CN103443371B - 地板的30分钟住宅防火保护 - Google Patents

地板的30分钟住宅防火保护 Download PDF

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CN103443371B
CN103443371B CN201280013590.0A CN201280013590A CN103443371B CN 103443371 B CN103443371 B CN 103443371B CN 201280013590 A CN201280013590 A CN 201280013590A CN 103443371 B CN103443371 B CN 103443371B
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G·F·米勒
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/12—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with wooden beams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B9/001—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by provisions for heat or sound insulation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B9/22—Connection of slabs, panels, sheets or the like to the supporting construction
    • E04B9/24—Connection of slabs, panels, sheets or the like to the supporting construction with the slabs, panels, sheets or the like positioned on the upperside of, or held against the underside of the horizontal flanges of the supporting construction or accessory means connected thereto
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B9/22—Connection of slabs, panels, sheets or the like to the supporting construction
    • E04B9/24—Connection of slabs, panels, sheets or the like to the supporting construction with the slabs, panels, sheets or the like positioned on the upperside of, or held against the underside of the horizontal flanges of the supporting construction or accessory means connected thereto
    • E04B9/241—Connection of slabs, panels, sheets or the like to the supporting construction with the slabs, panels, sheets or the like positioned on the upperside of, or held against the underside of the horizontal flanges of the supporting construction or accessory means connected thereto with the slabs, panels, sheets or the like positioned on the upperside of the horizontal flanges of the supporting construction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B9/30—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by edge details of the ceiling; e.g. securing to an adjacent wall

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Abstract

本发明提供一种用于住宅地板(10)的火情阻挡板及其构造方法，该构造包括：地板(10)，该地板支撑在一种类型的轻型托梁(11)上，所述类型的托梁一旦暴露于地板下方的空间中存在的火情易于早期失效；在托梁的下方悬吊的一系列长形钢质主T形件(21)，T形件是平行的并且间隔开2’的额定距离，T形件具有上部空心增强球缘、从球缘向下延伸的中心竖直腹板以及从腹板的两侧横向延伸的水平凸缘；在相邻对的T形件的凸缘的上面上承载的干墙面板(22)，干墙面板具有的宽度略小于T形件的中心到中心距离，大多数面板具有8’或更大的长度。

