CN110306084B - High-strength low-friction low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength low-friction low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A high-strength low-friction low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof relate to the field of high-silicon aluminum alloy smelting, in particular to a high-strength low-friction low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof. The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing high-silicon aluminum alloy is difficult to carry out industrial smelting. The alloy consists of, by mass, 17-19.5% of Si, 2.9-4% of Cu, 0.37-0.55% of Mg, 0.1-0.3% of Mn, 0.1-0.15% of Fe, 0.1-0.3% of Zn, 0.1-0.5% of Ti, and the balance of Al and other inevitable impurity elements. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, smelting an intermediate alloy; secondly, refining and heating; thirdly, performing two-stage modification treatment; and fourthly, casting. The method is used for preparing the high-strength low-friction low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-silicon aluminum alloy smelting, in particular to a high-strength low-friction low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The high-silicon aluminum alloy has excellent wear resistance, heat resistance and lower thermal expansion coefficient, and is a preferred material for automobile engine pistons. Meanwhile, as the requirements for light weight, energy conservation and high efficiency of automobiles are more urgent, the heart engine as an automobile has very high requirements for comprehensive performance, and the material performance of the piston as a key component is closely related to the service life and energy conservation of the engine.
At present, high-silicon aluminum alloy (the silicon content is more than 17%) has high silicon content, so coarse primary silicon and eutectic silicon phases are easily formed in the casting process, while the existing high-silicon aluminum alloy has more complicated casting process, complex alterant and modification process, and difficult realization of industrial smelting production of the high-silicon aluminum alloy, which is also a main problem encountered in the casting and smelting process of the high-silicon aluminum alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-strength low-friction low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problem that the existing high-silicon aluminum alloy is difficult to carry out industrial smelting.
The high-strength low-friction low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy consists of, by mass, 17-19.5% of Si, 2.9-4% of Cu, 0.37-0.55% of Mg, 0.1-0.3% of Mn, 0.1-0.15% of Fe, 0.1-0.3% of Zn, 0.1-0.5% of Ti, and the balance of Al and other inevitable impurity elements; the total mass of other inevitable impurity elements does not exceed 0.15% of the total mass of the alloy.
The preparation method of the high-strength low-friction low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of:
firstly, smelting an intermediate alloy: preparing materials according to the mass percentage of 17-19.5% of Si, 2.9-4% of Cu, 0.37-0.55% of Mg, 0.1-0.3% of Mn, 0.1-0.15% of Fe, 0.1-0.3% of Zn, 0.1-0.5% of Ti and the balance of Al to obtain a metal to be smelted, wherein each element is provided by a pure aluminum ingot, cathode copper, a pure magnesium ingot, an aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, an aluminum-iron intermediate alloy and an aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy; charging pure aluminum ingots, cathode copper, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum-iron intermediate alloy and aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy into a furnace, setting the furnace gas temperature to 1050-1150 ℃, reducing the furnace temperature from 1050-1150 ℃ to 750-800 ℃ after all the pure aluminum ingots, stirring for three times at the temperature of 750-800 ℃, wherein the stirring time is 10-15 min each time, the stirring interval is 20min, slagging off after the first stirring, and then adding pure magnesium ingots to continue stirring, thereby finally obtaining a melt;
secondly, refining and heating: refining the melt to obtain a refined melt;
third, two-stage modification treatment: after refining, raising the temperature to 810-825 ℃, and performing primary modification treatment at the temperature of 810-825 ℃; then heating the melt to 835-850 ℃ for secondary modification treatment to obtain a modified melt;
fourthly, casting: and (3) introducing the melt subjected to modification treatment into a standing furnace, introducing argon gas for refining for 10-15 min, and adding the melt into a casting disc for casting when the temperature of the melt is stabilized to 750-770 ℃ to obtain the high-strength low-friction low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, by adjusting the content of alloy elements, the novel modifier proportion and the secondary modification process, the size and the form of primary silicon and eutectic silicon in the high-silicon aluminum alloy are effectively controlled, and the novel high-silicon aluminum alloy with excellent comprehensive properties such as high strength, low friction, low expansion and the like is obtained; meanwhile, the alterant has simple components and excellent modification effect, and the modification process is easy to realize industrial production and has obvious economic benefit; the tensile strength of the prepared high-silicon aluminum alloy is more than or equal to 290 MPa; coefficient of thermal expansion less than or equal to 19X 10-6/° c; when the cast iron is rubbed, the friction coefficient is less than 0.38.