CN103435485A - 一种秸秆液化制备石油替代能源的方法 - Google Patents

一种秸秆液化制备石油替代能源的方法 Download PDF

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CN103435485A
CN103435485A CN2013103879497A CN201310387949A CN103435485A CN 103435485 A CN103435485 A CN 103435485A CN 2013103879497 A CN2013103879497 A CN 2013103879497A CN 201310387949 A CN201310387949 A CN 201310387949A CN 103435485 A CN103435485 A CN 103435485A
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张玉森
樊茂祥
陈鑫成
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Guangrao County Zerun Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

一种秸秆液化制备石油替代能源的方法,包括步骤:(1)将秸秆粉碎至粒径小于10um备用;(2)将小分子一元醇、粉碎后秸秆、质量分数0.5-2%的硫酸或磷酸按照质量比1:10:5加入到反应釜中,在温度120-220℃、压力在0.2-1.6Mpa下反应1-5小时;所述的小分子一元醇为甲醇、乙醇或丙醇。(3)将反应后的料液静置、分液,上层分离得到的油相即为所述的石油替代能源。本发明采用酸性条件下处理秸秆从而起到了疏松纤维素的目的,同时高温高压下小分子醇作醇解剂从而使得到的乙酰基丙酸酯的酯链缩短,得到的酯更有利于燃烧,降低了胶化的可能,使产率得到提高。

Description

一种秸秆液化制备石油替代能源的方法
技术领域
本发明属于生物质综合利用的领域,特别涉及一种秸秆醇解液化制备石油替代能源的方法。
技术背景
利用废弃生物质,尤其是植物秸秆制备石油替代能源现在已经引起人们的广泛关注,并且已经有部分机构开始研究工业化生产。秸秆的主要化学成分是纤维素,半纤维素和木质素,三者占到秸秆质量的90%以上。虽然秸秆的成分比较复杂但主要成分是碳氢化合物,可以通过液化的方法将其转变为可被利用的化工原料,用来合成各种高分子的材料。现在已经有采用多元醇和作为液化剂处理生物质的案例,但是由于植物秸秆细胞壁结构非常紧密,液化试剂很难渗透到原料内部,且得到的酯类燃烧效果不好,容易胶化。
发明内容
针对上述缺陷,本发明提出了一种秸秆醇解液化制备石油替代能源的方法,其采用小分子一元醇作为液化剂在酸性高温条件下使纤维素和半纤维素醇解为短链的乙酰基丙酸酯,具体方案为包括以下步骤:
(1)、将秸秆粉碎至粒径小于10um备用;
(2)、将小分子一元醇、粉碎后秸秆、质量分数0.5-2%的硫酸或磷酸按照质量比1:10:5加入到反应釜中,在120-220℃、0.2-1.6Mpa反应1-5小时;所述的小分子一元醇为甲醇、乙醇或丙醇;
(3)、将反应后的料液静置、分液,上层分离得到的油相即为所述的石油替代能源。
所述步骤(3)分离后还包括中层的水相和下层的固相,所述中层的水相再次进入反应釜循环套用。下层经过滤得到滤渣的为木质素。中层的水相的套用可以适当减少下批反应硫酸的投入量。
以下为水相回收套用的秸秆液化制备石油替代能源的优选方案,包括以下步骤:
(1)、将秸秆粉碎至粒径小于10um备用;
(2)、将甲醇、粉碎后秸秆、质量分数2%的硫酸按照质量比1:10:5加入到反应釜中,在120℃、0.21Mpa下反应1小时;
(3)、将反应后的料液静置、分液,分离后得到上层的油相、中层的水相和下层的固相;
(4)、取与步骤(1)相同重量的秸秆粉碎至粒径小于10um备用;
(5)、将乙醇、粉碎后秸秆、质量分数2%的硫酸按照质量比1:10:2加入到反应釜中,同时加入步骤(3)分离的水相,在150℃、0.49Mpa下反应1小时;
(6)、将反应后的料液静置、分液,上层分离得到的油相即为所述的石油替代能源。
本发明采用酸性条件下处理秸秆从而起到了疏松纤维素的目的,同时高温高压下小分子醇作醇解剂从而使得到的乙酰基丙酸酯的酯链缩短,得到的酯更有利于燃烧,降低了胶化的可能。
具体实施方式    
以下结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的描述。
实施例1
将秸秆粉碎至粒径小于10um,在120℃下将甲醇、秸秆、2%的硫酸按照质量比1:10:5加入到反应釜中,在0.21Mpa下密闭反应1小时后,静置,分液;上层为油相,中层为水相,下层为固相。上层为得到的产品,中层再次进入反应釜进行下批反应,下层过滤得到滤渣为木质素;通过气质联用仪、元素分析仪和氧弹热值仪对产品进行测试,得到上层产品主要是短链脂类,下层主要是含有苯环的烃类酚类和脂类。上层含碳量70%,热值到达8.5×104大卡。下层各组分含量(重量百分数):含碳量80%、含氧量15%、氢含量4%、其他1%。
实施例2
将秸秆粉碎至粒径小于10um,在150℃下将乙醇、秸秆、2%的硫酸按照质量比1:10:2加入到反应釜中,将实施例1中的水相加入到反应釜,在0.49Mpa下密闭反应1小时后,静置,分液;上层为油相,中层为水相,下层为固相。上层为得到的产品,中层再次进入反应釜进行下批反应,下层过滤得到滤渣为木质素;上层含碳量78%,热值到达9.2×104大卡。下层各组分含量(重量百分数):含碳量76%、含氧量17%、氢含量5%、其他2%。
实施例3
将秸秆粉碎至粒径小于10um,在160℃下降甲醇、秸秆、2%的磷酸按照质量比1:10:5加入到反应釜中,在0.62Mpa密闭反应1小时后,静置,分液;上层为油相,中层为水相,下层为固相。上层为得到的产品,中层再次进入反应釜进行下批反应,下层过滤得到滤渣为木质素;上层含碳量77%,热值到达8.1×104大卡。下层各组分含量(重量百分数):含碳量86%、含氧量10%、氢含量3.5%、其他0.5%。
实施例4
将秸秆粉碎至粒径小于10um,在120℃下将甲醇、秸秆、1%的硫酸按照质量比1:10:5加入到反应釜中,在0.26Mpa下密闭反应1小时后,静置,分液;上层为油相,中层为水相,下层为固相。上层为得到的产品,中层再次进入反应釜进行下批反应,下层过滤得到滤渣为木质素;上层含碳量70%,热值到达8.5×104大卡。下层各组分含量(重量百分数):含碳量80%、含氧量15%、氢含量4%、其他1%。
实施例5
将秸秆粉碎至粒径小于10um,在220℃下将甲醇、秸秆、1.5%的磷酸按照质量比1:10:5加入到反应釜中,在1.60Mpa下密闭反应1小时后,静置,分液;上层为油相,中层为水相,下层为固相。上层为得到的产品,中层再次进入反应釜进行下批反应,下层过滤得到滤渣为木质素;上层含碳量77%,热值到达8.56×104大卡。下层各组分含量(重量百分数):含碳量86%、含氧量9%、氢含量4.5%、其他0.5%。
实施例6
将秸秆粉碎至粒径小于10um,在130℃下降甲醇、秸秆、0.5%的硫酸按照质量比1:10:5加入到反应釜中,在0.30Mpa下密闭反应5小时后,静置,分液;上层为油相,中层为水相,下层为固相。上层为得到的产品,中层再次进入反应釜进行下批反应,下层过滤得到滤渣为木质素;上层含碳量79%,热值到达8.8×104大卡。下层各组分含量(重量百分数):含碳量84%、含氧量11%、氢含量4%、其他1%。
以上仅仅是本发明的几个典型实施例,并不用于限定本发明,从实验结果看,实施例2的效果最佳,热值最高;在本发明的保护范围内,本领域技术人员完全可以根据实际需要对各控制参数进行适当的调整,但与上述各实施例的原理相同,均落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种秸秆液化制备石油替代能源的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)、将秸秆粉碎至粒径小于10um备用;
(2)、将小分子一元醇、粉碎后秸秆、质量分数0.5-2%的硫酸或磷酸按照质量比1:10:5加入到反应釜中,在温度120-220℃、压力在0.2-1.6Mpa下密闭反应1-5小时;所述的小分子一元醇为甲醇、乙醇或丙醇;
(3)、将反应后的料液静置、分液,上层分离得到的油相即为所述的石油替代能源。
2.根据权利要求1所述的秸秆液化制备石油替代能源的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)分离后还包括中层的水相和下层的固相,所述中层的水相再次进入反应釜循环套用。
3.一种秸秆液化制备石油替代能源的方法,其特征在于,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)、将秸秆粉碎至粒径小于10um备用;
(2)、将甲醇、粉碎后秸秆、质量分数2%的硫酸按照质量比1:10:5加入到反应釜中,在120℃、0.21Mpa下反应1小时;
(3)、将反应后的料液静置、分液,分离后得到上层的油相、中层的水相和下层的固相;
(4)、取与步骤(1)相同重量的秸秆粉碎至粒径小于10um备用;
(5)、将乙醇、粉碎后秸秆、质量分数2%的硫酸按照质量比1:10:2加入到反应釜中,同时加入步骤(3)分离的水相,在150℃、0.49Mpa下反应1小时;
(6)、将反应后的料液静置、分液,上层分离得到的油相即为所述的石油替代能源。
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CN104402722A (zh) * 2014-09-24 2015-03-11 中国科学院广州能源研究所 一种木质纤维素类生物质醇解制备乙酰丙酸酯及呋喃衍生物的方法
CN105542882A (zh) * 2016-01-06 2016-05-04 山东泰德新能源有限公司 一种低成本的高清洁汽油

