CN103443044A - 包括两个低辐射性叠层的隔离性多层窗玻璃 - Google Patents

包括两个低辐射性叠层的隔离性多层窗玻璃 Download PDF

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CN103443044A
CN103443044A CN2012800145828A CN201280014582A CN103443044A CN 103443044 A CN103443044 A CN 103443044A CN 2012800145828 A CN2012800145828 A CN 2012800145828A CN 201280014582 A CN201280014582 A CN 201280014582A CN 103443044 A CN103443044 A CN 103443044A
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window glass
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base material
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glass
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H.热拉尔丹
V.雷蒙
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
    • C03C27/10—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet with at least one intermediate air space
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/3411—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3626—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer one layer at least containing a nitride, oxynitride, boronitride or carbonitride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3657—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having optical properties
    • C03C17/366—Low-emissivity or solar control coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3681—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating being used in glazing, e.g. windows or windscreens
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
    • C03C2218/30—Aspects of methods for coating glass not covered above
    • C03C2218/365—Coating different sides of a glass substrate
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
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Abstract

本发明涉及具有隔热性质的多重玻璃板，其通过至少两个由充气腔分开的玻璃基材的结合获得，所述多重玻璃板包含第一低辐射性多层叠层，其包含至少一个金属功能层；和第二低辐射性多层叠层，其包含至少一个由透明导电氧化物构成的功能层；和设置在所述由透明导电氧化物制成的功能层上面的基本由氧化硅组成的层。

Description

包括两个低辐射性叠层的隔离性多层窗玻璃
本发明涉及多重窗玻璃(vitrage multiple)，特别地用于建筑物领域的双重或者三重窗玻璃，所述窗玻璃包含可以作用于日光辐射和/或长波长红外辐射的金属类型功能层。
本发明更特别地涉及具有高太阳因子的增强隔热的窗玻璃，并因此主要用于寒冷气候的窗玻璃。
该窗玻璃更特别地用于装备建筑物，特别地为了降低在冬季加热需要的能量(所谓“低辐射性”窗玻璃)和为了使免费太阳能最大化。
在这种窗玻璃中，例如双重窗玻璃，两个玻璃基材通过隔片保持一定相隔距离，使得界定充满隔离性气体(其可以是空气、氩或者氪)的空腔。双重窗玻璃因此由两个通过充气腔分开的玻璃片材(基材)组成。因此用序列4/12/4表示由两个4毫米厚的玻璃片材和12毫米厚充气腔组成的双重窗玻璃。
通常，双重窗玻璃的面从建筑物外部开始进行编号。双重窗玻璃因此包含4个面，面1在该建筑物外部(并因此形成窗玻璃的外壁)，面4在该建筑物内部(并因此形成该窗玻璃的内壁)，面2和3在双重窗玻璃的内部。
同样地，三重窗玻璃包含6个面，面1在该建筑物外部上(窗玻璃的外壁)，面6在该建筑物内部(该窗玻璃的内壁)，面2至5在该三重窗玻璃内部。
已知地，具有增强隔热作用的双层窗玻璃或者隔离性窗玻璃(对于双层窗玻璃，根据英文还通常被称为DGU)包含所谓具有低辐射性(低-e)的多层叠层，所述低辐射性多层叠层包括至少一个具有在红外线和/或日光辐射中反射性质的金属功能层，特别地至少一个基于银或者基于包含金属银的金属合金的功能层。这种叠层通常被沉积在该双重窗玻璃的面2或者3上。
在这种类型叠层中，功能层最通常位于在两个抗反射涂层之间，每个抗反射涂层通常包含若干个每个由氮化物类型(特别地氮化硅或者氮化铝)或者氧化物类型介电材料制成的层。
配备有这种层的双层窗玻璃的实例描述在公开物WO2007/101964、EP877005、EP718250、FR2856627、EP847965、EP183052和EP226993中。
当前，这种多层叠层在使用由待沉积的材料构成的靶或使用在反应性气氛中的金属靶通过磁场增强的阴极溅射沉积层的相同装置中被沉积在该双重窗玻璃的玻璃基材之一上。这种方法在沉积领域中被称为“磁控管”沉积方法。
这些窗玻璃的隔热性能根据本领域的技术通过传热系数U进行度量，该传热系数U表示在该窗玻璃的两个面之间，对于每单位温差，经由每单位面积穿过窗玻璃的热量。在隔离性双重窗玻璃中，因此寻求使从外部向内部的热传递减到最少，即，使U系数减到最小。
系数U在本发明的意义上在国际标准ISO 10292中描述的条件下进行测量。
另一种允许度量双重窗玻璃的品质的参数是太阳因子FS。它被定义为经由窗玻璃进入房间的能量与入射太阳能的比率。它可以通过使直接透射过该窗玻璃的能量通量和由该窗玻璃所吸收然后重发射向内部的能量通量加和进行计算。
系数FS在本发明意义上在国际标准ISO 9050中描述的条件下进行测量。
已知地，当前的隔离性双重窗玻璃最通常包含低辐射性类型多层叠层，该叠层最通常在DGU的面2上或者最通常在DGU的面3上包含至少一个银层，以限制辐射式传热。这种低辐射性层的存在还具有降低太阳因子的结果，特别地如果它位于该双重窗玻璃的面2上时。
举例来说，在下面表1中归类了在目前使用的并且包括银功能层的可商业获得的叠层的特性，和对于在其面2或者3上包含这种叠层的4/16(90%Ar)/4双重窗玻璃获得的能量和光学性能。
表1
