CN103429316B - 干燥来自富氧燃烧工序的湿的富co2气体流的方法 - Google Patents
干燥来自富氧燃烧工序的湿的富co2气体流的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种干燥来自富氧燃烧工序的湿的富CO2气体流的方法,包括:将该湿的富CO2气体流(1)压缩到干燥工序的操作压力,在至少一个冷却器(3.1,3.2)中冷却该湿的富CO2气体流(1),交替地在包含至少一个干燥剂床(7.1,7.2)的至少一个干燥器(6.1,6.2)中干燥该湿的富CO2气体流(1)和通过引导加热的再生气体(9)以与该湿的富CO2气体流(1)流动方向相反的方向流过该干燥器(6.1,6.2)来再生该干燥剂床(7.1,7.2),在净化工序中,将该干燥的富CO2气体流(1)分离成净化的CO2气体流和富氮和氧的废气流,其中该富氮和氧的废气流被用作再生气体(9),在所述再生之后用从压缩机(2)导出的压缩的富CO2气体流吹扫该干燥器(6.1,6.2)至少一次,其中在每个干燥工序之前,将从压缩机(2)导出的压缩的富CO2气体流充入该干燥器(6.1,6.2)直至干燥工序操作压力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种干燥来自富氧燃烧(oxy-combustion)工序的湿的富CO2气体流的方法,特别涉及一种带有吸附工序的干燥方法,该吸附工序使用干燥剂(吸附剂)并再生该吸附剂。
背景技术
来自富氧燃烧工序的湿的富CO2气体流在第一次压缩步骤期间或之后必须进行处理以除去H2O。由于需要避免在下游的分离或注入工序中形成固体水合物或腐蚀性的游离水相,必须限制该湿的富CO2气体流的水分。对于这样一种干燥步骤或工序,通常使用至少一个包含至少一种干燥剂的容器,该干燥剂用来吸附以一个方向通过干燥剂的该湿的富CO2气体流中的水分。为了干燥剂再生,在相反方向上提供穿过干燥剂床的气流。典型的装置可预见两个干燥器,一个用来操作,同时另一个备用,相应地处于再生模式。
专利WO2009/071816A2公开了一种在高压下干燥富CO2气体的方法,其中在吸附干燥装置中净化该富CO2气体,该装置包括循环操作的至少两个吸附剂瓶,其中向一个瓶提供富CO2气体来进行干燥,同时另一个瓶用干燥装置产生的干燥气体流加压和再生,该干燥装置在至少一个瓶的第一次加压时产生至少一种干燥的富CO2气体,在这期间,压缩的气体进入该瓶,而不是干燥装置产生的产物进入该瓶。
可以看出该已知方法的不足之处在于,生产的干燥的富CO2气体被用作再生气体并且再生之后该气体被排放到大气中。这引起了CO2的损失这一缺陷。另一方面,CO2的循环导致了增加压缩所需的能量的缺陷。
发明内容
通过一种干燥来自富氧燃烧工序的湿的富CO2气体流的方法克服和减缓了上述的缺点和不足。该方法包括:将该湿的富CO2气体流压缩到干燥工序的操作压力,在至少一个冷却器中冷却该湿的富CO2气体流,交替地在包含至少一个干燥剂床的至少一个干燥器中干燥该湿的富CO2气体流和通过引导加 热的再生气体以与该湿的富CO2气体流流动方向相反的方向流过该干燥器来再生该干燥剂床,在净化工序中,将该干燥的富CO2气体流分离成净化的CO2气体流和富氮和氧的废气流,其中该富氮和氧的废气流用作再生气体,在所述再生之后用从压缩机导出的压缩的富CO2气体流吹扫该干燥器至少一次,和其中在每个干燥工序之前,将从压缩机导出的压缩的富CO2气体流充入该干燥器直至干燥工序操作压力。本发明的其它优选实施方案可以从后附权利要求中看到。
本方法提供了一种干燥来自富氧燃烧工序的湿的富CO2气体流的方法,其具有低CO2损耗和高能量效率。更具体地说,该干燥来自富氧燃烧工序的湿的富CO2气体流的方法具有以下优点:
-由于干燥器中的干燥剂用低CO2含量的气体流来再生,CO2损耗少;
-减少了干燥和再生工序中的能量损耗。
附图说明
通过下面仅作为非限制例给出的本发明实施方案的描述及参照附图,本发明的其它特征和优点显而易见,其中,
图1是根据第一实施方案的干燥来自富氧燃烧工序的湿的富CO2气体流的方法的示意图。
图2是根据第二实施方案的干燥来自富氧燃烧工序的湿的富CO2气体流的方法的示意图。
具体实施方式
来自富氧燃烧工序的湿的富CO2气体流在第一压缩步骤期间或之后必须进行处理以除去H2O。在CO2净化过程中,由于需要避免在下游的分离或注入工序中形成固体水合物或腐蚀性的游离水相,必须限制湿的富CO2气体流的水分。