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CN102030646A (zh) * 2010-11-18 2011-04-27 郑州大学 一种纤维素类物质水解直接转化生成乙酰丙酸乙酯的工艺
CN102391102A (zh) * 2011-10-10 2012-03-28 南昌航空大学 秸秆醇酸水解制备乙酰丙酸的方法
CN102659594A (zh) * 2012-05-03 2012-09-12 郑州大学 一种利用秸秆类生物质制备乙酰丙酸乙酯的方法

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CN102030646A (zh) * 2010-11-18 2011-04-27 郑州大学 一种纤维素类物质水解直接转化生成乙酰丙酸乙酯的工艺
CN102391102A (zh) * 2011-10-10 2012-03-28 南昌航空大学 秸秆醇酸水解制备乙酰丙酸的方法
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104402722A (zh) * 2014-09-24 2015-03-11 中国科学院广州能源研究所 一种木质纤维素类生物质醇解制备乙酰丙酸酯及呋喃衍生物的方法
CN104402722B (zh) * 2014-09-24 2016-06-08 中国科学院广州能源研究所 一种木质纤维素类生物质醇解制备乙酰丙酸酯及呋喃衍生物的方法
CN105542882A (zh) * 2016-01-06 2016-05-04 山东泰德新能源有限公司 一种低成本的高清洁汽油
CN105542882B (zh) * 2016-01-06 2017-07-14 山东泰德新能源有限公司 一种低成本的高清洁汽油

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