DGU: 4/16(90%Ar)/4 无低-e叠层 在面2上低-e(Ag) 在面3上低-e(Ag)
U(W·m-2·K-1) 2.6 1.1 1.1
FS(%) 78 58 63
Figure 934612DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
从现有技术还已知DGU，其中低-e叠层包含反射红外线和/或日光辐射的功能层，该层不是金属层而是由透明导电氧化物(TCO)，特别地ITO(混合氧化铟锡)或者SnO2:F(氟掺杂的氧化锡)类型氧化物制成的层。对于具有或者不具有包括320nm厚的用1at%氟掺杂的SnO2:F(氧化锡)功能层的叠层的传统DGU获得的能量和光学性能在下面表2中给出。
表2
DGU: 4/16(90%Ar)/4 无低-E 在面2上低-e (TCO) 在面3上低-e (TCO) 在面4上低-e (TCO)
U(W·m-2·K-1) 2.6 1.5 1.5 2.1
FS(%) 78 70 77 73
当该功能层为TCO类型时，由于该功能层的更高的辐射，可以观察到能量传递系数U高于为金属功能层的情况。还可以看出，当TCO功能层沉积在面3上时，太阳因子较小地受这种TCO功能层的存在的影响。
特别地在申请EP 637572 A1中还提供了在该窗玻璃的不同面上包含两个叠层的结合的双层窗玻璃。根据该公开物，可以通过在该双重窗玻璃的面3上设置包含银层的第一低-e叠层进一步地降低能量传递因子和获得具有U=1.1的DGU，该第一低-e叠层的作用通过另一种设置在面4上的具有不同性质的低-e层进行补充。
虽然在该窗玻璃上在两个不同面上设置两个低-e层有效地允许有利地降低能量传递系数U，由本申请人实施的工作显示它还伴随着它的所测量的太阳因子的显著降低。
本发明的目的是通过提出具有增强隔热性质(特别地低于1.1，甚至1.0的U值)同时保存高太阳因子的隔离性窗玻璃解决上面介绍的问题。
更特别地，本发明涉及具有隔热性质的多重窗玻璃，其通过多个由充气腔分开的玻璃基材的结合获得，第一基材的正面定义该窗玻璃的外壁和最后基材的背面定义所述窗玻璃的内壁，所述多重窗玻璃包含:
-第一低辐射性多层叠层，其包含至少一个金属功能层；和
-第二低辐射性多层叠层，其包含至少一个由透明导电氧化物构成的功能层。
根据本发明，所述第二叠层被沉积在构成该窗玻璃的内壁的最后基材的背面上，和所述第一叠层被沉积在所述最后基材的另一面上或者在面对所述另一面的在前基材的面上。
此外，在所述第二低辐射性多层叠层中，将基本上由氧化硅构成的层设置，相对于所述最后玻璃基材的表面，在由透明导电氧化物制成的功能层上方。
根据本发明，所述第二叠层不包含金属功能层。
根据第一种可能的实施方案，本发明涉及具有隔热性质的双重窗玻璃，其通过使两个由充气腔分开的玻璃基材结合而获得，第一基材界定该窗玻璃的面1和2，第二基材界定该窗玻璃的面3和4，该窗玻璃包含:
-第一低辐射性多层叠层，其包含至少一个金属功能层，所述叠层被沉积在该双重窗玻璃的面2或者3上；和
-第二低辐射性多层叠层，其包含至少一个由透明导电氧化物构成的功能层，所述叠层被沉积在第二基材上在该双重窗玻璃的面4上，
其中将基本上由氧化硅构成的层设置在面4上，并相对于第二玻璃基材的表面，在由透明导电氧化物制成的功能层上方，在所述第二低辐射性多层叠层中。
根据这种实施方案，第二基材的面4因此构成该窗玻璃的内壁，在其上沉积所述第二叠层。
根据另一种实施方案，本发明涉及具有隔热性质的三重窗玻璃，其通过使由两个充气腔分开的三个玻璃基材结合而获得，第一基材界定该窗玻璃的面1和2，第二基材界定该窗玻璃面3和4，所述第三基材界定该窗玻璃的面5和6，该窗玻璃包含:
-第一低辐射性多层叠层，其包含至少一个金属功能层，所述叠层被沉积在该三重窗玻璃的面4或者5上；和
-第二低辐射性多层叠层，其包含至少一个由透明导电氧化物构成的功能层，所述叠层被沉积在第二基材上在该三重窗玻璃的面6上，
