CN103439703B - The reflective two-sided translation emitter of Orthoptic synthetic aperture laser imaging radar - Google Patents
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Abstract
The reflective two-sided translation emitter of a kind of Orthoptic synthetic aperture laser imaging radar, this emitter comprises LASER Light Source, launches polarization beam apparatus, quarter-wave plate, horizontal polarization light path spherical reflector, the concavo-convex catoptron of vertical polarization light path cylinder and transmitter-telescope primary mirror.The optical device that the present invention comprises is less, simple and compact for structure, and principle is reliable, is easy to realize, does not need optical delay line, can realize the requirement that optical phase real-time synchronization changes, and meets the requirement of direct-view blended space laser radar transmitting terminal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to signal transmission of a laser radar, in particular to a reflecting type double-sided translation transmitting device of a direct-view synthetic aperture laser imaging radar. The device is based on the principle of coaxial scanning astigmatic wave front emission, and coaxial concentric double-beam polarized orthogonal beams are emitted at an emitting end through the translation of two reflecting mirrors, and the scanning speeds on a far-field receiving surface are equal.
Background
The synthetic aperture laser imaging radar described in the prior art [1] (Two-dimensional synthetic imaging in the optical domain [ J ]. Opt.Lett.,2002,27(22): 1983-1985) is the only optical imaging observation means capable of obtaining centimeter-level imaging resolution at a long distance. The method takes side view as a necessary working condition, and implements distance resolution imaging from a distance direction (cross-track direction), namely Fourier transform imaging, aperture synthesis in an azimuth direction (down-track direction), namely matched filtering imaging of quadratic term phase history. But due to the use of chirped laser emission, this introduces wave front fluctuations and phase distortions associated with any phase into the transmitted signal, resulting in a severe degradation of radar detection performance. In the prior art [2] (Synthetic-adaptive estimation and signal processing [ J ]. appl.Opt.,2005,44(35): 7621-7629), an interference method is adopted to measure and compensate the phase fluctuation, but the actual operation is difficult to realize. In addition, in the side view situation, in order to reduce the beat frequency and the non-linear chirp, a complex delay line technology is needed, which is not easy to realize, and a linear sweep laser is also needed, which limits the application of the imaging radar.
In addition, side-looking synthetic aperture lidar has a number of disadvantages; in the prior art [3] (two-dimensional imaging experiment of a reduced-scale synthetic aperture laser radar [ J ]. optics report, 2009,29(7): 2030-2032), the side-looking synthetic aperture laser radar needs a sampling optical telescope, and in order to increase the size of a target surface light spot and match a transmitting laser divergence angle and a heterodyne receiving field angle, a receiving aperture needs to be reduced, but the receiving intensity is reduced, which is not favorable for heterodyne detection. In the prior art [4] (principle of direct-view synthetic aperture laser imaging radar [ J ]. optics report, 2012,32(9): 0928002), a concept and principle structure schematic diagram of a direct-view synthetic space laser radar is provided, and based on a parabolic wave-front differential scanning and a self-difference detection complex receiving method, a coaxial concentric orthogonal polarization double beam is projected to a target according to a wave-front transformation principle, and self-difference receiving is performed. The resultant phase difference of the two polarized wavefronts is parabolic equipotential line distribution, but no specific principle structural schematic diagram is proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a reflecting type double-sided translation transmitting device of a direct-view synthetic aperture laser imaging radar, which aims at a transmitting system of the direct-view synthetic aperture laser imaging radar, overcomes the difficulties in the prior art and is provided. The device has the advantages of less optical devices, simple and compact structure, reliable principle, easy realization, no need of an optical delay line, realization of the requirement of real-time synchronous change of optical phases and satisfaction of the requirement of a transmitting end of a laser radar in a direct-view synthesis space.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a direct-view synthetic aperture laser imaging radar reflection type double-sided translation transmitting device is characterized by comprising a laser light source, a polarization beam splitter, a first quarter wave plate, a second quarter wave plate, a vertical polarization light path astigmatic cylindrical concave-convex reflector, a horizontal polarization light path spherical reflector and a transmitting telescope primary mirror, wherein the position relations of the components are as follows:
