CN110470068B - Multi-stage porous micro-channel throttling refrigerator - Google Patents
Multi-stage porous micro-channel throttling refrigerator Download PDFInfo
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- CN110470068B CN110470068B CN201910776515.3A CN201910776515A CN110470068B CN 110470068 B CN110470068 B CN 110470068B CN 201910776515 A CN201910776515 A CN 201910776515A CN 110470068 B CN110470068 B CN 110470068B
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- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000315 cryotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004297 night vision Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using Joule-Thompson effect; using vortex effect
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- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
The multi-stage porous micro-channel throttling refrigerator comprises a shell, a refrigerating chamber and a refrigerating chamber, wherein the shell is provided with at least one inlet pipe and at least one outlet pipe; a porous media core; and the low-pressure pipes with different lengths are positioned between the outlet pipe and the end face of the expansion end, the inner wall of the shell and the porous medium core form an expansion cavity, the partition plate, the inner wall of the shell and the porous medium core form an outlet cavity, the partition plate, the inner wall of the shell and the end face of the inlet end form an inlet cavity, the low-pressure pipes with different lengths are divided into N groups according to the length, the pipe diameters of the low-pressure pipes are in direct proportion to the length, the N groups of low-pressure pipes are respectively arranged in the porous medium core in parallel, one end of any group of low-pressure pipes is communicated with the outlet cavity, the other end of any group of low-pressure pipes is communicated with the expansion cavity, one end of the N-1 group of low-pressure pipes is communicated with the outlet cavity, the other end of the N-1 group of low-.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of heat exchange enhanced throttling refrigeration, and particularly relates to a multistage porous micro-channel throttling refrigerator.
Background
The micro throttling refrigerator utilizes Joule-Thomson effect (J-T effect) to refrigerate, and is widely applied to occasions with smaller size space, such as inner cavity cryotherapy, infrared night vision devices and the like. At present, the main J-T effect refrigerator still adopts a Hampson type (spiral fin tube type), a stainless steel tube with the outer diameter of 0.5mm-1mm is wound on a mandrel, and high-pressure gas flows through the whole stainless steel tube and enters a capillary tube of a tube head for throttling. The throttled low-pressure gas flows back to pass through the outer fins of the stainless steel pipe to pre-cool the inflowing high-pressure gas. However, the air inlet of the Hampson type throttling refrigerator is only one to two paths, the refrigerating capacity is small, the central support shaft occupies a large space in the refrigerator, the refrigerator is not compact in structure, and the heat exchange efficiency is low.
The research combines the microchannel technology with a J-T throttling refrigeration structure, generally adopts silicon materials with strong plasticity to manufacture, high-pressure and low-pressure microchannel plates are mutually overlapped, high-pressure gas is cooled by low-temperature gas of an adjacent low-pressure microchannel layer after entering a high-pressure microchannel layer, the precooled high-pressure gas is throttled and depressurized and then enters an evaporation cavity to absorb external heat source heat, and finally the heat returns through a low-pressure microchannel. However, the throttle cooler has low pressure bearing capacity, the pressure of the inflow gas is limited by the silicon material, the cooling temperature reduction space is limited, and meanwhile, the structure of the throttle cooler cannot be overlapped in multiple layers, so that the air inflow is low and the cooling capacity is low; the axial heat conduction problem of the partition wall of the channel with the mostly adopted rectangular micro-channel structure is not negligible, so that the heat loss of the micro-channel throttling refrigerator is higher; in particular, most of the high-pressure and low-pressure channels have limited contact areas and usually have only 1-2 surface contacts, so that the heat exchange between high-temperature fluid and low-temperature fluid is insufficient. In summary, the existing micro-channel throttling refrigerator has small air input, serious axial heat conduction problem and limited high-low pressure heat exchange area, and restricts the improvement of the heat exchange efficiency of the micro-channel throttling refrigerator.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the traditional Hanpson type throttling refrigerator and the micro-channel throttling refrigerator, the invention designs the multistage porous micro-channel throttling refrigerator by combining a porous medium material and a circular tube type micro-channel structure on the basis of the idea of the traditional Hanpson type throttling refrigerator.
