described BAF comprises polyP bacteria and denitrifying bacteria.
Described step 1 comprises:
1) aerobic reaction: in the aerobic state period of step 1, oxygen in reaction tank is sufficient, ammonia salt in water body, through the nitrification of nitrifier, is converted into nitrate by the sewage added, and simultaneously most of organic carbon material is by aerobic degradation or resolve into carbonic acid gas and water;
2) anaerobic reaction: in the anaerobic state period of step 1, under anoxic or oxygen free condition, through the effect of denitrifying bacteria, be dinitrogen by the nitrate transformation of aerobic reaction product, organic carbon material participates in denitrification process as electron donor and is removed simultaneously, realizes the carbon and nitrogen removal to sewage;
3) staticly settle: staticly settle the period in step 1, adopt the mode of free setting, isolate supernatant liquor and active sludge and other suspended solids, reduce the SS concentration in supernatant liquor.
Described supernatant liquor continues denitrogenation in the anaerobism section of BAF through the effect of denitrifying bacteria, at the aerobic section of BAF through the effect dephosphorization of polyP bacteria, realizes the dephosphorization denitrogenation to sewage.
In BAF described in step 2, foamless oxygen-supplying mode is adopted to the offering oxygen way of aerobic section.
Described foamless oxygen-supplying is passed into continuously in the aeration tube of BAF forced air or pure oxygen, aeration tube is hollow fiber film tube, keep aeration tube internal gas pressure lower than bubble point, the micropore under the promotion of film both sides oxygen partial pressure difference on intraluminal oxygen-permeable film wall or membranous wall directly diffuses in the water body outside pipe.
The bio-film colonization filler that BAF described in step 2 adopts is the volcanics after manual handling.
Described manual handling comprises acid to volcanics, oxygenation pretreatment and artificial granulation.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The bioremediation of sewage denitrification and dephosphorization of the present invention, comprise the biological section of SFBR and BAF two main bodys, the biological section of SFBR is carbon and nitrogen removal and reduction SS concentration mainly, the biological section of BAF mainly dephosphorization denitrogenation, all separated on room and time by the microorganism species conflicted in sewage disposal, the while of solution, in denitrogenation dephosphorizing, the mixed culture of microorganism suppresses and carbon source contention contradiction mutually.
In the biological section of SFBR, change the disposable water intake mode of SBR into continuum micromeehanics, whole process is divided into two stages, before and after phase the order respectively aerobic and anaerobism of Controlling System, adopt continuum micromeehanics, reaction terminates, intermittent drainage, COD in waste water is removed to reach, the object of ammonia nitrogen and nitre state ammonia, continuum micromeehanics and interval water-out manners, there is the feature of ordered semi-continuous reactor, continuum micromeehanics mode through the reaction period can reduce the accumulation of starting stage organic concentration, by diluting effect and early stage aerobic stage logical oxygen aeration pollutent is degraded, prevent the restraining effect of the venomous injurant confrontation microorganism growth of high density, be conducive to the stability improving reactor operation, within the reaction period, continuous print water intake mode can realize the best nutritional physical environment needed for microorganism growth, feed supplement as required, maintains the optimum environment that microorganism growth is in stable growth all the time, strengthens treatment effect and the speed of response of step of reaction, and stopping water inlet at precipitate phase, reactor is in the desirable quiescent setting stage, and therefore sedimentation effect is good, can realize mud-water separation well, to be on aerobic, anaerobic sequence contrary with traditional another difference of SBR technique, although what difference is this improvement de-carbon rate do not have, is conducive to nitration reaction and anti-nitration reaction, makes the decreasing ratio of total nitrogen high, due to the water inlet through the whole reaction period, at the end of anaerobism late phase reaction, the concentration of substrate in reactor can not be too low, and dissolved oxygen concentration is low, can resist hyphomycetic growth, prevent sludge bulking.
