CN103414181A - Method for designing micro-grid system - Google Patents
Method for designing micro-grid system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for designing a micro-grid system. The method for designing the micro-grid system includes a scheme for designing a micro-grid access distribution network, a scheme for designing a micro-grid network structure and a scheme for designing distributed powers in a micro-grid. As for the scheme for designing the micro-grid access distribution network, the mode is first determined to be either an isolated network mode or a grid connection mode; and a voltage level and an access location of the access distribution network are then determined based on the micro-grid capacity. As for the scheme for designing micro-grid network structure, a mode of power supply is selected as dual power supply or single power supply based on load levels of different users. As for the scheme for designing distributed powers in the micro-grid, types of the distributed powers are selected, forms of renewable energy generation such as wind power, photovoltaic power and the like are preferred choices, cooperative corresponding storage equipment are used; and capacities of the distributed powers are chosen. The invention provides the basis for the construction of the micro-grid system. The micro-grid system is designed based on the actual needs of users, the method is highly practical and costs for the construction of the micro-grid system are reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the electric power system design method, be specifically related to a kind of micro-grid system method for designing.The method is for the construction of micro-electrical network.
Background technology
Requirement along with the exhaustion increasingly of traditional fossil energy and low-carbon (LC), environmental protection, the distributed power generation of clean energy resource has become the current research focus, but the distributed power source direct grid-connected likely causes the problems such as the quality of power supply, electricity net safety stable of electric power system.In order further to improve flexibility, controllability and the economy of power system operation, and meet better the requirements at the higher level of power consumer to the quality of power supply and power supply reliability, the concept of micro-electrical network is arisen at the historic moment.
Micro-grid system is the distributed power source network that a kind of independence is very strong; by energy storage device groups such as photovoltaic generation, wind power generation, fuel gas generation or diesel generation, fuel cell and storage batterys, combined as required; the devices such as access control, protection and metering, form an area autonomy system again.Micro-electric power network technique is intended to flexible, the efficient application that the Distribution network aspect realizes distributed generation technology, solving huge, the various informative distributed power source of quantity is incorporated into the power networks, and by intelligent energy management holding power local optimum and balance, effective reduction system traffic control difficulty, micro-electrical network independent operating also externally continues during electric network fault to the critical load power supply, improves the electricity consumption reliability.Micro-electric power network technique is one of key technology realized the distributed generation system extensive use.
China's seashore line length, island quantity is many, wherein be no lack of the island far away apart from seashore, restricted by geographic factor, each island electrical network does not have and the continent grid network, is difficult to ensure power supply reliability, and the main diesel engine unit that relies on of island power supply is at present powered, not only have problem of environmental pollution, and electricity price is higher.For present situation, on island, build micro-electrical network, utilizing clean regenerative resource is to solve the most effective mode of island electrical problem to load power supply on island.In addition, in remote mountain areas, the multiple occasion such as plateau, large enterprise, city intelligent community can provide clean, reliable electric energy for the user by micro-electrical network.But also there is following problem in the construction for micro-electrical network at present:
1) existing micro-electrical network is to be Scientific Research Service, has many experimental equipments, does not consider practical application request;
2) existing micro-electrical network lacks Techno-Economic Analysis;
3) do not have the engineering promotional value;
4) for the capacity of various distributed power sources in micro-electrical network, determine and often rule of thumb choose, the cost of whole system is higher, and equipment component can't take full advantage of;
5) there is no complete micro-Net Frame of Electric Network and distributed power source design.
In sum, micro-power grid application is lived and also had certain distance to people's routine work.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention, be also there is no the deficiencies such as complete micro-Net Frame of Electric Network and distributed power source design in order to overcome prior art, a kind of micro-grid system method for designing is provided, by the method, can instruct the construction of micro-electrical network, reduce the construction cost of micro-electrical network, the layout of making rational planning for.
Purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of micro-grid system method for designing is characterized in that: comprise the micro-electrical network access of design power distribution network scheme, the micro-electrical network network instruction plan of design and design distributed power source scheme in micro-electrical network;
1) the micro-electrical network access of design power distribution network scheme
At first according to micro-electrical network, whether access power distribution network and determine it is lonely net pattern or grid-connected pattern, while selecting lonely net pattern, micro-electrical network independent operating; While selecting grid-connected pattern, adopt alternating-current direct to connect in succession, connect or access power distribution network through voltage source converter VSC through current source converter (csc) CSC; Then according to micro-net capacity size, determine electric pressure and the on-position of access power distribution network;
2) the micro-electrical network network instruction plan of design
According to bus character, micro-electrical network is divided into to the micro-electrical network of interchange, DC micro-electric net and alternating current-direct current and mixes three kinds, micro-electrical network, according to user's load level, selecting its supply power mode is dual power supply power supply or single power supply, according to micro-electrical network, be that the micro-electrical network of low pressure or the micro-electrical network of middle pressure are selected its mode of connection, the micro-electrical network of described middle pressure is divided into the micro-electrical network of some sons, and adopts the overhead transmission line network connection to mix and coordinate with the cable line network connection;
3) distributed power source scheme in the micro-electrical network of design
Select the type of distributed power source, under the prerequisite that meets micro-electricity net safety stable and the quality of power supply, preferentially select the renewable energy power generation form, and be equipped with and the corresponding energy storage device of described renewable energy power generation; Select the capacity of distributed power source, determine according to micro-grid system supply and demand present situation, load growth prediction and plan for land project development condition, and when the lonely network operation of micro-electrical network, guarantee the reliable power supply of firsts and seconds load.
Further scheme of the present invention: described grid-connected pattern refers to micro-electrical network and the electrical network paired running of being powered by large unit, namely with described power distribution network by large unit power supply, on major loop, has electrical connection; Micro-electrical network is incorporated into the power networks and is divided into and commonly grid-connectedly and grid-connected does not surf the Net two kinds according to the Power Exchange mode, common grid-connected in micro-electrical network to electrical network, carry surplus power, grid-connected do not surf the Net in the power of micro-electrical network unit do not send outside, namely points of common connection PCC place power flow direction only flows to micro-electrical network user from the electrical network by large unit power supply.
Further scheme of the present invention: design the electric pressure of determining the access power distribution network described in micro-electrical network access power distribution network scheme according to micro-net capacity size, refer to: micro-electrical network access 380V power distribution network that 200kW is following, micro-electrical network access l0kV power distribution network or the following power distribution network of l0kV of 200～6000kW, capacity are greater than micro-electrical network access above power distribution network of l0kV of 6000kW or by the setting capacity, determine the electric pressure of access; The position of micro-electrical network access power distribution network, the following micro-electrical network of 200kW directly accesses the 380V distribution feeder nearby, and 200kW and above micro-electrical network need to access the above high pressure distribution of l0kV, and on-position comprises transformer station high-pressure side, low-pressure side.
Further scheme of the present invention: during the position of the high pressure distribution that described micro-electrical network access l0kV is above, meet following condition: 1. effective Change Power and can guarantee the safe and stable operation of electrical network; 2. when points of common connection PCC place is incorporated to more than one power supply, should totally consider the impact of power supply, in micro-electrical network, the power supply total capacity in principle should not be over 25% of peak load in upper level transformer-supplied zone; 3. in micro-electrical network, the short circuit current of power grid point is more than or equal to 10 with the ratio of micro-electric network source rated current.
Further scheme of the present invention: the micro-electrical network of described interchange refers to each distributed power source and the common ac bus of load access, and DC power supply accesses by inverter, the DC load of communication electricity consumption by commutation system from the AC system power taking; Described DC micro-electric net refers to that micro-grid system, based on a DC bus construction, is connected with AC power by a unified inverter, and the AC load in system is connected with DC bus by inversion or rectifying installation with power supply; Described alternating current-direct current mixes micro-electrical network and refers to that various micro powers and bus type of attachment are various, usually there will be two buses, an ac bus, a DC bus, each distributed power source and load and access the bus mode and choose and exchange or the direct current mode by its type.
Further scheme of the present invention: the load level of described different user is divided into a stage load user, two stage load users and three stage load users, and the user of a stage load and two stage loads is powered by dual power supply; For the load power supply of particular importance in a stage load, except by the dual power supply power supply, also set up independently emergency power supply; User to three stage loads adopts single power supply; For the asymmetric load user, when three-phase electricity consumption unsymmetrical current surpass the power supply unit rated current 10% the time, adopt high one-level power voltage supply.
