CN103423911B - Refrigerator - Google Patents
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- CN103423911B CN103423911B CN201210209772.7A CN201210209772A CN103423911B CN 103423911 B CN103423911 B CN 103423911B CN 201210209772 A CN201210209772 A CN 201210209772A CN 103423911 B CN103423911 B CN 103423911B
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Abstract
A kind of refrigerator based on microchannel backheat heat transfer technology and Joule Thomson effect adopting atoms permeating fusion solder technology to process comprises: oral area of coming in and going out, backheat heat exchanging part, restriction, evaporation cavity.Wherein, oral area of coming in and going out has import and outlet; Backheat heat exchanging part forms by least one heat zone is adjacent between two with at least one cryosphere, every layer has at least one passage, relatively-high temperature gases at high pressure complete throttling cooling from entering restriction after import enters the passage of heat zone, then flow to the evaporation cavity thus throttling cooling again with large space, because throttling a part of gas of lowering the temperature is condensed into liquid, all the other are low temperature low pressure gas, and both mix and form low-temp low-pressure liquid-vapor mixture; Low-temp low-pressure liquid-vapor mixture makes evaporation cavity keep low temperature to the cooling of coupled high-temperature device, and the gas backstreaming in evaporation cavity is discharged from exporting after entering the relatively-high temperature gases at high pressure heat exchange in the passage of cryosphere and the passage of adjacent high-temperature layer.
Description
Technical field
The refrigerator based on microchannel backheat heat transfer technology and Joule Thomson effect that a kind of employing atoms permeating of the field such as the Detection and Guidances such as satellite, weapon, radar, cryotronics are micro-, cryogenic medicine, cooling electronic component for being applied to merges that solder technology processes.
Background technology:
In gas liquefaction and low-temperature refrigeration technology, the Joule-Thomson throttling refrigeration effect (hereinafter referred to as J-T effect) utilizing real gas is a kind of the most frequently used method, and as far back as 1895, a J-T effect throttling refrigeration circulation was just for industrial gas liquefaction
[1].The development of miniature J-T effect refrigeration device starts from eighties of last century fifties, and it is made up of counter flow back-heating heat exchanger, restricting element and evaporation cavity usually.The stainless steel tube of general employing caliber tiny (being about φ 0.5-φ 1mm), pipe outer after fin coiling pipe on mandrel again, restricting element (fixing or adjustable aperture, capillary or porous material) is equipped with in one end of stainless steel tube, then inserts Dewar pipe.Gas-liquid mixture after throttling (is called head evaporation cavity) bottom Dewar pipe sweat cooling, the annulus between Dewar inside pipe wall and mandrel is the passage of gas of backflowing, and carrys out the hot high pressure air-flow before precooled throttling with the low-pressure gas backflowed
[1].
Fig. 1 has the single-stage J-T effect refrigeration device of counter flow back-heating heat exchanger, and as shown in Figure 1, the J-T effect refrigeration device overwhelming majority of application at present also maintains the structure similar to the refrigerator in Fig. 1.In such a configuration, middle mandrel only plays a supportive role and but accounts for very large space; Backflowing because incoming flow in fin helix tube and pipe are outer, operation length differs more, the more difficult control in gap, annulus, and backheat heat exchange is insufficient; Also have air inlet to only have one to two-way, refrigerating capacity is smaller.These problems make J-T effect refrigeration amount little, and compactness is not high, and application also compares limitation.Investigation finds, J-T effect refrigeration device is as a kind of middle and high end electronic equipment dissipating heat solution, if refrigerating capacity can suitably be amplified, its application can get more and more
[2-9].
Analyze domestic and international Research Literature can see, along with the breakthrough of some key technologies, the development of J-T effect refrigeration device has new development.The domestic and international research and development situation for J-T effect refrigeration device related to the present invention is at present as follows:
Wang Tiangang in 2006
[10,11]etc. in conjunction with existing design parameter and related data, propose 2 kinds of designs, heat exchanger, restricting element, evaporimeter are all configured on one block of base material by scheme 1, replace the parts such as corresponding heat exchanger, throttle capillary tube with the trickle conduit of different size.Scheme 2 is as heat exchanger with the less and parallel thin bronze pan tube of size, turnover air pipe is made to combine closely by the method for welding, replace throttle capillary tube with the trickle conduit of closed spiral, heat exchanger, restricting element and evaporator tube road are coupled together, realize throttling expansion refrigeration.Utilize the fabrication techniques such as PRK micro Process, laser weld model machine, carry out experimental study.
