CN103412104B - Method used for evaluating frangibility of underground water - Google Patents
Method used for evaluating frangibility of underground water Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method used for evaluating frangibility of underground water, and belongs to the field of environmental science and environmental risk. The method is capable of solving a problem that existing evaluation methods of frangibility of underground water are not suitable for the conditions of our country. A technical scheme of the invention comprises following steps: underground water type, frangibility evaluation indexes and parameters are obtained by hole drilling, empirical values or field pumping tests; a weight matrix is built based on the frangibility evaluation indexes, and objective weighted value of each frangibility evaluation index in the weight matrix is obtained respectively; independent evaluation result of each frangibility evaluation index in the weight matrix is obtain respectively; and an underground water frangibility evaluation map is obtained according to the objective weighted values and the independent evaluation results. The method can be used in underground water frangibility evaluation system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental science and environmental risk field, particularly relate to a kind of Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Method.
Background technology
Groundwater resource are the grand strategy resources supporting the sustainable development of socio-economy.Along with Chinese society expanding economy, groundwater environment pressure increases gradually.But, groundwater management basis, the whole nation is quite weak, basic environment situation is unclear, statutory standard is built delayed, supervisory system and is left to be desired, and constitutes a serious threat to China's socio-economic development, application water-rock reactions, becomes the restraining factors of China's economy, society and harmonious development.
To carry out Groundwater Vulnerability evaluation be available protecting groundwater environment and carry out the most important basic measures of groundwater contamination prevention and control, and its evaluation result chooses for groundwater source field and division of protection zones, groundwater contamination prevention and control scheme, regional land use Exploitation policy is formulated, municipal refuse stacks Site Selection, Ground water Quality Survey screen cloth is established all has important directive significance.
But, due to the Groundwater Vulnerability evaluation carried out based on the overlapped index method of DRASTIC model or European model, all set up based on European Characteristics of Karst, be not suitable for China.
Summary of the invention
Embodiments of the invention provide a kind of Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Method, can be applicable to China's underground water.
For achieving the above object, embodiments of the invention adopt following technical scheme:
A kind of Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Method, comprising: obtain groundwater type, Evaluation of vulnerability index and parameter according to boring, empirical value or field bailing test; According to described Evaluation of vulnerability setup measures weight matrix, and obtain the target weight value of each Evaluation of vulnerability index in described weight matrix respectively; Obtain the independent assessment result of each Evaluation of vulnerability index in described weight matrix respectively; Groundwater Vulnerability evaluation map is obtained according to described target weight value and described independent assessment result.
The Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Method that the embodiment of the present invention provides, can according to groundwater type, Evaluation of vulnerability index, determine target weight value and independent assessment result, thus Groundwater Vulnerability evaluation map can be obtained according to target weight value and independent assessment result, realize Groundwater Vulnerability evaluation.This technical scheme solves the Groundwater Vulnerability evaluation owing to carrying out based on the overlapped index method of DRASTIC model or European model in prior art, all sets up based on European Characteristics of Karst, is not suitable for the problem of China.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
The process flow diagram of the Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Method that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention one;
Fig. 2 is for obtaining the process flow diagram of independent assessment result in the Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Method shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is for obtaining the process flow diagram of Groundwater Vulnerability evaluation map in the Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Method shown in Fig. 1;
The process flow diagram of the Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Method that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the present invention two.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain under the prerequisite of not making creative work, all belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Not being suitable for the problem of China for solving the evaluation of prior art Groundwater Vulnerability, the invention provides a kind of Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Method.
Embodiment one:
As shown in Figure 1, the Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Method that the embodiment of the present invention provides, comprising:
Step 101, obtains groundwater type, Evaluation of vulnerability index and parameter according to boring, empirical value or field bailing test.
In the present embodiment, groundwater type in step 101, can comprise: pore ground water, porous confined groundwater or karst water; Evaluation of vulnerability index can comprise: essential vulnerability inder and/or specific vulnerability index; Wherein, essential vulnerability inder comprises: one or more in soil media, groundwater level depth, clean increment, aeration zone viscous soil horizon thickness, infiltration coefficient, water-bearing zone thickness and terrain slope; Specific vulnerability index comprises: one or more in contaminant transportation transformation rule, drainage density, land use pattern and mining of groundwater degree.
