CN101077296A - Transmission type quick-speed optical scan delay-line used for OCT balancing exploration - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention discloses one kind of transmissive rapid scanning optical delay (RSOD) for balanced OCT detection. The transmissive RSOD consists of a dispersor, a Flourier lens, a fast scanning mirror, a reflecting light beam translator and a reflector. The reflecting light beam translator may be a rectangular prism or a pyramid prism. The transmissive RSOD is used in balanced OCT detection system for raised S/N ratio and expanded dynamic range. The transmissive RSOD of the present invention has the advantages of compact structure, convenient regulation, and less influence of reflected light on the light source stability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of transmission-type fast optical delayed sweep line of the OCT of being used for balance detection.
Background technology
Optical coherent chromatographic imaging (Optical Coherence Tomography is called for short OCT) is the chromatography imaging technique that developed recently gets up, and can carry out noncontact, not damaged, high-resolution imaging to the organizational structure and the physiological function of biological living inside.Thereby in biomedical sector acquisition extensive use.Balance detection OCT system can effectively suppress the common-mode noise of system, improves system signal noise ratio and dynamic range, and is significant for the image quality that improves the OCT system.
Rapid scanning delay line (Rapid Scanning Optical Delay Line is called for short RSOD) can realize that group delay separates the target of control with phase retardation, have the function of regulating chromatic dispersion simultaneously.Thereby be used in the chromatic dispersion coupling that the OCT system can realize reference arm and sample arm; Be used for time domain OCT system and can realize longitudinal scanning and phase place modulation simultaneously, be used in the spectral coverage OCT system and can realize not having chromatic dispersion phase shift elimination self correlation noise.Present RSOD system is based on the reflex time design more, make the reference arm of OCT system of reflective RSOD, the luminous reflectance that one side RSOD returns can influence the stability of light to the outgoing light source, on the other hand because the high-frequency noise that the temperature heat effect of scanning galvanometer and motion are whirled and stagnated and introduce, and the system noise of inhomogeneous reasons such as the light intensity variation introducing that causes of scanning process coupling efficiency also can influence the image quality of OCT system, the signal to noise ratio of reduction system, and balance detection OCT system can effectively suppress the common-mode noise of system, remedies the defective of reflective RSOD.
But the rapid scanning delay line based on reflective design is used for the extra optical circulator of balance detection OCT system needs at present, and as shown in Figure 1, this has increased cost on the one hand; The reason of opto-electronics causes some wave band (as near the wave band the 800nm that is fit to retina image-forming) shortcoming of optical-fiber type optical circulator to increase the difficulty of system design especially on the other hand.Transmission-type RSOD is used for balance detection OCT system can solve this difficulty.Balance detection OCT system design based on transmission-type RSOD sees patent " Optical imaging device ", J.A.Izatt et al.Patent No.U.S.6, and 564,089, May 13,2003.This patent is mentioned the design of two kinds of transmission-type RSOD, a kind of deflection that realizes RSOD Returning beam direction with Amici prism, as shown in Figure 2, light beam passes through the dispersion element grating twice, the Scan Design of single-pass causes incident beam and outgoing beam to have vertical misalignment in vertical optical platform direction, it is relevant that its offset distance and incident beam are beaten in the position of lens, and unfavorable outgoing beam receives laying and regulating of collimating mirror; On the other hand, there is skew in the exit direction of each coloured light, and the light intensity coupling efficiency is low.The design class of another kind of scheme and reflective bilateral RSOD seemingly, as shown in Figure 3, the minute surface direction of different is bilateral reflecting mirror is no longer vertical with the incident direction of light, but there is a drift angle, thereby no longer former road turns back to the incident collimating mirror behind four diffraction of light beam process grating, the direction of the direction of outgoing beam and bilateral reflecting mirror and the sweep limits of RSOD have substantial connection, bring difficulty for design and the debugging of RSOD.
Propositions such as Carla C.Rosa and made a kind of single-pass transmission-type RSOD (" Fast scanningtransmissive delay line for optical coherence tomography ", Carla C.Rosa, JohnRpgers, Adrian Gh.Podoleanu.Optics Letters, Vol.30, No.24, Page 3263～3265, Dec.15,2005), the skew of the light beam outgoing position that employing two sides plane mirror elimination vibration mirror scanning causes, as shown in Figure 4.But this project organization complexity, and the sweep limits of galvanometer is restricted.