Lerou in 2007
[12]micro-J-T effect refrigeration device that glass wafer used etching processing techniques make, glass wafer has three layers, and interlayer is etched with rectangular duct, the heat exchanger made has 8 kinds of different designs, 14 samples, groove depth is from 2 millimeters to 4 millimeters, and length is from 15 millimeters to 35 millimeters, and employing nitrogen is working medium.Target refrigerating capacity 10mW, tip temperature 96K.Measure and maximumly reach refrigerating capacity 20mW, tip temperature 100K.
Jianlin YU in 2008
[13]after evaporation cavity, add suction injection apparatus form new burnt soup closed-loop refrigeration circulation, experimental result display refrigerating efficiency is significantly improved.
2010, Univ Colorado-Boulder USA M HLin
[14]miniature burnt soup refrigerator Deng experimental study adopts built-in six hollow glass fibre pipes in glass capillary, and be high pressure incoming flow in fiberglass pipe, for low pressure is backflowed between tubule and bassoon, top is plate, and restricting element is J-T expansion valve.Adopt the mixed working fluid that 5 kinds of one-tenth is grouped into, testing extreme cryogenic temperature can reach 77K.
It is generally acknowledged that passage hydraulic diameter is less than 1 millimeter for microchannel, many documents show that Thermal Performance of Micro Channels exchange capability of heat compared with regular channels strengthens significantly, and micro-channel heat exchanger compactness can reach 1500m
2/ m
3above, the liquid liquid heat exchange volume coefficient of heat transfer reaches 7000W/ (m
3k)
[15], but because the action effect of the factor such as surface roughness effect, entrance effect is relative to conventional yardstick difference, resistance coefficient is corresponding larger.Because passage is little, working medium such as cleaning not also easily results in blockage.Axial thermal conductivity affects more remarkable in some cases in addition.
Atoms permeating merges solder technology and is processed as newer micro-processing technology both at home and abroad, different from the microchannel J-T effect refrigeration device processing method that current other researchers both at home and abroad propose, it relies on storeroom surface produce atoms permeating and be combined with each other as the entirety similar with the fine structure of material own, can realize: 1) bound fraction does not have thermal contact resistance, the refrigerator good airproof performance made, withstand voltage height, can bear high pressure ratio, ensures throttling refrigeration effect.2) heat exchanger cold and hot side heat exchange can realize multilayer Micro Channel Architecture, and number of active lanes can be hundreds and thousands of, and layout and size can regulate as required.Other micro-processing technologies at present in the J-T effect refrigeration device document of relevant microchannel can't accomplish such structure.
Summary of the invention:
For above problem, the present invention adopts atoms permeating to merge solder technology, J-T effect refrigeration device and multilayer MCA are combined, after finding that multilayer MCA substitutes the helical finned tube type heat exchanger around mandrel (the inferior type heat exchanger of Han Consulting) of J-T effect refrigeration device routine, both can maximize favourable factors and minimize unfavourable ones, thus have drawn refrigerator of the present invention.
Refrigerator of the present invention comprises: come in and go out oral area, backheat heat exchanging part, restriction and evaporation cavity.
Oral area of coming in and going out has import and outlet, import can make relatively-high temperature gases at high pressure enter refrigerator and by the distribution of air flow of relatively-high temperature gases at high pressure formation to the backheat heat exchanging part be attached thereto, export and refrigerator is completed the extraction of the air-flow after process of refrigerastion refrigerator.
Backheat heat exchanging part has the heat zone of many HTHP passages by least one and cryosphere that at least one has an at least one low-temp low-pressure passage forms, heat zone and cryosphere arranged adjacent, relatively-high temperature gases at high pressure enter in multiple HTHP passages of the heat zone of backheat heat exchanging part and carry out heat exchange with the low temperature low pressure gas in multiple low-temp low-pressure passages of the cryosphere of adjacent layer and lower the temperature and make it to become comparatively cryogenic gas enter restriction.