Further scheme of the present invention: the micro-electrical network confession under directions electricity of described low pressure radius is no more than 400m, and load is concentrated, and the electrical network that network configuration is fairly simple adopts the cable wiring; The micro-electrical network of described middle pressure is larger because of radius of electricity supply, is divided into the micro-electrical networks of several relatively independent sons (service area);
The micro-electrical network of described every height is divided with standard that can lonely network operation, internal electric source and the balance of load and the power supply reliability of important load while namely considering the lonely network operation of sub micro-electrical network, the micro-electrical network of every height has clear and definite supply district, be not overlapping, and can adjust in good time and optimize according to the development of load; The micro-electrical network of son inside can be divided as required again, forms multistage micro-electrical network.
Further scheme of the present invention: the 10kV circuit in the micro-electrical network of middle pressure meets the requirement of terminal voltage quality, by radius of electricity supply, is divided three classes: the 1.5km of category-A service area, the 2.5km of category-B service area, the C class 4.0km of service area; The method of overhead transmission line network connection: adopt the mode of connection of " three segmentations three contacts " for A, category-B service area, the arranging according to network connection and the corresponding change of load variations of waypoint; For C class service area, adopt the connection of ring power network mode of open loop operation, the initial stage load hour, adopts the single supply trunk formula mode of connection, and along with load growth progressively to the transition of connection of ring power network mode; The method of cable line network connection: 1. when single loop feeder line load current be less than or equal to its safe carrying capacity 50% the time, by two feedback line, form standby each other " 2-1 " Single-ring network wiring; 2. when single feedback line load current be greater than its safe carrying capacity 50% the time, three feedback line can form each other standby " 3-1 " Single-ring network wiring, the load current of every feedback line cable is definite according to actual conditions, and the maximum load electric current is no more than 2/3 of cable security ampacity; 3. at the high load capacity City Regions, feeder cable forms the wiring of " N is standby for ", comprises that " two is standby for one ", " three is standby for one " reach " four supply one standby ", cable in stock circuit on-load not under normal operating mode; 4. in category-A service area, when the power supply reliability requirement is very high, by four telegram in reply cable feeder lines, formed the mode of connection of dual-ring network.
Further scheme of the present invention: the type of described selection distributed power source is also considered following factor,
1. according to actual conditions configuration diesel engine generator or miniature gas turbine;
2. according to the wind energy in project location district, solar energy resources, micro-grid system supply and demand present situation, load growth prediction, wind, light generating on the impact of system and requirement, on the project development condition of impact and the plan for land of engineering cost of electricity-generating, the construction feasibility of demonstration and definite wind, light generating; Abundant, stable at wind energy resources, the wind power concentration grade is at least the zone consideration wind power generation of 2 grades; Abundant, stable at solar energy resources, global solar radiation aboundresources intensity grade is at least the zone consideration construction photovoltaic generation of 4 grades;
3. the type of energy storage device is selected according to the function of energy storage in micro-electrical network, when for peak valley adjusting, system reserve, when less demanding to response speed, selects the energy storage type that energy density is large; When for system power quality quick adjustment, select that instantaneous power is large, the energy storage type of fast response time;
4. micro-electrical network of lonely network operation, or have micro-electrical network of I and II load, the distributed power source that needs configuration to have stable power-supplying ability and well-tuned performance, and distributed power source is arranged near important load.
Further scheme of the present invention: the capacity of described selection distributed power source is also considered following factor:
1. guarantee that the distributed power source total capacity with stable power-supplying ability is greater than the total capacity of firsts and seconds load in microgrid, and consider 15% allowance according to load growth in 5 years prediction.
