Background technology
Screw feeder is a kind of widely used feeding device, particularly is applicable to air-tightness and requires the occasions such as high, that temperature is high.But, if the generation material in feeder is emptying, the spiral groove drum full fill or material particles between during the space large and situation such as poorly sealed that causes, the gas anti-channeling easily occurs to be advanced in feeder, causes system gas leakage, and affects normal feed; If the anti-channeling gas temperature is higher, easily cause material sex change coking in screw feeder, result in blockage, affect reinforced, also may cause and catch fire, burn helicallobe and screw shaft when serious.
For example, at the application screw feeder by coal during to burner hearth or combustion chamber feed, if the high-temperature flue gas anti-channeling occurs, by cause the sex change of coal and stick to helicallobe and screw shaft on, in the time of seriously, can catch fire.Again for example, when the application screw feeder is used for biomass feeding, because loose biomass density is less, or briquetting is larger, easily causes poorly sealed.Also for example, at the application screw feeder, when the garbage feeding, hopper is easily put up a bridge, and causes feeder emptying etc.
In prior art, usually adopt not equidistant screw channel screw rod to prevent the screw feeder gas blowby, on normal equidistant screw channel screw rod, some short spacing screw channels are installed.When equidistantly the screw rod of screw channel rotates feed usually, material each point on axle is uniform, and during normal feeding, material can not be full of diametrically, thereby form the current space of gas on screw slot top, but not equidistantly the screw channel screw rod is when conveying, owing to there being the screw channel section that spacing is less, in this section, the material walking is slower, form the material local accumulation, long-pending full whole cross section, thus the material envelope formed, prevented the gas gas blowby.The method is comparatively simple under normal circumstances, but can't avoid the generation of gas blowby in the situations such as or bridging emptying at the feed bin material.
In addition, the screw feeder gas blowby of for feed bin, putting up a bridge and causing, prior art often adopts the method for vibrator that arranges in the feed bin bottom.Although the method has certain effect to processing feed bin bridging problem, can't avoid the high-temperature gas anti-channeling to enter in screw feeder.
The specific embodiment
For making the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and, with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
It should be noted that, in accompanying drawing or specification sheets description, similar or identical part is all used identical figure number.And in the accompanying drawings, the shape of embodiment or thickness can enlarge, and to simplify or convenient the sign.Moreover the element or the implementation that do not illustrate in accompanying drawing or describe, be form known to a person of ordinary skill in the art in affiliated technical field.In addition, although this paper can provide the demonstration of the parameter that comprises particular value, should be appreciated that, parameter is without definitely equaling corresponding value, but can in acceptable error margin or design constraint, be similar to corresponding value.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the anti-gas blowby system of a kind of screw feeder has been proposed.This system comprises: sensing device, be arranged between the material inlet and material outlet of screw feeder, and the sidewall of material channel, for the temperature in the perception material channel and air pressure; Anti-channeling gas medium Storage Silo, be arranged at the top of screw feeder, for storing the anti-channeling gas medium; The anti-channeling gas medium adds entrance, is arranged between anti-channeling gas medium Storage Silo and material channel, and when it is closed, anti-channeling gas medium Storage Silo and material channel are isolated; When it is opened, the anti-channeling gas medium in anti-channeling gas medium Storage Silo enters in material channel, at the anti-channeling gas medium, adds between entrance and material outlet and forms the material envelope; Control setup, be connected with the sensing device circuit, while not being inconsistent for temperature or air pressure in the material channel when the perception of described sensing device institute and default temperature or air pressure, opening described anti-channeling gas medium by control cock and add entrance.In explanation hereinafter, for convenience of description, the definition screw feeder near a side of material outlet be front, away from a side be after.
In order further to improve the effect of anti-gas blowby, described control setup also, for when opening by control cock after the anti-channeling gas medium adds entrance, maintains the screw feeder rotation in Preset Time, then stops screw feeder and rotates.Herein, the selection principle of the time that this is default is, after the anti-channeling gas medium adds screw feeder, along with the rotation of screw feeder, at the anti-channeling gas medium, to add between the blade between entrance and material outlet and form and completely fill the needed time.
For the anti-channeling gas medium is entered after material channel, have time enough to form the material envelope, the anti-channeling gas medium adds the selection of the position of entrance, preferably near the material outlet of screw feeder, particularly when gas blowby is high-temperature gas.When gas-blowing phenomenon occurs, can form material envelope, shutoff gas blowby at the screw feeder front end, reduce contacting of salvage stores and gas blowby in screw feeder.If but too approached material outlet, failure-free material envelope could not be formed.According to test and analogue computing research, the anti-channeling gas medium adds the twice that distance between entrance and material outlet should be at least helicallobe pitch, and the anti-channeling gas medium forms the material that at least two pitch are long and seals, and the effect of shutoff gas blowby is comparatively guaranteed like this.
