Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention be provide for above-mentioned prior art present situation that a kind of overall structure is simple, low cost of manufacture and easily realize the topping machanism of operation.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme: a kind of topping machanism, is characterized in that: this topping machanism includes particulate knife, skiver's station, be positioned at microjet shower nozzle above this workbench and provide the hydraulic means of atomizing of liquids for described microjet shower nozzle; Wherein, do relative rectilinear between described skiver's station and described microjet shower nozzle to move; Described particulate knife includes cutter body and cutter head, be arranged on the outer surface of described cutter body described cutter head evagination, the physical dimension of described cutter head is 10nm ~ 1mm, is provided with the balancing weight that the cutter head on this cutter body can be made to deflect all the time in described cutter body down; Described microjet shower nozzle offers the spray chamber that can be connected with the fluid pipeline of described hydraulic means, the bottom of described spray chamber is provided with jet, this jet forms annular stream, described particulate knife by described annular stream catch, further, the internal diameter that flows of the external diameter of described particulate knife and described annular is suitable.
As preferably, described skiver's station can be set to move linearly, and described microjet shower nozzle is set to maintain static.
Preferred as another, described skiver's station can be set to maintain static, and described microjet shower nozzle is then set to move linearly.
As again one preferably, described skiver's station and microjet shower nozzle can also be set to move linearly along contrary direction simultaneously.
In order to stable annular stream can be formed, and convenient processing and installation simultaneously, as preferably, described microjet shower nozzle includes spray seat and nozzle, described spray seat offers the through hole run through vertically, described nozzle is connected to the bottom of described spray seat, and described nozzle offers multiple jet apertures circumferentially distributed ringwise in the position of the described through hole of correspondence, and the plurality of jet apertures defines described jet.
As another kind of preferred version, the topping machanism of the application can also adopt following structure to realize, it is characterized in that: this topping machanism includes particulate knife, skiver's station, be positioned at microjet shower nozzle above this workbench and provide the hydraulic means of atomizing of liquids for described microjet shower nozzle, wherein, do relative rectilinear between described skiver's station and described microjet shower nozzle to move; Described particulate knife includes cutter body and cutter head, is arranged on the outer surface of described cutter body described cutter head evagination, and the physical dimension of described cutter head is 10nm ~ 1mm; Described microjet shower nozzle offers the spray chamber that can be connected with the fluid pipeline of described hydraulic means, and the bottom of described spray chamber is provided with jet, and this jet forms annular stream, and the external diameter of the internal diameter that described annular flows and described particulate knife is suitable; Further, the center of gravity line of described particulate knife deviates from the center line setting of described annular stream, meets following primary condition between described particulate knife and microjet shower nozzle:
Wherein, in above formula, k is function coefficient; R is that the center of gravity of described particulate knife is to the distance of microjet between this particulate knife application point; ρ is the density of microjet liquid; v
0for microjet is in the speed at the jet place of described microjet shower nozzle; G is acceleration of gravity; H is the height of bottom to microjet and described particulate knife contact point of described microjet shower nozzle; F is confficient of static friction; M is the quality of described particulate knife; θ is that microjet is to the angle between the application point of particulate knife vertical stress component to the line and the vertical direction external diameter of particulate knife in the center of circle.So, when particulate knife rotates, workbench can be allowed to do rectilinear motion relative to microjet shower nozzle simultaneously, thus realize machining by particulate knife rotation.
As preferably, described skiver's station can move linearly, and described microjet shower nozzle maintains static.
Preferred as another, described skiver's station can maintain static, and described microjet shower nozzle moves linearly.
As again one preferably, described skiver's station and microjet shower nozzle can also be set to move linearly along contrary direction simultaneously.