the polarization beam splitter is arranged along the laser source output laser direction, and the linearly polarized light beam output by the laser source is divided into two transmitted horizontal polarized light beams and reflected vertical polarized light beams with equal intensity and orthogonal polarization by the emission polarization beam splitter: the direction of the transmitted horizontal polarized beam, namely the negative direction of the x axis of a rectangular coordinate system, is sequentially provided with a second quarter-wave plate and a horizontal polarized light path spherical reflector, the direction of the reflected vertical polarized beam, namely the negative direction of the z axis is sequentially provided with a first quarter-wave plate and a vertical polarized branch astigmatic cylindrical concave-convex reflector, the direction of the reflected light of the vertical polarized branch astigmatic cylindrical concave-convex reflector is sequentially provided with a first quarter-wave plate, a polarized beam splitter and a transmitting telescope main mirror, the optical axes of the first quarter-wave plate and the second quarter-wave plate respectively form 45 degrees with the polarization direction of the respective incident light, the distances from the spherical reflector and the astigmatic cylindrical concave-convex reflector to the center of the beam splitting surface of the polarized beam splitter are equal and a, and the distance from the center of the beam splitting surface of the polarized beam splitter to the transmitting telescope main mirror is b, the optical paths from the spherical reflector and the astigmatic cylindrical concave-convex reflector to the primary mirror of the transmitting telescope are equal to the focal length f of the primary mirror of the transmitting telescope1I.e. a + b ═ f1(ii) a The curvature radius directions of the cylindrical concave-convex reflecting mirror in the X direction and the Y direction are opposite, and the sizes of the cylindrical concave-convex reflecting mirror are respectively equal toAndthe radius of curvature of the spherical mirror in both y and Z isThe horizontal polarization light path spherical reflector and the vertical polarization light path cylindrical concave-convex reflector are respectively arranged on two high-speed vibration platforms with the same model, the initial position of each vibration platform ensures that the centers of the spherical reflector and the cylindrical concave-convex reflector are coincident with the centers of optical axes of respective light paths, the two platforms respectively drive the spherical reflector and the cylindrical concave-convex reflector to reciprocate in the direction perpendicular to the optical axes of the respective light paths at the same speed, coaxial concentric orthogonal polarization double light beams are respectively generated in the cross track direction (x direction) of the laser radar, and optical scanning with opposite directions and the same speed is carried out on a far-field target surface.
According to the basic emission principle of a direct-view synthetic aperture laser imaging radar, the vertical polarization light path cylindrical concave-convex reflecting mirror and the horizontal polarization light path spherical reflecting mirror are moved in a reciprocating mode in an orbital plane (in the X-Z direction), and the polarized orthogonal double-beam far-field scanning is achieved. The device drives the spherical reflector and the cylindrical concave-convex reflector to reciprocate in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of each light path at the same speed through two vibrating motors with the same model, and can control the scanning speed of the polarized orthogonal light beams according to the moving speed of two reflecting curved surfaces, coaxial concentric polarized orthogonal double light beams are emitted to a target far-field target surface, one polarized light beam is a spherical wave, the other polarized light beam is an astigmatic wave surface, the phase difference of the two light beams synthesized in wave front is distributed in a parabolic equipotential manner, and disturbance related to the phase can be eliminated. This is the technical core and difficulty of the transmission system. Meanwhile, different curvature parameters ensure that the wave front curvature radiuses of the two scanned light beams are the same, the signs are opposite, the scanning speeds are the same and the scanning directions are the same in the forward track direction of the movement of the carrying platform; in the cross-track direction of the movement of the carrying platform, the wave front curvature radii of the two light beams are the same, the signs are the same, the scanning speed is the same, and the scanning directions are opposite.
The invention has the following obvious characteristics:
1. the invention relates to a transmitting end device of a high-resolution two-dimensional imaging direct-view synthetic aperture laser imaging radar. The adopted high-speed vibration platform is mature products and technologies and can be purchased or entrusted to develop. The vertical polarized light beam and the horizontal polarized light beam which are coaxial, concentric and polarized and orthogonal are respectively a spherical wave surface and an astigmatic wave surface, and the wave front synthetic phase difference is distributed in a parabolic equipotential manner.
2. The reflecting type double-sided translation transmitting device of the direct-view synthetic aperture laser imaging radar meets the requirements that a space linear item related to a position is generated in an intersection track direction, focusing imaging is realized through Fourier transformation, a space quadratic item process related to the position is generated in a forward track direction, focusing imaging is realized through quadratic item matching filtering, and the imaging algorithm of the reflecting type double-sided translation transmitting device is the same as that of a side-view synthetic aperture laser imaging radar.