The invention provides a multi-stage porous micro-channel throttling refrigerator, which is characterized by comprising a shell, a refrigerating chamber and a refrigerating chamber, wherein the shell is provided with an inlet pipe and at least one outlet pipe; a porous media core; and a plurality of low pressure pipes with different lengths, wherein the shell is in a closed cylinder shape and is provided with an inlet end and an expansion end, the inlet pipe is arranged on the end surface of the inlet end of the shell, the outlet pipe is arranged on the side wall of the outlet end of the shell, the outlet pipe and the inlet pipe are respectively communicated with the shell, a partition plate is arranged in the shell and is positioned between the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe, the porous medium core is in a cylinder shape, the appearance of the porous medium core is matched with the inner wall of the shell and is arranged in the shell and is positioned between the outlet pipe and the end surface of the expansion end, the expansion end surface, the inner wall of the shell and the porous medium core form an outlet cavity, the partition plate, the inner wall of the shell and the inlet end surface form an inlet cavity, the plurality of low pressure pipes with different lengths are divided into N groups according to the length, n groups of low-pressure pipes are respectively arranged in the porous medium core in parallel, one end of any one group of low-pressure pipes is communicated with the inlet cavity, the other end of the low-pressure pipes is communicated with the capacity expansion cavity, one end of the low-pressure pipes of the N-1 group is communicated with the inlet cavity, the other end of the low-pressure pipes of the N-1 group is positioned in the porous medium core, and in the N-1 group, the distances between the end parts of the low-pressure pipes of different groups, which are positioned in the porous medium core, and.
In the multi-stage porous micro-channel throttling refrigerator provided by the invention, the refrigerator also has the following characteristics: wherein, a plurality of outlet pipes are respectively uniformly arranged on the side wall of the shell in a surrounding way.
In addition, in the multi-stage porous micro-channel throttling refrigerator provided by the invention, the refrigerator also has the following characteristics: wherein, the outlet pipe sets up perpendicularly to the casing lateral wall, and the quantity of outlet pipe is 4.
In addition, in the multi-stage porous micro-channel throttling refrigerator provided by the invention, the refrigerator also has the following characteristics: the low-pressure pipes are arranged in parallel to the axis of the shell and are uniformly arranged in the porous medium core body around the axis of the shell respectively.
In addition, in the multi-stage porous micro-channel throttling refrigerator provided by the invention, the refrigerator also has the following characteristics: wherein, the external diameter of baffle and the interior wall phase of casing match, and the baffle sets up perpendicular to the axis of casing.
In addition, in the multi-stage porous micro-channel throttling refrigerator provided by the invention, the refrigerator also has the following characteristics: wherein, the porous medium core body is made of foam metal material.
In addition, in the multi-stage porous micro-channel throttling refrigerator provided by the invention, the refrigerator also has the following characteristics: wherein, the porosity of the porous medium core body is more than 90%.
In addition, in the multi-stage porous micro-channel throttling refrigerator provided by the invention, the refrigerator also has the following characteristics: wherein, the terminal surface of dilatation end adopts stainless steel material to make.
In addition, in the multi-stage porous micro-channel throttling refrigerator provided by the invention, the refrigerator also has the following characteristics: wherein, the cross section of low-pressure pipe is any one of circular, rectangle, triangle, pentagon, hexagon.
Action and Effect of the invention
According to the multi-stage porous micro-channel throttling refrigerator, the porous medium core and the low-pressure pipes with different lengths are arranged.
The size of the porous medium gaps in the porous medium core is extremely small, so that the flow and heat exchange boundary layer can be broken, and the function of enhancing the heat exchange efficiency is achieved.
Furthermore, the low-pressure pipe is in complete contact with the porous medium, so that the heat exchange area is greatly increased, and the sufficient heat exchange with the working medium in the porous medium can be realized.
Furthermore, multi-stage low-pressure pipe channels are uniformly distributed, the low-temperature working medium which flows back in the porous medium, multi-stage precooling is realized, and the lowest cold end temperature is reached in the final stage of circular pipe micro-channel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic external view of a refrigerator housing in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an inlet in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a refrigerator in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a recuperative heat exchanger section in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional elevational view of a refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a multi-stage circular tube microchannel in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, creation features, achievement purposes and effects of the invention easy to understand, the following embodiments are specifically described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Examples
The multi-stage porous micro-channel throttling refrigerator comprises a shell, a porous medium core 20 and a plurality of low-pressure pipes with different lengths.
As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the casing has a closed cylindrical shape and includes a casing 11, a plurality of outlet pipes 12, an inlet pipe 13, and a partition 14.