As preferably, described microjet shower nozzle includes spray seat and nozzle, described spray seat offers the through hole run through vertically, described nozzle is connected to the bottom of described spray seat, described nozzle offers multiple jet apertures circumferentially distributed ringwise in the position of the described through hole of correspondence, and the plurality of jet apertures defines described jet.The said structure of microjet shower nozzle facilitates processing on the one hand and installs, and can make on the other hand to form stable annular stream from jet jetting fluid out, ensures job stability and the machining accuracy of particulate knife.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: first, the cutting edge on particulate knife cutter head is superfine, reaches micron order or nanoscale, can realize nano level machining; Secondly, cause (microjet) rotary actuation particulate knife by water or fix " clamping down on " particulate knife and carry out micro-cutting, particulate knife does not need to be arranged on the rotary actuation by main shaft on lathe as conventional tool, and make topping machanism not need main shaft, overall structure is simpler; In addition, miniflow bundle has taken away the heat produced in working angles in time, substantially reduce the inhomogeneous deformation field that coupling thermal and mechanical effect produces, reduce the dimensional effect of micro-cutting deformed area, non-homogeneous strain, dislocation etc. to impacts such as detrusion stress and detrusions, ensure that quality and the operating efficiency of micro-cutting, is a kind of novel micro-cutting processing mode.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
The present embodiment relates to a kind of micro-cutting technology, different from conventional cutting, when micro-cutting, the depth of cut is generally micron order to nanoscale, and the grain size of general material is several microns, this just means that micro-cutting carries out at intra-die, working angles is cutting crystal grain one by one, this certainly will cause the cutting stress in unit are sharply to increase, thus great heat is produced in the unit are of cutting edge, the temperature at point of a knife place is raised, is in high temperature, heavily stressed duty.
In order to solve the problem in above-mentioned Micro cutting Process, as shown in Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 8, the present embodiment proposes a kind of novel topping machanism, this topping machanism includes particulate knife, skiver's station 3, be positioned at microjet shower nozzle 4 above this workbench 3 and provide the hydraulic means of atomizing of liquids for microjet shower nozzle 4, microjet shower nozzle 4 offers spray chamber, the top of spray chamber is provided with liquid inlet, the fluid pipeline of liquid inlet connecting fluid pressure device, the bottom of spray chamber is provided with jet, this jet forms annular stream, the internal diameter that the external diameter of particulate knife 1 and this annular flow is suitable, microjet shower nozzle 4 includes spray seat 41 and nozzle 42, and spray seat 41 offers the through hole 411 run through vertically, and nozzle 42 is connected to the bottom of spray seat 41, and nozzle 42 offers multiple jet apertures 421 circumferentially distributed ringwise in the position of corresponding through hole.
The topping machanism of the present embodiment adopts particulate knife to be that cutter carries out machining, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, this particulate knife 1 includes cutter body 11 and cutter head 12, and cutter head 12, in spur shape, the outer surface of cutter body 11 can be provided with one or more cutter head 12 spaced apart; The physical dimension of cutter body 11 is traditionally arranged to be grade or micron order, as preferably, can select size range between 20 μm ~ 10mm, be arranged on the outer surface of cutter body 11 cutter head 12 evagination, the physical dimension of cutter head 12 is less than the physical dimension of cutter body 11, and the physical dimension scope of cutter head 12 is at the micron order of 10nm ~ 1mm or nanoscale.The cutter body of the present embodiment particulate knife can be regular solid geometry shape and structure, as spherical or oval etc.; The cutter body of the present embodiment particulate knife also can be other solid geometry shapes irregular, and cutter body 1 ' is namely in irregular crystal structure as shown in Figure 8.
Wherein, particulate knife 1, following several motion mode between microjet shower nozzle 4 and skiver's station 3, can be had: the first, microjet shower nozzle 4 is for being fixedly installed, and particulate knife 1 is fixedly placed in microjet shower nozzle 4, and skiver's station 3 can move linearly relative to microjet shower nozzle 4; The second, skiver's station 3 is for being fixedly installed, and particulate knife 1 is fixedly placed in microjet shower nozzle 4, and microjet is met and discussed and 4 can be moved linearly relative to skiver's station 3; The third, particulate knife 1 is fixedly placed in microjet shower nozzle 4, and microjet shower nozzle 4 and skiver's station 3 move linearly simultaneously in opposite direction; 4th kind, skiver's station 3 is for being fixedly installed, and particulate knife 1 rotates, and microjet shower nozzle 4 moves linearly; 5th kind, particulate knife 1 rotates, and microjet shower nozzle 4 is fixedly installed, and skiver's station 3 can move linearly relative to microjet shower nozzle 4; 6th kind, particulate knife 1 rotates, and microjet shower nozzle 4 and skiver's station 3 move linearly simultaneously in opposite direction.