Description

地板的30分钟住宅防火保护
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑物构造，并且特别地涉及用于以廉价方式使地板托梁防火的方法和材料。
背景技术
最近的经验表明住宅物业中的无覆盖轻型托梁构造尽管在普通情况下是足够的，但是在火情的情况下可能易受早期构造失效的影响。该情况对居住者和消防员或其他救助者造成严重的风险，这些人可能在由下面的火情损害的地板区域上行走并且通过弱化区域掉落。需要一种可行的、廉价的方式来保护轻型托梁以延长它们可以耐受下面发生的火情的时间。喷水系统安装成本高，需要定期维护和测试并且易于冰冻。常规的干墙天花板需要包胶带并且消除了到达托梁空间以便检查、修理和改动设施或其它目的的可用通道。轻型托梁构造典型地涉及工程木质托梁。这些工程木质托梁最常采用木质工字梁的形式，具有OSB腹板和方木凸缘，或由金属板连接的方木构件制造的平行弦桁架。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于在有限时间的内保护住宅地板免受源自地板下方的火情的方法和系统。本发明以新颖方式利用常规材料从而以较低成本获得某种水平的保护，同时提供额外的益处。
更具体地，本发明组合某些悬吊天花板格栅部件和防火等级的干墙面板以构造火情阻挡层或天花板。火情阻挡层保护轻型地板托梁免受存在于地板下方的火情的热量和火焰。阻挡层可以提供一段时间、例如30分钟的保护。
该系统的干墙面板承载在多个主T形件龙骨上，这些主T形件龙骨以2英尺中心平行布置，与常规天花板构造的典型四英尺中心明显不同。面板以略小于2英尺尺寸的宽度被提供或者在现场被切割至该宽度，使得它们装配在相邻龙骨之间。与常规天花板中的实践不同，在用主龙骨之间的许多副T形件或龙骨来建立格栅的情况下，在本发明的实践中使用很少的副龙骨，如果有的话。而且，与常规的悬吊天花板构造不同，干墙面板例如以8、10或12英尺的长度供应。该面板长度消除了大多数(如果不是全部的话)副龙骨的使用，这取决于正在保护的地板区域的尺寸。
当地板区域的尺寸比面板长时，可以在两个面板的端部之间使用副T形件。该技术消除了需要包胶带，该胶带否则可能是这些面板之间的暴露接头。在阻挡层的平面由设施穿透的情况下，面板会横跨与该穿透相切的横向线被切割，并且针对穿透物体制造切口。可以使用副T形件在横向切口处支撑面板。
从以上内容可见，本发明使用常规材料以最少的材料和劳动力成本提供一种经济的火情阻挡层。该阻挡层可以减小声音传播至受保护地板上方的空间中。可以在安装干墙面板以及格栅龙骨之后进行涂漆。无论是否涂漆，面板可以改善火情阻挡层下方空间中的光反射。
附图说明
图1是通过本发明的住宅地板和火情阻挡层、在平行于地板托梁的平面中获得的局部横截面图；
图2是在图1中所示的平面2-2中获得的地板和火情阻挡层的局部视图；以及
图3是在周边墙处的火情阻挡层的等轴局部视图。
具体实施方式
在图1和图2中显示了利用轻型木质托梁11的典型住宅地板构造10。在所示的例子中，托梁11是木质工字梁，典型地具有定向刨花板(OSB)腹板12和方木凸缘13。未示出的其它轻型木质工字梁可以使它们的腹板在工厂制造有沿着它们的长度间隔的用于管道系统或其它设施的开口。轻型木质托梁还可以属于平行弦桁架类型，其方木部分由带倒钩的金属板联接。
所述的木质轻型托梁具有胜过实心方木的许多公认优点，但不幸的是，在它们暴露于来自下方的火情一段较短时间的情况下会具有严重的缺陷。一些研究表明，与常规实心锯木托梁的30分钟相比，轻型木质托梁在仅仅6分钟后就失效了。
本发明提供一种低成本的火情阻挡板以在暴露于来自下方的火情时保护住宅地板免于早期破坏。在托梁未由完成的天花板覆盖的情况下，存在火情会快速地波及住宅地下室中的地板托梁的典型情况。
本发明的火情阻挡层利用标准的建筑材料和部件使成本、复杂性和安装劳动力最小化。本发明使用基本的悬吊天花板格栅构件，但是通过在很大程度上消除矩形格栅而脱离规范。相反地，在不需要穿透的情况下，仅仅规则地使用主龙骨并且只有当地下室的房间或部分的宽度太大以致于不能由本发明的单面板横跨(长度通常为8、10或12英尺)时才使用副龙骨。
参考图1和2，在住宅地板10的下面竖立火情阻挡件16。除了托梁11以外，该住宅地板构造典型地包括底层地板17和完成地板(finishfloor)18，其中之一或两者典型地基于木材。火情阻挡件或层16包括两个主要部件，即主龙骨21和干墙面板22。主龙骨21是常规的悬吊天花板格栅T形件。主龙骨或T形件21通过在沿着T形件的间隔开的间隔处附连(典型地在4’中心)而悬吊在托梁11上。
将T形件21附连到托梁11的廉价方式是将钉子设置在托梁的下表面23中，使常规悬吊钢丝环绕该钉子，并且然后弯折该钉子以便用钉子锁定钢丝。显示为24的悬吊钢丝环绕穿过在球缘(bulb)27或在该球缘与格栅T形件21的下凸缘26之间的腹板29中的预成形孔之一，然后以常规方式卷绕在其上以将该T形件固定在期望高度处。从托梁11的下表面23到T形件21的下凸缘26的3或4英寸的间距是优选的。该间距能够使具有以下讨论的尺寸的倾斜面板22从龙骨的平面下方组装在多个相邻的格栅龙骨21之间。
如果期望的话，可以设计金属夹子以附连到托梁11并且卡扣到T形件或龙骨21的标示为27的球缘。另一方式是将T形件21拧接到附连到托梁11的金属板托架。在图1和2的图示中，T形件21在垂直于托梁11的方向上被悬吊。替代地，T形件21可以与托梁11平行对齐地被悬吊。可以将桁条或其它装置附连到托梁11以补偿与T形件21的优选的2’中心间距不同的托梁11的中心到中心间距。
图3示出本发明的一个方面，该方面涉及在火情阻挡件16的周边处或在火情阻挡件的中间区域处的T形件21的端部28的支撑，例如在地板托梁11由位于下面的十字梁支撑的地方。T形件端部28由特定的墙壁角材31支撑。墙壁角材31与常规的墙壁角材类似，由薄钢板原料滚轧成形。墙壁角材31的竖直支腿32可以在例如6”或12”间隔中心冲压有接片33。接片33可以由墙壁角材的安装者弯曲到竖直支腿的平面之外。移位的接片33将T形件21的端部28用被驱动通过接片和龙骨21两者的自攻丝螺钉34进行锚固。
防火干墙以具有4’x8’、10’、12’乃至更长尺寸的板形式可商购。尽管可以使用标准的防火干墙实践本发明，但是这样的板略微过宽而不能被方便地切割成具有23-3/4”的宽度。而且，标准干墙板具有沿着它们的长尺寸的锥形边缘。本发明的火情阻挡面板22更方便地通过将尤其制造成具有47-1/2”的宽度并且没有渐缩的防火干墙板进行分割而制造。
这样的干墙板在分割成两半(通常在安装位置处)时产生具有23-3/4”宽度并且对于悬吊在固定在2’中心的常规T形件21上是理想的面板。这些特定宽度的防火干墙板可以具有标准的8、10或12’长度。
在主龙骨或T形件21悬吊就位时，干墙面板21可以被组装到T形件上。这通过如下方式实现：使面板的一个长边缘尽可能远地向上倾斜到一对相邻的T形件21之间的空间中，使得面板的下部相对边缘可以升高经过附近的T形件的凸缘26并且然后移动回到旁边经过的凸缘。此后，向上边缘可以被降低就位。面板21的该组装操作类似于在将悬吊天花板贴砖安装在天花板格栅上时典型地使用的组装操作。
可以容易地修改用于生产尺寸防火等级5/8”干墙的制造设备以制造略微更窄的、非锥形的47-1/2”宽度的优选面板21。在地板尺寸大于所述的12’的情况下标准主T形件端对端地联接。
在地板下方的地下室或区域的部分在尺寸上大于面板可获得的尺寸(例如超过8、10或12’)情况下，可以在面板的端部处使用副T形件36(图3)以桥接接头和在纵向上连续的另一个面板。副T形件36组装在主T形件21之间并且可以抵靠它们的相应凸缘26。副T形件36上的标准端部连接件是非必要的，如果不需要将连接件组装和锁定在主龙骨T形件中所提供的常用副T形件接收槽中的话。
在诸如管道和导管的物体穿透阻挡层16的平面的情况下，面板可以被切割成使得它具有与该物体相切并且被切割用于该物体的边缘。可以使用副T形件桥接在该切割边缘和该物体的与第一面板相对的一侧上的互补面板之间的接头。防火干墙面板22和(为了方便起见，可选地)T形件可以被涂漆。这将改善面板22的光反射，优于它们的自然反射。而且火情阻挡板16用于减少声音从地下室区域向地板构造10上方的空间传播。
应当清楚的是，本公开作为例子并且可以通过添加、修改或去除细节进行各种变化而不脱离包含在本公开中的教导的公正范围。例如，在流行公制单位的地理区域，以上给出的尺寸可换算为它们的公制当量。所以，除了以下权利要求必须这样限制的范围之外，本发明不被限制到本公开的特定细节。