The housing 11 is cylindrical in shape having an inlet end (right end in fig. 2) and an expanded end (left end in fig. 2). The housing 11 has two end surfaces, i.e., a side wall, an inlet end surface and an expansion end surface 111, wherein the expansion end surface 111 is made of a stainless material, and both the side wall and the inlet end surface of the housing 11 are made of a thermal insulation material with poor thermal conductivity, in an embodiment, the thermal insulation material is made of hard glass.
The outlet pipes 12 are respectively arranged on the side wall of the outlet end of the shell 11, the outlet pipes 12 are of micro-cylindrical structures and are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the inlet shell, and working media can uniformly enter the cavity. In the embodiment, 4 outlet pipes 12 are uniformly and vertically arranged around the side wall of the housing 11.
An inlet pipe 13 is provided on an end surface of the inlet end of the housing 11, the inlet pipe 13 being a circular pipe.
The inlet pipe 13 and the outlet pipe 12 are respectively communicated with the shell 11, the partition plate 14 is arranged in the shell 11 and is positioned between the outlet pipe 12 and the inlet pipe 13, as shown in fig. 2, the outer diameter of the partition plate 14 is matched with the inner wall of the shell 11, the partition plate 14 is arranged perpendicular to the axis of the shell 11, and the partition plate 14 is provided with a plurality of through holes matched with the plurality of low-pressure pipes 30.
As shown in fig. 3, the multi-port type microchannel throttle refrigerator has an outlet section 1, an inlet section 2, a regenerative throttle section 3, and an expansion section 4.
The outlet section 1 is a plurality of micro-round tube structures uniformly distributed on the circumference of the inlet shell.
The inlet section 2 is in a circular tube shape, and inlet gas is guided into an inlet cavity through a circular tube micro-channel.
The shape of the regenerative throttling section 3 is designed to be cylindrical, porous medium high-pressure channels are respectively arranged in the regenerative throttling section, and a plurality of micro-round tubes uniformly distributed among the porous media are low-pressure channels.
The expansion section 4 is composed of a regenerative throttling section 3 and a shell.
As shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6, the porous media core 20 is cylindrical, has a shape matching the inner wall of the shell 11, and is disposed in the shell 11 between the outlet pipe 12 and the expansion end face. In the embodiment, the porous medium core 20 serves as a high-pressure passage.
Wherein, the porous medium core 20 is a solid with many tiny pores, and the pores are communicated with each other or partially communicated with each other; the shape of the hole is round, oval or various irregular shapes; the fluid in the holes may flow under certain conditions. The size of the gaps of the porous medium is extremely small, and the gaps are not communicated with one another, so that working media flowing in the gaps are mixed, a flowing and heat exchange boundary layer is broken, and the heat exchange efficiency can be enhanced.
The regenerative throttling section mainly comprises a porous medium core 20 and a plurality of low-pressure tubes with different lengths. In order to improve the heat exchange efficiency, in the embodiment, the porous medium core 20 is made of a foam metal material with high strength and rigidity, the porosity of the porous medium core is more than 90%, and the working medium flow in the high-pressure channel is controlled by controlling the porosity, so that the refrigerating capacity is ensured; the pore diameters of the porous medium on each section are different, and the communication degrees of the pores are different, so that the flow of the high-pressure working medium in the porous medium is irregular but can be relatively uniformly circulated, the working medium flows in different pores, the working medium flow is increased, and the working medium flow area is increased, thereby increasing the heat exchange area with the low-pressure channel and improving the heat exchange uniformity and efficiency.
The expansion end face, the inner wall of the shell 11 and the porous medium core 20 form an expansion cavity 15; the partition plate 14, the inner wall of the shell 11 and the porous medium core 20 form an outlet cavity 16; the partition 14, the inner wall of the housing 11 and the end face of the inlet end form an inlet cavity 17, and the partition 14 completely separates the inlet cavity 17 from the outlet cavity 16.
A plurality of low pressure pipes of different lengths are respectively arranged in parallel in the porous medium core 20.
The low-pressure pipes with different lengths are divided into multi-stage micro-channel pipes according to the length, and can be designed into multi-stage micro-channel forms of 2-stage, 3-stage or 5-stage, 6-stage and the like according to different practical conditions such as actual cold end temperature requirements, throttling conversion temperature of working media and the like.