In the biological section of BAF, because the biological section of preposition SFBR significantly reduces the SS concentration into water, meet the biological section of rearmounted BAF well to the requirement of the SS lower concentration of water inlet, solve high concentration SS and cause the problem that in the biological section of BAF, biofilter material easily blocks; Adopt the volcanics after manual handling as biologic packing material, be easy to bio-film colonization, mass transfer effect is good, can improve reactor hydraulics, and make biomass in reactor large, processing load is high, stable effluent quality, best in quality; Adopt foamless oxygen-supplying mode, improve oxygen concn and coefficient of oxygen utilization, reduction process energy consumption.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
A bioremediation for sewage denitrification and dephosphorization, comprises the biological section of SFBR and BAF two main bodys:
In the biological section of SFBR, one activated sludge reaction pond is set, microorganism in active sludge comprises nitrifier and denitrifying bacteria, within a reaction time, continuous (linear or non-linear) adds sewage in reaction tank, comprise the aerobic state period and anaerobic state period that carry out successively reaction time, at aerobic state period, in reaction tank, aeration carries out aerobic reaction, the sewage added is through the nitrification of nitrifier, ammonia salt in water body is converted into nitrate, and simultaneously most of organic carbon material is by aerobic degradation or resolve into carbonic acid gas and water; In the anaerobic state period, stop carrying out anaerobic reaction to aeration in reaction tank, under anoxic or oxygen free condition, through the effect of denitrifying bacteria, be dinitrogen by the nitrate transformation of aerobic reaction product, organic carbon material participates in denitrification process as electron donor and is removed simultaneously, realizes the carbon and nitrogen removal to sewage; Reaction terminates laggardly to enter to staticly settle the period, stops adding sewage in reaction tank, adopts the mode of free setting, isolates supernatant liquor and active sludge and other suspended solids, reduces the SS concentration in supernatant liquor.
In the biological section of BAF, one BAF is set, the microorganism of BAF comprises polyP bacteria and denitrifying bacteria, BAF sets gradually anaerobism section and aerobic section, the supernatant liquor of discharging after the biological section process of SFBR, successively through anaerobism section and the aerobic section process of BAF, denitrogenation is continued through the effect of denitrifying bacteria in anaerobism section, in the effect dephosphorization of aerobic section through polyP bacteria, realize the dephosphorization denitrogenation to sewage, with traditional B AF technique unlike: 1, add the pre-treatment that the biological section of a preposition SFBR carries out sewage, reduce into the SS concentration in water, 2, foamless oxygen-supplying mode is adopted to the offering oxygen way of aerobic section, pass into continuously in the aeration tube of BAF by forced air or pure oxygen, aeration tube is hollow fiber film tube, keep aeration tube internal gas pressure lower than bubble point, micropore under the promotion of film both sides oxygen partial pressure difference on intraluminal oxygen-permeable film wall or membranous wall directly diffuses in the water body outside pipe, improves oxygen concn and coefficient of oxygen utilization and reduces process energy consumption, 3, the bio-film colonization filler adopted is the volcanics after the manual handling such as peracid, oxygenation pretreatment and artificial granulation, and be easy to bio-film colonization, mass transfer effect is good, can improve reactor hydraulics, make biomass in reactor large, processing load is high, stable effluent quality, best in quality.
Using the actual domestic wastewater of certain university's apartment block discharge as experimental subjects, experimental result shows, wherein biological transformation ratio SS >=95%, NH4-N >=85%, T-N >=90%, T-P >=88%; Coefficient of oxygen utilization is up to more than 50%; Per kilogram BOD removes cost and reduces by more than 30%.Compare traditional treatment method, make wastewater biological transformation efficiency improve 10 ~ 20%, energy consumption reduces by 30 ~ 50%, and production cost reduces by 20 ~ 30%, efficient coefficient of oxygen utilization.Conventional aeration removes 1 kilogram of BOD5 current consumption about 1.5 ~ 1.8 degree, adopts foamless oxygen-supplying mode, removes the current consumption of 1 kilogram of BOD5 not higher than 0.4 degree, and the energy-conservation superiority of foamless oxygen-supplying technology is fairly obvious.Have according to the water treatment system of the present invention's design and take up an area province's feature, greatly save the floor space for the treatment of tank.
The bioremediation of sewage denitrification and dephosphorization of the present invention, comprise the biological section of SFBR and BAF two main bodys, the biological section of SFBR is carbon and nitrogen removal and reduction SS concentration mainly, the biological section of BAF mainly dephosphorization denitrogenation, all separated on room and time by the microorganism species conflicted in sewage disposal, the while of solution, in denitrogenation dephosphorizing, the mixed culture of microorganism suppresses and carbon source contention contradiction mutually.
In the biological section of SFBR, change the disposable water intake mode of SBR into continuum micromeehanics, whole process is divided into two stages, before and after phase the order respectively aerobic and anaerobism of Controlling System, adopt continuum micromeehanics, reaction terminates, intermittent drainage, COD in waste water is removed to reach, the object of ammonia nitrogen and nitre state ammonia, continuum micromeehanics and interval water-out manners, there is the feature of ordered semi-continuous reactor, continuum micromeehanics mode through the reaction period can reduce the accumulation of starting stage organic concentration, by diluting effect and early stage aerobic stage logical oxygen aeration pollutent is degraded, prevent the restraining effect of the venomous injurant confrontation microorganism growth of high density, be conducive to the stability improving reactor operation, within the reaction period, continuous print water intake mode can realize the best nutritional physical environment needed for microorganism growth, feed supplement as required, maintains the optimum environment that microorganism growth is in stable growth all the time, strengthens treatment effect and the speed of response of step of reaction, and stopping water inlet at precipitate phase, reactor is in the desirable quiescent setting stage, and therefore sedimentation effect is good, can realize mud-water separation well, to be on aerobic, anaerobic sequence contrary with traditional another difference of SBR technique, although what difference is this improvement de-carbon rate do not have, is conducive to nitration reaction and anti-nitration reaction, makes the decreasing ratio of total nitrogen high, due to the water inlet through the whole reaction period, at the end of anaerobism late phase reaction, the concentration of substrate in reactor can not be too low, and dissolved oxygen concentration is low, can resist hyphomycetic growth, prevent sludge bulking.