As the particulate matter of anti-channeling gas medium, density should not be too little, otherwise be difficult to the shutoff gas blowby, and particle diameter also should not be too large, otherwise fill the material space in feeder; Therefore preferred, particulate matter is the bulk density that bulk density is not less than the screw feeder convey materials, to reach the purpose in space between fill material.Mean grain size is can be with the mean grain size that is transferred material similar or be less than the latter, and maximum particle diameter should not surpass the maximum particle diameter that is transferred material.When anti-channeling gas is high-temperature gas, as the particulate matter of anti-channeling gas medium also should select as far as possible invariability at high temperature, noncoking and preferably not with the material that is transferred material and reacts, such as sand, kaolin, slag etc.In particular cases, for example do not allow to add in the situation of other material, the material that the screw feeder of also can usining is carried is as the anti-channeling gas medium.
Adding of particulate matter can utilize the deadweight nature to fall, and is about to the medium Storage Silo and is arranged on the top that medium adds entrance, and the shutoff valves such as employing push-pull valve are as control cock, and when control cock is opened, medium directly falls into screw feeder, forms the material envelope; Also can, by star valve etc. as control cock, during the control cock running, medium be fed in screw feeder.
When gas blowby is high-temperature gas, sensing device is the first temperature sensor.Adding between entrance for material inlet and anti-channeling gas medium of the location optimization of the first temperature sensor.In addition, can also add between entrance and material outlet the second temperature sensor is set again at the anti-channeling gas medium.Formed the failure-free material when the anti-channeling gas medium and be honored as a queen between the feeder blade, the temperature that this second temperature sensor detects can comparatively fast descend.In order to prevent erroneous judgement, also should be at least apart from two blade pitchs between this second temperature sensor and material outlet.In order to ensure material envelope long enough, this second temperature sensor and anti-channeling gas medium add also should be at least apart from two blade pitchs between entrance.
For having fed in raw material, also adopted protection gas to prevent the situation of gas anti-channeling in the equipment higher to air pressure; the criterion that can adopt air pressure signal to occur as gas blowby; now, sensing device is baroceptor, and this baroceptor is arranged on material inlet and the anti-channeling gas medium adds between entrance.During the screw feeder normal operation, due to the protection gas that has passed into high pressure, the air pressure of screw feeder inflow point is higher than the air pressure in exit; When in hopper or feeder, material is emptying, the air pressure in the screw feeder casing can reduce.Now, anti-gas blowby system starts, and the anti-channeling gas medium forms material and is honored as a queen between helicallobe, and the air pressure at baroceptor place raises, and stops adding the anti-channeling gas medium and stops screw feeder.
For the situation of negative pressure feed, the air pressure at screw feeder material inlet place is lower than the air pressure at material outlet place, and as the feed of living beings, when hopper or feeder material when emptying, to be atmosphere flow to the material inlet of negative pressure the gas blowby of generation.Now, add between entrance and material outlet baroceptor is set at the anti-channeling gas medium, during normal operation, this baroceptor place air pressure is lower than barometric pressure, when material is emptying, this side point place air pressure raises, and now the anti-channeling device of air starts, and the anti-channeling gas medium forms material and is honored as a queen between helicallobe, the air pressure at baroceptor place is returned to negative pressure state, and anti-gas blowby system automatically stops adding the anti-channeling gas medium and stops screw feeder.In order to prevent erroneous judgement, should be at least apart from two blade pitchs between this baroceptor and feeder material outlet; In order to ensure material envelope long enough, this baroceptor and medium add also should be at least apart from two blade pitchs between entrance.
System of the present invention can, for the single-stage feed, also can be used for multistage feeding.During for multistage feeding, temperature sensor or baroceptor are arranged on the final stage feeder, so that the very first time monitors the generation of gas blowby.Anti-channeling gas medium Storage Silo and anti-channeling gas medium add entrance and can only be arranged on the final stage feeder, shutoff final stage feeder when gas blowby occurs.Strictly prevent that for needs gas blowby from entering the situation in the upper class feeder, the anti-gas blowby system of many covers can be set on the multistage feeding machine, according to the temperature on feeders at different levels or Pressure monitoring signal, control wherein in the casing of what or whole feeders at different levels and add the anti-channeling gas medium.The second temperature sensor only is contained on final stage.
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, the screw feeder 1 of single-stage feeds biological substance shaped granule to the recirculating fluidized bed burner hearth, and with sensing device, control setup 3, anti-channeling gas medium Storage Silo 4.In anti-channeling gas medium Storage Silo 4, be equipped with through screening, mean grain size is less than the kaolin of biological substance shaped granule mean grain size.
The casing middle part of screw feeder 1 is provided with the first temperature sensor 2, and the temperature signal monitored passes to control setup 3.On the casing of screw feeder 1, be provided with the anti-channeling gas medium and add entrance between material outlet and the first temperature sensor 2, the distance between itself and feeder material outlet is 4 times of helicallobe pitch.The anti-channeling gas medium adds between entrance and material outlet and also is provided with shutoff detected temperatures sensor 5, and the distance that itself and anti-channeling gas medium add the material outlet of entrance and screw feeder is 2 times of helicallobe pitch.The anti-channeling gas medium adds entrance and is connected by the pipeline that control cock is housed with the anti-channeling gas medium Storage Silo 4 of its top, and control cock is push-pull valve, and with controller.