其中将基本上由氧化硅构成的层设置在面6上，并相对于第二玻璃基材的表面，在由透明导电氧化物制成的功能层上方，在所述第三低辐射性多层叠层中。
根据这种实施方案，第三基材的面6因此形成该窗玻璃的内壁，在其上沉积所述第二叠层。
措辞“基本上由氧化硅构成的层”在本说明书的意义上理解为表示包含氧和硅并且由大于80wt%氧化硅(基于简单的氧化物式SiO2)和任选的至少一种其它元素构成的层，该其它元素优选地选自Al、C、N、B、Sn、Zn，并且非常优选地选自Al、B或者C。
优选地，所述基本上由氧化硅构成的层由大于90wt%的氧化硅(根据上述定义，总是基于简单的氧化物式SiO2)构成。为了简化起见，这种层在本说明书也被称为氧化硅层。
措辞“玻璃基材”在本发明意义上被理解为表示单一玻璃片材或者多个玻璃片材，特别地两个玻璃片材的组装件，玻璃片材通过聚合物类型中间层，特别地PVB(聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)中间层，使用在本领域中熟知的技术连接在一起以形成所谓的“层压”结构。
术语“叠层”在本发明意义上应该理解为表示至少两个在玻璃基材的表面上重叠的层的组装件。
措辞“低辐射性叠层”在本发明意义上理解为表示任何在本领域中已知用于降低该配备有所述叠层的玻璃墙的标准发射力εn的叠层，在以下参考文献：Techniques de l ’ ing é nieur ，“ Vitrage à isolation thermique renforc é e ”，C3635中描述的意义上来说。
特别地，对于包含至少一个金属功能层的第一低辐射性叠层，有利地选择产生小于或等于0.1，优选地小于或等于0.08，非常有利地小于或等于0.05的标准发射力εn的叠层。
对于包含至少一个由透明导电氧化物构成的功能层的第二低辐射性叠层，有利地选择产生小于或等于0.7，优选地小于或等于0.5，非常有利地小于或等于0.4的标准发射力εn的叠层。
措辞“与…接触”在本发明意义上理解为表示无中间层被插入在两个提到的层之间。
根据这种多重窗玻璃的优选实施方案，必要时，其当然可以彼此被结合在一起：
-基本上包含氧化硅的层与TCO层接触。然而不脱离本发明的范围，中间层还可以被设置于在TCO层和基本上包含氧化硅的层之间的所述第二叠层中，这种中间层例如用氮化硅、氮化铝或者这两种材料的混合物制成；
-基本上由氧化硅构成的层是第二低辐射性多层叠层的最外层；
-基本上由氧化硅构成层的物理厚度为40至90nm，优选地40至80nm；
-该金属层是银层或者基于银的合金层；
-该透明导电氧化物层选自混合氧化铟锡(ITO)，特别地具有大于或等于90/10的In2O3/SnO2质量比的ITO，用氟掺杂的氧化锡(SnO2:F)或者用锑(Sb)掺杂的氧化锡，铝掺杂的ZnO(AZO)，镓掺杂的ZnO(GZO)，镓和铝双掺杂的ZnO(AGZO)，和用铌掺杂的二氧化钛(TiO2:Nb)；
-该金属层的物理厚度为6至16nm和该透明导电氧化物的厚度为50至400nm；
-该金属层的物理厚度为6至10nm和该透明导电氧化物的厚度为80至300nm；
-该金属层的物理厚度为10至12nm和该透明导电氧化物的厚度为50至200nm；
-该金属层的物理厚度为12至16nm和该透明导电氧化物的厚度为100至400nm；
-所述第二低辐射性多层叠层在由透明导电氧化物制成的功能层下包含至少一种基于氮化物的介电层，特别地由氮化硅和/或氮化铝制成的介电层；
-第二低辐射性多层叠层具有以下层序列，自该基材的表面开始：玻璃/氮化硅/氧化硅/ITO/任选的氮化硅/氧化硅，附加中间层可以被插在这些不同的层之间；和
-所述第二低辐射性多层叠层具有以下层序列，从所述基材的表面开始：玻璃/氧化硅或者碳氧化硅/SnO2:F/氧化硅，附加中间层可以被插在这些不同的层之间。
本发明还涉及可以用来构成如上所述的多重窗玻璃的内壁的基材，其包括：
-第一低辐射性多层叠层，其包含至少一个金属功能层，所述叠层被沉积在所述基材的第一面上；