Restriction, corresponding to the different heat zones of backheat heat exchanging part, be made up of multiple restrictor layers at least with a microchannel, corresponding being connected with a restrictor layer of each heat zone, enter corresponding restrictor layer compared with cryogenic gas from HTHP layer and complete throttling cooling, then flow to the evaporation cavity thus throttling cooling again with large space, because throttling a part of gas of lowering the temperature is condensed into liquid, all the other are low temperature low pressure gas, and both mix and form low-temp low-pressure liquid-vapor mixture.
Evaporation cavity, assemble above-mentioned low-temp low-pressure liquid-vapor mixture and be in low-temperature condition always, evaporation cavity is connected with needing the high-temperature device freezed, absorb the heat of high-temperature device and reach effect to its cooling, after the described low-temp low-pressure liquid-vapor mixture heat absorption in evaporation cavity, phase transformation becomes low temperature low pressure gas backflow and enters the low-temp low-pressure passage of the cryosphere of backheat heat exchanging part and realize heat exchange with the relatively-high temperature gases at high pressure in multiple HTHP passages of adjacent heat zone and finally discharge refrigerator from exporting.
Further, refrigerator provided by the invention can also have such feature: restriction is be stacked layer by layer than multiple micro-channels that each HTHP passage of backheat heat exchanging part is trickleer to form, fine channel becomes to wriggle and spirals thus add the length of throttling process in the layer at its place, improves restriction effect.
Further, refrigerator provided by the invention can also have such feature: restriction is that multiple gas channel with loose structure forms thus completes the throttling refrigeration compared with cryogenic gas.
Further, refrigerator provided by the invention can also have such feature: restriction is be stacked layer by layer than multiple micro-channels that each HTHP passage of backheat heat exchanging part is trickleer to form, loose structure is adopted in micro-channel, the fine channel with loose structure becomes to wriggle and spirals thus add the length of throttling process in the layer at its place, improves restriction effect.
Further, refrigerator provided by the invention can also have such feature: in this refrigerator, one deck of ragged edge is closed in inlet and outlet vertically, forms the passage of hollow, thus enables this refrigerator heat-insulation and heat-preservation.
Further, refrigerator provided by the invention can also have such feature: the skin of this refrigerator has the heat-insulation layer that insulation material is made.
Further, refrigerator provided by the invention can also have such feature: the skin of this refrigerator has the shell with heat preservation and insulation be made by low Heat Conduction Material.
Further, refrigerator provided by the invention can also have such feature: the scope of design of the hydraulic diameter of all passages in this refrigerator is grade and micron order.
Further, refrigerator provided by the invention can also have such feature: the multilayer MCA of this refrigerator adopts atoms permeating fusion solder technology to make.
In addition, refrigerator provided by the invention can also have such feature: the size of evaporation cavity and shape depend on size and the shape of the use occasion of described refrigerator.
Invention effect and effect
The present invention is J-T effect refrigeration device and adopt the multilayer MCA that atoms permeating merges solder technology making to combine, and the helical finned tube type heat exchanger around mandrel (the inferior type heat exchanger of Han Consulting) that discovery multilayer MCA substitutes J-T effect refrigeration device routine has drawn refrigerator of the present invention.
For J-T effect refrigeration device, heat exchange and throttling two parts are crucial.Heat exchanging part is influent stream and the gas-gas heat exchange that backflows.Compare the inferior type heat exchanger of Han Consulting, do not need mandrel to support with MCA, exchange capability of heat is strong, and compactness is high, and gas-gas heat exchange also can not cause microchannel to block.Pressure drop large feature in microchannel is also without the need to worrying, data display utilizes the Bernoulli effect in flow process to assist and realizes throttling cooling
[16-18].Have again microchannel gas circuit can tens, hundreds of is even more, is equipped with suitable head evaporation cavity, refrigerating capacity can increase doubly a lot.J-T effect refrigeration device admission pressure generally has tens MPas, atoms permeating is adopted to merge solder technology manufacturing technology, and multilayer MCA interchannel supports mutually, load performance is superior, therefore microchannel backheat heat exchange J-T effect refrigeration utensil has high pressure resistant property, not only safe and reliable, the more important thing is and can ensure throttling pressure ratio, reach good throttling refrigeration effect.The material that microchannel backheat heat exchange J-T effect refrigeration device adopts thermal conductivity factor more moderate, as stainless steel, pottery, glass, silicon etc., rational channels designs and global design can handle the axis of refrigerator in the present embodiment and the contradictory relation of radial heat conduction well, reach the heat exchanger efficiency of micro-channel heat exchanger optimum
[19,20].In addition, when making, evaporation cavity is easy to change shape with applicable different application.Refrigeration performance is good, compactness is high, relative refrigerating capacity is large, safe and reliable, be easy to the feature of applicable different application to adopt the refrigerator of the multilayer microchannel backheat heat exchange Joule Thomson effect of atoms permeating fusion solder technology making should have compared to existing technology thus.