In the biological section of BAF, because the biological section of preposition SFBR significantly reduces the SS concentration into water, meet the biological section of rearmounted BAF well to the requirement of the SS lower concentration of water inlet, solve high concentration SS and cause the problem that in the biological section of BAF, biofilter material easily blocks; Adopt the volcanics after manual handling as biologic packing material, be easy to bio-film colonization, mass transfer effect is good, can improve reactor hydraulics, and make biomass in reactor large, processing load is high, stable effluent quality, best in quality; Adopt foamless oxygen-supplying mode, improve oxygen concn and coefficient of oxygen utilization, reduction process energy consumption.
Claims (7)
1. a bioremediation for sewage denitrification and dephosphorization, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) carbon and nitrogen removal and reduction SS concentration: a preposition activated sludge reaction pond is set, in reaction tank, sewage is added continuously within a reaction time, and make the environment of reaction tank be followed successively by aerobic state period and anaerobic state period, disposable discharge supernatant liquor after eventually passing the solid-liquid separation staticly settling the period, the microorganism in described active sludge comprises nitrifier and denitrifying bacteria;
(2) dephosphorization denitrogenation: a rearmounted BAF is set, BAF sets gradually anaerobism section and aerobic section, supernatant liquor described in step 1 is discharged successively after the anaerobism section of BAF and the process of aerobic section, and the microorganism of described BAF comprises polyP bacteria and denitrifying bacteria.
2. bioremediation according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step 1 comprises:
1) aerobic reaction: in the aerobic state period of step 1, oxygen in reaction tank is sufficient, ammonia salt in water body, through the nitrification of nitrifier, is converted into nitrate by the sewage added, and simultaneously most of organic carbon material is by aerobic degradation or resolve into carbonic acid gas and water;
2) anaerobic reaction: in the anaerobic state period of step 1, under anoxic or oxygen free condition, through the effect of denitrifying bacteria, be dinitrogen by the nitrate transformation of aerobic reaction product, organic carbon material participates in denitrification process as electron donor and is removed simultaneously, realizes the carbon and nitrogen removal to sewage;
3) staticly settle: staticly settle the period in step 1, adopt the mode of free setting, isolate supernatant liquor and active sludge and other suspended solids, reduce the SS concentration in supernatant liquor.
3. bioremediation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described supernatant liquor continues denitrogenation in the anaerobism section of BAF through the effect of denitrifying bacteria, at the aerobic section of BAF through the effect dephosphorization of polyP bacteria, realize the dephosphorization denitrogenation to sewage.
4. bioremediation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: adopt foamless oxygen-supplying mode to the offering oxygen way of aerobic section in BAF described in step 2.
5. bioremediation according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described foamless oxygen-supplying is passed into continuously in the aeration tube of BAF forced air or pure oxygen, aeration tube is hollow fiber film tube, keep aeration tube internal gas pressure lower than bubble point, the micropore under the promotion of film both sides oxygen partial pressure difference on intraluminal oxygen-permeable film wall or membranous wall directly diffuses in the water body outside pipe.
6. bioremediation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the bio-film colonization filler that BAF described in step 2 adopts is the volcanics after manual handling.
7. bioremediation according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described manual handling comprises acid to volcanics, oxygenation pretreatment and artificial granulation.
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| CN101058463A (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2007-10-24 | 重庆大学 | Waste water biological treatment method for realizing anaerobic ammoxidation and methanation denitrification coupling |
| CN101088931A (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2007-12-19 | 中国海洋大学 | Biological sewage-treating process |
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| CN101058463A (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2007-10-24 | 重庆大学 | Waste water biological treatment method for realizing anaerobic ammoxidation and methanation denitrification coupling |
| CN101088931A (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2007-12-19 | 中国海洋大学 | Biological sewage-treating process |
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| Title |
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| SFBR工艺顺序进行硝化和反硝化的动力学研究;邵友元等;《环境污染治理技术与设备》;20060630;第7卷(第6期);第73-76页 * |
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