2. according to the wind energy resources in project location district, micro-grid system supply and demand present situation, load growth prediction, wind power generation on the impact of system and requirement, on the project development condition of impact and the plan for land of engineering cost of electricity-generating, the capacity of demonstration and definite wind power generation, wind power generation total capacity by the micro-electrical network of 380V electric pressure access is no more than 25% of peak load in upper level transformer-supplied zone in principle, the wind power generation total capacity by the micro-electrical network of 10kV electric pressure access be controlled at micro-power network line maximum delivery capacity of accessing 30% in;
3. according to manufacture level, technology maturation degree and the price of wind turbine generator, draft some different single-machine capacity schemes, the wind regime feature of integration project, the mounting condition of wind-powered electricity generation unit and equipment conveying condition, determine the single-machine capacity scope;
4. according to the solar energy resources in project location district, micro-grid system supply and demand present situation, load growth prediction, photovoltaic generation on the impact of system and requirement, on the project development condition of impact and the plan for land of engineering cost of electricity-generating, the capacity of demonstration and definite photovoltaic generation; Photovoltaic generation total capacity by the micro-electrical network of 380V electric pressure access is no more than 25% of peak load in upper level transformer-supplied zone in principle, the photovoltaic generation total capacity by the micro-electrical network of 10kV electric pressure access be controlled at micro-power network line maximum delivery capacity of accessing 30% in;
5. according to micro-grid system supply and demand present situation, load growth prediction, energy storage device on the impact of system and requirement, on the project development condition of impact and the plan for land of engineering cost of electricity-generating, the capacity of demonstration and definite energy storage device, during as system reserve, after preparation time had a power failure according to micro-power grid accident, the time that restores electricity was determined when energy storage device.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1) the invention provides the design of distributed power source in the design of the design of micro-electrical network access power distribution network, micro-electrical network network configuration and micro-electrical network, thereby instruct the construction of micro-grid system, for the construction of micro-grid system provides foundation, and design efficiency and the fail safe of micro-grid system have been improved.
2) the present invention is the micro-grid system that the actual demand according to the user designs, and practical, programming and distribution are reasonable, also reduced the construction cost of micro-grid system.The micro-grid system of construction of the present invention has realized providing for daily life work the purpose of service.
Embodiment:
Below the present invention is further illustrated.
A kind of micro-grid system method for designing, comprise distributed power source design in micro-electrical network access Distribution system design scheme, micro-electrical network network configuration design and micro-electrical network;
1) the micro-electrical network access of design power distribution network scheme
At first according to micro-electrical network, whether access power distribution network and determine it is lonely net pattern or grid-connected pattern, while selecting lonely net pattern, micro-electrical network independent operating; While selecting grid-connected pattern, adopt alternating-current direct to connect in succession, connect or access power distribution network through voltage source converter VSC through current source converter (csc) CSC; Then according to micro-net capacity size, determine electric pressure and the on-position of access power distribution network.
Described lonely net pattern refers to micro-electrical network independent operating, with large electrical network, is not connected, and by control, realizes power-balance and the stable operation of self inside;
Described grid-connected pattern refers to micro-electrical network and the electrical network paired running of being powered by large unit, namely with conventional power distribution network, has electrical connection on major loop; Micro-electrical network is incorporated into the power networks and can be divided into and commonly grid-connectedly and grid-connected surf the Net two kinds according to the Power Exchange mode, common grid-connected micro-electrical network can be carried surplus power to electrical network, grid-connected micro-electrical network of not surfing the Net forbids strictly that the power of micro-electrical network unit sends outside, and namely points of common connection (PCC) is located power flow direction and can only be flowed to micro-electrical network user from electrical network.Grid-connected pattern can be subdivided into again grid-connected online pattern and the grid-connected pattern of not surfing the Net.
The described electric pressure of determining the access power distribution network according to micro-net capacity size, refer to: micro-electrical network access 380V power distribution network that 200kW is following, micro-electrical network access l0kV power distribution network or the following power distribution network of l0kV of 200～6000kW, capacity are greater than micro-electrical network access above power distribution network of l0kV of 6000kW or by the setting capacity, determine the electric pressure of access.
The position of micro-electrical network access power distribution network, the following micro-electrical network of 200kW directly accesses the 380V distribution feeder nearby, and 200kW and above micro-electrical network need to access the above high pressure distribution of l0kV, and on-position comprises transformer station high-pressure side, low-pressure side.
During the position of the high pressure distribution that described micro-electrical network access l0kV is above, meet following condition: 1. effective Change Power and can guarantee the safe and stable operation of electrical network; 2. when points of common connection PCC place is incorporated to more than one power supply, should totally consider the impact of power supply, in micro-electrical network, the power supply total capacity in principle should not be over 25% of peak load in upper level transformer-supplied zone; 3. in micro-electrical network, the short circuit current of power grid point is more than or equal to 10 with the ratio of micro-electric network source rated current.
2) the micro-electrical network network configuration design of design
According to bus character, micro-electrical network is divided into to the micro-electrical network of interchange, DC micro-electric net and alternating current-direct current and mixes three kinds, micro-electrical network, according to user's load level, selecting its supply power mode is dual power supply power supply or single power supply, according to micro-electrical network, be that the micro-electrical network of low pressure or the micro-electrical network of middle pressure are selected its mode of connection, the micro-electrical network of described middle pressure is divided into the micro-electrical network of some sons, and adopts the overhead transmission line network connection to mix and coordinate with the cable line network connection.
