CN103421999A - Rare earth-contained heat-resistant magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Rare earth-contained heat-resistant magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rare earth-contained heat-resistant magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof, belongs to the technical field of magnesium alloy preparation. The heat-resistant magnesium alloy disclosed by the invention comprises the following materials by weight: 2 to 8 percent of Sm, 0.5 to 6 percent of Gd, 0.1 to 2 percent of Zn, 0.1 to 1.5 percent of Zr, and Mg and inevitable impurity elements in balancing amount, wherein the total weight of the impurity elements is equal to or smaller than 0.02 percent. By adding ally elements (Sm, Gd and Zn) to replace Y and Nd of WE series alloies, and adjusting corresponding heat treatment processes to ensure that the prepared magnesium alloy has excellent indoor temperature intensity, high-temperature strength and plasticity, the indoor temperature intensity, high-temperature strength and plasticity of the magnesium alloy prepared according to the preparation method are more excellent than those of the conventional WE series commercial magnesium alloies; the preparation method of the magnesium alloy prepared according to the preparation method is lower than that of the conventional WE series commercial magnesium alloies. The process is simple; industrialized application is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of heat resistance magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof, be specifically related to a kind of low cost and contain heat resistance magnesium alloy of rare earth zincification and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Undercapacity and thermotolerance be not good has hindered the paces that magnesium alloy replaces the materials such as aluminium alloy in aerospace, military project and other industry.Rare earth element, owing to having unique configuration of extra-nuclear electron, shows unique character, can purify alloy melt in metallurgical process, improve alloy structure, improve Alloy At Room Temperature and mechanical behavior under high temperature and enhancing alloy corrosion resistance.WE43 alloy (3.7～4.3%Y, 2.4～4.4%Nd, 0.4%Zr, surplus Mg) its use temperature under the prerequisite of guaranteed performance can reach 200 ℃, and after T6 processes, room temperature tensile strength is 250MPa, and yield strength is 178MPa, and unit elongation is 7.0%; Tensile strength under 200 ℃ and unit elongation are 211MPa and 11%.But, in its castingprocesses, the easy oxidation of molten state and produce L&S line defect, cause casting technique harsher and increase cost.Its deficiency of above-mentioned alloy is, lower room-temperature mechanical property has limited the widespread use of WE43 alloy.The WE43 alloy, after T6 processes, is separated out β ' and thick β in matrix
1Phase, be shown in accompanying drawing 1, due to β
1The appearance of phase causes the mechanical property of alloy to reduce.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art, a kind of intensity is high and plasticity is good heat resistance magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof that has concurrently is proposed, replace Y, the Nd in the WE series alloy by adding alloying element (Sm, Gd, Zn), and adjust corresponding thermal treatment process, the room temperature strength, hot strength and the plasticity that achieve the excellence that heat resistance magnesium alloy need to possess make this type of magnesium alloy have mechanical property and the lower cost of alloy such as the room temperature strength more superior than traditional WE series business magnesium alloy, hot strength.
Of the present invention a kind of containing Heat Resistant Rare Earth-magnesium Alloy, its component comprises by percentage to the quality:
Sm2%-8%；
Gd0.5%-6%；
Zn0.1%-2%；
Zr0.1%-1.5%；
All the other are Mg and inevitable impurity element; The ratio of impurity element total mass and alloy total mass≤0.02%.
Of the present invention a kind of containing Heat Resistant Rare Earth-magnesium Alloy, its component comprises by percentage to the quality:
Sm3%-6%；
Gd2%-5%；
Zn0.1%-2%；
Zr0.1%-1.5%；
All the other are Mg and inevitable impurity element; The ratio of impurity element total mass and alloy total mass≤0.02%; Impurity element comprises Fe, Cu, Ni; The ratio of the quality of Fe and alloy total mass≤0.005% wherein, the ratio of the quality of Cu and alloy total mass≤0.01%, the ratio of the quality of Ni and alloy total mass≤0.001%.The corrosion resisting property of alloy significantly reduces along with the increase of magazine content.