Wherein, soil media, aeration zone viscous soil horizon thickness, water-bearing zone thickness etc. can be obtained by bore mode; Can obtain infiltration coefficient etc. by empirical value or field bailing test, this is no longer going to repeat them.
Step 102, according to described Evaluation of vulnerability setup measures weight matrix, and obtains the target weight value of each Evaluation of vulnerability index in weight matrix respectively.
In the present embodiment, the process being obtained the target weight value of each Evaluation of vulnerability index in weight matrix by step 102 respectively can be comprised: the matrix value obtaining weight matrix; Corresponding weighted value is obtained according to matrix value; Weighted value is verified, is verified result; When the result display checking is not passed through, again obtain the matrix value of weight matrix, until the result display is verified; When the result display is verified, the weighted value be verified is set to target weight value.
Wherein, the matrix-valued process obtaining weight matrix can comprise: the Evaluation of vulnerability index in weight matrix compared between two, obtain comparative result; According to the matrix value of comparative result determination weight matrix.Represent the importance of bi to bj with bij, according to the result of study of psychologist, the limit of the qualitative distinctive information grade of people is 7 ± 2.Therefore adopt 1 ~ 9 proportion quotiety rule as shown in table 1.Judgement Matrix has following character: bij>0; Bij=1/bji; During i=j, bij=1.
Rule passed judgment on by table 1
Eigenvalue of maximum characteristic of correspondence vector can be calculated by judgment matrix, this proper vector be this level factor secondary relative to last layer in the relative importance weights value of certain factor.Therefore, obtain corresponding weighted value according to matrix value, can comprise: according to weight matrix and matrix value Judgement Matricies; Calculate the product Mi of each row element of judgment matrix; Calculate the m th Root W ' of Mi
i, m is the line number of judgment matrix; According to W '
iobtain characteristic vector W, W=(W1, W2, W3 ..., Wm),
corresponding weighted value is obtained according to proper vector.Wherein,
(i, j=1,2,3 ..., m);
In the present embodiment, weighted value is verified, can comprise: the Maximum characteristic root λ max obtaining judgment matrix,
(PW) i represents i-th element of vectorial PW,
According to
Weighted value is verified, the general coincident indicator of CR to be the random Consistency Ratio of judgment matrix: CI be judgment matrix; RI is the Aver-age Random Consistency Index of judgment matrix.Wherein, RI can be provided by lot of experiments, and for low order judgment matrix, RI value lists in table 2.
Table 2 Aver-age Random Consistency Index RI(1000 random effect)
| Exponent number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| RI | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.58 | 0.90 | 1.12 | 1.24 | 1.32 | 1.41 | 1.45 | 1.49 |
For the judgment matrix higher than 12 rank, need consult reference materials further or adopt approximation method.When exponent number≤2, matrix always has crash consistency; When exponent number is greater than 2, if CR<0.1, namely artificial judgment matrix has satisfied consistance, and it is rational for illustrating that flexible strategy are distributed; Otherwise, just need to adjust judgment matrix, until obtain satisfied consistance.
Step 103, obtains the independent assessment result of each Evaluation of vulnerability index in weight matrix respectively.
In the present embodiment, Geostatistics analysis Spatial Interpolation Method is divided into inverse distance weighted interpolation method, Kriging regression method etc., for point-like vector data, as groundwater level depth, water-bearing zone thickness etc., carries out interpolation and output grid categorical data to point-like vector data.Heavily classification is carried out to the raster data after interpolation, obtains the raster data of the heavy classification of evaluation index.Process flow diagram can be as shown in Figure 2.
Step 104, obtains Groundwater Vulnerability evaluation map according to target weight value and independent assessment result.
In the present embodiment, respectively each factor of independent assessment result can be multiplied by weighted value, obtain Groundwater Vulnerability evaluation map.After obtaining Groundwater Vulnerability evaluation map, can be 5 regions by equivalent interval division by it: the low district of fragility, the lower district of fragility, the medium district of fragility, the higher district of fragility and fragility height district.Process flow diagram as shown in Figure 3.