Exchange micro-electrical network and refer to each distributed power source and the common ac bus of load access, DC power supply accesses by inverter, and DC power supply comprises: photovoltaic, energy storage etc., the DC load of communication electricity consumption etc. by commutation system from the AC system power taking.The DC micro-electric net refers to that micro-grid system, based on a DC bus construction, is connected with AC power by a unified inverter, and the AC load in system is connected with DC bus by inversion or rectifying installation with power supply.Alternating current-direct current mixes micro-electrical network and refers to that various micro powers and bus type of attachment are various, usually there will be two buses, an ac bus, a DC bus, each distributed power source and load and access the bus mode and choose and exchange or the direct current mode by its type.
The load level of described different user is divided into a stage load user, two stage load users and three stage load users, and the user of a stage load and two stage loads is powered by dual power supply, and when a power supply broke down, another power supply was damaged when different; For the load power supply of particular importance in a stage load, except by the dual power supply power supply, also set up independently emergency power supply; User to three stage loads adopts single power supply; For the asymmetric load user, when three-phase electricity consumption unsymmetrical current surpass the power supply unit rated current 10% the time, adopt high one-level power voltage supply.
The micro-electrical network confession under directions electricity of described low pressure radius is no more than 400m, and load is concentrated, and the electrical network that network configuration is fairly simple adopts the cable wiring; The micro-electrical network of described middle pressure is larger because of radius of electricity supply, is divided into the micro-electrical networks of several relatively independent sons (service area); The micro-electrical network of described every height is divided with standard that can lonely network operation, internal electric source and the balance of load and the power supply reliability of important load while namely considering the lonely network operation of sub micro-electrical network, the micro-electrical network of every height has clear and definite supply district, be not overlapping, and can adjust in good time and optimize according to the development of load; The micro-electrical network of son inside can be divided as required again, forms multistage micro-electrical network.
10kV circuit in the micro-electrical network of middle pressure meets the requirement of terminal voltage quality, by radius of electricity supply, is divided three classes: the 1.5km of category-A service area, the 2.5km of category-B service area, the C class 4.0km of service area;
The method of overhead transmission line network connection: adopt the mode of connection of " three segmentations three contacts " for A, category-B service area, the arranging according to network connection and the corresponding change of load variations of waypoint; For C class service area, adopt the connection of ring power network mode of open loop operation, the initial stage load hour, adopts the single supply trunk formula mode of connection, and along with load growth progressively to the transition of connection of ring power network mode.
The method of cable line network connection: 1. when single loop feeder line load current be less than or equal to its safe carrying capacity 50% the time, by two feedback line, form standby each other " 2-1 " Single-ring network wiring; 2. when single feedback line load current be greater than its safe carrying capacity 50% the time, three feedback line can form each other standby " 3-1 " Single-ring network wiring, the load current of every feedback line cable is definite according to actual conditions, and the maximum load electric current is no more than 2/3 of cable security ampacity; 3. at the high load capacity City Regions, feeder cable forms the wiring of " N is standby for ", comprises that " two is standby for one ", " three is standby for one " reach " four supply one standby ", cable in stock circuit on-load not under normal operating mode; 4. in category-A service area, when the power supply reliability requirement is very high, by four telegram in reply cable feeder lines, formed the mode of connection of dual-ring network.
3) distributed power source scheme in the micro-electrical network of design
Select the type of distributed power source, under the prerequisite that meets micro-electricity net safety stable and the quality of power supply, preferentially select the renewable energy power generation form, regenerative resource refers to wind power generation, photovoltaic generation etc., and is equipped with and the corresponding energy storage device of described renewable energy power generation;
The type of described selection distributed power source is also considered following factor:
1. according to actual conditions also configurable diesel engine generator or miniature gas turbine;
2. according to the wind energy in project location district, solar energy resources, micro-grid system supply and demand present situation, load growth prediction, wind, light generating on the impact of system and requirement, on the project development conditions such as the impact of engineering cost of electricity-generating and plan for land, the construction feasibility of demonstration and definite wind, light generating;
Abundant at wind energy resources, stable, the wind power concentration grade is at least the zone of 2 grades can consider wind power generation;
Abundant at solar energy resources, stable, global solar radiation aboundresources intensity grade is at least the zone of 4 grades can consider to build photovoltaic generation;
3. the type of energy storage device is selected according to the function of energy storage in micro-electrical network, when for peak valley adjusting, system reserve, when less demanding to response speed, selects the energy storage type that energy density is large; When for system power quality quick adjustment, select that instantaneous power is large, the energy storage type of fast response time;
4. micro-electrical network of lonely network operation, or has micro-electrical network of I and II load, the distributed power source that needs configuration diesel engine generator, miniature gas turbine or energy storage device etc. to have stable power-supplying ability and well-tuned performance, and distributed power source is arranged near important load.