A kind of preparation method containing Heat Resistant Rare Earth-magnesium Alloy of the present invention, comprise the steps:
The step 1 batching
Join and get magnesium ingot, zinc ingot metal, Mg-Sm master alloy, Mg-Gd master alloy, Mg-Zr master alloy as starting material by the alloy compositions proportioning of design;
The step 2 founding
Under shielding gas, magnesium ingot is added to heat fused in smelting furnace, be warming up to 680～720 ℃ and add zinc ingot metal; after stirring fusing, be warming up to 720～740 ℃, in magnesium liquid, add successively Mg-Sm and Mg-Gd master alloy; be warming up to 760～780 ℃ of insulations after fusing, add the Mg-Zr master alloy, after fusing; be warming up to 780～800 ℃, after samming, be cooled to 740～760 ℃; be incubated refining; then, standingly be cooled to 700～740 ℃ and cast, obtain magnesium-rare earth alloy ingot casting base.
A kind of preparation method containing Heat Resistant Rare Earth-magnesium Alloy of the present invention, the starting material of each component of alloy in air furnace dry 2～4 hours, described drying temperature is 180～220 ℃.
A kind of preparation method containing Heat Resistant Rare Earth-magnesium Alloy of the present invention, smelting furnace is electrical crucible.
A kind of preparation method containing Heat Resistant Rare Earth-magnesium Alloy of the present invention, when the magnesium liquid temp reaches 680～720 ℃, add zinc ingot metal, stirs fusing.
A kind of preparation method containing Heat Resistant Rare Earth-magnesium Alloy of the present invention, the purity of magnesium ingot >=99.99%, the purity of zinc ingot metal >=99.99%, the foreign matter content of Mg-Sm, Mg-Gd and Mg-Zr master alloy is not higher than 0.1%.
A kind of preparation method containing Heat Resistant Rare Earth-magnesium Alloy of the present invention, after the Mg-Zr master alloy adds, is 15～30min in the time of 780～800 ℃ of sammings; Refining temperature is 740～760 ℃, and refining time is 5～10min.
A kind of preparation method containing Heat Resistant Rare Earth-magnesium Alloy of the present invention, the standing time is 15～30min.
A kind of preparation method containing Heat Resistant Rare Earth-magnesium Alloy of the present invention, shielding gas described in step 2 is SF
6And CO
2Mixed gas; Its volume ratio is 1:90-105, and the flow of shielding gas is 10mL/s.
A kind of preparation method containing Heat Resistant Rare Earth-magnesium Alloy of the present invention, the magnesium-rare earth alloy ingot blank is placed in immediately 70～80 ℃ of hot water and is quenched after 480～550 ℃ of insulation 4～24h carry out solution treatment, be incubated 8～36h in air furnace, aging temperature is 175～250 ℃ again.
Principle and advantage
At eutectic temperature, rare earth Gd and the Sm maximum solid solution degree in magnesium is 23.3wt.% and 5.8wt.%, be greater than respectively the 12.0wt.% of Y and the 3.6wt.% of Nd, and its solid solubility significantly descends along with the reduction of temperature, therefore Mg-Gd, Mg-Sm binary alloy are heat-treatable strengthened magnesium alloy, may produce respectively the solution strengthening better than Y, Nd and ageing strengthening effect, obtain better comprehensive mechanical property.The present invention is usingd Mg, Sm as basal component, after adding the Zn element, can utilize the rich Zn rare earth compound pinning crystal boundary of generation on the one hand, bear part load and improve high-temperature behavior, separate out but also the aging response speed that can accelerate alloy is alloy substrate β ' the phase that more disperses distribute, see accompanying drawing 2.Because β ' has semicoherent interface with the Mg matrix, thus at high temperature contribute to suppress the matrix distortion, thus improve the thermotolerance of alloy.Add the Gd element, solid solution, in magnesium matrix, has improved the effect of Sm element solid solution and ageing strengthening, and adding Zr is for the refinement alloy grain, further improves the mechanical property of alloy, thereby can obtain comparatively excellent over-all properties.