3. The direct-view synthetic aperture laser imaging radar reflection type double-sided translation transmitting device is characterized in that the optical axes of the first quarter-wave plate and the second quarter-wave plate and the polarization direction of incident light form 45 degrees, and the polarization state of a polarized light beam is changed after the polarized light beam passes through the wave plates twice.
4. In the direct-view synthetic aperture laser imaging radar reflection type double-sided translation transmitting device, the distances from a horizontal polarization branch spherical reflector and a vertical polarization branch astigmatic cylindrical concave-convex reflector to a polarization beam splitter are equal (for example, a), and the optical path (as shown in a figure a + b) from an eyepiece of a transmitting telescope is equal to the focal length f of the eyepiece1Namely, the following relationship is shown as the figure: a + b ═ f1。
5. According to said claim 1, in the emitting device, the rectangular function can be sampled, considering that the rectangular spot can produce a uniform illumination swath, with better imaging resolution.
The technical effects of the method are as follows:
1. the invention adopts two coaxial concentric polarized orthogonal beams for emission, realizes that the diffraction spots on the cross-track direction of a target surface scan reversely in the cross-track direction with the same curvature radius and scan in the same direction in the forward-track direction with the opposite curvature radius by reciprocating a horizontal polarized light path spherical reflector and a vertical polarized light path astigmatic cylindrical concave-convex reflector in the cross-track plane (X-Z plane) at the same speed and combining a polarization beam splitter and a polarization beam combiner into a whole.
2. The polarized light beam passes through the two quarter-wave plates, the optical axis of the polarized light beam and the polarization direction of the polarized light beam form 45 degrees, and the polarization state of the polarized light beam is changed after the polarized light beam passes through the quarter-wave plates twice.
3. The invention does not adopt an eyepiece at the end of the transmitting telescope to reduce the lens aberration, simplifies the experimental structure and is easy to realize. Meanwhile, the sampling emission primary mirror directly emits the polarized double beams, so that the wave surface phase of the far-field illumination light spot is relatively stable. Considering that the receiving aperture of the self-error detection at the receiving end is large, large optical toes and strong echo receiving intensity can be realized simultaneously.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a direct-view synthetic aperture laser imaging radar reflection type double-sided translation transmitting device.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the cylindrical concave-convex reflector of the present invention
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and drawings, but the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a direct-view synthetic aperture laser imaging radar reflection type double-sided translation transmitting device according to the present invention. The direct-view synthetic aperture laser imaging radar reflection type double-sided translation transmitting device comprises a laser source 1, a polarization beam splitter 2, a first quarter wave plate 3, a second quarter wave plate 4, a vertical polarization light path astigmatic cylindrical concave-convex reflector 5, a horizontal polarization light path spherical reflector 6 and a transmitting telescope main mirror 7, wherein the position relations of the components are as follows:
the laser beam direction output by the laser source 1 is the polarization beam splitter 2, and the linearly polarized light beam output by the laser source 1 is divided into two transmitted horizontal polarized light beams and reflected vertical polarized light beams with equal intensity and orthogonal polarization by the emission polarization beam splitter 2: the direction of the transmitted horizontal polarized beam, namely the negative direction of the x axis of a rectangular coordinate system, is sequentially provided with a second quarter-wave plate 4 and a horizontal polarized light path spherical reflector 6, the direction of the reflected vertical polarized beam, namely the negative direction of the z axis, is sequentially provided with a first quarter-wave plate 3 and a vertical polarized branch astigmatic cylindrical concave-convex reflector 5, the direction of the reflected light of the vertical polarized branch astigmatic cylindrical concave-convex reflector 5, namely the positive direction of the z axis, is sequentially provided with the first quarter-wave plate 3, a polarization beam splitter 2 and a transmitting telescope main mirror 7, the optical axis of the first quarter-wave plate 3 and the optical axis of the second quarter-wave plate 4 respectively form 45 degrees with the polarization direction of respective incident light, the distances from the spherical reflector 6 and the astigmatic concave-convex reflector 5 to the center of the beam splitting surface of the polarization beam splitter 2 are equal and are a, the distance from the center of the beam splitting surface of the polarization beam splitter 2 to the transmitting telescope main mirror 7 is b, the optical paths from the spherical reflector 6 and the astigmatic cylindrical concave-convex reflector 5 to the primary mirror 7 of the transmitting telescope are equal to the focal length f of the primary mirror 7 of the transmitting telescope1I.e. a + b ═ f1(ii) a The curvature radius directions of the cylindrical concave-convex reflecting mirror 5 in the X direction and the Y direction are opposite, and the sizes are respectivelyAndthe radius of curvature of the spherical mirror 6 in both y and Z isThe horizontal polarized light pathThe spherical reflector 6 and the cylindrical concave-convex reflector 5 of the vertical polarization light path are respectively arranged on two high-speed vibration platforms with the same model, the initial positions of the vibration platforms ensure that the centers of the spherical reflector 6 and the cylindrical concave-convex reflector 5 are superposed with the centers of the optical axes of the respective light paths, the two platforms respectively drive the spherical reflector 6 and the cylindrical concave-convex reflector 5 to reciprocate in the direction perpendicular to the optical axes of the respective light paths at the same speed, coaxial concentric orthogonal polarization double light beams are respectively generated in the cross track direction (x direction) of the laser radar, and optical scanning with opposite directions and the same speed is carried out on a far-field target surface.