Select the capacity of distributed power source, determine according to micro-grid system supply and demand present situation, load growth prediction and plan for land project development condition, and when the lonely network operation of micro-electrical network, guarantee the reliable power supply of firsts and seconds load.The capacity of described selection distributed power source is also considered following factor:
1. guarantee that the distributed power source total capacity that diesel engine generator, miniature gas turbine or energy storage device etc. have a stable power-supplying ability is greater than the total capacity of firsts and seconds load in microgrid, and consider 15% allowance according to load growth in 5 years prediction.
2. according to the wind energy resources in project location district, micro-grid system supply and demand present situation, load growth prediction, wind power generation on the impact of system and requirement, on the project development condition of impact and the plan for land of engineering cost of electricity-generating, the capacity of demonstration and definite wind power generation, wind power generation total capacity by the micro-electrical network of 380V electric pressure access is no more than 25% of peak load in upper level transformer-supplied zone in principle, the wind power generation total capacity by the micro-electrical network of 10kV electric pressure access be controlled at micro-power network line maximum delivery capacity of accessing 30% in;
3. according to manufacture level, technology maturation degree and the price of wind turbine generator, draft some different single-machine capacity schemes, the wind regime feature of integration project, the mounting condition of wind-powered electricity generation unit and equipment conveying condition, determine the single-machine capacity scope;
4. according to the solar energy resources in project location district, micro-grid system supply and demand present situation, load growth prediction, photovoltaic generation on the impact of system and requirement, on the project development condition of impact and the plan for land of engineering cost of electricity-generating, the capacity of demonstration and definite photovoltaic generation; Photovoltaic generation total capacity by the micro-electrical network of 380V electric pressure access is no more than 25% of peak load in upper level transformer-supplied zone in principle, the photovoltaic generation total capacity by the micro-electrical network of 10kV electric pressure access be controlled at micro-power network line maximum delivery capacity of accessing 30% in;
5. according to micro-grid system supply and demand present situation, load growth prediction, energy storage device on the impact of system and requirement, on the project development condition of impact and the plan for land of engineering cost of electricity-generating, the capacity of demonstration and definite energy storage device, during as system reserve, after preparation time had a power failure according to micro-power grid accident, the time that restores electricity was determined when energy storage device.
Claims (10)
1. a micro-grid system method for designing, is characterized in that: comprise the micro-electrical network access of design power distribution network scheme, the micro-electrical network network instruction plan of design and design distributed power source scheme in micro-electrical network;
1) the micro-electrical network access of design power distribution network scheme
At first according to micro-electrical network, whether access power distribution network and determine it is lonely net pattern or grid-connected pattern, while selecting lonely net pattern, micro-electrical network independent operating; While selecting grid-connected pattern, adopt alternating-current direct to connect in succession, connect or access power distribution network through voltage source converter VSC through current source converter (csc) CSC; Then according to micro-net capacity size, determine electric pressure and the on-position of access power distribution network;
2) the micro-electrical network network instruction plan of design
According to bus character, micro-electrical network is divided into to the micro-electrical network of interchange, DC micro-electric net and alternating current-direct current and mixes three kinds, micro-electrical network, according to user's load level, selecting its supply power mode is dual power supply power supply or single power supply, according to micro-electrical network, be that the micro-electrical network of low pressure or the micro-electrical network of middle pressure are selected its mode of connection, the micro-electrical network of described middle pressure is divided into the micro-electrical network of some sons, and adopts the overhead transmission line network connection to mix and coordinate with the cable line network connection;
3) distributed power source scheme in the micro-electrical network of design
Select the type of distributed power source, under the prerequisite that meets micro-electricity net safety stable and the quality of power supply, preferentially select the renewable energy power generation form, and be equipped with and the corresponding energy storage device of described renewable energy power generation; Select the capacity of distributed power source, determine according to micro-grid system supply and demand present situation, load growth prediction and plan for land project development condition, and when the lonely network operation of micro-electrical network, guarantee the reliable power supply of firsts and seconds load.