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic photograph of a high-strength low-friction low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy in example 1.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the high-strength low-friction low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy comprises, by mass, 17-19.5% of Si, 2.9-4% of Cu, 0.37-0.55% of Mg, 0.1-0.3% of Mn, 0.1-0.15% of Fe, 0.1-0.3% of Zn, 0.1-0.5% of Ti, and the balance of Al and other inevitable impurity elements; the total mass of other inevitable impurity elements does not exceed 0.15% of the total mass of the alloy.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the high-strength low-friction low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy consists of 18.6% of Si, 3.5% of Cu, 0.4% of Mg, 0.15% of Mn, 0.12% of Fe, 0.2% of Zn, 0.3% of Ti and the balance of Al and other inevitable impurity elements in percentage by mass; the total mass of other inevitable impurity elements does not exceed 0.15% of the total mass of the alloy. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the sum of the contents of Si and Cu in the high-strength low-friction low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy is more than 20.5 percent. The others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: the sum of the contents of Zn and Ti in the high-strength low-friction low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy is more than 0.4 percent. The rest is the same as one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the preparation method of the high-strength low-friction low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
firstly, smelting an intermediate alloy: preparing materials according to the mass percentage of 17-19.5% of Si, 2.9-4% of Cu, 0.37-0.55% of Mg, 0.1-0.3% of Mn, 0.1-0.15% of Fe, 0.1-0.3% of Zn, 0.1-0.5% of Ti and the balance of Al to obtain a metal to be smelted, wherein each element is provided by a pure aluminum ingot, cathode copper, a pure magnesium ingot, an aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, an aluminum-iron intermediate alloy and an aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy; charging pure aluminum ingots, cathode copper, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum-iron intermediate alloy and aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy into a furnace, setting the furnace gas temperature to 1050-1150 ℃, reducing the furnace temperature from 1050-1150 ℃ to 750-800 ℃ after all the pure aluminum ingots, stirring for three times at the temperature of 750-800 ℃, wherein the stirring time is 10-15 min each time, the stirring interval is 20min, slagging off after the first stirring, and then adding pure magnesium ingots to continue stirring, thereby finally obtaining a melt;
secondly, refining and heating: refining the melt to obtain a refined melt;
third, two-stage modification treatment: after refining, raising the temperature to 810-825 ℃, and performing primary modification treatment at the temperature of 810-825 ℃; then heating the melt to 835-850 ℃ for secondary modification treatment to obtain a modified melt;
fourthly, casting: and (3) introducing the melt subjected to modification treatment into a standing furnace, introducing argon gas for refining for 10-15 min, and adding the melt into a casting disc for casting when the temperature of the melt is stabilized to 750-770 ℃ to obtain the high-strength low-friction low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy.
According to the invention, the first heavy control of the size and the form of primary silicon and eutectic silicon in the alloy is carried out by changing the content of elements in the high-silicon aluminum alloy, wherein the content of silicon and copper is required to be more than 20.5%, and the main purpose is to properly improve the content of copper element, so that more effective copper element can be formed as the core of primary silicon and eutectic silicon crystallization; in addition, the content of zinc and titanium is required to be not less than 0.4%, the main purpose is that zinc and titanium can effectively refine, and the zinc and titanium have obvious refining effect on primary silicon and eutectic silicon.
The main purpose of the two-stage modification treatment in the embodiment is to play the role of different components in the modifier in different modification temperature ranges, wherein the modifier A mainly comprises a mixture of Al-P, ZnS and Re (rare earth), and the contents of the three components are respectively 60-70%, 15-20% and 10-35%. The main components of the alterant B are Al-P, ZnS and Re mixture, and the contents of the three are respectively 10-35%, 15-20% and 60-70%. The primary modification process mainly plays the main modification role of Al-P, the secondary modification process mainly plays the main modification role of Re (rare earth), ZnS is the auxiliary modification role, and primary silicon and eutectic silicon are fine spheres and needles, so that the improvement of the comprehensive performance of the primary silicon and eutectic silicon is facilitated.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the fifth embodiment is different from the fifth embodiment in that: in the second step, the refining is powder injection refining, the refining agent is a sodium-containing refining agent, the content is 0.2%, and the refining time is not less than 10 min. The rest is the same as the fifth embodiment.