如图1所示,湿的富CO2气体流1(此气流也可以称作来自富氧燃烧工序的热态的烟道气流)经由管线11导入压缩机2,该气体在其中被压缩至优选10~60巴的干燥工序操作压力。压缩机2通常有多个压缩级,所以还可以在中间的压缩级安装干燥单元6.1,6.2。最优选干燥工序的操作压力在25~55巴的范围内。由此,可以通过压缩级出口2与干燥器6.1,6.2之间的冷凝步骤来减轻干燥工序的水负荷。在图1所示的本发明的实施方案中,压缩机2下游的热气体流1被引导(经由管线11)并在至少一个冷却器中被冷却,优选在两个冷却器3.1和3.2中。进一步和优选地,在冷却器3.1下游设置烟道气处理设备4,用于去除Hg、SOX和灰尘等,同样优选在冷却器3.2下游设置气液分离器5来从该气流中分离凝结的水分,并设置经由管线13通向废水处理(未显示)的液体出口。烟道气处理设备4的提供延长了位于干燥器6.1,6.2中的干燥剂7.1,7.2的寿命,而气液分离器5的提供将有助于缩小干燥器6.1,6.2的尺寸。
冷却器3.1,3.2下游优选设置两个干燥器6.1,6.2,用于干燥湿的富CO2气体流1。每个干燥器至少包含一个干燥剂固定床7.1,7.2,用于吸附湿的富CO2气体流1中的水分。根据本发明,每个干燥器6.1,6.2以干燥模式和再生模式交替工作。在干燥模式中湿的富CO2气体流1被干燥剂7.1,7.2干燥,在再生模式中干燥剂7.1,7.2被再生气流9再生。根据图1所示,干燥器6.2正处于干燥模式,干燥器6.1正处于再生模式或随时备用模式。所以,如果使用两个或更多个干燥器6.1,6.2,则这些干燥器优选平行排列按如前所述使用。阀20.1、20.2和17.1、17.2将相应地打开和/或关闭。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了具有两个串联操作的干燥器6.1,6.2的设置(图中未显示),但能够改变富CO2气体流1通过该干燥器6.1,6.2的顺序,以防止水进入下游体系。在这样的设置中,富CO2气体流1首先通过的干燥器6.1,6.2也将首先达到它的吸附容量。通过绕开该干燥器6.1,6.2将其移出操作,然后再生并以改变了的顺序放回到操作中,这意味着该再生的干燥器6.1,6.2作为第二个干燥嚣被富CO2气体流1通过。
在干燥器6.1,6.2下游,干燥的富CO2气体流(干燥的烟道气流)8进行提纯工序(未显示),在此干燥的富CO2气体流8被分离成几乎纯的CO2气体流和含有大量氮和氧的废气流。
根据本发明,该包含氮和氧的废气被用作再生气体9,并经由管线12以与湿的富CO2气体流1流动方向相反的方向并在干燥器6.1,6.2处于再生模式时被引导通入干燥器6.1,6.2,以便解吸干燥剂7.1,7.2的水分。在再生气体流9进入干燥器6.1,6.2之前,优选用加热器10将其加热到大于160℃且小于300℃的温度。在干燥模式中,再生气体流9采用低于湿的富CO2气体流1的压力。再生工序具有周期性复发,但循环时间取决于干燥剂7.1,7.2(吸附剂)和湿的富CO2气体流1的含水量。
根据本发明,在干燥剂7.1,7.2再生之后,干燥器6.1,6.2用富CO2气 体流吹扫或清洁至少一次,且该吹扫气体流取自压缩机2的出口。干燥器6.1,6.2的吹扫是通过用富CO2气体流部分加压,接着将干燥器6.1,6.2减压到大气压或者分别回到上游工序或干燥工序来完成的。吹扫步骤必不可少,以减少被再生气体流9夹带进干燥器6.1,6.2中的惰性气体(如氮)的含量。根据图1所示,富CO2气体流优选经由管线14直接取自压缩机2的出口(冷却器3.1,3.2的上游)。根据另一个优选实施方案,如图2所示,用于吹扫干燥器6.1,6.2的富CO2气体流经由管线15取自冷却器3.1,3.2的下游,并在该富CO2气体流引入来吹扫干燥器6.1,6.2之前在加热器10中加热至至少80℃。通过加热该富CO2气体流至前述温度,避免了由于该气体膨胀进入具有再生气体压力的干燥容器而导致的固体CO2的形成。
为了让干燥器6.1,6.2重新返回到操作状态,根据本发明,在再生工序和/或吹扫工序之后,将用富CO2气体流把干燥器6.1,6.2内的压力升到干燥工序操作压力。根据图1所示,用来升高干燥器6.1,6.2内的压力的富CO2气体流优选经由管线14直接取自压缩机2的出口(冷却器3.1,3.2的上游)。根据另一个优选的实施方案,如图2所示,用来升高干燥器6.1,6.2内的压力的富CO2气体流经由管线15取自冷却器3.1,3.2的下游,并且在该富CO2气体流通入干燥器6.1,6.2之前在加热器10中加热。因此,热的富CO2气体流(被压缩机2或加热器10加热)被用于填充干燥器6.1,6.2。
根据本发明,通过在干燥工序之前填充干燥器6.1,6.2,将可防止在再生工序和干燥工序之间切换时压力波动,因为压力波动会导致破坏如,干燥器床(干燥剂床)的压实/压碎,或在向上加压流的情况下导致床提升,也可能导致压缩机2停机或工序的波动。因此,在入口处提供了至少一个阀16.1,16.2,和在出口管道处(或直接连接在干燥器6.1,6.2上)提供了至少一个阀17.1,17.2,以降低和/或增大干燥器6.1,6.2愉的压力。分别降低或缓解干燥器6.1,6.2中的压力的常用方法是所包含的气体经由阀18.1,18.2通入大气。填充的再生气体也这样做。正常供料和产品线被阻塞的时候将采取这种操作。