In the embodiment, the low-pressure pipes with different lengths are divided into a first-stage micro-channel 31, a second-stage micro-channel 32, a third-stage micro-channel 33 and a fourth-stage micro-channel 34 according to the lengths from short to long.
Each stage of microchannels has a plurality of low pressure tubes of the same length.
The diameter of the low-pressure pipe is proportional to the length. The pipe diameter of the four-level circular pipe micro-channel is increased along with the increase of the level, so that the same on-way flow resistance in each level of micro-channel is ensured, and the flow of working media at the inlet in the multi-level channel is uniform.
One end of the four-stage microchannel 34 is communicated with the inlet cavity 17, and the other end is communicated with the expansion cavity 15.
One end of the first-stage microchannel 31, one end of the second-stage microchannel 32 and one end of the third-stage microchannel 33 are respectively communicated with the inlet cavity, and the other ends are respectively positioned in the porous medium core 20.
The distances between the end parts of the primary microchannel 31, the secondary microchannel 32 and the tertiary microchannel 33 in the porous medium core 20 and the expansion end surface 111 are different.
In the embodiment, the low pressure pipe is in the form of a circular pipe, and the cross section of the low pressure pipe can be in the form of other polygons with different characteristic sizes, such as a rectangle, a triangle, a pentagon, a hexagon and the like, only the microchannel is ensured to be in complete contact with the porous medium.
In the embodiment, a plurality of low pressure pipes of different lengths are arranged in parallel to the axis of the shell, and a plurality of low pressure pipes of different lengths are uniformly arranged in the porous medium core 20 around the axis of the shell 11.
A plurality of low pressure microtubes distribute inside porous medium core 20 as required, can guarantee the even type that heat transfer temperature distributes on the same cross-section, and the pipe contacts with porous medium completely, and heat transfer area improves greatly, can realize with the abundant heat transfer of working medium in the porous medium. The returned low-temperature working medium flows back in the porous medium to realize multi-stage precooling, and the lowest cold end temperature is reached in the final stage of circular tube micro-channel.
The low-pressure pipe adopts a round pipe, the surface of the inner wall of the round pipe is smooth, the flow resistance in the pipe is small, and the low-pressure pipe can effectively reduce the pressure loss in the low-pressure channel as the low-pressure channel.
The throttling refrigeration process of the working medium in the refrigerator is as follows:
high-temperature and high-pressure working media enter from an inlet circular tube 13 which is opened outwards of the refrigerator, enter a first-stage micro-channel 31, a second-stage micro-channel 32, a third-stage micro-channel 33 and a fourth-stage micro-channel 34 in a regenerative throttling section after passing through an inlet cavity 17, perform regenerative heat exchange with low-temperature return working media uniformly distributed in a porous medium core 20, complete multi-stage throttling and cooling, respectively flow the working media flowing out of the first-stage micro-channel 31, the second-stage micro-channel 32 and the third-stage micro-channel 33 into porous media adjacent to the working media, return the working media to an outlet cavity 16 along the porous medium channel in the outlet direction due to the influence of flow resistance, precool the coldest-end working media flowing out of the fourth-stage micro-channel 34 into an expansion cavity 15 after 4 stages of the low-temperature return working media in the porous media, a heat source can be attached to an end surface 111 of an expansion end, and the low-temperature, after the external heat source is cooled, the working medium enters the outlet section cavity 16 through the porous medium core 20 and is finally discharged out of the refrigerator through the outlet circular tube 13, and the throttling refrigeration cooling process is completed.
High-pressure normal-temperature gas uniformly enters a regenerative throttling section of the circular tube micro-channel structure from an inlet section of the refrigerator, and is subjected to heat exchange and precooling by low-temperature backflow gas in the porous medium, wherein low-pressure fluid uniformly flows in irregular gaps of the porous medium, so that high-pressure working medium in the circular tube micro-channel is fully precooled and cooled, and the precooled and cooled gas is collected into a dilatation cavity, absorbs external heat source heat in the dilatation cavity, then enters a low-pressure porous medium channel and flows out through a low-pressure outlet.
Effects and effects of the embodiments
According to the multi-stage porous type micro-channel throttling refrigerator related to the embodiment, the multi-stage porous type micro-channel throttling refrigerator is provided with the porous medium core and the low-pressure pipes with different lengths.