Bibliography
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[3] appoint quiet, compass latitude, Sun Zhongzhang. low-temperature refrigeration technology application in the opto-electronic device and development. low temperature and superconduction, 2000,36 (4): 6-12
[4] Tang little Wei. the application study of open type throttling refrigeration technology in local ambient temperature controls. vacuum and low temperature, 2010,16 (4): 223-226
[5]Ray Radebaugh.Cryocoolers：the state of the art and recentdevelopments.Journal of Physics Condensed Matter.200921：164219
[6]H.J.M.ter Brake，G.F.M.Wiegerinck.Low-power cryocoolersurvey，Cryogenics，2002，42(11)：705-718
[7]Jayne Fereday，Tom Bradshaw，Martin Crook，Anna Orlowska，Ravinder Bhatia，Martin Linder，Olivier Pin，Arnaud Scommegna，Sylvain Vey.Cryocooler modelling methodology Cryogenics，2006，46(2-3)：183-190
[8]Hiroyuki Sugita，Takao Nakagawa，Hiroshi Murakami，AtsushiOkamoto，Hiroki Nagai，Masahide Murakami，Katsuhiro Narasaki，Masayuki Hirabayashi.Cryogenic infrared mission“JAXA/SPICA”with advanced cryocoolers，Cryogenics，2006，40(2-3)：149-157
[9]Hiroyuki Sugita，Takao Nakagawa，Hiroshi Murakami，AtsushiOkamoto，Hiroki Nagai，Masahide Murakami，Katsuhiro Narasaki，Masayuki Hirabayashi.Cryogenic system design of the nextgeneration infrared space telescope SPICA.2010，50(9)：566-571.
[10] Wang Tiangang, Chen Xuekang, Cao Shengzhu, Wang Rui, Jianping YANG, Wu dares. the analysis of micro-miniature refrigerator MMR and research. and vacuum and low temperature, 2006,26 (3): 149-152
[11] Wang Tiangang, Sun Shuze, Yan Chunjie, Huo Yingjie, Xu Guotai. a kind of experimental verification of MMR refrigerator and performance evaluation. cryogenic engineering, 2011,183 (5): 61-64
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[13]Jianl in Yu.Improving the performance of small Joule-Thomsoncryocooler.Cryogenics，2008，48：426-431
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[15] Zhong Yi, Yin Jiancheng, Pan Sheng Min. micro-channel heat exchanger progress. Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning, 2009,9 (5): 1-4
[16]Kaiser.G，Reibig L，Thurk M，Seidel P.About a new type ofclosed-cycle cryocooler operating by use of the Bernoulli effect.Cryogenics，1998，38：937-942
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[18] Xiong Lianyou. a kind of miniature burnt soup refrigerator. the 7th national low temperature and Refrigeration Engineering conference proceeding, in November, 2005, Kunming
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Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the refrigerator in the present embodiment; Fig. 5 is the part-structure schematic diagram of the refrigerator in embodiment.As shown in Figure 2, this refrigerator is J-T effect refrigeration device and adopt the multilayer MCA that atoms permeating merges solder technology making to combine, and comprising: come in and go out oral area 6, backheat heat exchanging part 5, restriction 3 and evaporation cavity 4.
Fig. 3 is the part-structure schematic diagram of the discrepancy oral area of refrigerator in embodiment.As shown in Figure 3, oral area 6 of coming in and going out has import 1 and outlet 2, import the gas of relatively-high temperature high pressure can be made to enter refrigerator and by relatively-high temperature gases at high pressure formed distribution of air flow to the backheat heat exchanging part be attached thereto, these relatively-high temperature gases at high pressure are the gas compositions that can realize throttling refrigeration effect, export and refrigerator is completed the extraction of the air-flow after process of refrigerastion refrigerator.