In the present embodiment, Groundwater Vulnerability evaluation system is divided into three modules: to guide module, model computation module, modelling verification module.
To guide module: guide user to carry out the setting of a series of model environment parameter.Comprise newly-built, open and hold function.This can guide user to select groundwater type to guide module; And due to underground moisture three class, the Evaluation of vulnerability index that every class underground water is corresponding is different, therefore the evaluation index that three pages are corresponding different can be set; According to the setting of Evaluation of vulnerability index, the index chosen can be represented, and hide unchecked index.
Model computation module: system core module, that can carry out the calculating of each evaluation index and weight arranges calculating, and weighted stacking calculates.Concrete, if Groundwater Environmental Vulnerability Evaluation Assessment standard has p opinion rating, total n reference mark in study area, the first level factor that each reference mark will be considered has m individual, each the first level factor have again Ki (i=1,2,3 ..., m) individual the second level factor.Three layers of hierarchy Model can be built: destination layer (fragility)-restraint layer (one-level factor of evaluation)-indicator layer (two-level appraisement factor).
The Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Method that the embodiment of the present invention provides, can according to groundwater type, Evaluation of vulnerability index, determine target weight value and independent assessment result, thus Groundwater Vulnerability evaluation map can be obtained according to target weight value and independent assessment result, realize Groundwater Vulnerability evaluation.This technical scheme solves the Groundwater Vulnerability evaluation owing to carrying out based on the overlapped index method of DRASTIC model or European model in prior art, all sets up based on European Characteristics of Karst, is not suitable for the problem of China.
Embodiment two:
As shown in Figure 4, the Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Method that the embodiment of the present invention provides, similar shown in the method to Fig. 1, difference is, also comprises:
Step 105, verifies underground water Evaluation of vulnerability figure.
In the present embodiment, carried out the process verified by step 104, can comprise: verify according to single-factor pollution evaluation model; And/or verify according to single-point comprehensive evaluation model; And/or verify according to tracer experiment.
Wherein, the process of carrying out verifying according to single-factor contamination model comprises: obtain each single-point characteristic contamination concentration and corresponding Groundwater Vulnerability index in study area; Calculate the degree of correlation ρ of each single-point characteristic contamination concentration and corresponding Groundwater Vulnerability index, described in
n represents sample size; It is poor that d representation feature pollutant levels seniority among brothers and sisters and Groundwater Vulnerability index rank ranking; The rationality evaluated is determined according to described correlation of indices degree ρ.Wherein, related coefficient is used for estimating the correlativity between Two Variables X, Y, and the correlativity wherein between variable can use monotonic quantity to describe.If all there are not two identical elements in two of Two Variables value set, so, when one of them variable can be expressed as the good monotonic quantity of another variable (variation tendency of Two Variables is identical), the ρ between Two Variables can reach+1 or-1.The absolute value of correlation coefficient ρ is larger, and correlativity is stronger, and related coefficient is more close to 1 or-1, and the degree of correlation is stronger, and related coefficient is more close to 0, and the degree of correlation is more weak.The rationality evaluated can be as shown in table 3, when relevant during both sides relation is or strong correlation, thinks that evaluation result is reasonable.
Table 3 ρ grade classification
In the present embodiment, verify according to single-point comprehensive evaluation model, can comprise: obtain single factor contaminant index I, described in
the measured concentration of a certain component of Ci-, μ g/L or mg/L; The background value of this component of C0i-; Score value F corresponding to each single factor contaminant index I is obtained according to default grade form; Carry out single-point comprehensive evaluation according to described score value F, obtain the characteristic contamination degree of each single-point; Calculate characteristic contamination degree and the Groundwater Vulnerability correlation of indices degree ρ of each single-point, described in
n represents sample size; It is poor that d representation feature pollutant levels seniority among brothers and sisters and Groundwater Vulnerability index rank ranking;
The rationality evaluated is determined according to described correlation of indices degree ρ.
Groundwater contamination refers under the effect of human activity, and quality of groundwater is towards the phenomenon worsening future development.As long as component concentration exceedes background value, all think and polluted.