The linearly polarized light beam output by the laser light source 1 passes through the emission polarization beam splitter 2, and the light beam is divided into two polarized orthogonal horizontal (H direction) polarized light beams and vertical (V direction) polarized light beams with equal intensity by the emission polarization beam splitter. The horizontally (H direction) polarized light beam is reflected by the second quarter-wave plate 4 and the horizontal polarized light path spherical reflector 6, returns to the quarter-wave plate 4, becomes a vertically polarized light beam and is combined in the emission polarization beam combiner 2; the vertically (V direction) polarized light beam is reflected by the first quarter-wave plate 3 and the vertically polarized light path cylindrical concave-convex reflecting mirror 5, returns to pass through the first quarter-wave plate 3, becomes a horizontally polarized light beam and is combined in the emission polarization beam combiner 2; the vertical polarized light beam of the horizontal (H direction) polarized light path and the horizontal polarized light beam of the vertical (V direction) polarized light path are combined into a coaxial concentric dual-light beam with orthogonal polarization by the polarization beam combiner 2, and are diffracted to a target object by a primary mirror 7 of the transmitting telescope. The echo signal is received by a special optical receiving system, and a digital image is output through a balance detector, an analog-to-digital converter, a complex processor and a digital image processor.
As can be seen from fig. 1: after passing through the emission polarization beam splitter, the linearly polarized light is divided into two orthogonal polarized light beams with equal light intensity, and the two orthogonal polarized light beams respectively pass through the quarter-wave plate and then enter the spherical reflector of the horizontal polarization light path and the astigmatic cylindrical concave-convex reflector of the vertical polarization light path, namely the back focal plane position of the emission main mirror. Wherein the two mirrors are perpendicular to the cross-track plane (Y-Z plane)Direction of optical axis at velocity vinMaking a parallel reciprocating movement tfThe time parameter of the horizontal polarized light path spherical reflector and the vertical polarized light path astigmatic cylindrical concave-convex reflector is the translation widthThen the translation range isIn the cross-track direction (X-Z) and the forward-track direction (Y-Z), respectively, the curvature radius of the spherical reflector is set to beThe curvature radius of the astigmatic cylindrical concave-convex reflector is respectivelyAndthen the field light fields emitted in the focal plane behind the primary mirror are respectively:
at the same time, let tsThe time is slow time, and beta is a time parameter of the slow time at the central position of the illumination light spot along the track of the platform. In addition, the ideal internal transmission optical field distribution function is a rectangular function considering that the rectangular light spots can generate uniform illumination strips and have better imaging resolution. Namely, the following results are shown: e.g. of the typeH in(xin,yin) Representing the respective emitted optical field in the H-polarization branch as having a radius of curvature ofThe spherical wave of (4); e.g. of the typeV in(xin,yin) Means that the V-polarized branch generates an astigmatic wave surface and generates a curvature radius on the X-Z planeThe second order term of (1) produces a phase with a radius of curvature of opposite sign in the Y-Z planeThe second order phase of (a). The spatial wavefront phase difference of the two beams is a parabolic function, as follows:
wherein,as can be seen from the wavefront phase expression, the device meets the requirements of direct-view SAIL on the wavefront phase difference of the transmitted field in the transmitting end.