Backheat heat exchanging part is made up of multiple heat zone with many HTHP passages and multiple cryospheres with many low-temp low-pressure passages, heat zone is adjacent with cryosphere, and relatively-high temperature gases at high pressure enter in multiple HTHP passages of the heat zone of backheat heat exchanging part and carry out heat exchange with the low temperature low pressure gas in multiple low-temp low-pressure passages of the cryosphere of adjacent layer and lower the temperature and make it to become comparatively cryogenic gas enter restriction.
Fig. 4 is the part-structure schematic diagram of the restriction of refrigerator in embodiment.As shown in Figure 4, restriction, corresponding to the different heat zones of backheat heat exchanging part, be made up of multiple restrictor layers at least with a microchannel, corresponding being connected with a restrictor layer of each heat zone, enter corresponding restrictor layer compared with cryogenic gas from HTHP layer and complete throttling cooling, then flow to the evaporation cavity thus throttling cooling again with large space, because throttling a part of gas of lowering the temperature is condensed into liquid, all the other are low temperature low pressure gas, and both mix and form low-temp low-pressure liquid-vapor mixture.
The cavity of refrigerator top end is the evaporation cavity of the refrigerator in the present embodiment, assemble above-mentioned low-temp low-pressure liquid-vapor mixture and be in low-temperature condition always, evaporation cavity is connected with needing the high-temperature device freezed, absorb the heat of high-temperature device and reach effect to its cooling, after the described low-temp low-pressure liquid-vapor mixture heat absorption in evaporation cavity, phase transformation becomes low temperature low pressure gas backflow and enters the low-temp low-pressure passage of the cryosphere of backheat heat exchanging part and realize heat exchange with the relatively-high temperature gases at high pressure in multiple HTHP passages of adjacent heat zone and finally discharge refrigerator from exporting.
The comparatively cryogenic gas of relatively-high temperature gases at high pressure after the heat exchange of backheat heat exchanging part enters restriction and starts throttling, and the structure realizing throttling can adopt three kinds of methods:
1) restriction is be stacked layer by layer than multiple micro-channels that each HTHP passage of backheat heat exchanging part is trickleer to form, and fine channel becomes to wriggle and spirals thus add the length of throttling process in the layer at its place, improves restriction effect.
2) restriction is that multiple gas channel with loose structure forms thus completes the throttling refrigeration compared with cryogenic gas.
3) restriction is be stacked layer by layer than multiple micro-channels that each HTHP passage of backheat heat exchanging part is trickleer to form, loose structure is adopted in micro-channel, the fine channel with loose structure becomes to wriggle and spirals thus add the length of throttling process in the layer at its place, improves restriction effect.
The fluid flowed out from restriction enters the larger evaporation cavity of space, completes throttling refrigeration effect, makes to be low-temperature condition in evaporation cavity.The structure of evaporation cavity is cavity structure, can change according to use occasion shape, as square, taper, cylindrical etc.When using burnt soup refrigerator, what be connected with evaporation cavity is the higher device of external temperature, and in evaporation cavity, low temperature environment can suck up outside device heat, makes external devices temperature maintain it and limits use operating temperature level.
The arrangement of heat zone and cryosphere can be various ways, such as: heat zone and cryosphere are interspersed, have two cryospheres etc. between two heat zones.
In refrigerator in the present embodiment, one deck of ragged edge or which floor passage can be closed in inlet and outlet vertically, form the passage of hollow, to stop internal flow and extraneous heat exchange, play certain insulation effect, can not also close, outer layer covers has the heat-insulation layer be made up of insulation material, also can be the shell made with low Heat Conduction Material.
The material of the refrigerator in the present embodiment is stainless steel, and this refrigerator can also be formed by a kind of material wherein such as glass, pottery, silicon or two kinds of metals or metal and nonmetal welding production.
Rational channels designs and global design can handle the axis of refrigerator in the present embodiment and the contradictory relation of radial heat conduction well, reach the heat exchanger efficiency of micro-channel heat exchanger optimum.
The scope of design of the hydraulic diameter of all passages in the refrigerator in the present embodiment is grade and micron order.
Embodiment effect and effect
Have according to the refrigerator in embodiment that refrigeration performance is good, compactness is high, relative refrigerating capacity is large, safe and reliable, be easy to the feature of applicable different application.