When carrying out groundwater environment pollution evaluation, first carry out single-point single pollution assessment, then carry out single-point comprehensive evaluation according to single pollution assessment result (comprising inorganic single pollution assessment and organic single pollution assessment) by summation exponent method.Groundwater environment pollution evaluation inorganics adopts underground water background value as evaluation boundary value, and organism adopts groundwater quality to detect limit value as evaluation boundary value.Single-point water pollution sorted table can be as shown in table 4.
Table 4 single-point water pollution sorted table
| I≤1 | Uncontaminated | Do not exceed control value or background value |
| 1<I≤5 | Light pollution | It is 1 ~ 5 times of control value or background value |
| 5<I≤10 | Middle pollution | It is 5 ~ 10 times of control value or background value |
| 10<I≤50 | Heavily contaminated | It is 10 ~ 50 times of control value or background value |
| I>50 | Severe contamination | Be greater than 50 times of control value or background value |
If when background value is interval value (mainly for inorganic pollutant), is worth in interval, makes I=1, if I is greater than the maximal value of interval value, or when being less than the minimum value of interval value, respectively by Ci value divided by the maximal value of interval value or minimum value.
The very doubt area of background value for underground water, carrying out can with control value as reference when inorganic pollution is evaluated.The determination of control value is in principle according to analysis of data the earliest, and the groundwater quality control value series that the area many in data, research degree is higher is set up can be used as neighboring region's control value serial reference and uses; To the area lacking groundwater quality data, can according to determining without the supplement survey statistics at obvious pollution source position in this district or processing according to three class water quality standards in " groundwater quality standard ".
In the present embodiment, default grade form can be as shown in table 5.
Table 5 single-point water pollution grade form
| I | I≤1 | 1<I≤5 | 5<I≤10 | 10<I≤50 | I>50 |
| F | 1 | 100 | 104 | 106 | 108 |
In the present embodiment, single-point comprehensive evaluation is by each single-point single pollution assessment result summation, is shown below:
according to PI value, groundwater environment pollution level can be fallen into 5 types: uncontaminated (I level), micro-pollution (II grade), light pollution (III grade), comparatively heavily contaminated (IV grade) and severe contamination (V grade) five grades (see table 6).
Table 6 region water pollution modified result table
Carry out the process verified according to missing test, comprising: tracer agent is thrown at the place in two places, place of hydraulic connection to be verified, another place receives described tracer agent; The tracer curve of display first-arrival time is obtained according to the tracer agent received; The rationality evaluated is determined according to the symmetry of described tracer curve.
In the present embodiment, the place wanting checking two place whether to have hydraulic connection, tracer agent is thrown at a place, and another place receives tracer agent.According to the tracer agent first-arrival time of tracer curve display and the waveform symmetry degree of tracer curve, illustrate whether two places exist underground pipeline, hydraulic connection, the rationality of checking Evaluation of vulnerability figure.
In the present embodiment, in the Groundwater Vulnerability evaluation system that can provide in embodiment one, increase modelling verification module: single-point comprehensive evaluation groundwater environment pollution evaluation result is as checking foundation, and tracer experiment.
The Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Method that the embodiment of the present invention provides, can according to groundwater type, Evaluation of vulnerability index, determine target weight value and independent assessment result, thus Groundwater Vulnerability evaluation map can be obtained according to target weight value and independent assessment result, realize Groundwater Vulnerability evaluation.This technical scheme solves the Groundwater Vulnerability evaluation owing to carrying out based on the overlapped index method of DRASTIC model or European model in prior art, all sets up based on European Characteristics of Karst, is not suitable for the problem of China.
The Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Method that the embodiment of the present invention provides, can be applied in Groundwater Vulnerability evaluation system.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be well understood to the mode that the present invention can add required common hardware by software and realize, and can certainly pass through hardware, but in a lot of situation, the former is better embodiment.Based on such understanding, technical scheme of the present invention can embody with the form of software product the part that prior art contributes in essence in other words, this computer software product is stored in the storage medium that can read, as the floppy disk of computing machine, hard disk or CD etc., comprise some instructions and perform method described in each embodiment of the present invention in order to make a computer equipment (can be personal computer, server, or the network equipment etc.).
The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of described claim.