Summary of the invention
Reflective bilateral RSOD in the prior art is used for the deficiency of OCT system and it is applied to the practical difficulty that balance detection OCT system runs in order to overcome; And existing transmission-type RSOD design exists, and outgoing beam is offset, deficiencies such as sweep limits is limited, Installation and Debugging complexity, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of transmission-type fast optical delayed sweep line of the OCT of being used for balance detection.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: described transmission-type RSOD is that incident illumination behind the collimating mirror collimation is through the beam split of reflection-type balzed grating,, spectral components after the beam split focuses on the scanning galvanometer by fourier transform lens, after the scanning galvanometer reflection, turn back to balzed grating, by fourier transform lens, and projected on the reflected light beams translation device behind the diffraction once more by balzed grating,, light former direction after staggering with the optical table place vertical direction of plane xy through the reflected light beams translation device turns back to balzed grating,, through fourier transform lens, scanning galvanometer, pass through fourier transform lens once more after being scanned vibration mirror reflected, balzed grating,, after merge into emergent light behind four diffraction of balzed grating, again, the reflected light of emergent light through receiving reflecting mirror arrive the reception fibre-coupled mirrors again.
Described reflected light beams translation device is corner cube prism or prism of corner cube.
Described transmission-type RSOD, its balzed grating, and fourier transform lens are parallel to each other, the front focal plane of balzed grating, and lens has an adjustable defocusing amount Δ z, the rapid scanning mirror is positioned at the back focal plane of fourier transform lens, and there is adjustable side-play amount x in the optical axis of the rotating shaft of scanning galvanometer and fourier transform lens.
Described transmission-type RSOD, its collimating mirror, reflected light beams translation device, reception reflecting mirror are staggering mutually with the optical table place vertical direction of plane xy, and promptly the reflected light beams translation device is positioned at the collimating mirror below, receives reflecting mirror and is positioned at the collimating mirror top.
The present invention compares the beneficial effect that has with background technology:
1. the present invention adopts corner cube prism or prism of corner cube to realize the bilateral transmission design of RSOD, guarantee that the former direction of optical grating diffraction luminous energy turns back to grating, it is consistent with the incident illumination direction promptly to turn back to the beam direction of grating from prism, repeatedly the diffraction conditions by diffraction element are still consistent to guarantee light beam, diffraction of light efficient height of all kinds, diffraction conditions are still consistent under the bilateral situation simultaneously provides great convenience for the design of transmission-type RSOD and debugging.
2. transmission-type RSOD disclosed in this invention, the direction of the direction of its outgoing reflecting mirror and reflected light beams translation device does not have direct relation, and only the emergent light direction that obtains with needs is relevant.Its Installation and Debugging are simple and convenient.
3. transmission-type RSOD disclosed in this invention, the physical dimension bilateral transmission-type RSOD relatively in the past that obtains the needed diffraction grating of same offsetting distance, fourier transform lens, galvanometer is little; Bilateral formula beam propagation mechanism, the space structure compactness, the single-pass RSOD that light path, group scan postpone under the relative similarity condition with Phase delay doubles; There are not the skew of outgoing position in bilateral formula beam propagation mechanism, each coloured light, have improved the light beam coupling efficient of system.
4. the present invention replaces optical circulator to save the system design cost with the RSOD of transmission-type.Reference arm adopts the beam propagation mechanism of transmission-type, can effectively prevent the influence to light source stability of light that reference arm returns.
Transmission-type RSOD coupling efficiency height of the present invention, simple and compact for structure, Installation and Debugging convenience, cost savings can prevent effectively that the light of delayed line from turning back to light source, have reduced the influence of reflected light to the light stability type.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of balance detection OCT system structure sketch map based on reflective RSOD that U.S.'s application for a patent for invention " 6,564,089 " proposes in embodiment 4.
Fig. 2 is a kind of balance detection OCT system structure sketch map based on transmission-type RSOD that U.S.'s application for a patent for invention " 6,564,089 " proposes in embodiment 4, and this transmission-type RSOD adopts the broadband beam splitter to realize the deflection of beam direction.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of another transmission-type RSOD of U.S.'s application for a patent for invention " 6,564,089 " proposition.
Fig. 4 is based on the balance detection OCT system structure sketch map of single-pass transmission-type RSOD in the prior art.
Fig. 5 is the perspective view of bilateral transmission-type RSOD among the present invention, coordinate system xyz, and xy determines plane, optical table place.
Fig. 6 is the track of light beam on fourier transform lens 17 during transmission-type RSOD vibration mirror scanning among Fig. 3.
Fig. 7 is bilateral transmission-type RSOD light beam track on fourier transform lens 40 when vibration mirror scanning of Fig. 5.
Fig. 8 be among the present invention based on the balance detection OCT system structure sketch map of bilateral transmission-type RSOD, block diagram 48 is represented the vertical view of transmission-type RSOD.