-第二低辐射性多层叠层，其包含至少一个由透明导电氧化物构成的功能层，所述叠层被沉积在所述基材的第二面上，其中将基本上由氧化硅构成的层设置在所述第二低辐射性多层叠层中并且相对于第二玻璃基材的表面，在由透明导电氧化物制成的功能层上方。
本发明的另一主题还是如上所述的基材在制备隔离性多重窗玻璃中的用途，所述基材构成所述窗玻璃的内壁。
本发明的细节和有利特征将通过以下借助于附图1举例说明的非限制性实施例变得明显，该附图1示意显示由两个其各自形成基材10，30的玻璃片材构成的双重窗玻璃1(DGU)的实施方案。将两个基材通过隔片和框架20，21被分开，稳固地并且彼此面对地进行保持，该组装件界定由中间充气腔15占据的闭合空间。根据本发明，该气体可以是空气、氩气或者氪(或者这些气体的混合物)。
当考虑进入该建筑物中的日光的入射方向(在该附图中从左至右定向的通过双箭头进行说明)时，使第一玻璃片材(基材30)朝向外部。在附图1中，这种片材在它的朝向中间体充气腔的背面31上不用涂层涂覆。它的正视图29(被称为“面1”)，其还构成该窗玻璃1的外壁，可以是裸露的或者用另一涂层涂覆的，该另一涂层为如在公开物EP850204中描述的自清洁类型涂层，或者如在公开WO2007/115796或者WO2009/106864中描述的防凝结类型涂层。
当考虑进入建筑物的日光的入射方向时，位于最靠近该建筑物内部的另一玻璃片材形成第二基材10。这种基材10在它的朝向中间充气腔的正面9上用由多层叠层12组成的隔离性低辐射性涂层涂覆，该多层叠层包含至少一个已知类型的基于银的(低-e)功能层(该包含银的低辐射叠层因此位于该双重窗玻璃的称为“面3”的内部面上)。
该基材10的背面11，其还形成窗玻璃1的内壁，用如上所述类型的其它低辐射性薄多层叠层13涂覆，该叠层包含至少一个由透明导电氧化物构成的功能层。
在该附图中，没有严格遵循不同层的厚度之间的比例以容易观察它们。
不脱离本发明的范围，叠层12还可以位于该双重窗玻璃1的面2上。
本发明和它的优点在阅读以下非限制性实施例后得到更好理解。
在所有以下实施例中，该低辐射性薄多层叠层被沉积在由本申请人公司以商标名planilux®销售的明亮钠钙玻璃基材上。
对于所有以下实施例，对于双层窗玻璃装配件，薄层叠层分别地被设置在面3和面4上，即当考虑日光进入该建筑物的入射方向时，在最靠近建筑物内部的玻璃基材上。
根据实施例装配的所有双层窗玻璃DGU具有4/16(90%Ar)/4构造，即它们由通过16毫米厚的包含90%氩气和10%空气的中间空腔分开的两个4毫米厚的Planilux®透明玻璃片材构成，该整体通过框架结构20和隔片21进行坚固地保持。
在所有实施例中，设置在该DGU的面3上的低辐射性叠层是在前面(表1)作为目前可商业获得的叠层的代表进行描述的那些。
根据本发明，设置在DGU的面4上的低辐射性叠层是其功能层用透明导电氧化物TCO制成的低辐射性叠层。在实施例中，为了证明与实施本发明有关的优点，使在该叠层中存在的不同层的本质进行改变。
除包含氟掺杂的SnO2作为功能层的叠层之外，该两个叠层的所有层可以以已知方式通过靶的磁控管溅射沉积的传统技术在真空中进行沉积。
在下面表3汇集了用于实施例1至3的不同层的磁控管溅射沉积的一般条件。
表3
层 使用的靶 沉积压力(毫巴) 气体
Si3N4 为92:8wt%的Si:Al 1.5×10-3 为45%的Ar/(Ar+N2)
TiO2 TiOx，其中x为约1.9 1.5×10-3 为95%的Ar/(Ar+O2)
SnZnSbOx 为34:65:1wt%的SnZn:Sb 2×10-3 为58%的Ar/(Ar+O2)
ZnO 为98:2wt%的Zn:Al 2×10-3 为52%的Ar/(Ar+O2)
Ti 金属Ti 2×10-3 100%Ar
Ag Ag 4×10-3 100%Ar
SiO2 为92:8wt%的Si:Al 2×10-3 为70%的Ar/(Ar+O2)