根据本发明,通过使用热的富CO2气体流填充干燥器6.1,6.2,而不是使用从干燥器6.1,6.2得到的干燥的但是冷的富CO2气体流,防止了干燥器6.1,6.2使用的材料和干燥剂7.1,7.2中的热应力。根据本发明,通过使用热气体流,可以防止在绝热膨胀到干燥器6.1,6.2内之后伴随着干冰形成(最坏的情况)的低温, 因为膨胀的热气体流温度也较低但是不会太低。热的富CO2气体流的温度取决于压缩机2的压缩关系,优选在80~140℃之间。否则,若富CO2气体流在加热器10中加热,那么在富CO2气体流通入填充干燥器6.1,6.2之前,它优选被加热到至少80℃。
对于系统建立之后干燥器6.1,6.2的第一次加压或填充,没有特殊设备必须考虑。这优选通过确保吸附操作所必须的所有干燥器6.1,6.2的所有干燥剂床7.1,7.2都在压缩机启动时向压缩机2开放,这意味着合适的阀门是打开的。
根据干燥器6.1,6.2的操作模式(干燥,再生,吹扫,填充或随时备用),开启或关闭阀门16.1,16.2,17.1,17.2,18.1,18.2,19.1,19.2,20.1,20.2,21和22。例如,干燥工序期间,干燥器6.2的阀门20.2和17.2(或干燥器6.1的阀门20.1和17.1)是开启的,干燥器6.2的其它所有阀门都是关闭的。再生工序期间,阀门21(只存在于图2的例子中),干燥器6.2的阀门19.2和18.2(或干燥器6.1的阀门19.1和18.1)是开启的,干燥器6.2的其它所有阀门都是关闭的(包括只存在于图2的例子中的阀门22)。吹扫工序期间,开户阀门22(只存在于图2的例子中)和干燥器6.2的阀门16.2(或干燥器6.1的阀门16.1)是开启的,并且在达到一定压力水平、优选达到10~15巴后关闭。然后打开阀门18.2(或干燥器6.1的阀门18.1)来再次将系统减压。杂质水平仍然太高的情况下可以重复这个顺序。否则,可以通过打开阀门22(只存在于图2的例子中)和干燥器6.2的阀门16.2(或干燥器6.1的阀门16.1),而关闭干燥器6.2的其它所有阀门(包括只存在于图2的例子中的阀门21)来开始填充干燥器6.1,6.2。当干燥器6.1,6.2中的压力水平达到干燥工序操作压力水平时,可以开启管线11.2和它的操作阀门20.2以及干燥器6.2的阀门17.2(或管线11.1和它的阀门20.1以及干燥器6.1的阀门17.1),来使各自的干燥器回到吸附操作,也就是干燥操作。
根据本发明的干燥和再生工序为能量消耗和低CO2损耗提供了一个很好的解决办法。
尽管本发明已经参考很多示例实施方案来说明,但是本领域的专业人员也要认识到在不脱离本发明范围的情况下,可以进行各种改变,和用等价物取代其要素。另外,在不脱离本发明范围的情况下,可以进行许多改变以使具体情况或材料适应本发明的教导。所以,本发明不意在局限于作为实施本发明的预期最佳实施方式公开的具体实施方案,本发明包括落入后附权利要求范围 内的所有实施方案。
Claims (11)
1.一种干燥来自富氧燃烧工序的湿的富CO2气体流的方法,包括:
将所述湿的富CO2气体流(1)压缩到干燥工序的操作压力,
在至少一个冷却器(3.1,3.2)中冷却所述湿的富CO2气体流(1),
交替地在包含至少一个干燥剂床(7.1,7.2)的至少一个干燥器(6.1,6.2) 中干燥所述湿的富CO2气体流(1)和通过引导加热的再生气体(9)以与所述湿的富CO2气体流(1)流动方向相反的方向流过所述干燥器(6.1,6.2)来再生所述干燥剂床(7.1,7.2),
在净化工序中,将所述干燥的富CO2气体流(1)分离成净化的CO2气体流和富氮和氧的废气流,
其中所述富氮和氧的废气流被用作再生气体(9),
在所述再生之后用从压缩机(2)导出的压缩的富CO2气体流吹扫所述干燥器(6.1,6.2)至少一次,
和其中在每个干燥工序之前,将从压缩机(2)导出的压缩的富CO2气体流充入所述干燥器(6.1,6.2)直至干燥工序操作压力;且
其中用于在每个干燥工序之前填充干燥器(6.1,6.2)的所述压缩的富CO2气体流直接取自压缩机(2)的下游,并直接送入干燥器(6.1,6.2),或