Among the figure: 31, the broadband low-coherence light source, 32, α: (1-α) fiber coupler, 33, collimating lens, 34, scanning galvanometer, 35, object lens, 36, sample, 37, Polarization Controller, 38, collimating mirror, 39, reflective balzed grating,, 40, fourier transform lens, 41, scanning galvanometer, 42, the reflected light beams translation device, 43, receive reflecting mirror, 44, receive fibre-coupled mirrors, 45, variable optical attenuator, 46,50/50 broadband optical fiber coupler, 47, the balance detection device, 48, transmission-type RSOD, 49, scanheads, 50, single-mode fiber, 51, single-mode fiber, 52, incident illumination, 53, light beam, 54, emergent light, 55, reflected light, 56, hot spot, 57, hot spot, 58, hot spot, 59, hot spot, 60, hot spot, 61, hot spot, 62, hot spot, 63, hot spot.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Transmission-type RSOD 48 of the present invention is made up of collimating mirror 38, balzed grating, 39, fourier transform lens 40, rapid scanning mirror 41, reflected light beams translation device 42, reception reflecting mirror 43 and fibre-coupled mirrors 44.Incident illumination 52 behind collimating mirror 38 collimations is through 39 beam split of reflection-type balzed grating,, spectral components after the beam split focuses on the scanning galvanometer 41 by fourier transform lens 40, after scanning galvanometer 41 reflections, turn back to balzed grating, 39 by fourier transform lens 40, and projected on the reflected light beams translation device 42 behind the diffraction once more by balzed grating, 39, light former direction after staggering with the optical table place vertical direction of plane xy through reflected light beams translation device 42 turns back to balzed grating, 39, through fourier transform lens 40, scanning galvanometer 41, pass through fourier transform lens 40 once more after being scanned galvanometer 41 reflections, balzed grating, 39, after merge into emergent light 54 behind 39 4 diffraction of balzed grating, again, the reflected light 55 of emergent light 54 through receiving reflecting mirror 43 arrive reception fibre-coupled mirrors 44 again.
Described transmission-type RSOD, its balzed grating, and fourier transform lens are parallel to each other, the front focal plane of balzed grating, and lens has an adjustable defocusing amount Δ z, the rapid scanning mirror is positioned at the back focal plane of fourier transform lens, and there is adjustable side-play amount x in the optical axis of the rotating shaft of scanning galvanometer and fourier transform lens.
Described reflected light beams translation device 42 is corner cube prism or prism of corner cube.Guarantee that there is the skew of outgoing position in the former direction of light beam when returning.Impinge perpendicularly on the inclined-plane of reflected light beams translation device 42 from the light beam 53 of grating 39 outgoing.
As shown in Figure 5, from the incident illumination 52 of light behind collimating mirror 38 collimations of an end of fiber coupler 32 output through 39 beam split of reflection-type balzed grating,, spectral components after the beam split focuses on the scanning galvanometer 41 by fourier transform lens 40, after the scanning galvanometer reflection, turn back to balzed grating, 39, and be transmitted on the reflected light beams translation device 42 behind the diffraction once more by balzed grating, 39 by fourier transform lens 40.Staggering along diffraction grating 39 groove directions through the light of reflected light beams translation device 42, former direction turns back to balzed grating, 39 behind the segment distance, through fourier transform lens 40, scanning galvanometer 41, pass through fourier transform lens 40, balzed grating, 39 once more after being scanned galvanometer 41 reflections, after merge into emergent light 54 behind 39 4 diffraction of balzed grating, again, emergent light 54 reflexes to and receives fibre-coupled mirrors 44 through receiving reflecting mirror 53.The outgoing position deviation incident illumination 52 of emergent light 54 incides the position of grating 9, and direction is identical with incident illumination 52 directions.Collimating mirror 38, the reflective prism 42 of bilateral, reception reflecting mirror 43 can stagger mutually in the direction perpendicular to optical table, and promptly the reflective prism 42 of bilateral is positioned at collimating mirror 38 belows, receive reflecting mirror 43 and are positioned at collimating mirror 38 tops.Light beam 55 is the final emergent light direction through transmission-type RSOD48, and its direction can be adjusted the direction change of reflecting mirror 43 according to the convenience that light path is regulated arbitrarily.Light beam 55 is coupled to single-mode fiber 21 through optical fiber coupled lens 14 again.