The size of the porous medium gaps in the porous medium core is extremely small, so that the flow and heat exchange boundary layer can be broken, and the function of enhancing the heat exchange efficiency is achieved.
Furthermore, the circular tube type micro-channel has smooth surface and small flow resistance in the tube, and can effectively reduce the pressure loss in the low-pressure channel when used as the low-pressure channel.
Furthermore, the low-pressure pipe is in complete contact with the porous medium, so that the heat exchange area is greatly increased, and the sufficient heat exchange with the working medium in the porous medium can be realized.
Furthermore, multi-stage low-pressure pipe channels are uniformly distributed, the low-temperature working medium which flows back in the porous medium, multi-stage precooling is realized, and the lowest cold end temperature is reached in the final stage of circular pipe micro-channel.
The above embodiments are preferred examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A multi-stage porous microchannel throttling refrigerator, comprising:
a housing having an inlet pipe and at least one outlet pipe;
a porous media core; and
a plurality of low-pressure pipes of different lengths,
wherein the shell is in a closed cylinder shape and is provided with an inlet end and an expansion end,
the inlet pipe is arranged on the end surface of the inlet end of the shell, the outlet pipe is arranged on the side wall of the outlet end of the shell, the outlet pipe and the inlet pipe are respectively communicated with the shell,
a baffle plate is arranged in the shell and positioned between the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe,
the porous medium core body is in a cylindrical shape, the shape of the porous medium core body is matched with the inner wall of the shell, the porous medium core body is arranged in the shell and positioned between the outlet pipe and the end surface of the expansion end,
the capacity expansion end face, the inner wall of the shell and the porous medium core body form a capacity expansion cavity,
the baffle plate, the inner wall of the shell and the porous medium core form an outlet cavity,
the baffle plate, the inner wall of the shell and the end face of the inlet end form an inlet cavity,
the low-pressure pipes with different lengths are divided into N groups according to length, the pipe diameters of the low-pressure pipes are in direct proportion to the lengths,
the plurality of low pressure tubes in each group have the same length,
n groups of low-pressure pipes are respectively arranged in the porous medium core body in parallel,
one end of any group of the low-pressure pipes is communicated with the inlet cavity, the other end of the low-pressure pipes is communicated with the expansion cavity,
one end of the low-pressure pipe of the N-1 group is communicated with the inlet cavity, the other end is positioned in the porous medium core body,
in the N-1 group, the distances between the end parts of the low-pressure pipes of different groups, which are positioned in the porous medium core body, and the end surfaces of the expansion ends are different.
2. The multi-stage porous micro-channel throttling refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein:
wherein, a plurality of outlet pipes are respectively uniformly arranged on the side wall of the shell in a surrounding way.
3. The multi-stage porous micro-channel throttling refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein:
wherein the outlet pipes are arranged perpendicular to the side wall of the shell, and the number of the outlet pipes is 4.
4. The multi-stage porous micro-channel throttling refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein:
the low-pressure pipes are arranged in parallel to the axis of the shell and are uniformly arranged in the porous medium core body around the axis of the shell respectively.
5. The multi-stage porous micro-channel throttling refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein:
the outer diameter of the partition board is matched with the inner wall of the shell, and the partition board is perpendicular to the axis of the shell.
6. The multi-stage porous micro-channel throttling refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein:
wherein, the porous medium core body is made of foam metal material.
7. The multi-stage porous micro-channel throttling refrigerator according to claim 6, wherein:
wherein the porosity of the porous media core is greater than 90%.
8. The multi-stage porous micro-channel throttling refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein:
the end face of the expansion end is made of stainless steel materials.
9. The multi-stage porous micro-channel throttling refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein:
the cross section of the low-pressure pipe is any one of a circle, a rectangle, a triangle, a pentagon and a hexagon.
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| CN111256095B (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2021-03-30 | 西安交通大学 | Method for manufacturing printed circuit board type steam generator and steam generator manufactured by same |
| CN115388571B (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2024-02-23 | 武汉高芯科技有限公司 | Large-cooling-capacity ultra-miniature throttling refrigerator and refrigerating process thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20240116 Address after: No. 61 Jianmei, Jianmei Village, Shajian Town, Hua'an County, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province, 363800 Patentee after: Yang Wenchao Address before: 200093 No. 516, military road, Shanghai, Yangpu District Patentee before: University of Shanghai for Science and Technology |