In a word, compared with prior art, the present invention has that technique is simple, composition is reasonable, and prepared has excellent mechanical property containing Heat Resistant Rare Earth-magnesium Alloy.Because the density (7.54g/cm of Sm
3) than Gd (7.89g/cm
3) little, addition is also low than general Mg-Gd-Y system (addition 10% left and right of Gd), so cost of alloy of the present invention is cheaper and have good plasticity and an excellent hot strength.Take the Mg-4Sm-4Gd-0.5Zn-0.5Zr(weight percent) be example, under as cast condition, its tensile strength and unit elongation are respectively 238.6MPa and 5.3%, the alloy that founding is obtained carries out 530 ℃, after the solution treatment of 16h (being called for short T4), room temperature tensile strength and unit elongation are respectively 256.7MPa and 8.5%, carry out again 225 ℃ after above-mentioned solution treatment, the ageing treatment of 24h, room temperature tensile strength and unit elongation are respectively 310.4MPa and 4.8%, and the room temperature tensile strength with respect to the WE43 alloy after T6 processes has improved 60.4Mpa; The tensile strength that its high temperature is 200 ℃ is up to 278MPa, and the tensile strength that the high temperature with respect to the WE43 alloy after T6 processes is 200 ℃ has improved 67Mpa.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 2 is the transmission electron microscope picture of the prepared magnesium-rare earth alloy of example 2 after T6 processes;
In Fig. 1,1 is thick β 1 phase, and 2 is tiny β ' phase; The WE43 alloy, after T6 processes, is separated out β ' and thick β 1 phase in matrix as can be seen from Figure 1.
In Fig. 2,2 is tiny β ' phase; The prepared magnesium-rare earth alloy of embodiment 2 β ' that alloy substrate is separated out after T6 processes is mutually disperse and is uniformly distributed as can be seen from Figure 2.
Embodiment
Below embodiments of the invention are elaborated: the present embodiment is implemented take technical solution of the present invention under prerequisite, provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
The foreign matter content of the purity of the purity of the magnesium ingot adopted in embodiment >=99.99%, zinc ingot metal >=99.99%, Mg-Sm, Mg-Gd and Mg-Zr master alloy is not all higher than 0.1wt%.
Embodiment 1:
Alloying constituent (weight percent): 3%Sm, 2%Gd, 0.5%Zn, 0.5%Zr, impurity element is less than 0.02%, and all the other are Mg.
The melting technology of this alloy is: according to the mentioned component alloyage, and in the baking oven of 180 ℃, that raw material is fully dry, add pure magnesium in electrical crucible, adopt SF simultaneously
6And CO
2Mixed gas (1:95) protected, after magnesium ingot melts fully, under 680 ℃, add industrial-purity zinc, after stirring fusing; Add the Mg-Sm master alloy in magnesium liquid after the magnesium liquid temp reaches 720 ℃, add again the Mg-Gd master alloy when magnesium liquid temp goes back up to 720 ℃ after the Mg-Sm fusing; Add the Mg-Zr master alloy after the magnesium liquid temp is risen to 780 ℃, stir 2min it is fully melted; Be warming up to 790 ℃ and be incubated 15min after be cooled to 760 ℃, refining 5min, standing after refining, time of repose is controlled between 30min, skim surface scum and cast after magnesium liquid is cooled to 730 ℃, casting is heated to 200 ℃ in advance with steel die, obtains the magnesium-rare earth alloy ingot blank.
The alloy that founding is obtained carries out 530 ℃, after the solution treatment of 4h (being called for short T4) or T4 process, is placed in immediately 80 ℃ of hot water and is quenched, then carry out 200 ℃, the ageing treatment of 24h (being called for short T6).Finally can obtain having concurrently the heat-resisting Mg-3Sm-2Gd-0.5Zn-0.5Zr alloy of high strength and good plasticity.
The alloy of the present embodiment, under as cast condition, its room temperature tensile strength and unit elongation are respectively 212.9MPa and 6.7%, and after T4 processes, room temperature tensile strength and unit elongation are respectively 227MPa and 10.6%, after T6 processes, room temperature tensile strength and unit elongation are respectively 268.1MPa and 8.9%; Room temperature tensile strength with respect to the WE43 alloy after T6 processes has improved 18.1Mpa, and unit elongation also has obvious lifting.
The alloy of the present embodiment, after T6 processes, the tensile strength of 200 ℃ of tests of high temperature is 225MPa; The tensile strength that high temperature with respect to the WE43 alloy after T6 processes is 200 ℃ has improved 14Mpa.
Embodiment 2:
Alloying constituent (weight percent): 4%Sm, 4%Gd, 0.5%Zn, 0.5%Zr, impurity element is less than 0.02%, and all the other are Mg.