Claims (10)
1. a refrigerator, is characterized in that, comprising:
Discrepancy oral area; Backheat heat exchanging part; Restriction; And evaporation cavity,
Wherein, described discrepancy oral area has import and outlet, relatively-high temperature gases at high pressure can be made to enter refrigerator for described import and by the distribution of air flow of described relatively-high temperature gases at high pressure formation to the backheat heat exchanging part be attached thereto, refrigerator is completed the air-flow after process of refrigerastion and draws described refrigerator by described outlet;
Described backheat heat exchanging part has the heat zone of many HTHP passages by least one and cryosphere that at least one has an at least one low-temp low-pressure passage forms, described heat zone is adjacent with described cryosphere, and described relatively-high temperature gases at high pressure enter in described multiple HTHP passages of the described heat zone of backheat heat exchanging part and carry out heat exchange with the low temperature low pressure gas in described multiple low-temp low-pressure passages of the described cryosphere of adjacent layer and lower the temperature and make it to become comparatively cryogenic gas enter described restriction;
Described restriction, corresponding to the described heat zone of difference of described backheat heat exchanging part, be made up of multiple restrictor layers at least with a microchannel, corresponding being connected with a restrictor layer of each described heat zone, described compared with cryogenic gas from described heat zone enter corresponding described restrictor layer complete a throttling cooling, then flow to the evaporation cavity thus throttling cooling again with large space, because throttling a part of gas of lowering the temperature is condensed into liquid, all the other are low temperature low pressure gas, both mix and form low-temp low-pressure liquid-vapor mixture
Described evaporation cavity, assemble above-mentioned low-temp low-pressure liquid-vapor mixture and be in low-temperature condition always, evaporation cavity is connected with needing the high-temperature device freezed, absorb the heat of high-temperature device and reach effect to its cooling, the described low-temp low-pressure liquid-vapor mixture heat absorption phase transformation in evaporation cavity becomes low temperature low pressure gas backflow and enters the low-temp low-pressure passage of the cryosphere of backheat heat exchanging part and realize heat exchange with the relatively-high temperature gases at high pressure in multiple HTHP passages of adjacent heat zone and finally discharge refrigerator from exporting.
2. refrigerator according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described restriction is be stacked layer by layer than multiple micro-channels that each HTHP passage of described backheat heat exchanging part is trickleer to form, described micro-channel becomes to wriggle and spirals thus add the length of throttling process in the layer at its place, improves restriction effect.
3. refrigerator according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described restriction is that multiple gas channel with loose structure forms thus completes the described throttling refrigeration compared with cryogenic gas.
4. refrigerator according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described restriction is be stacked layer by layer than multiple micro-channels that each HTHP passage of described backheat heat exchanging part is trickleer to form, loose structure is adopted in described micro-channel, the described micro-channel with loose structure becomes to wriggle and spirals thus add the length of throttling process in the layer at its place, improves restriction effect.
5. refrigerator according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The size of described evaporation cavity and shape depend on size and the shape of the use occasion of described refrigerator.
6. refrigerator according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
In described refrigerator, one deck of ragged edge is closed in inlet and outlet vertically, forms the passage of hollow, thus enables described refrigerator heat-insulation and heat-preservation.
7. refrigerator according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The skin of described refrigerator has the heat-insulation layer that insulation material is made.
8. refrigerator according to claim 7, is characterized in that:
The skin of described refrigerator is also provided with the shell with heat preservation and insulation be made by low Heat Conduction Material.
9. refrigerator according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The scope of design of the hydraulic diameter of the described HTHP passage in refrigerator, described low-temp low-pressure passage and described microchannel is grade and micron order.
10. refrigerator according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The described HTHP passage of described refrigerator, described low-temp low-pressure passage and described MCA adopt atoms permeating to merge solder technology to make.
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| CN201210209772.7A CN103423911B (en) | 2012-06-25 | 2012-06-25 | Refrigerator |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210209772.7A CN103423911B (en) | 2012-06-25 | 2012-06-25 | Refrigerator |
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| CN114562826B (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2023-08-29 | 上海理工大学 | Bypass type laminated rapid precooling throttling refrigerator and control method |
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| CN103423911A (en) | 2013-12-04 |
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