The device has the advantages of fewer optical devices, simple and compact structure, reliable principle, easy realization, no need of an optical delay line, realization of the requirement of real-time synchronous change of optical phases and satisfaction of the requirement of a transmitting end of a laser radar in a direct-view synthesis space.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides a two-sided translation emitter of direct-view synthetic aperture laser imaging radar reflection formula which characterized in that it constitutes including laser source (1), polarization beam splitter (2), first quarter wave plate (3), second quarter wave plate (4), vertical polarization light path astigmatism cylinder concave-convex mirror (5), horizontal polarization light path spherical mirror (6) and transmission telescope primary mirror (7), the positional relationship of above-mentioned component is as follows:
the polarization beam splitter (2) is arranged along the output laser direction of the laser source (1), and the linearly polarized light beam output by the laser source (1) is transmitted by the polarization beam splitter (2)Splitting into two equal intensity, orthogonally polarized, transmitted horizontally polarized beams and reflected vertically polarized beams: the direction of the transmitted horizontal polarized light beam, namely the negative direction of the X axis of a rectangular coordinate system, is sequentially provided with a second quarter-wave plate (4) and a horizontal polarized light path spherical reflector (6), the direction of the reflected vertical polarized light beam, namely the negative direction of the Z axis, is sequentially provided with a first quarter-wave plate (3) and a vertical polarized light path astigmatic cylindrical concave-convex reflector (5), the direction of the reflected light of the vertical polarized light path astigmatic cylindrical concave-convex reflector (5), namely the positive direction of the Z axis, is sequentially provided with a first quarter-wave plate (3), a polarization beam splitter (2) and a transmitting telescope main mirror (7), the optical axis of the first quarter-wave plate (3) and the optical axis of the second quarter-wave plate (4) respectively form 45 degrees with the polarization directions of respective incident lights, the distances from the spherical reflector (6) and the astigmatic cylindrical concave-convex reflector (5) to the center of the beam splitting surface of the polarization beam splitter (2) are equal and are a, the distance from the center of the beam splitting surface of the polarization beam splitter (2) to the primary mirror (7) of the transmitting telescope is b, and the optical paths from the spherical reflector (6) and the astigmatic cylindrical concave-convex reflector (5) to the primary mirror (7) of the transmitting telescope are respectively equal to the focal length f of the primary mirror (7) of the transmitting telescope1I.e. a + b ═ f1(ii) a The astigmatic cylindrical concave-convex reflector (5) has opposite curvature radius directions in X and Y directions and has the sizes ofAndthe spherical reflector (6) has a radius of curvature of both Y and ZThe horizontal polarization light path spherical reflector (6) and the vertical polarization light path astigmatic cylindrical concave-convex reflector (5) are respectively arranged on two high-speed vibration platforms with the same model, the initial position of the vibration platform ensures that the centers of the spherical reflector (6) and the astigmatic cylindrical concave-convex reflector (5) are superposed with the optical axis centers of the respective light paths, and the two platforms are mutually oppositeThe spherical reflector (6) and the astigmatic cylindrical concave-convex reflector (5) are driven to reciprocate in the direction perpendicular to the optical axes of the respective light paths at the same speed respectively, and coaxial concentric orthogonal polarized double beams are respectively generated to perform optical scanning with opposite directions and the same speed on a far-field target surface in the cross track direction of the laser radar, namely the X direction.
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| CN106291580B (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2019-08-23 | 上海珏芯光电科技有限公司 | Laser infrared radar imaging system |
| US10048354B2 (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2018-08-14 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Chirp frequency non-linearity mitigation in radar systems |
| US10942260B2 (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2021-03-09 | Aptiv Technologies Limited | MEMS mirror with extended field of view useful for vehicle LIDAR |
| CN114374779B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-06-20 | 中国科学院上海高等研究院 | Full light field imaging camera, imaging method thereof and full light field imaging device |
| CN114323313A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-12 | 北京深测科技有限公司 | Imaging method and system based on ICCD camera |
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| CN102435996A (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2012-05-02 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Orthoptic synthetic aperture laser imaging radar |
| CN103245939A (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2013-08-14 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Direct wave face conversion scanner for direct sight synthetic aperture laser imaging radar emitting light beam |
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| CN102435996A (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2012-05-02 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Orthoptic synthetic aperture laser imaging radar |
| CN103245939A (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2013-08-14 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Direct wave face conversion scanner for direct sight synthetic aperture laser imaging radar emitting light beam |
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