2. a kind of micro-grid system method for designing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described grid-connected pattern refers to micro-electrical network and electrical network paired running by large unit power supply, namely with described power distribution network by large unit power supply, on major loop, has electrical connection; Micro-electrical network is incorporated into the power networks and is divided into and commonly grid-connectedly and grid-connected does not surf the Net two kinds according to the Power Exchange mode, common grid-connected in micro-electrical network to electrical network, carry surplus power, grid-connected do not surf the Net in the power of micro-electrical network unit do not send outside, namely points of common connection PCC place power flow direction only flows to micro-electrical network user from the electrical network by large unit power supply.
3. a kind of micro-grid system method for designing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: design the electric pressure of determining the access power distribution network described in micro-electrical network access power distribution network scheme according to micro-net capacity size, refer to: micro-electrical network access 380V power distribution network that 200kW is following, micro-electrical network access l0kV power distribution network or the following power distribution network of l0kV of 200～6000kW, capacity is greater than micro-electrical network access above power distribution network of l0kV of 6000kW or by the setting capacity, determines the electric pressure of access: the position of micro-electrical network access power distribution network, the following micro-electrical network of 200kW directly accesses the 380V distribution feeder nearby, 200kW and above micro-electrical network need to access the above high pressure distribution of l0kV, on-position comprises the transformer station high-pressure side, low-pressure side.
4. a kind of micro-grid system method for designing according to claim 3 is characterized in that: during the position of the high pressure distribution that described micro-electrical network access l0kV is above, meet following condition: 1. effective Change Power and can guarantee the safe and stable operation of electrical network; 2. when points of common connection PCC place is incorporated to more than one power supply, should totally consider the impact of power supply, in micro-electrical network, the power supply total capacity in principle should not be over 25% of peak load in upper level transformer-supplied zone; 3. in micro-electrical network, the short circuit current of power grid point is more than or equal to 10 with the ratio of micro-electric network source rated current.
5. a kind of micro-grid system method for designing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the micro-electrical network of described interchange refers to each distributed power source and the common ac bus of load access, DC power supply accesses by inverter, communication electricity consumption DC load by commutation system from the AC system power taking; Described DC micro-electric net refers to that micro-grid system, based on a DC bus construction, is connected with AC power by a unified inverter, and the AC load in system is connected with DC bus by inversion or rectifying installation with power supply; Described alternating current-direct current mixes micro-electrical network and refers to that various micro powers and bus type of attachment are various, usually there will be two buses, an ac bus, a DC bus, each distributed power source and load and access the bus mode and choose and exchange or the direct current mode by its type.
6. a kind of micro-grid system method for designing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described user's load level is divided into a stage load user, two stage load users and three stage load users, the user of a stage load and two stage loads is powered by dual power supply; For the load power supply of particular importance in a stage load, except by the dual power supply power supply, also set up independently emergency power supply; User to three stage loads adopts single power supply; For the asymmetric load user, when three-phase electricity consumption unsymmetrical current surpass the power supply unit rated current 10% the time, adopt high one-level power voltage supply.
7. a kind of micro-grid system method for designing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the micro-electrical network confession under directions electricity of described low pressure radius is no more than 400m, and load is concentrated, and the electrical network that network configuration is fairly simple adopts the cable wiring; The micro-electrical network of described middle pressure is larger because of radius of electricity supply, is divided into the micro-electrical networks of several relatively independent sons (service area);
The micro-electrical network of described every height is divided with standard that can lonely network operation, internal electric source and the balance of load and the power supply reliability of important load while namely considering the lonely network operation of sub micro-electrical network, the micro-electrical network of every height has clear and definite supply district, be not overlapping, and can adjust in good time and optimize according to the development of load; The micro-electrical network of son inside can be divided as required again, forms multistage micro-electrical network.