Fig. 5 medium wavelength is that the coloured light of λ is through transmission-type RSOD phase change amount:
Wherein, θ
i, θ
λ, L, f, γ represent that respectively angle of incidence, wavelength are the angle of diffraction of λ coloured light, distance, the focal length of fourier transform lens 40 and the inclination angle of scanning galvanometer 41 that diffraction grating 39 arrives fourier transform lens 40; K is a wave vector, and d is a grating pitch, and m is that the optical grating diffraction level is inferior, generally gets 1; X is the bias of the relative optical axis of scanning galvanometer 11 rotating shafts, Δ z=L-f.
The phase retardation that bilateral transmission-type RSOD introduces is:
l
p＝4xγ(t)＝4xγ(t) (2)
Group delay is that the light path change amount that RSOD introduces is:
As shown in Figure 6, the light beam when vibration mirror scanning of the transmission-type RSOD shown in Fig. 3 has 4 hot spots on fourier transform lens 17, and hot spot 56 is the projection on fourier transform lens 17 behind diffraction grating diffraction 16 first time; Hot spot 58 is the projection of light on fourier transform lens 17 after scanning galvanometer 19 reflections of motion; Hot spot 58 is a light beam through diffraction grating 16 diffraction, 142 reflections of bilateral reflecting mirror and diffraction grating 16 projection on fourier transform lens 17 behind the diffraction for the third time for the second time; Hot spot 59 passes through the projection of inciding after scanning galvanometer 19 reflects for the second time on the fourier transform lens 17 for light beam.Hot spot 58 and hot spot 59 position and the direction of bilateral reflecting mirror 142 on fourier transform lens 17 is closely related, and the light of centre wavelength through 142 reflections of bilateral reflecting mirror and diffraction grating 16 after for the third time diffraction no longer along the optical axis direction outgoing, diffraction of light direction of all kinds changes when diffraction for the third time, diffraction efficiency reduces, and this brings the deuce to pay for the debugging of transmission-type RSOD.
As shown in Figure 7, the light beam when vibration mirror scanning of the transmission-type RSOD shown in Fig. 6 has 4 hot spots on fourier transform lens 40, and hot spot 60 is the projection on fourier transform lens behind diffraction grating diffraction 39 first time; Hot spot 61 is the projection of light on fourier transform lens 40 after scanning galvanometer 41 reflections; Hot spot 62 is a light beam through diffraction grating 39 diffraction, 42 reflections of bilateral reflecting prism and diffraction grating 39 projection on fourier transform lens 40 behind the diffraction for the third time for the second time; Hot spot 63 passes through the projection of inciding after scanning galvanometer reflects for the second time on the fourier transform lens for light beam.Will obtain the vertical misalignment distance the same with Fig. 7 as can be seen, lens 40 sizes that transmission-type RSOD shown in Figure 6 needs are much smaller than the size of Fig. 3 lens 17, and this has great advantage in the actual machine optical design.Simultaneously because identical through the direction of the emergent light 53 behind the reflective prism of bilateral and incident illumination 52, the direction that receives reflecting mirror 43 is only relevant with the direction of needs acquisition emergent light 55, and this design and adjusting to transmission-type RSOD brings very big facility.
In conjunction with shown in Figure 8, be used for time domain OCT balance detection system with transmission-type RSOD and make specific embodiment the invention will be further described.
Balance detection OCT system based on transmission-type RSOD comprises broadband low-coherence light source 31, α: (1-α) fiber coupler 32, Polarization Controller 37, variable optical attenuator 35,50/50 broadband optical fiber coupler 46, balance detection device 47, transmission-type RSOD 48 and transversal scanning probe 49.The light that wideband light source 31 sends is through α: 32 beam split of (1-α) fiber coupler, and one road emergent light enters the transmission-type RSOD48 of reference arm through Polarization Controller 47, and another road exit end enters the transversal scanning probe 49 of sample arm; Transversal scanning probe 49 light that return are through α: (1-α) fiber coupler 32, single-mode fiber 50 enters 50/50 broadband optical fiber coupler 46, transmission-type RSOD48 emergent light is through single-mode fiber 51, variable optical attenuator 45 enters 50/50 broadband optical fiber coupler 46 simultaneously, two outfans of 50/50 broadband optical fiber coupler 46 link to each other with balance detection device 47, the light of the light of transmission-type RSOD outgoing and optical fiber 20 outgoing is sent into the detection of difference balance detection device through the broadband optical fiber coupler interference of 50/50 beam split and with interference signal, the approximate twice that improves of useful interference signal, and system's common-mode noise, excessive light intensity noise as light source, RSOD is because noise that temperature effects and magnetic hysteresis are introduced or the like is inhibited, thereby the signal to noise ratio of OCT system improves greatly.The interference signal that balance detection device 47 is surveyed reconstructs the OCT tomographic map that needs through data acquisition processing system.