ITO In2O3/SnO2(90/10重量) 2×10-3 为95%的Ar/(Ar+O2)
混合氧化铟锡(ITO)具有基本上等于90/10的In2O3/SnO2质量比。
该实施例4至9的SnO2:F层、SiOC层和SiO2层通过传统的CVD沉积技术获得。氟掺杂剂含量为大约1at%。
实施例1至3描述了对比叠层和根据本发明的叠层，其中在该双重窗玻璃的面4上的叠层的TCO是氧化铟锡ITO。
实施例4至9描述了对比叠层和根据本发明的叠层，其中在该双重窗玻璃的面4上的叠层的TCO是SnO2:F。
实施例10描述了对比叠层，其中最后的氧化硅层仅仅为12纳米，并因此在本发明的范围外。
实施例 1( 对比实施例 ):
在该实施例中，在DGU的面4上的叠层为：
玻璃/ Si3N4/ ITO/ Si3N4
厚度(nm) 20 70 20
实施例 2( 根据本发明 ):
在该实施例中，在DGU的面4上的叠层为：
玻璃/ Si3N4/ ITO/ SiO2
厚度(nm) 20 70 75
实施例 3( 根据本发明 ):
在该实施例中，在DGU的面4上的叠层为：
玻璃/ Si3N4/ SiO2 ITO/ SiO2
厚度(nm) 20 15 70 75
在下面表4总结了对于实施例1至3的窗玻璃获得的结果。
表4
实施例 太阳因子(%) U系数(W·m-2·K-1)
1 60.9 1.0
2 63.0 1.0
3 63.2 1.0
实施例 4 至 6( 对比实施例 )
在该实施例中，在DGU的面4上的叠层为：
Figure 851753DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
实施例 7 至 9( 根据本发明 )
在该实施例中，在DGU的面4上的叠层为：
Figure 444539DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
在下面表5总结了对于实施例4至9的双层窗玻璃获得的结果。
表5
实施例 太阳因子(%) U系数(W·m-2·K-1)
4 59.4 1.0
5 59.6 1.0
6 60.3 1.0
7 61.8 1.0
8 62.1 1.0
9 62.6 1.0
在表4和5中示出的结果显示配备有两个根据本发明的低-e叠层的双重窗玻璃在传热系数U和太阳因子方面具有更好的总体性能。
实施例 10( 对比实施例 ):
在该实施例中，在DGU的面4上的叠层为：
玻璃/ Si3N4/ ITO/ SiO2
厚度(nm) 20 70 12
对于该对比实施例，测量为59.6%的太阳因子和1.0W·m-2·K-1的U系数。
通过比较上面实施例1至10，可以看出根据本发明的窗玻璃对于相同的传热系数允许获得更高的太阳因子。
本发明在上面通过举例进行了描述。应该理解的是，本领域的技术人员将可以实施本发明的不同变型而不脱离本发明的范围。特别地，本发明可以适用于三重窗玻璃。

Claims (16)

1.具有隔热性质的多重窗玻璃，其通过使由充气腔分开的多个玻璃基材(10, 30)结合而获得，第一基材(30)的正面(29)定义该窗玻璃的外壁和最后基材(10)的背面(11)定义所述窗玻璃的内壁，所述多重窗玻璃包含:
-第一低辐射性多层叠层(12)，其包含至少一个金属功能层；和
-第二低辐射性多层叠层(13)，其包含至少一个由透明导电氧化物构成的功能层，
其中所述第二叠层(13)被沉积在构成该窗玻璃内壁的最后基材（10）的背面(11)上，
其中所述第一叠层被沉积在所述最后基材的另一面(9)上或者在面对所述另一面的前面基材的面(31)上，
其中，将物理厚度为40至90nm的基本上由氧化硅构成层设置在所述第二低辐射性多层叠层(13)中，并且相对于所述最后玻璃基材(10)的表面，在由透明导电氧化物制成的功能层上方。
2.具有隔热性质的双重窗玻璃，其通过使由充气腔分开的两个玻璃基材结合而获得，第一基材界定该窗玻璃的面1和2，第二基材界定该窗玻璃的面3和4，该窗玻璃包含:
-第一低辐射性多层叠层，其包含至少一个金属功能层，所述叠层被沉积在该双重窗玻璃的面2或者3上；和
-第二低辐射性多层叠层，其包含至少一个由透明导电氧化物构成的功能层，所述叠层被沉积在第二基材上在该双重窗玻璃的面4上，
其中将基本上由氧化硅构成的层设置在面4上，并相对于第二玻璃基材的表面，在由透明导电氧化物制成的功能层上方、在所述第二低辐射性多层叠层中。
3.具有隔热性质的三重窗玻璃，其通过使由充气腔分开的三个玻璃基材结合而获得，第一基材界定该窗玻璃的面1和2，第二基材界定该窗玻璃的面3和4，所述第三基材界定该窗玻璃的面5和6，该窗玻璃包含:
-第一低辐射性多层叠层，其包含至少一个金属功能层，所述叠层被沉积在该三重窗玻璃的面4或者5上；和
-第二低辐射性多层叠层，其包含至少一个由透明导电氧化物构成的功能层，所述叠层被沉积在第二基材上在该三重窗玻璃的面6上，
其中将基本上由氧化硅构成的层设置在面6上，并相对于第三玻璃基材的表面，在由透明导电氧化物制成的功能层上方、在所述第三低辐射性多层叠层中。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项的多重窗玻璃，其中基本上由氧化硅构成的层与TCO层接触。
5.根据前述权利要求任一项的多重窗玻璃，其中所述氧化硅层或包含至少90wt%SiO2的氧化物层是第二低辐射性多层叠层的最外层。
6.根据前述权利要求任一项的多重窗玻璃，其中所述氧化硅层或包含至少90wt%SiO2的氧化物层的物理厚度为40至90nm，优选地40至80nm。
7.根据前述权利要求任一项的多重窗玻璃，其中该金属层是银层或者基于银的合金层。
8.根据前述权利要求任一项的多重窗玻璃，其中该透明导电氧化物层选自混合氧化铟锡(ITO)，特别地In2O3/SnO2质量比大于或等于90/10的混合氧化铟锡，用氟掺杂的氧化锡(SnO2:F)或者用锑(Sb)掺杂的氧化锡，铝掺杂的ZnO(AZO)，镓掺杂的ZnO(GZO)，镓和铝双掺杂的ZnO(AGZO)，用铌掺杂的二氧化钛(TiO2:Nb)。
9.根据前述权利要求任一项的多重窗玻璃，其中该金属层的物理厚度为6至16nm和其中该透明导电氧化物层的厚度为50至400nm。
10.根据权利要求9的多重窗玻璃，其中该金属层的物理厚度为6至10nm和其中该透明导电氧化物层的厚度为80至300nm。
11.根据权利要求9的多重窗玻璃，其中该金属层的物理厚度为10至12nm和其中该透明导电氧化物层的厚度为50至200nm。
12.根据权利要求9的多重窗玻璃，其中该金属层的物理厚度为12至16nm和其中该透明导电氧化物层的厚度为100至400nm。
13.根据前述权利要求任一项的多重窗玻璃，其中所述第二低辐射性多层叠层包含，在由透明导电氧化物制成的功能层下方，至少一个基于氮化物的介电层，特别地由氮化硅和/或氮化铝制成的介电层。
14.根据前述权利要求任一项的多重窗玻璃，其中第二低辐射性多层叠层包含以下层序列，自该基材的表面开始：玻璃/氮化硅/氧化硅/ITO/任选的氮化硅/氧化硅，附加中间层可以被插在这些不同层之间。
15.根据前述权利要求任一项的多重窗玻璃，其中所述第二低辐射性多层叠层具有以下层序列，从所述基材的表面开始：玻璃/氧化硅或者碳氧化硅/SnO2:F/氧化硅，附加中间层可以被插在这些不同的层之间。
16.可以用来构成根据前述权利要求任一项的多重窗玻璃的内壁的基材，其包含：
-第一低辐射性多层叠层，其包含至少一个金属功能层，所述叠层被沉积在所述基材的第一面上；
-第二低辐射性多层叠层，其包含至少一个由透明导电氧化物构成的功能层，所述叠层被沉积在所述基材的第二面上，其中将基本上由氧化硅构成的层设置在由透明导电氧化物制成的功能层上方，相对于该玻璃基材的表面而言。
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