8. according to the described a kind of micro-grid system method for designing of claim 1 or 7, it is characterized in that: the 10kV circuit in the micro-electrical network of middle pressure meets the requirement of terminal voltage quality, by radius of electricity supply, be divided three classes: the 1.5km of category-A service area, the 2.5km of category-B service area, the C class 4.0km of service area; The method of overhead transmission line network connection: adopt the mode of connection of " three segmentations three contacts " for A, category-B service area, the arranging according to network connection and the corresponding change of load variations of waypoint; For C class service area, adopt the connection of ring power network mode of open loop operation, the initial stage load hour, adopts the single supply trunk formula mode of connection, and along with load growth progressively to the transition of connection of ring power network mode; The method of cable line network connection: 1. when single loop feeder line load current be less than or equal to its safe carrying capacity 50% the time, by two feedback line, form standby each other " 2-1 " Single-ring network wiring; 2. when single feedback line load current be greater than its safe carrying capacity 50% the time, three feedback line can form each other standby " 3-1 " Single-ring network wiring, the load current of every feedback line cable is definite according to actual conditions, and the maximum load electric current is no more than 2/3 of cable security ampacity; 3. at the high load capacity City Regions, feeder cable forms the wiring of " N is standby for ", comprises that " two is standby for one ", " three is standby for one " reach " four supply one standby ", cable in stock circuit on-load not under normal operating mode; 4. in category-A service area, when the power supply reliability requirement is very high, by four telegram in reply cable feeder lines, formed the mode of connection of dual-ring network.
9. a kind of micro-grid system method for designing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the type of described selection distributed power source is also considered following factor,
1. according to actual conditions configuration diesel engine generator or miniature gas turbine;
2. according to the wind energy in project location district, solar energy resources, micro-grid system supply and demand present situation, load growth prediction, wind, light generating on the impact of system and requirement, on the project development condition of impact and the plan for land of engineering cost of electricity-generating, the construction feasibility of demonstration and definite wind, light generating; Abundant, stable at wind energy resources, the wind power concentration grade is at least the zone consideration wind power generation of 2 grades; Abundant, stable at solar energy resources, global solar radiation aboundresources intensity grade is at least the zone consideration construction photovoltaic generation of 4 grades;
3. the type of energy storage device is selected according to the function of energy storage in micro-electrical network, when for peak valley adjusting, system reserve, when less demanding to response speed, selects the energy storage type that energy density is large; When for system power quality quick adjustment, select that instantaneous power is large, the energy storage type of fast response time;
4. micro-electrical network of lonely network operation, or have micro-electrical network of I and II load, the distributed power source that needs configuration to have stable power-supplying ability and well-tuned performance, and distributed power source is arranged near important load.
10. a kind of micro-grid system method for designing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the capacity of described selection distributed power source is also considered following factor:
1. guarantee that the distributed power source total capacity with stable power-supplying ability is greater than the total capacity of firsts and seconds load in microgrid, and consider 15% allowance according to load growth in 5 years prediction.
2. according to the wind energy resources in project location district, micro-grid system supply and demand present situation, load growth prediction, wind power generation on the impact of system and requirement, on the project development condition of impact and the plan for land of engineering cost of electricity-generating, the capacity of demonstration and definite wind power generation, wind power generation total capacity by the micro-electrical network of 380V electric pressure access is no more than 25% of peak load in upper level transformer-supplied zone in principle, the wind power generation total capacity by the micro-electrical network of 10kV electric pressure access be controlled at micro-power network line maximum delivery capacity of accessing 30% in;
3. according to manufacture level, technology maturation degree and the price of wind turbine generator, draft some different single-machine capacity schemes, the wind regime feature of integration project, the mounting condition of wind-powered electricity generation unit and equipment conveying condition, determine the single-machine capacity scope;
4. according to the solar energy resources in project location district, micro-grid system supply and demand present situation, load growth prediction, photovoltaic generation on the impact of system and requirement, on the project development condition of impact and the plan for land of engineering cost of electricity-generating, the capacity of demonstration and definite photovoltaic generation; Photovoltaic generation total capacity by the micro-electrical network of 380V electric pressure access is no more than 25% of peak load in upper level transformer-supplied zone in principle, the photovoltaic generation total capacity by the micro-electrical network of 10kV electric pressure access be controlled at micro-power network line maximum delivery capacity of accessing 30% in;
5. according to micro-grid system supply and demand present situation, load growth prediction, energy storage device on the impact of system and requirement, on the project development condition of impact and the plan for land of engineering cost of electricity-generating, the capacity of demonstration and definite energy storage device, during as system reserve, after preparation time had a power failure according to micro-power grid accident, the time that restores electricity was determined when energy storage device.
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