Claims (8)
1. a Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Method, is characterized in that, comprising:
Groundwater type, Evaluation of vulnerability index and parameter is obtained according to boring, empirical value or field bailing test;
According to described Evaluation of vulnerability setup measures weight matrix, and obtain the target weight value of each Evaluation of vulnerability index in described weight matrix respectively;
Obtain the independent assessment result of each Evaluation of vulnerability index in described weight matrix respectively;
Groundwater Vulnerability evaluation map is obtained according to described target weight value and described independent assessment result;
Wherein, described groundwater type, comprising:
Pore ground water, porous confined groundwater or karst water;
Wherein, described Evaluation of vulnerability index, comprising: essential vulnerability inder and/or specific vulnerability index;
Described essential vulnerability inder comprises: one or more in soil media, groundwater level depth, clean increment, aeration zone viscous soil horizon thickness, infiltration coefficient, water-bearing zone thickness and terrain slope;
Described specific vulnerability index comprises: one or more in contaminant transportation transformation rule, drainage density, land use pattern and mining of groundwater degree;
Wherein, the described target weight value not obtaining each Evaluation of vulnerability index in described weight matrix, comprising:
Obtain the matrix value of described weight matrix;
Corresponding weighted value is obtained according to described matrix value;
Described weighted value is verified, is verified result;
When described the result display checking is not passed through, again obtain the matrix value of described weight matrix, until the result display is verified;
When described the result display is verified, the described weighted value be verified is set to described target weight value.
2. Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the matrix value of the described weight matrix of described acquisition, comprising:
Evaluation of vulnerability index in described weight matrix is compared between two, obtains comparative result;
The matrix value of described weight matrix is determined according to described comparative result.
3. Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described weighted value obtaining correspondence according to described matrix value, comprising:
According to described weight matrix and matrix value Judgement Matricies;
Calculate the product Mi of described each row element of judgment matrix;
Calculate the m th Root W of described Mi
i', described m is the line number of described judgment matrix;
According to described W
i' obtain characteristic vector W, described W=(W1, W2, W3 ..., Wm),
Corresponding weighted value is obtained according to described proper vector.
4. Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, describedly verifies described weighted value, comprising:
Obtain the Maximum characteristic root λ max of described judgment matrix, described in
described (PW) i represents i-th element of vectorial PW,
According to
Described weighted value is verified, the general coincident indicator of described CR to be the random Consistency Ratio of judgment matrix: CI be judgment matrix; RI is the Aver-age Random Consistency Index of judgment matrix.
5. Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described method also comprises:
Verify according to single-factor pollution evaluation model; And/or
Verify according to single-point comprehensive evaluation model; And/or
Verify according to tracer experiment.
6. Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, describedly verifies according to single-factor pollution evaluation model, comprising:
Obtain each single-point characteristic contamination concentration and corresponding Groundwater Vulnerability index in study area;
Calculate the degree of correlation ρ of each single-point characteristic contamination concentration and corresponding Groundwater Vulnerability index, described in
n represents sample size; It is poor that d representation feature pollutant levels seniority among brothers and sisters and Groundwater Vulnerability index rank ranking;
The rationality evaluated is determined according to described correlation of indices degree ρ.
7. Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, describedly verifies according to single-point comprehensive evaluation model, comprising:
Obtain single factor contaminant index I, described in
the measured concentration of a certain component of Ci-, μ g/L or mg/L; The background value of this component of C0i-;
Score value F corresponding to each single factor contaminant index I is obtained according to default grade form;
Carry out single-point comprehensive evaluation according to described score value F, obtain the characteristic contamination degree of each single-point;
Calculate characteristic contamination degree and the Groundwater Vulnerability correlation of indices degree ρ of each single-point, described in
n represents sample size; It is poor that d representation feature pollutant levels seniority among brothers and sisters and Groundwater Vulnerability index rank ranking;
The rationality evaluated is determined according to described correlation of indices degree ρ.
8. Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, describedly verifies according to tracer experiment, comprising:
Tracer agent is thrown at a place in two places, place of hydraulic connection to be verified, and another place receives described tracer agent;
The tracer curve of display first-arrival time is obtained according to the tracer agent received;
The rationality evaluated is determined according to the symmetry of described tracer curve.
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