The seventh embodiment: the fifth or sixth embodiment is different from the fifth or sixth embodiment in that: and in the third step, the first-stage modification treatment is to add a modifier I, stir for 10-15 min and then keep the temperature for 2-5 h. The other is the same as the fifth or sixth embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the fifth to seventh embodiment modes is that: the modifier I is a mixture of Al-P, ZnS and Re, and the content of the modifier I is 60-70%, 15-20% and 10-35% respectively. The rest is the same as one of the fifth to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the fifth to eighth embodiment in that: and in the third step, the second-stage modification treatment is to add a modifier II, stir for 10-15 min and then keep the temperature for 2-5 h. The rest is the same as the fifth to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the fifth to ninth embodiments in that: the modifier II is a mixture of Al-P, ZnS and Re, and the content of the modifier II is 10-35%, 15-20% and 60-70% respectively. The others are the same as in one of the fifth to ninth embodiments.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
example 1: the preparation method of the high-strength low-friction low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of:
firstly, smelting an intermediate alloy: preparing 17.5% of Si, 3.5% of Cu, 0.45% of Mg, 0.2% of Mn, 0.15% of Fe, 0.2% of Zn, 0.3% of Ti and the balance of Al according to mass percentage to obtain metal to be smelted, wherein each element is provided by a pure aluminum ingot, cathode copper, a pure magnesium ingot, an aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, an aluminum-iron intermediate alloy and an aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy; charging pure aluminum ingots, cathode copper, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum-iron intermediate alloy and aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy into a furnace, setting the temperature of furnace gas to 1050 ℃, reducing the temperature of the furnace from 1050 ℃ to 750 ℃ after the furnace is completely melted, stirring for three times at the temperature of 750 ℃, wherein the stirring time is 15min each time, the stirring interval is 20min, slagging off is carried out after the first stirring, then pure magnesium ingots are added, and stirring is continued, thus obtaining a melt finally;
secondly, refining and heating: refining the melt to obtain a refined melt; the refining is powder injection refining, the refining agent is a sodium-containing refining agent with the content of 0.2 percent, the refining time is not less than 10min, and the temperature is raised to 810 ℃ after refining;
third, two-stage modification treatment: then carrying out first-stage modification treatment when the temperature is raised to 815 ℃; then heating the melt to 835 ℃ for secondary modification treatment to obtain modified melt; the first-stage modification treatment is to add a modifier I, stir for 10min and then keep the temperature for 3 h; the modifier I is a mixture of Al-P, ZnS and Re, and the content of the modifier I is 60-70%, 15-20% and 10-35% respectively; the second-stage modification treatment is to add a modifier II, stir for 15min and then keep the temperature for 5 h; the modifier II is a mixture of Al-P, ZnS and Re, and the content of the modifier II is 10-35%, 15-20% and 60-70% respectively;
fourthly, casting: and (3) introducing the melt subjected to modification treatment into a standing furnace, introducing argon gas for refining for 15min, and adding the melt into a casting disc for casting when the temperature of the melt is stabilized to 770 ℃, so as to obtain the high-strength low-friction low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy. Example 2: the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: in the third step, when the temperature is raised to 825 ℃, primary modification treatment is carried out; then heating the melt to 845 ℃ for secondary modification treatment to obtain modified melt; the first-stage modification treatment is to add a modifier I, stir for 10min and then keep the temperature for 5 h; the modifier I is a mixture of Al-P, ZnS and Re, and the content of the modifier I is 60-70%, 15-20% and 10-35% respectively; the second-stage modification treatment is to add a modifier II, stir for 15min and then keep the temperature for 3 h; the modifier II is a mixture of Al-P, ZnS and Re, and the content of the modifier II is 10-35%, 15-20% and 60-70% respectively;
comparative example 1:
the alloy of example 1 was changed to have a copper content of 2.5%, zinc and titanium contents of 0.15% and 0.2%, respectively, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2:
in the two-stage modification treatment different from example 1, the same modifying agent A was selected as the modifying agent, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
FIG. 1 is a metallographic photograph of the high-strength low-friction low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy in example 1, and it can be seen from the figure that the primary silicon and eutectic silicon in the aluminum alloy are mainly in the form of fine spheres and needles, and the average size is less than 40 μm.