Transversal scanning probe 49 is through α: after 32 beam split of (1-α) fiber coupler, be focused into the sweep mechanism that is mapped to sample 36 behind collimating lens 33, scanning galvanometer 34 and object lens 35.
As shown in Figure 8, the light that sends of broadband low-coherence light source 31 is through α: enter the reference arm that sample arm that transversal scanning probe 49 forms and Polarization Controller 37, transmission-type RSOD48 form after 32 beam split of (1-α) fiber coupler.The light that sample arm is returned enters an input of 50/50 broadband optical fiber coupler 46 through fiber coupler 32, reference arm enters another input of 50/50 broadband optical fiber coupler 46 through transmission-type RSOD48, single-mode fiber 51, variable optical attenuator 45, when the optical path difference of reference arm and sample arm is in the coherence length of laser, two-beam interferes at fiber coupler 46 places, interference signal is surveyed and is sent into data acquisition processing system by balance detection device 47 and handles, and reconstructs vertical tomographic map of sample 36.
If the flashlight electric field that sample arm is returned is E
s, its electric field of the reference light of reference arm transmission is E
r, the interference signal electric field that then obtains behind bonder 46 is respectively:
Then the photo-signal that receives of balance detection device 47 is:
The interference signal of balance detection device output is:
From formula (4) as can be seen, the common-mode noise of reference arm, sample arm is effectively suppressed, and double and useful interference signal is approximate, thereby the signal to noise ratio of system improves greatly.
Polarization Controller 37 is regulated reference arm polarization of incident light attitude, makes the polarization state coupling of sample arm and reference arm obtain best interference signal; Optical attenuator 51 is regulated reference light intensity, makes the detection efficient of balance detection device reach maximum.
Transmission-type RSOD regulating system reference arm, sample arm chromatic dispersion coupling is regulated the 2nd order chromatic dispersion that Δ z can RSOD introduces.
Transmission-type RSOD realizes system's longitudinal scanning, and the longitudinal scanning scope is the group delay l that RSOD introduces
g
Bilateral transmission-type RSOD48 makes the system phase manipulator simultaneously, and then interference signal mid frequency and bandwidth are:
V wherein
gGroup velocity for bilateral transmission-type RSOD scanning.
Claims (4)
1, the transmission-type fast optical delay line that is used for the OCT balance detection, it is characterized in that: described transmission-type fast optical delay line, be transmission-type RSOD, form by collimating mirror (38), balzed grating, (39), fourier transform lens (40), rapid scanning mirror (41), reflected light beams translation device (42), reception reflecting mirror (43) and fibre-coupled mirrors (44).Incident illumination (52) behind collimating mirror (38) collimation is through reflection-type balzed grating, (39) beam split, spectral components after the beam split focuses on the scanning galvanometer (41) by fourier transform lens (40), after scanning galvanometer (41) reflection, turn back to balzed grating, (39) by fourier transform lens (40), and projected on the reflected light beams translation device (42) behind the diffraction once more by balzed grating, (39), light former direction after staggering with the optical table place vertical direction of plane xy through reflected light beams translation device (42) turns back to balzed grating, (39), through fourier transform lens (40), scanning galvanometer (41), pass through fourier transform lens (40) once more after being scanned galvanometer (41) reflection, balzed grating, (39), after merge into emergent light (54) behind (39) four diffraction of balzed grating, again, the reflected light (55) of emergent light (54) through receiving reflecting mirror (43) arrive reception fibre-coupled mirrors (44) again.
2, the transmission-type fast optical delay line that is used for the OCT balance detection according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described reflected light beams translation device (42) is corner cube prism or prism of corner cube.
3, according to the claim 1 described transmission-type fast optical delay line that is used for the OCT balance detection, it is characterized in that: described balzed grating, (39) and fourier transform lens (40) are parallel to each other, balzed grating, (39) has an adjustable defocusing amount Δ z with the front focal plane of lens (40), rapid scanning mirror (41) is positioned at the back focal plane of fourier transform lens (40), and there is adjustable side-play amount x in the optical axis of the rotating shaft of scanning galvanometer (41) and fourier transform lens (40).
4, the transmission-type fast optical delay line that is used for the OCT balance detection according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described collimating mirror (38), reflected light beams translation device (42), reception reflecting mirror (43) can stagger mutually with the optical table place vertical direction of plane xy, be that reflected light beams translation device (42) is positioned at collimating mirror (38) below, receive reflecting mirror (43) and be positioned at collimating mirror (38) top.
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