When employing above-mentioned the first, when the second and the third motion mode, balancing weight 2 is provided with in the cutter body 11 of particulate knife, this balancing weight 2 can make the deflection down all the time of the cutter head 12 on cutter body 11 and contact with machining face, during work, take liquid as medium, the nozzle of microjet shower nozzle forms annular stream, this annular stream acts on the surface of particulate knife, inside horizontal component and downward vertical stress component is created on particulate knife surface, inside horizontal component has " clamping down on " effect to particulate knife, can as tweezers firmly " pincers " be firmly positioned at the particulate knife below microjet shower nozzle, downward vertical stress component and balancing weight acting in conjunction, in particulate knife, make cutter head 12 all the time down, when skiver's station and the generation relative motion of microjet shower nozzle, can realize the cutting to workpiece.
When above-mentioned 4th kind of employing, 5th kind and the 6th kind of motion mode time, realize the rotation of particulate knife in flow of water trap, particulate knife must be subject to the effect of a torque, for this reason, particulate knife can be placed in material surface to be processed, the symmetrical center line of water jet departs from the centre of gyration of particulate knife, remain that a part for particulate knife contacts with water jets bundle, another part does not contact, contact portion is called active region by us, active region is subject to the pressure effect of water bundle, the region do not contacted is not stressed effect, pressure is zero, due to the existence of pressure reduction, just turning moment is created, particulate knife is made to be provided with the possibility of rotation, when center of gravity line and the jet-core region line overlap of particulate knife, and when jet is equal with the contact area of particulate knife center of gravity line both sides, because pressure is symmetrical, can not produce net torque to particulate knife, particulate knife can not rotate in flow of water trap, when particulate knife center of gravity line and jet-core region line are not overlapping, namely the center of gravity line of particulate knife departs from the center line setting of microjet shower nozzle, there is pressure differential in the particulate knife both sides in flow of water trap, pressure differential produces turning moment in particulate knife, and particulate knife just can rotate around its axis.So the effect of particulate knife torque suspension rotates, and when microjet shower nozzle moves horizontally simultaneously, particulate knife particulate knife just can move and rotate, and completes the cutting to workpiece by workbench and the relative motion therebetween of microjet shower nozzle.
Particularly, when particulate knife 1 and skiver's station 3 adopt the 4th kind, the 5th kind and the 6th kind of working method, the rotation of particulate knife be realized, between particulate knife and microjet shower nozzle, go back the following primary condition of demand fulfillment:
Wherein, in above formula, k is function coefficient; R is that the center of gravity of described particulate knife is to the distance of microjet between this particulate knife application point; ρ is the density of microjet liquid; v
0for microjet is in the speed at the jet place of microjet shower nozzle; G is acceleration of gravity; H is the height of bottom to microjet and particulate knife contact point of microjet shower nozzle; F is confficient of static friction; M is the quality of particulate knife; θ is that microjet is to the angle between the application point of particulate knife vertical stress component to the line and the vertical direction external diameter of particulate knife in the center of circle.
Above-mentioned primary condition is derived by following mechanical analysis and is obtained: setting particulate knife shape is globoid, and getting particulate knife is research object, and force analysis as shown in Figure 4;
Time static, particulate knife is in poised state, by:
:
e=rsinθ (3)
F
f=fF
N(4)
By the moment of momentum theorem:
J α=F
ye-F
fr-F
xrcos θ (5) if particulate knife rotates, then needs α >0, that is:
F
ye-F
fr-F
xformula (2), formula (3), formula (4) are substituted into formula (6) by rcos θ > 0 (6), solve:
If F
yexist, then need sin θ-f > 0, that is:
When f < sin θ (8) particulate knife rotates original state, F
x=0, formula (7) abbreviation is:
When jet impulse particulate knife, as shown in Figure 3, the pressure formed on particulate knife surface is:
As shown in Figure 5, dash area is the maximum effect area of jet to particulate knife, and namely 1/4 sphere, is presented as semicircle in figure, and now, action effect is best.