Claims (7)

1.在住宅结构中，一种构造包括：地板，所述地板支撑在轻型工厂预制木质工字梁式托梁上且在其间延伸，地板托梁由于其轻型构造而一旦暴露于所述地板下方的空间中存在的火情易于早期失效；自所述托梁且在所述托梁的下方悬吊的一系列长形钢质主T形件，所述主T形件是平行的并且间隔开2英尺的额定中心到中心距离，所述主T形件具有上部空心增强球缘、从所述球缘向下延伸的中心竖直腹板以及从所述腹板的两侧横向延伸的水平凸缘；在相邻对的主T形件的凸缘的上表面上承载的且完全位于其上的具有纵向边缘的长形防火干墙面板，所述长形防火干墙面板具有的宽度略小于所述主T形件的中心到中心距离，大多数长形防火干墙面板具有8英尺或更大的长度，所述防火干墙面板提供火情阻挡件，其能够至少30分钟防止面板下方出现火情。
2.根据权利要求1所述的构造，其中主T形件跨过尺寸大于单个防火干墙面板的长度的区域延伸，并且附加的面板与第一次提到的面板端对端布置。
3.根据权利要求2所述的构造，其中副T形件布置在串列的干墙面板的端部之间以桥接所述端部之间的接头区域。
4.根据权利要求1所述的构造，其包括在由所述干墙面板保护的空间的外周处的墙壁角材，所述墙壁角材具有从所述墙壁角材的竖直支腿冲压出的可弯曲的接片。
5.根据权利要求4所述的构造，其中所述主T形件用自攻丝螺钉附连到所述可弯曲接片的相应接片。
6.一种保护轻型工厂预制木质工字梁式地板托梁免受下方空间中的火情的方法，所述方法包括：从所述托梁平行地并且在2英尺中心上悬吊标准的主T形件，将所述主T形件相对靠近所述托梁的底部定位，但具有足够的最小空间以允许宽度为大约23-3/4英寸的干墙面板向上倾斜并且从下方横向地移动进入相邻主T形件之间的空间中，并且然后向下并且横向地移动进入在所述主T形件的凸缘上的位置，在所述主T形件的凸缘的顶部上安装长度为8英尺或更大并且宽度为大约23-3/4英寸的长形的防火干墙面板，通过所述防火干墙面板保护轻型工厂预制木质工字梁式地板托梁至少30分钟免受火情。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中由所述托梁包围的空间受到保护并且所述主T形件延伸的长度比单个干墙面板的长度长，副T形件定位在所述主T形件之间的两个干墙面板之间的接头处。
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