The temperature signal received when controller is during higher than setting value, open push-pull valve, kaolin in anti-channeling gas medium Storage Silo 4 falls into screw feeder 1, and along with the rotation of screw feeder 1, kaolin is full of cavity, formation material envelope, the isolated gas blowby occurred in casing.Gas blowby by successful shutoff after, the temperature at shutoff detected temperatures sensor 5 places descends, during lower than setting value, controller cuts out push-pull valve, stops the running of screw feeder.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figure 2, the two-stage screw feeder is to coal supply in gasification furnace, and one-level screw feeder 11 is to the hopper feed of deuterostrophies feeder 12, and deuterostrophies feeder 12 is connected with gasification furnace, is the final stage feeder; Be equipped with the anti-channeling device of air on screw feeder 11 and 12, comprise respectively sensing device, control setup 31 and 32, anti-channeling gas medium Storage Silo 41 and 42.The rear side that the temperature sensor 21 and 22 of sensing device is located at respectively on two-stage screw feeder casing, the anti-channeling gas medium adds entrance.Control cock is star valve, and the distance that the anti-channeling gas medium adds between entrance and feeder material outlet is 2 times of helicallobe pitch, and anti-channeling gas medium Storage Silo 41 is identical with the material in the feeder hopper with the anti-channeling gas medium in 42, is the smalls of 0~10mm.
The temperature sensor signal received when controller during higher than setting value, is opened corresponding star valve, and smalls is joined in screw feeder, fills the cavity occurred in casing, and forms material envelope, isolated gas blowby.If just the temperature sensor 21 on final stage screw feeder 12, higher than setting value, only has the smalls in final stage anti-channeling gas medium Storage Silo 42 to be added in the feeder casing; If the temperature sensor on two-stage feeder 11,12 is all higher than setting value, the smalls in anti-channeling gas medium Storage Silo 41 and 42 all is added in the feeder casing.
After star valve starts, allow screw feeder continue delay working a period of time, guarantee that smalls has formed the material envelope in feeder, closes star valve and screw feeder subsequently.
Embodiment 3:
As shown in Figure 3; screw feeder 1 adds the smalls that particle diameter is 0~8mm in gasification furnace; higher than barometric pressure, for high-temperature gas anti-channeling under the state that prevents normal feed enters in feeder, to screw feeder 1, pass into the protection gas of air pressure higher than the stove internal gas pressure due to the air pressure in gasification furnace.
The anti-channeling device of air comprises sensing device, control setup 3, anti-channeling gas medium Storage Silo 4, and sensing device comprises baroceptor 6, is positioned on the casing of screw feeder 1, the anti-channeling gas medium adds the entrance rear side.The distance that the anti-channeling gas medium adds between entrance and screw feeder material outlet is 3 times of helicallobe pitch.The anti-channeling gas medium adds entrance and is connected by the pipeline that control cock is housed with the anti-channeling gas medium Storage Silo 4 of its top, and control cock is push-pull valve, and with controller.The river sand of 0~1mm or the end slag of discharging from gasification furnace are housed in anti-channeling gas medium Storage Silo 4.
The air pressure signal received when controller during lower than setting value, is opened push-pull valve, and river sand falls into screw feeder 1, and along with the rotation of screw feeder 1, river sand forms material envelope, isolated gas blowby in feeder.The air pressure at baroceptor 6 places raises, and while surpassing setting value, controller cuts out push-pull valve, stops the running of screw feeder.
Embodiment 4:
As shown in Figure 4, screw feeder 1 adds the biomass straw briquetting that particle diameter is 0~10mm in boiler hearth of circulating fluidized bed, and adding spot control is negative pressure.
The anti-channeling device of air comprises sensing device, control setup 3, anti-channeling gas medium Storage Silo 4, and sensing device comprises baroceptor 6.Baroceptor 6 on the casing of screw feeder 1, the anti-channeling gas medium adds between entrance and feeder material outlet, and and the distance between these two be 2 times of helicallobe pitch.The anti-channeling gas medium adds entrance and is connected by the pipeline that control cock is housed with the anti-channeling gas medium Storage Silo 4 of its top, and control cock is push-pull valve, and with controller.In anti-channeling gas medium Storage Silo 4,0~1.5mm, d are housed
50the coal-fired slag through screening of ≈ 0.15mm.
During screw feeder 1 normal operation, baroceptor 6 places be negative pressure.The air pressure signal received when controller is during higher than setting value, illustrate that this place communicates with atmosphere, hopper and feeder emptying.Controller is opened push-pull valve accordingly, makes kaolin fall into screw feeder 1, and along with the rotation of screw feeder 1, kaolin forms material envelope, isolated gas blowby in feeder.The air pressure at baroceptor 6 places descends, and during lower than setting value, controller cuts out push-pull valve, stops the running of screw feeder.
Above-described specific embodiment; purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; institute is understood that; the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.