The melting technology of this alloy is: according to the mentioned component alloyage, and in the baking oven of 200 ℃, that raw material is fully dry, add pure magnesium in electrical crucible, adopt SF simultaneously
6And CO
2Mixed gas (1:100) protected, after magnesium ingot melts fully, under 700 ℃, add industrial-purity zinc, after stirring fusing; Add the Mg-Sm master alloy in magnesium liquid after the magnesium liquid temp reaches 720 ℃, add again the Mg-Gd master alloy when magnesium liquid temp goes back up to 720 ℃ after the Mg-Sm fusing; Add the Mg-Zr master alloy after the magnesium liquid temp is risen to 760 ℃, stir 2min it is fully melted; Be warming up to 800 ℃ and be incubated 20min after be cooled to 740 ℃, refining 10min, standing after refining, time of repose is controlled between 30min, skim surface scum and cast after magnesium liquid is cooled to 700 ℃, casting is heated to 200 ℃ in advance with steel die, obtains the magnesium-rare earth alloy ingot blank.
The alloy that founding is obtained carries out 550 ℃, after the solution treatment of 16h (being called for short T4) or T4 process, is placed in immediately 75 ℃ of hot water and is quenched, then carry out 225 ℃, the ageing treatment of 24h (being called for short T6).Finally can obtain having concurrently the heat-resisting Mg-4Sm-4Gd-0.5Zn-0.5Zr alloy of high strength and good plasticity, its transmission electron microscope picture is shown in Fig. 2.
The alloy of the present embodiment, under as cast condition, its room temperature tensile strength and unit elongation are respectively 238.6MPa and 5.3%, and after T4 processes, room temperature tensile strength and unit elongation are respectively 256.7MPa and 8.5%, after T6 processes, room temperature tensile strength and unit elongation are respectively 310.4MPa and 4.8%; Room temperature tensile strength with respect to the WE43 alloy after T6 processes has improved 60.4Mpa.
The alloy of the present embodiment, after T6 processes, the tensile strength of 200 ℃ of tests of high temperature is up to 278MPa; The tensile strength that high temperature with respect to the WE43 alloy after T6 processes is 200 ℃ has improved 67Mpa.
Example 3:
Alloying constituent (weight percent):: 5%Sm, 5%Gd, 1%Zn, 0.5%Zr, impurity element is less than 0.02%, and all the other are Mg.
The melting technology of this alloy is: according to the mentioned component alloyage, and in the baking oven of 220 ℃, that raw material is fully dry, add pure magnesium in electrical crucible, adopt SF simultaneously
6And CO
2Mixed gas (1:105) protected, after magnesium ingot melts fully, under 720 ℃, add industrial-purity zinc; Add the Mg-Sm master alloy in magnesium liquid after the magnesium liquid temp reaches 740 ℃, add again the Mg-Gd master alloy when magnesium liquid temp goes back up to 740 ℃ after the Mg-Sm fusing; Add the Mg-Zr master alloy after the magnesium liquid temp is risen to 780 ℃, stir 2min it is fully melted; Be cooled to 750 ℃ after 780 ℃ of insulation 30min, refining 5min, standing after refining, time of repose is controlled between 30min, skim surface scum and cast after magnesium liquid is cooled to 740 ℃, casting is heated to 200 ℃ in advance with steel die, obtains the magnesium-rare earth alloy ingot blank.
The alloy that founding is obtained carries out 480 ℃, after the solution treatment of 24h (being called for short T4) or T4 process, is placed in immediately 70 ℃ of hot water and is quenched, then carry out 250 ℃, the ageing treatment of 36h (being called for short T6).Finally can obtain having concurrently the heat-resisting Mg-5Sm-5Gd-1Zn-0.5Zr alloy of high strength and good plasticity.
The alloy of the present embodiment, under as cast condition, its room temperature tensile strength and unit elongation are respectively 253MPa and 6%, and after T4 processes, room temperature tensile strength and unit elongation are respectively 260MPa and 9%, and after T6 processes, room temperature tensile strength and unit elongation are respectively 301MPa and 3.3%; Room temperature tensile strength with respect to the WE43 alloy after T6 processes has improved 51Mpa.