其中用于在每个干燥工序之前填充干燥器(6.1,6.2)的所述压缩的富CO2气体流取自冷却器(3.1,3.2)的下游,并在送入干燥器(6.1,6.2)之前被加热器(10)加热到至少80℃。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述干燥工序操作压力为10-60巴。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中在再生工序中所述再生气体(9)的压力低于所述干燥工序操作压力。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中用于吹扫干燥器(6.1,6.2)的所述压缩的富CO2气体流直接取自压缩机(2)的下游,并直接送入干燥器(6.1,6.2)。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中用于吹扫干燥器(6.1,6.2)的所述压缩的富CO2气体流取自冷却器(3.1,3.2)的下游,并在送入干燥器(6.1,6.2)之前被加热器(10)加热到至少80℃。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述湿的富CO2气体流(1)中所含的Hg和/或SOX和/或灰尘被位于干燥器(6.1,6.2)上游的烟道气处理装置(4)除去。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述湿的富CO2气体流(1)中所含的部分蒸气被位于干燥器(6.1,6.2)上游的气液分离器(5)冷凝和排出。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述再生气体(9)被加热器(10)加热到160-300℃的温度。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中为了干燥所述湿的富CO2气体流(1),使用和互相平行地排列两个或更多个干燥器(6.1,6.2),其中一个干燥器处于干燥模式而另一个或多个干燥器处于再生模式或随时备用模式。
10. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其中为了干燥湿的富CO2气体流(1) ,使用和串联排列两个干燥器(6.1,6.2),且其中两个干燥器(6.1,6.2)都处于干燥模式,或者通过令所述湿的富CO2气体流(1)绕过其中一个干燥器(6.1,6.2)使该干燥器(6.1,6.2)处于再生模式,而另一个干燥器(6.1,6.2)处于干燥模式。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中在再生后,再生的干燥器(6.1,6.2)在干燥器(6.1,6.2)的序列中作为第二个干燥器(6.1,6.2)。
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- 2012-01-10 WO PCT/IB2012/000021 patent/WO2012095722A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-01-10 RU RU2013137767/05A patent/RU2552448C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-01-10 CN CN201280005388.3A patent/CN103429316B/zh active Active
- 2012-01-10 AU AU2012206403A patent/AU2012206403B2/en not_active Ceased
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KR20140017550A (ko) | 2014-02-11 |
EP2476477B1 (en) | 2021-03-17 |
AU2012206403A1 (en) | 2013-08-01 |
CN103429316A (zh) | 2013-12-04 |
TWI543808B (zh) | 2016-08-01 |
US9429359B2 (en) | 2016-08-30 |
TW201235086A (en) | 2012-09-01 |
AU2012206403B2 (en) | 2015-07-16 |
EP2476477A1 (en) | 2012-07-18 |
US20130298599A1 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
RU2013137767A (ru) | 2015-02-20 |
KR101722295B1 (ko) | 2017-03-31 |
WO2012095722A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
RU2552448C2 (ru) | 2015-06-10 |
CA2824257A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
CA2824257C (en) | 2016-03-15 |
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