Suppose that jet is S to the active area of particulate knife, then:
S=kπr
2(11)
Formula (12) is substituted into formula (9):
Formula (13) rotates for particulate knife and carries out the primary condition of machining.
Wherein: π, r, ρ, g, f, m are known, k, v
0, h, θ be change parameter.
Below determine the relation of k and θ.
When jet impulse particulate knife, being projected as of its active area (namely contact with each other area) is arc.Checking in its area S according to rational mechanics teaching material is:
Formula (11) and formula (14) are merged:
Arrange:
K and θ is the variable that is mutually related, relevant with the size of jet, particulate, relative position therebetween etc.Span according to Fig. 4, θ is:
Formula (17) is substituted into formula (16) by 0≤θ < 90 ° (17), and the span obtaining k is:
In sum, particulate knife rotates and the primary condition of carrying out cutting is in 0 < k≤0.5 (18):
Symbolic significance above in the formula of (1) ~ (19) is as follows:
F
xfor liquid is to the horizontal resultant of particulate knife;
F
yfor liquid is to the vertical resultant of particulate knife;
F
ffor the frictional force of particulate knife and work surface;
F
nfor work surface is to the holding power of particulate knife;
F is confficient of static friction;
R is particulate knife radius;
M is particulate knife quality;
G is acceleration of gravity;
E is F
yapplication point is to the horizontal range in the particulate knife center of circle;
J is the rotary inertia of the relative barycenter of particulate knife;
P is the pressure of jet to particulate knife surface;
H is the height to jet and particulate knife contact point bottom shower nozzle;
K is function coefficient;
S is the active area of jet to particulate knife;
ρ is the density of injection liquid;
θ is F
ythe angle of application point and circle center line connecting and vertical direction;
α is angular acceleration;
V
0for jet is in the speed at spray outlet place.
Therefore, as long as keep the existence of turning moment, particulate knife just ceaselessly rotates, and the water like this with regard to achieving particulate knife causes rotation, in other words, the rotation of particulate knife is just as windmill rotation is moved in wind, the pressure of jet acts in particulate knife, can produce turning moment, thus particulate knife is rotated, be similar to wind-force in reality, to the effect of windmill, to have rotated under the effect of " wind " that particulate knife this " windmill " just can produce at water jet; In addition, the direction of rotation of particulate knife depends on its initial position in flow of water trap and the shape (" initial position " refers to that flow of water trap successfully captures the moment of particulate knife, the position of particulate knife in flow of water trap) of particulate knife itself.
Adopt water to cause rotary actuation particulate knife or water to cause and clamp down on particulate knife and carry out micro-cutting, miniflow bundle has taken away the heat produced in working angles in time, substantially reduce the inhomogeneous deformation field that coupling thermal and mechanical effect produces, reduce the impact on detrusion stress and shearing deformation energy such as the dimensional effect of micro-cutting deformed area, non-homogeneous strain, dislocation, improve stock-removing efficiency and quality.
In practical work process (particulate knife is rotation mode), we can select monocrystalline silicon to be experiment material, adopt the particulate knife 1 of structure spherical in shape as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 to carry out micron respectively and cut and nanometer cutting experiment.Because monocrystalline silicon belongs to fragile material, according to the principle of fracture mechanics, also exist during work brittleness material and crisply mould transformation.Due to the incision of point of a knife, the potential energy of work surface point of a knife place atom is changed, and cause the kinetic energy of silicon atom to increase suddenly, break the arrangement of atom, cause local lattice structure to the phase transformation of disordered state, this disordered state is positioned at below point of a knife front portion, along with cutting direction development, form air pocket in front portion afterwards, this process is the energy drives that can provide by point of a knife place Large strain.When strain energy changes kinetic energy into, hole is expanded, and finally develops into crackle clearly.The chemical reaction of air and crystal can turn increase the kinetic energy of atom, and atomic motion aggravates, and elongated interatomic distance, make Crack Extension, material is peeled off, and forms chip, completes machining.