The alloy of the present embodiment, after T6 processes, the tensile strength of 200 ℃ of tests of high temperature is up to 268MPa; The tensile strength that high temperature with respect to the WE43 alloy after T6 processes is 200 ℃ has improved 57Mpa.
Principal element samarium and the gadolinium that can find out heat resistance magnesium alloy of the present invention from above-mentioned example are the absolute factors that the present invention has the high-strength temperature-resistant performance in 2～8% and 0.5～6% weight ratio scope respectively, when the weight of samarium and gadolinium account for gross weight of the present invention 5～8% the time, the present invention has mechanical property and cost superiority preferably.
It should be noted last that, above example only is illustrative rather than definitive thereof technical scheme of the present invention, although with reference to above-described embodiment, the present invention is had been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: still can modify or be equal to replacement the present invention, and not breaking away from any modification or partial replacement of the spirit and scope of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. one kind contains Heat Resistant Rare Earth-magnesium Alloy, and its component comprises by percentage to the quality:
Sm2%-8%；
Gd0.5%-6%；
Zn0.1%-2%；
Zr0.1%-1.5%；
All the other are Mg and inevitable impurity element; Impurity element total amount≤0.02%.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of containing Heat Resistant Rare Earth-magnesium Alloy, it is characterized in that: its component comprises by percentage to the quality:
Sm3%-6%；
Gd2%-5%；
Zn0.1%-2%；
Zr0.1%-1.5%；
All the other are Mg and inevitable impurity element; Impurity element total amount≤0.02%.
3. one kind prepares the preparation method containing Heat Resistant Rare Earth-magnesium Alloy as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
The step 1 batching
Join and get magnesium ingot, zinc ingot metal, Mg-Sm master alloy, Mg-Gd master alloy, Mg-Zr master alloy as starting material by the alloy compositions proportioning of design;
The step 2 founding
Under shielding gas, magnesium ingot is added to heat fused in smelting furnace, be warming up to 680～720 ℃ and add zinc ingot metal; after stirring fusing, be warming up to 720～740 ℃, in magnesium liquid, add successively Mg-Sm and Mg-Gd master alloy; be warming up to 760～780 ℃ of insulations after fusing, add the Mg-Zr master alloy, after fusing; be warming up to 780～800 ℃, after samming, be cooled to 740～760 ℃; be incubated refining; then, standingly be cooled to 700～740 ℃ and cast, obtain magnesium-rare earth alloy ingot casting base.
4. a kind of preparation method containing Heat Resistant Rare Earth-magnesium Alloy according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the starting material of each component of alloy in air furnace dry 2～4 hours, drying temperature is 180～220 ℃.
5. a kind of preparation method containing Heat Resistant Rare Earth-magnesium Alloy according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: smelting furnace is electrical crucible.
6. a kind of preparation method containing Heat Resistant Rare Earth-magnesium Alloy according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the purity of magnesium ingot >=99.99%, and the purity of zinc ingot metal >=99.99%, the foreign matter content of Mg-Sm, Mg-Gd and Mg-Zr master alloy is not higher than 0.1%.
7. a kind of preparation method containing Heat Resistant Rare Earth-magnesium Alloy according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the samming time is 15～30min; The time of insulation refining is 5～10min.
8. a kind of preparation method containing Heat Resistant Rare Earth-magnesium Alloy according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the standing time is 15～30min.
9. a kind of preparation method containing Heat Resistant Rare Earth-magnesium Alloy according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: shielding gas described in step 2 is SF
6And CO
2Mixed gas; Its volume ratio is 1:95-105.
10. a kind of preparation method containing Heat Resistant Rare Earth-magnesium Alloy according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: magnesium-rare earth alloy ingot casting base is placed in immediately 70～80 ℃ of hot water and is quenched after 480～550 ℃ of insulation 4～24h carry out solution treatment, in 175～250 ℃ of insulation 8～36h of air furnace, carry out ageing treatment again.
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| CN107739938A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-02-27 | 重庆理工大学 | A kind of Mg Sr Mn systems heat resistance magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
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| CN108796328A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-11-13 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | A kind of high-strength heat-resistant rare earth magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
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| CN105463282A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-04-06 | 嘉瑞科技（惠州）有限公司 | Rare earth-magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN107739938A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-02-27 | 重庆理工大学 | A kind of Mg Sr Mn systems heat resistance magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
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