TABLE 1 summary of test results for examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from the comparison of the test data of the above-mentioned example 1 and example 2, the size refinement effect of the primary silicon and the eutectic silicon in the high-silicon aluminum alloy with the components and the content of the invention is very obvious by adopting the preparation method of the invention, the size of the primary silicon and the size of the eutectic silicon are both lower than 40 μm after modification treatment, and the novel aluminum alloy has excellent mechanical properties, which proves that the novel high-silicon aluminum alloy smelting preparation method of the invention is advanced.
From a comparison of the test data of example 1 and comparative example 1 in table 1, it can be seen that: when the sum of the contents of silicon and copper in the alloy is less than 20.5 percent, and the sum of the contents of elements of zinc and titanium is less than 0.4 percent, the sizes of primary silicon and eutectic silicon in the aluminum alloy have obvious refining effect, but the sizes of the primary silicon and the eutectic silicon are not less than 40 mu m, which proves the importance of the proportioning of the alloy elements.
From a comparison of the test data of example 1 and comparative example 2 in table 1, it can be seen that: the method is characterized in that the aluminum alloy is subjected to two-stage modification treatment, but no modifier is used, and the eutectic silicon and the primary silicon are 70-90 mu m in size and still achieve an ideal modification effect, so that the selection of the modifier and modification process parameters in the two-stage modification process have a remarkable influence on the modification effect of the aluminum alloy.
In conclusion, the invention improves the size and shape distribution of primary silicon and eutectic silicon in the high-silicon aluminum alloy by adjusting the content of the alloying elements in the middle of the high-silicon aluminum alloy and adopting the two-stage modification process treatment, the size of the controller is less than 40 mu m, and the novel high-silicon aluminum alloy with excellent comprehensive properties such as high strength, low friction, low expansion and the like is prepared.
Claims (2)
1. A preparation method of a high-strength low-friction low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, smelting an intermediate alloy: preparing materials according to the mass percentage of 17-19.5% of Si, 2.9-4% of Cu, 0.37-0.55% of Mg, 0.1-0.3% of Mn, 0.1-0.15% of Fe, 0.1-0.3% of Zn, 0.1-0.5% of Ti and the balance of Al to obtain a metal to be smelted, wherein each element is provided by a pure aluminum ingot, cathode copper, a pure magnesium ingot, an aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, an aluminum-iron intermediate alloy and an aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy; charging pure aluminum ingots, cathode copper, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum-iron intermediate alloy and aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy into a furnace, setting the furnace gas temperature to 1050-1150 ℃, reducing the furnace temperature from 1050-1150 ℃ to 750-800 ℃ after all the pure aluminum ingots, stirring for three times at the temperature of 750-800 ℃, wherein the stirring time is 10-15 min each time, the stirring interval is 20min, slagging off after the first stirring, and then adding pure magnesium ingots to continue stirring, thereby finally obtaining a melt;
secondly, refining and heating: refining the melt to obtain a refined melt;
third, two-stage modification treatment: after refining, raising the temperature to 810-825 ℃, and performing primary modification treatment at the temperature of 810-825 ℃; then heating the melt to 835-850 ℃ for secondary modification treatment to obtain a modified melt; the first-stage modification treatment is to add a modifier I, stir for 10-15 min and then keep the temperature for 2-5 h; the modifier I is a mixture of Al-P, ZnS and rare earth, and the content of the modifier I is 60-70%, 15-20% and 10-35% respectively; the secondary modification treatment is to add a modifier II, stir for 10-15 min and then keep the temperature for 2-5 h; the modifier II is a mixture of Al-P, ZnS and rare earth, and the contents of the modifier II, the modifier II and the rare earth are respectively 10-35%, 15-20% and 60-70%;
fourthly, casting: and (3) introducing the melt subjected to modification treatment into a standing furnace, introducing argon gas for refining for 10-15 min, and adding the melt into a casting disc for casting when the temperature of the melt is stabilized to 750-770 ℃ to obtain the high-strength low-friction low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy.
2. The method for preparing high-strength low-friction low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the refining in the second step is powder injection refining, the refining agent is a sodium-containing refining agent with the content of 0.2%, and the refining time is not less than 10 min.
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| PE01 | Entry into force of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right |
Denomination of invention: A High Strength Low Friction Low Expansion High Silicon Aluminum Alloy and Its Preparation Method Effective date of registration: 20220923 Granted publication date: 20201020 Pledgee: China Exim Bank Fujian branch Pledgor: FUJIAN XIANGXIN SHARES Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2022350000122 |